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Article 51(2) provides that a general-purpose AI model is presumed to have high impact capabilities pursuant to Article 51(1), point (a), when the cumulative computation used for its training, measured in floating point operations, is greater than 10^25. Copy claim link
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Machine-checked, not reviewed by an editor Stated in source Supported
Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source; Context: primary · 1 source
Provision Threshold or trigger · provision ID aia-gpai-systemic-risk-compute-presumption Subject version As published in the Official Journal (12 July 2024) · Published 2024-07-12 · Effective date not established Date 2024-07-12 · publication Scope and limits A presumption of high impact capabilities, not a definition of systemic risk. Under Article 51(3) the Commission may amend the threshold by delegated act. Article 51(1)(b) separately lets the Commission designate a model with equivalent capabilities or impact, and Article 52(2) lets a provider argue that a model above the threshold does not present systemic risks. The exponent is set as a superscript in the Official Journal HTML and is recorded here as 10^25. California SB 53 uses a different measure (10^26 operations, a separate record). It states what the Regulation requires of the categories of provider it defines. Whether any named developer’s model falls within a category, and whether any developer complies, is legal application and is not recorded. A statutory duty is not evidence of implementation or enforcement. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (published 24 July 2026) amends other articles of the AI Act. Its text, inspected on 2026-10-10, does not list this article among those it amends; the consolidated AI Act was not inspected.
The evidence 03 primary source Supports the claim
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) ↗ Official Journal of the European Union (EUR-Lex) · 2024-07-12
Archived copy, captured 2024-07-12: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) ↗
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Source excerpt “presumed to have high impact capabilities pursuant to paragraph 1, point (a), when the cumulative amount of computation used for its training measured in floating point operations is greater than” Location in source Article 51(2), opening words
Machine-checked · 2026-10-10
Source details and check notes Authors European Parliament and Council of the European Union Version Official Journal L series edition of 12.7.2024, English HTML, retrieved 2026-10-10. The text of the Internet Archive capture of 2024-07-12 matched it apart from the numbering of footnote markers in the amending articles. Later amendments (Regulation (EU) 2026/1744) are not applied to this text. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-10 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2024-07-12: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) ↗ . Captured on the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2024-07-12. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-10.Attribution European Parliament and Council of the European Union, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act), Official Journal L, 12.7.2024. Reuse Official legal text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing session against the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. The quotation stops before the threshold number, which the HTML sets as “10” followed by the superscript “25”; the next item records the number. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending. primary source Supports the claim
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) ↗ Official Journal of the European Union (EUR-Lex) · 2024-07-12
Archived copy, captured 2024-07-12: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) ↗
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Paraphrase The threshold stated at the end of Article 51(2) is 10 raised to the power 25 floating point operations (the HTML sets “25” as a superscript after “10”).
Location in source Article 51(2), threshold value
Machine-checked · 2026-10-10
Source details and check notes Authors European Parliament and Council of the European Union Version Official Journal L series edition of 12.7.2024, English HTML, retrieved 2026-10-10. The text of the Internet Archive capture of 2024-07-12 matched it apart from the numbering of footnote markers in the amending articles. Later amendments (Regulation (EU) 2026/1744) are not applied to this text. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-10 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2024-07-12: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) ↗ . Captured on the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2024-07-12. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-10.Attribution European Parliament and Council of the European Union, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act), Official Journal L, 12.7.2024. Reuse Official legal text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Editorial paraphrase proposed by the proposing session from the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Paraphrase because the exponent is typographic markup, not running text. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending. primary source Context only
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) ↗ Official Journal of the European Union (EUR-Lex) · 2024-07-12
Archived copy, captured 2024-07-12: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) ↗
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Paraphrase Article 51(3) empowers the Commission to adopt delegated acts under Article 97 to amend the thresholds in Article 51(1) and (2).
Location in source Article 51(3)
Machine-checked · 2026-10-10
Source details and check notes Authors European Parliament and Council of the European Union Version Official Journal L series edition of 12.7.2024, English HTML, retrieved 2026-10-10. The text of the Internet Archive capture of 2024-07-12 matched it apart from the numbering of footnote markers in the amending articles. Later amendments (Regulation (EU) 2026/1744) are not applied to this text. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-10 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2024-07-12: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) ↗ . Captured on the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2024-07-12. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-10.Attribution European Parliament and Council of the European Union, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act), Official Journal L, 12.7.2024. Reuse Official legal text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Editorial paraphrase proposed by the proposing session from the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending. Status and meaning Editorial status. Not reviewed by an editor . An exploratory record that no editor has accepted. This status does not say whether a person has read any linked passage. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
Relation. An exact framework edition states one provision: a capability threshold or risk level and its trigger, a required safeguard or action, a decision authority (who decides, recommends, can overrule or is informed), or a stated exception. The quoted text records what the edition says, not implementation, compliance or effectiveness. Provisions with the same key align across editions of one family.
Date. Provision as published in the Official Journal on 2024-07-12 (the Regulation is dated 13 June 2024). Dates of application are stated separately in Article 113.
Record ID aia-art51-compute-presumption