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Bresnahan, Brynjolfsson and Hitt’s working paper of May 1999 describes computers taking over decisions once made by clerical workers, with tasks reallocated between people and computers and jobs redesigned, and says that, advances in artificial intelligence notwithstanding, the scope of this substitution has been limited. Copy claim link
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Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source
Date 1999-05 · publication Records dated 1999 → Role Earliest located Register (kind of text) Nonfiction Tier Tier 1. NBER working paper (core venue). Scope and limits It analyses computerisation of white-collar decisions within a task framework and names artificial intelligence in that passage, to say its advances had not widened the substitution much; it is not a model of AI in particular. Recorded by the maintainer’s decision of 2026-11-07 (re-check sheet, decision 11a: the move holds because the quoted passage names AI) after the cross-family re-check of 2026-11-02 (role 139). Earliest located in tier 1 means the earliest text found by the collection’s searches and that re-check, not a first statement.
The evidence 02 primary source Supports the claim
Information Technology, Workplace Organization and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence ↗ NBER Working Paper 7136 · 1999-05
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Source excerpt “Decisions that were once reached by humans in a paper- and people-based system are now reached by software. Advances in artificial intelligence notwithstanding, the scope of this substitution has been limited.” Location in source Section 3.1 “Limited substitution”, first paragraph, printed p. 11
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-11-07
Source details and check notes Authors Timothy Bresnahan; Erik Brynjolfsson; Lorin Hitt Version Full text (PDF without NBER cover page). Current copy retrieved directly on 2026-10-09; no archive capture, so earlier bytes are not authenticated. SHA-256 9fb812b5d73898ed75b3fc03f073bba13cc65ca0f005f779d9e915b2634838bb. Journal version not retrieved. Bresnahan, T. F., Brynjolfsson, E., & Hitt, L. M. (2002). Information technology, workplace organization, and the demand for skilled labor: Firm-level evidence. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(1), 339–376. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302753399526 Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-09 Language English (en) Attribution Timothy Bresnahan, Erik Brynjolfsson, Lorin Hitt, “Information Technology, Workplace Organization and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence”, NBER Working Paper 7136, 1999-05. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes The quotation (31 words) matched on 2026-11-07 the working paper as retrieved that day, whose SHA-256 (9fb812b5d73898ed75b3fc03f073bba13cc65ca0f005f779d9e915b2634838bb) equals the stored value. No human editorial review. primary source Supports the claim
Information Technology, Workplace Organization and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence ↗ NBER Working Paper 7136 · 1999-05
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Cite the original source Cite the original document, not Selekoa. Check these details against it.
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Source excerpt “Far more important is substitution of computer for human decisionmaking in the intermediate run” Location in source Section 3.1, third paragraph, printed p. 12
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-11-07
Source details and check notes Authors Timothy Bresnahan; Erik Brynjolfsson; Lorin Hitt Version Full text (PDF without NBER cover page). Current copy retrieved directly on 2026-10-09; no archive capture, so earlier bytes are not authenticated. SHA-256 9fb812b5d73898ed75b3fc03f073bba13cc65ca0f005f779d9e915b2634838bb. Journal version not retrieved. Bresnahan, T. F., Brynjolfsson, E., & Hitt, L. M. (2002). Information technology, workplace organization, and the demand for skilled labor: Firm-level evidence. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(1), 339–376. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302753399526 Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-09 Language English (en) Attribution Timothy Bresnahan, Erik Brynjolfsson, Lorin Hitt, “Information Technology, Workplace Organization and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence”, NBER Working Paper 7136, 1999-05. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes The quotation (15 words) matched on 2026-11-07 the working paper as retrieved that day, whose SHA-256 (9fb812b5d73898ed75b3fc03f073bba13cc65ca0f005f779d9e915b2634838bb) equals the stored value. No human editorial review. Status and meaning Editorial status. Machine-checked . Machines found this record and checked it against its sources; no person accepted it individually. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
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Record ID ec-m02-bresnahan-brynjolfsson-hitt-1999-it-workplace-organization-a