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Hartree’s Calculating Instruments and Machines (1949) says that equipment such as electronic calculating machines cannot “think for itself”: the thinking is done beforehand by the designer and the operator, and all the machine can do is follow its instructions exactly. He quotes Lovelace’s statement on the Analytical Engine to the same effect. Copy claim link
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Machine-checked Stated in source Supported
Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source; Context: primary · 1 source
Date 1949 · publication Records dated 1949 → Role Articulation Register (kind of text) Nonfiction Scope and limits Stated of the equipment Hartree discusses (electronic calculating machines, automatic pilots) and of the machines constructed or projected at the time. The next paragraph leaves open whether electronic equipment could be built that would ‘think for itself’ or learn, and adds ‘Whether this is possible in principle or not’; that is not recorded on U02. Lovelace’s statement is quoted from her notes of 1843, the earliest located text. Turing’s paper of 1950 quotes this page.
The evidence 02 primary source Supports the claim
Calculating Instruments and Machines ↗ University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1949; Internet Archive scan · 1949
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Source excerpt “whereas this is just what it cannot do; all the thinking has to be done beforehand by the designer and by the operator who provides the operating instructions for the particular problem; all the machine can do is to follow these instructions exactly” Location in source p. 70 (PDF page 86), paragraph on Lady Lovelace's comments
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-11-04
Source details and check notes Authors Douglas R. Hartree Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-11-03 (SHA-256 8ba5e640ebdf4f08e7fd5ba60174f73ab916f59ed9b2f928d5d9e09913e8a479) and again at admission on 2026-11-04 (same file). Internet Archive scan of the 1949 printing (title leaves: University of Illinois Press, Urbana; copyright 1949), with an OCR text layer; quotations matched against the text layer, printed p. 70 (PDF page 86). Same SHA-256 as the copy a second check by a model of another family read. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-11-04 Language English (en) Attribution Douglas R. Hartree, “Calculating Instruments and Machines”, 1949. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, antecedent texts (research/prehistory). The quotation (43 words) matched a fresh retrieval of 2026-11-04 (SHA-256 8ba5e640ebdf…, the file the candidate pack read). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Matched against the text layer; ‘pro-vides’ is divided at a line end. No human editorial review. primary source Context only
Calculating Instruments and Machines ↗ University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1949; Internet Archive scan · 1949
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Source excerpt “This does not imply that it may not be possible to construct electronic equipment which will "think for itself," Location in source p. 70 (PDF page 86), following paragraph
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-11-04
Source details and check notes Authors Douglas R. Hartree Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-11-03 (SHA-256 8ba5e640ebdf4f08e7fd5ba60174f73ab916f59ed9b2f928d5d9e09913e8a479) and again at admission on 2026-11-04 (same file). Internet Archive scan of the 1949 printing (title leaves: University of Illinois Press, Urbana; copyright 1949), with an OCR text layer; quotations matched against the text layer, printed p. 70 (PDF page 86). Same SHA-256 as the copy a second check by a model of another family read. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-11-04 Language English (en) Attribution Douglas R. Hartree, “Calculating Instruments and Machines”, 1949. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, antecedent texts (research/prehistory). The quotation (19 words) matched a fresh retrieval of 2026-11-04 (SHA-256 8ba5e640ebdf…, the file the candidate pack read). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Hartree’s addition, which Turing (1950) quotes. No human editorial review. Status and meaning Editorial status. Machine-checked . Machines found this record and checked it against its sources; no person accepted it individually. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
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Date. Copyright year of the printing read.
Record ID pre-u01-hartree-1949