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Narayanan and Kapoor's post of 6 March 2023, written after the leak of Meta's LLaMA weights, argues that the cost of producing disinformation is not the bottleneck for influence operations, so that the risk of malicious misuse of open language models is lower than widely assumed, which they call an argument in favour of open-sourcing. Copy claim link
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Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source; Context: primary · 1 source
Date 2023-03-06 · publication Records dated 2023 → Role Articulation Register (kind of text) Nonfiction Scope and limits Limited to disinformation and spam; the authors say they take no position on whether models should be open-sourced, misuse being only one factor.
The evidence 03 primary source Supports the claim
The LLaMA is out of the bag. Should we expect a tidal wave of disinformation? ↗ AI Snake Oil newsletter (aisnakeoil.com, Substack); cross-posted on the Knight First Amendment Institute blog · 2023-03-06
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Source excerpt “The bottleneck isn't the cost of producing disinfo, which is already very low.” Location in source Subtitle
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Arvind Narayanan; Sayash Kapoor Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 1322c96bf346117fad99f0be3364b284bf56be97456321f83ab168a72b8a57a5). Current Substack page; no archive capture compared. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Arvind Narayanan, Sayash Kapoor, “The LLaMA is out of the bag. Should we expect a tidal wave of disinformation?”, 2023-03-06. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (13 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review. primary source Supports the claim
The LLaMA is out of the bag. Should we expect a tidal wave of disinformation? ↗ AI Snake Oil newsletter (aisnakeoil.com, Substack); cross-posted on the Knight First Amendment Institute blog · 2023-03-06
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Cite the original source Cite the original document, not Selekoa. Check these details against it.
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Source excerpt “If we are correct about the risk of malicious misuse being lower than widely assumed, that’s an argument in favor of open-sourcing LLMs.” Location in source Closing section
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Arvind Narayanan; Sayash Kapoor Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 1322c96bf346117fad99f0be3364b284bf56be97456321f83ab168a72b8a57a5). Current Substack page; no archive capture compared. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Arvind Narayanan, Sayash Kapoor, “The LLaMA is out of the bag. Should we expect a tidal wave of disinformation?”, 2023-03-06. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (23 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review. primary source Context only
The LLaMA is out of the bag. Should we expect a tidal wave of disinformation? ↗ AI Snake Oil newsletter (aisnakeoil.com, Substack); cross-posted on the Knight First Amendment Institute blog · 2023-03-06
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Cite the original source Cite the original document, not Selekoa. Check these details against it.
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Source excerpt “we don’t have an opinion on whether they should be open-sourced” Location in source Closing section
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Arvind Narayanan; Sayash Kapoor Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 1322c96bf346117fad99f0be3364b284bf56be97456321f83ab168a72b8a57a5). Current Substack page; no archive capture compared. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Arvind Narayanan, Sayash Kapoor, “The LLaMA is out of the bag. Should we expect a tidal wave of disinformation?”, 2023-03-06. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (11 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review. Status and meaning Editorial status. Not reviewed by an editor . An exploratory record that no editor has accepted. This status does not say whether a person has read any linked passage. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
Relation. A passage of the document meets the proposition’s criterion. The record documents what the text states, in its register (fiction and satire are labelled); it is not evidence that the proposition is true and implies no influence on or from another text.
Date. Date of posting.
Record ID rd-r15-kapoor-narayanan-2023-llama-out-of-bag