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According to LeCun, Bengio and Hinton (Nature, 2015), the backpropagation idea was discovered independently by several groups during the 1970s and 1980s, citing Werbos's 1974 thesis, Parker (1985), LeCun (1985) and Rumelhart, Hinton and Williams (1986). Copy claim link
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Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source
Date 2015-05-28 · publication Records dated 2015 → Kind of attribution Attributes a term or concept to the work Scope and limits An attributed statement of the review, which cites four works (references 24-27) without distinguishing their contributions; recorded against Werbos 1974 as the earliest cited. Schmidhuber's page disputes that the 1974 thesis contained the neural-network application (recorded separately). Not resolved.
The evidence 02 primary source Supports the claim
Deep learning ↗ Nature 521; copy hosted on Geoffrey Hinton's University of Toronto page · 2015-05-28
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Source excerpt “The idea that this could be done, and that it worked, was discovered independently by several different groups during the 1970s and 1980s24–27.” Location in source PDF p. 3 (printed p. 438), section on backpropagation
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Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Yann LeCun; Yoshua Bengio; Geoffrey Hinton Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 18b910be375cd8c9358eb8868a65ff4c9cdcea643d62cefdc3d202c133ca5fc2). Publisher PDF of the review (doi:10.1038/nature14539), author-hosted. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, “Deep learning”, 2015-05-28. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (23 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 60) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review. primary source Supports the claim
Deep learning ↗ Nature 521; copy hosted on Geoffrey Hinton's University of Toronto page · 2015-05-28
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Cite the original source Cite the original document, not Selekoa. Check these details against it.
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Source excerpt “24. Werbos, P. Beyond Regression: New Tools for Prediction and Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences. PhD thesis, Harvard Univ. (1974). 25. Parker, D. B. Learning Logic Report TR–47 (MIT Press, 1985).” Location in source PDF p. 8, references 24-25
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Yann LeCun; Yoshua Bengio; Geoffrey Hinton Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 18b910be375cd8c9358eb8868a65ff4c9cdcea643d62cefdc3d202c133ca5fc2). Publisher PDF of the review (doi:10.1038/nature14539), author-hosted. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, “Deep learning”, 2015-05-28. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (31 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 60) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review. Status and meaning Editorial status. Not reviewed by an editor . An exploratory record that no editor has accepted. This status does not say whether a person has read any linked passage. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
Relation. A document expressly attributes an argument, concept, term, finding or approach to another work, in its own words; the kind of attribution is recorded. The record is the citing document’s claim. It is not evidence that the cited work originated the idea, that the attribution is accurate, or of influence beyond the passage. Citation alone is recorded as a citation.
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Record ID th-cn-credit-lbh-werbos