Claim · 1960-08 · publication · Stated in source · Supported

Widrow and Hoff describe an adaptive "neuron" element whose input weights (gains) are set during a "training" procedure by showing it examples of inputs and desired outputs.

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What it connects

Adaptive Switching Circuits → discusses →

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Claim and evidence

Adaptive Switching Circuitsdiscusses ↓

Machine-checked, not reviewed by an editorStated in sourceSupported

Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source

Date: 1960-08 · publication Records dated 1960 →

Scope and limitsParaphrase of printed p. 96 only; the paper's learning rule itself was not read.

The evidence 01

primary sourceSupports the claim

Adaptive Switching Circuits

Bernard Widrow's site, Stanford Information Systems Laboratory · 1960-08

Cite the original source

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Paraphrase

The paper describes a combinational logical circuit, the typical element of its adaptive switching circuits, which bears some resemblance to a "neuron" model of von Neumann, hence the name; the element forms a weighted sum of +1/-1 inputs with adjustable gains, outputs +1 or -1 by threshold, and its gains are set during a "training" procedure in which the designer shows the system examples of inputs and desired outputs.

Location in source PDF p. 1 (printed p. 96), sections A and B

How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher

Machine-checked · 2026-10-31

Source details and check notes

Authors: Bernard Widrow; Marcian E. Hoff
Version: Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 10c507b3f29c3a5162ad22fcc36e0eacfa7d28245c656ed5960de2b21ab150c1). Scan of the printed paper (printed pp. 96-104), author-hosted; printed p. 96 read from the page image. The scan does not print the venue or date.
Canonical address: Open the canonical source ↗
Accessed: 2026-10-29
Language: English (en)
Attribution: Bernard Widrow, Marcian E. Hoff, “Adaptive Switching Circuits”, 1960-08.
Reuse: No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution.
Check notes: Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. Scanned PDF without a text layer: paraphrase of the page image. No human editorial review.

Status and meaning

Editorial status. Not reviewed by an editor. An exploratory record that no editor has accepted. This status does not say whether a person has read any linked passage. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.

Relation. The concept is explicitly discussed in the document. This makes no earliest-use, invention or transmission claim.

Date. Date of publication, as the source gives it.

Record ID th-cn-def-widrow-hoff-1960