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Tesauro (1995) states that TD-Gammon 2.0 made its public debut at the 1992 World Cup of Backgammon, losing a net 7 points over 38 exhibition games against top players. Copy claim link
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Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source; Context: secondary · 1 source
Provision Statement · provision ID rl-tesauro-1995-1992-debut Date 1995-03 · publication Records dated 1995 → Scope and limits The author's report; not independently checked. Sutton and Barto (2018, PDF p. 43) also date TD-Gammon's success to 1992.
The evidence 03 primary source Supports the claim
Temporal Difference Learning and TD-Gammon ↗ Communications of the ACM (HTML transcription by Tom Keith on bkgm.com, copied with permission of the ACM as the page states) · 1995-03
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Source excerpt “made its public debut at the 1992 World Cup of Backgammon tournament. In 38 exhibition games against top human players” Location in source section "Results of Training"
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Gerald Tesauro Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 beccd4d203cbd0c13f13d4bb80364fb7e3957ed0836cc16a63bd147685f9756b). Later HTML transcription of the March 1995 article; figures and tables not reproduced in text. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Gerald Tesauro, “Temporal Difference Learning and TD-Gammon”, 1995-03. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (20 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 116) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review. primary source Supports the claim
Temporal Difference Learning and TD-Gammon ↗ Communications of the ACM (HTML transcription by Tom Keith on bkgm.com, copied with permission of the ACM as the page states) · 1995-03
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Source excerpt “the program had a net loss of only 7 points.” Location in source section "Results of Training"
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Gerald Tesauro Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 beccd4d203cbd0c13f13d4bb80364fb7e3957ed0836cc16a63bd147685f9756b). Later HTML transcription of the March 1995 article; figures and tables not reproduced in text. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Gerald Tesauro, “Temporal Difference Learning and TD-Gammon”, 1995-03. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (10 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 116) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review. secondary source Context only
Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction (second edition) ↗ MIT Press; author-hosted PDF (incompleteideas.net) · 2018
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Source excerpt “In 1992, the remarkable success of Gerry Tesauro’s backgammon playing program, TD-Gammon, brought additional attention to the field.” Location in source PDF p. 43, section 1.7
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Richard S. Sutton; Andrew G. Barto Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 2dd0d71d9ee883fbeb99f9b888c65ac3255fae2512203d11b18e838befffe9a6). Author-hosted PDF of the second edition, copyright 2018, 2020 (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0). Ligatures such as "ff" are mis-encoded in the text layer; quotations avoid them. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Richard S. Sutton, Andrew G. Barto, “Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction (second edition)”, 2018. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (18 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 116) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review. Status and meaning Editorial status. Not reviewed by an editor . An exploratory record that no editor has accepted. This status does not say whether a person has read any linked passage. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
Relation. An exact framework edition, or another document with an exact expression, states one provision: a capability threshold or risk level and its trigger, a required safeguard or action, a decision authority (who decides, recommends, can overrule or is informed), a stated exception, or another statement of its content, such as a licence term or a prospectus statement. The passage records what the document says, not implementation, compliance or effectiveness. Provisions with the same key align across editions of one family.
Date. Date of the stating text; the event it reports is dated 1992.
Record ID th-rl-tesauro-1995-1992-debut