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  {
    "id": "lg-src-ant-leadership-2026",
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      "Anthropic"
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  {
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  },
  {
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  {
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  {
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      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
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  },
  {
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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  {
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  {
    "id": "lg-src-oai-ssc-2024",
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      "attribution": "OpenAI, “OpenAI Board Forms Safety and Security Committee”, 2024-05-28.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lg-src-oai-statsig-2025",
    "title": "Vijaye Raji to become CTO of Applications with acquisition of Statsig",
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      "count": 459
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    "accessedAt": "2026-10-15",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "OpenAI, “Vijaye Raji to become CTO of Applications with acquisition of Statsig”, 2025-09-02.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "lg-src-oai-tc-mcgrew-2024",
    "title": "OpenAI’s chief research officer has left following CTO Mira Murati’s exit",
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    "version": "yudkowsky.net, retrieved 2026-10-06 (SHA-256 2ef8af4b3c3863673dee800f7f8bc7ffbf306a430eb1a1564e52658cc378f939). Page states \"This document is ©2002\"; the current page is a 2020 re-hosting (posted September 4, 2020, updated July 2, 2021) and carries a CC BY-ND 3.0 licence and a MIRI footer, so it was revised after 2002. The 2002 wording was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.yudkowsky.net/singularity/aibox",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.yudkowsky.net/singularity/aibox",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate page length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the page retrieved 2026-10-06 (SHA-256 recorded in the pack); counted 2026-10-08.",
      "count": 2398
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, “The AI-Box Experiment”, yudkowsky.net, 2002.",
      "licence": "The current page states a Creative Commons BY-ND 3.0 licence",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ailabwatch-ltbt-2024",
    "title": "Maybe Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust is powerless",
    "authors": [
      "Zach Stein-Perlman"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Stein-Perlman",
        "given": "Zach"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "AI Lab Watch",
    "publicationDate": "2024-05-27",
    "version": "Blog post dated May 27 2024, inspected live 2026-10-04 (the site says it stopped being maintained in September 2025); an Internet Archive capture of 2024-05-29 exists and was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://ailabwatch.org/blog/anthropic-trust-powerless",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://ailabwatch.org/blog/anthropic-trust-powerless",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240529002837/https://ailabwatch.org/blog/anthropic-trust-powerless",
    "archivedAt": "2024-05-29",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text from the introduction to the acknowledgements",
      "count": 714
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Zach Stein-Perlman, Maybe Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust is powerless, AI Lab Watch (27 May 2024).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-aipnfgr-2006-draft",
    "documentId": "ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk",
    "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Global Risk (SIAI draft of 5 February 2006)",
    "authors": [
      "Eliezer Yudkowsky"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Yudkowsky",
        "given": "Eliezer"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence",
    "publicationDate": "2006-02-05",
    "version": "Draft PDF as captured by the Internet Archive on 2006-07-08, retrieved 2026-10-06. The draft asks not to be quoted without permission, so it is cited for the presence and date of the wording, not quoted.",
    "canonicalUrl": "http://www.singinst.org/AIRisk.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20060708192313/http://www.singinst.org:80/AIRisk.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20060708192313/http://www.singinst.org:80/AIRisk.pdf",
    "archivedAt": "2006-07-08",
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, \"Artificial Intelligence and Global Risk\", SIAI draft of 5 February 2006.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases only: the draft asks not to be quoted without permission. Phrases in quotation marks inside a paraphrase identify the source's wording."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-aipnfgr-miri-reprint",
    "documentId": "ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk",
    "title": "Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk (MIRI reprint)",
    "authors": [
      "Eliezer Yudkowsky"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Yudkowsky",
        "given": "Eliezer"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Machine Intelligence Research Institute",
    "publicationDate": "2008",
    "version": "MIRI reprint, \"This version contains minor changes\", retrieved 2026-10-06 with the hash recorded by the 1996–2022 candidate search; byte-identical to the capture of 2013-03-02.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://intelligence.org/files/AIPosNegFactor.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://intelligence.org/files/AIPosNegFactor.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20130302173022/http://intelligence.org/files/AIPosNegFactor.pdf",
    "archivedAt": "2013-03-02",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the text layer of the inspected PDF, including notes and page furniture; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 20868
    },
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, \"Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk\", in Global Catastrophic Risks (2008); MIRI reprint.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-amazon-anthropic-apr-2026",
    "title": "Amazon and Anthropic expand strategic collaboration",
    "authors": [
      "Amazon"
    ],
    "publisher": "Amazon",
    "publicationDate": "2026-04-20",
    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-invests-additional-5-billion-anthropic-ai",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-invests-additional-5-billion-anthropic-ai",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words in the article body on the inspected page, so navigation, related links and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 1479
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Amazon, Amazon and Anthropic expand strategic collaboration (2026-04-20).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-amazon-anthropic-mar-2024",
    "title": "Amazon and Anthropic deepen their shared commitment to advancing generative AI",
    "authors": [
      "Amazon"
    ],
    "publisher": "Amazon",
    "publicationDate": "2024-03-27",
    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-anthropic-ai-investment",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-anthropic-ai-investment",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Amazon, Amazon and Anthropic deepen their shared commitment to advancing generative AI (2024-03-27).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-amazon-partnership",
    "title": "Expanding access to safer AI with Amazon",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2023-09-25",
    "version": "Dated page, inspected at retrieval",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-amazon",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-amazon",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 765
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-17",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Expanding access to safer AI with Amazon (2023-09-25).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-amazon-q3-2025",
    "title": "Amazon.com announces third quarter results",
    "authors": [
      "Amazon"
    ],
    "publisher": "Amazon",
    "publicationDate": "2025-10-30",
    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-earnings-q3-2025-report",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/amazon-earnings-q3-2025-report",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate release length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, including the forward-looking-statements notice and table text; navigation and menus excluded; counted 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 2297
    },
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Amazon, Amazon.com announces third quarter results (2025-10-30).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-amplification-paper-v1",
    "documentId": "amplification-paper",
    "title": "Supervising strong learners by amplifying weak experts",
    "authors": [
      "Paul Christiano",
      "Buck Shlegeris",
      "Dario Amodei"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Christiano",
        "given": "Paul"
      },
      {
        "family": "Shlegeris",
        "given": "Buck"
      },
      {
        "family": "Amodei",
        "given": "Dario"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "arXiv",
    "publicationDate": "2018-10-19",
    "version": "arXiv:1810.08575v1; first-submission date from version history. Later revisions are not substituted.",
    "versionDate": "2018-10-19",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.08575",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.08575v1",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-25",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Paul Christiano; Buck Shlegeris; Dario Amodei, Supervising strong learners by amplifying weak experts.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; source publications and personal contact details are not redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-andrews-farboodi-2025-markets-transformative-ai",
    "documentId": "andrews-farboodi-2025-markets-transformative-ai",
    "title": "Do Markets Believe in Transformative AI?",
    "authors": [
      "Isaiah Andrews",
      "Maryam Farboodi"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Andrews",
        "given": "Isaiah"
      },
      {
        "family": "Farboodi",
        "given": "Maryam"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "NBER Working Paper 34243",
    "publicationDate": "2025-09",
    "version": "NBER abstract page. Retrieved 2026-10-11. SHA-256 07564951ccc7f7c04535e1f383d34880ced2398dc8a523532be345a837194566. Version a reader would cite, or full text, not retrieved. Andrews, I., & Farboodi, M. (2025). Do markets believe in transformative AI? (NBER Working Paper No. 34243). https://doi.org/10.3386/w34243",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.nber.org/papers/w34243",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.nber.org/papers/w34243",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "A floor, not a count: an NBER working paper whose full text was refused (HTTP 403), so only the abstract page was read; the paper is assumed to run to at least 2,000 words.",
      "count": 2000
    },
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-11",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Isaiah Andrews, Maryam Farboodi, “Do Markets Believe in Transformative AI?”, NBER Working Paper 34243, 2025-09.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-aws-nov-2024",
    "title": "Powering the next generation of AI development with AWS",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2024-11-22",
    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-amazon-trainium",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-amazon-trainium",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Powering the next generation of AI development with AWS (2024-11-22).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-bernanke-2026",
    "title": "Ben Bernanke appointed to Anthropic’s Long-Term Benefit Trust",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2026-07-09",
    "version": "Web page dated Jul 9, 2026, inspected live 2026-10-04; an Internet Archive capture of 2026-07-09 exists and was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/ben-bernanke",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/ben-bernanke",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260709163737/https://www.anthropic.com/news/ben-bernanke",
    "archivedAt": "2026-07-09",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text of the web page",
      "count": 827
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Ben Bernanke appointed to Anthropic’s Long-Term Benefit Trust (9 July 2026).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-coi-2021-01-26",
    "documentId": "anthropic-coi-2021-01-26",
    "title": "Certificate of Incorporation of Anthropic, PBC (filed 2021-01-26)",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic, PBC"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic, PBC (filed with the Delaware Division of Corporations)",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2021-01-26",
    "version": "Filed 2021-01-26 according to the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (file number 4860621); 9-page scan. Delaware-stamped scan published by AI Lab Watch in a shared Google Drive folder (linked from its post of 12 June 2024, which says the filings were obtained from the State of Delaware); downloaded directly on 2026-10-04 and read from page images, as the PDF has no text layer. The Internet Archive holds no capture of this file and no new capture was requested. Authenticity rests on the filing stamp and the consistent recitals of later certificates; no copy was obtained from the Division of Corporations.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1f7mYsm4px4pPdIzYo64wGePVNEHPZ0Ye/view",
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    "language": "en",
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      "basis": "Estimate: 9 pages of dense typescript at roughly 450 words a page, from the page images (the scan has no text layer)",
      "count": 4050
    },
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    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, PBC, certificate of incorporation (filed 2021-01-26), copy published by AI Lab Watch.",
      "licence": "Public filing; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-coi-2021-05-24",
    "documentId": "anthropic-coi-2021-05-24",
    "title": "Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Anthropic, PBC (filed 2021-05-24)",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic, PBC"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic, PBC (filed with the Delaware Division of Corporations)",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2021-05-24",
    "version": "Filed 2021-05-24 according to the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (file number 4860621); 17-page scan. Delaware-stamped scan published by AI Lab Watch in a shared Google Drive folder (linked from its post of 12 June 2024, which says the filings were obtained from the State of Delaware); downloaded directly on 2026-10-04 and read from page images, as the PDF has no text layer. The Internet Archive holds no capture of this file and no new capture was requested. Authenticity rests on the filing stamp and the consistent recitals of later certificates; no copy was obtained from the Division of Corporations.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/174JdAEuDR6L1IhvMJ_UiYD_ORQhxXlBw/view",
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    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Estimate: 17 pages of dense typescript at roughly 450 words a page, from the page images (the scan has no text layer)",
      "count": 7650
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    "kind": "filing",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, PBC, amended and restated certificate of incorporation (filed 2021-05-24), copy published by AI Lab Watch.",
      "licence": "Public filing; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-coi-2023-03-31",
    "documentId": "anthropic-coi-2023-03-31",
    "title": "Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Anthropic, PBC (filed 2023-03-31)",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic, PBC"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic, PBC (filed with the Delaware Division of Corporations)",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2023-03-31",
    "version": "Filed 2023-03-31 according to the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (file number 4860621); 24-page scan. Delaware-stamped scan published by AI Lab Watch in a shared Google Drive folder (linked from its post of 12 June 2024, which says the filings were obtained from the State of Delaware); downloaded directly on 2026-10-04 and read from page images, as the PDF has no text layer. The Internet Archive holds no capture of this file and no new capture was requested. Authenticity rests on the filing stamp and the consistent recitals of later certificates; no copy was obtained from the Division of Corporations.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i8Itsv7v7t32lQgzNRqiiO9j5HqSMUVj/view",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i8Itsv7v7t32lQgzNRqiiO9j5HqSMUVj/view",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Estimate: 24 pages of dense typescript at roughly 450 words a page, from the page images (the scan has no text layer)",
      "count": 10800
    },
    "kind": "filing",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, PBC, amended and restated certificate of incorporation (filed 2023-03-31), copy published by AI Lab Watch.",
      "licence": "Public filing; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21",
    "documentId": "anthropic-coi-2023-09-21",
    "title": "Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Anthropic, PBC (filed 2023-09-21)",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic, PBC"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic, PBC (filed with the Delaware Division of Corporations)",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2023-09-21",
    "version": "Filed 2023-09-21 according to the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (file number 4860621); 24-page scan. Delaware-stamped scan published by AI Lab Watch in a shared Google Drive folder (linked from its post of 12 June 2024, which says the filings were obtained from the State of Delaware); downloaded directly on 2026-10-04 and read from page images, as the PDF has no text layer. The Internet Archive holds no capture of this file and no new capture was requested. Authenticity rests on the filing stamp and the consistent recitals of later certificates; no copy was obtained from the Division of Corporations.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1keKQ1bSWMICL9VbYa2llQRXO0tBc0YKd/view",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1keKQ1bSWMICL9VbYa2llQRXO0tBc0YKd/view",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Estimate: 24 pages of dense typescript at roughly 450 words a page, from the page images (the scan has no text layer)",
      "count": 10800
    },
    "kind": "filing",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, PBC, amended and restated certificate of incorporation (filed 2023-09-21), copy published by AI Lab Watch.",
      "licence": "Public filing; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29",
    "documentId": "anthropic-coi-2024-01-29",
    "title": "Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Anthropic, PBC (filed 2024-01-29)",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic, PBC"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic, PBC (filed with the Delaware Division of Corporations)",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2024-01-29",
    "version": "Filed 2024-01-29 according to the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (file number 4860621); 26-page scan. Delaware-stamped scan published by AI Lab Watch in a shared Google Drive folder (linked from its post of 12 June 2024, which says the filings were obtained from the State of Delaware); downloaded directly on 2026-10-04 and read from page images, as the PDF has no text layer. The Internet Archive holds no capture of this file and no new capture was requested. Authenticity rests on the filing stamp and the consistent recitals of later certificates; no copy was obtained from the Division of Corporations.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TDPOkwshy__4eRVofr5LDyD_osoKusve/view",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TDPOkwshy__4eRVofr5LDyD_osoKusve/view",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Estimate: 26 pages of dense typescript at roughly 450 words a page, from the page images (the scan has no text layer)",
      "count": 11700
    },
    "kind": "filing",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, PBC, amended and restated certificate of incorporation (filed 2024-01-29), copy published by AI Lab Watch.",
      "licence": "Public filing; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-coi-2025-07-03",
    "documentId": "anthropic-coi-2025-07-03",
    "title": "Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Anthropic, PBC (filed 2025-07-03)",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic, PBC"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic, PBC (filed with the Delaware Division of Corporations)",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2025-07-03",
    "version": "Filed 2025-07-03 according to the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (file number 4860621); 26-page scan. Delaware-stamped scan published by AI Lab Watch in a shared Google Drive folder (linked from its post of 12 June 2024, which says the filings were obtained from the State of Delaware); downloaded directly on 2026-10-04 and read from page images, as the PDF has no text layer. The Internet Archive holds no capture of this file and no new capture was requested. Authenticity rests on the filing stamp and the consistent recitals of later certificates; no copy was obtained from the Division of Corporations.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yeFKDaHN-3o7Zruvd-72De1H1K20Crsh/view",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yeFKDaHN-3o7Zruvd-72De1H1K20Crsh/view",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Estimate: 26 pages of dense typescript at roughly 450 words a page, from the page images (the scan has no text layer)",
      "count": 11700
    },
    "kind": "filing",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, PBC, amended and restated certificate of incorporation (filed 2025-07-03), copy published by AI Lab Watch.",
      "licence": "Public filing; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-cto-2025",
    "title": "Rahul Patil joins Anthropic as Chief Technology Officer",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2025-10-07",
    "version": "Page inspected 2026-09-19; historical statements are scoped to their source, not treated as current appointments.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/rahul-patil-joins-anthropic",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/rahul-patil-joins-anthropic",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate: words in text blocks of ten or more words in the retrieved text layer (navigation and menus excluded); counted for the lab genealogy pack on 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 382
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Rahul Patil joins Anthropic as Chief Technology Officer (2025-10-07)",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; no full source or personal contact details redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-eu-code-2025",
    "title": "Anthropic to sign the EU Code of Practice",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2025-07-21",
    "version": "Web page dated Jul 21, 2025, inspected live 2026-10-04; an Internet Archive capture of 2025-07-21 exists and was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/eu-code-practice",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/eu-code-practice",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250721093914/https://www.anthropic.com/news/eu-code-practice",
    "archivedAt": "2025-07-21",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text of the web page",
      "count": 473
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Anthropic to sign the EU Code of Practice (21 July 2025).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-fcf-announcement",
    "title": "Sharing our compliance framework for California's Transparency in Frontier AI Act",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2025-12-19",
    "version": "Web page dated Dec 19, 2025, inspected live 2026-10-04; quote also matched in the 2025-12-28 capture",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/compliance-framework-SB53",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/compliance-framework-SB53",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251228124116/https://www.anthropic.com/news/compliance-framework-SB53",
    "archivedAt": "2025-12-28",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text of the web page from headline to before 'Related content'",
      "count": 706
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Sharing our compliance framework for California's Transparency in Frontier AI Act.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-google-2023",
    "title": "Anthropic partners with Google Cloud",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2023-02-03",
    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-partners-with-google-cloud",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-partners-with-google-cloud",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Anthropic partners with Google Cloud (2023-02-03).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-google-broadcom-2026",
    "title": "Anthropic expands partnership with Google and Broadcom for multiple gigawatts of next-generation compute",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2026-04-06",
    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/google-broadcom-partnership-compute",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/google-broadcom-partnership-compute",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words in the article body on the inspected page, so navigation, related-content teasers and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 337
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Anthropic expands partnership with Google and Broadcom for multiple gigawatts of next-generation compute (2026-04-06).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-google-tpu-2025",
    "title": "Expanding our use of Google Cloud TPUs and Services",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2025-10-23",
    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/expanding-our-use-of-google-cloud-tpus-and-services",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/expanding-our-use-of-google-cloud-tpus-and-services",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words in the article body on the inspected page, so navigation, related-content teasers and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 349
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Expanding our use of Google Cloud TPUs and Services (2025-10-23).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-hastings-2025",
    "title": "Reed Hastings appointed to Anthropic’s board of directors",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2025-05-28",
    "version": "Web page dated May 28, 2025, inspected live 2026-10-04; an Internet Archive capture of 2025-05-28 exists and was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/reed-hastings",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/reed-hastings",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250528163732/https://www.anthropic.com/news/reed-hastings",
    "archivedAt": "2025-05-28",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text of the web page",
      "count": 685
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Reed Hastings appointed to Anthropic’s board of directors (28 May 2025).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-kreps-2024",
    "title": "Jay Kreps appointed to Anthropic's Board of Directors",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2024-05-29",
    "version": "Web page dated May 29, 2024, inspected live 2026-10-04; an Internet Archive capture of 2024-05-29 exists and was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/jay-kreps-appointed-to-board-of-directors",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/jay-kreps-appointed-to-board-of-directors",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240529183159/https://www.anthropic.com/news/jay-kreps-appointed-to-board-of-directors",
    "archivedAt": "2024-05-29",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text of the web page",
      "count": 650
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Jay Kreps appointed to Anthropic's Board of Directors (29 May 2024).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-ltbt-2023",
    "documentId": "anthropic-ltbt-announcement-2023",
    "title": "The Long-Term Benefit Trust",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2023-09-19",
    "version": "Web page dated Sep 19, 2023, inspected live 2026-10-04 at its current address; quotes also matched in the Internet Archive capture of 2023-09-25 at the original address. The live page adds an undated footnote on later changes in the Trust’s membership.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-long-term-benefit-trust",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-long-term-benefit-trust",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230925170803/https://www.anthropic.com/index/the-long-term-benefit-trust",
    "archivedAt": "2023-09-25",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text of the 2023-09-25 capture from the first paragraph to the end of the post",
      "count": 1937
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, The Long-Term Benefit Trust (19 September 2023).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-narasimhan-2026",
    "title": "Long-Term Benefit Trust appoints Vas Narasimhan to Board of Directors",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2026-04-14",
    "version": "Web page dated Apr 14, 2026, inspected live 2026-10-04; the board-majority sentence also matched in the Internet Archive capture of 2026-04-14 (17:37 UTC).",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/narasimhan-board",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/narasimhan-board",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260414173745/https://www.anthropic.com/news/narasimhan-board",
    "archivedAt": "2026-04-14",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text of the web page",
      "count": 730
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Long-Term Benefit Trust appoints Vas Narasimhan to Board of Directors (14 April 2026).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-reinvent-2024",
    "title": "Leverage Anthropic’s Claude models for AI’s evolving landscape",
    "authors": [
      "Maggie Vo",
      "Elie Schoppik"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Vo",
        "given": "Maggie"
      },
      {
        "family": "Schoppik",
        "given": "Elie"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic / AWS re:Invent",
    "publicationDate": "2024",
    "version": "AIM123-S; 2024 deck as identified by copyright and event path. PDF page 6 contains founder rows. No exact presentation or upload date inferred.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://d1.awsstatic.com/onedam/marketing-channels/website/aws/en_US/events/approved/reinvent-2025/reinvent/2024/slides/aim/AIM123-S_Leverage-Anthropics-Claude-models-for-AIs-evolving-landscape-sponsored-by-Anthropic.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://d1.awsstatic.com/onedam/marketing-channels/website/aws/en_US/events/approved/reinvent-2025/reinvent/2024/slides/aim/AIM123-S_Leverage-Anthropics-Claude-models-for-AIs-evolving-landscape-sponsored-by-Anthropic.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate: words in text blocks of ten or more words in the retrieved text layer (navigation and menus excluded); counted for the lab genealogy pack on 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 1129
    },
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-18",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Maggie Vo; Elie Schoppik, Leverage Anthropic’s Claude models for AI’s evolving landscape (2024).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-rsp-officers-2024",
    "title": "Announcing our updated Responsible Scaling Policy",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2024-10-15",
    "version": "Page inspected 2026-09-19; historical statements are scoped to their source, not treated as current appointments.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/announcing-our-updated-responsible-scaling-policy",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/announcing-our-updated-responsible-scaling-policy",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241020211824/https://www.anthropic.com/news/announcing-our-updated-responsible-scaling-policy",
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    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Announcing our updated Responsible Scaling Policy (2024-10-15)",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; no full source or personal contact details redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-series-a",
    "title": "Anthropic raises $124 million to build more reliable, general AI systems",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2021-05-28",
    "version": "Dated page, inspected at retrieval",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-raises-124-million-to-build-more-reliable-general-ai-systems",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-raises-124-million-to-build-more-reliable-general-ai-systems",
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 434
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-17",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Anthropic raises $124 million to build more reliable, general AI systems (2021-05-28).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-series-b-2022",
    "title": "Anthropic Raises Series B to build steerable, interpretable, robust AI systems",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publicationDate": "2022-04-29",
    "version": "Dated announcement; retrospective founding year stated in body.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-raises-series-b-to-build-safe-reliable-ai",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/anthropic-raises-series-b-to-build-safe-reliable-ai",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate: words in text blocks of ten or more words in the retrieved text layer (navigation and menus excluded); counted for the lab genealogy pack on 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 536
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-18",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Anthropic Raises Series B to build steerable, interpretable, robust AI systems (2022-04-29).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-anthropic-voluntary-commitments-2026",
    "title": "Voluntary Commitments (Transparency Hub)",
    "authors": [
      "Anthropic"
    ],
    "publisher": "Anthropic",
    "publisherId": "anthropic",
    "publicationDate": null,
    "version": "Changing web page in Anthropic’s Transparency Hub; the inspected version is marked “Last updated July 23, 2026”, inspected live 2026-10-04. The page has been captured since March 2025; its first publication date is not established. The quoted passage and the “Last updated” line also match the Internet Archive capture of 2026-09-29 (20:14 UTC).",
    "versionDate": "2026-07-23",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/transparency/voluntary-commitments",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.anthropic.com/transparency/voluntary-commitments",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260929201432/https://www.anthropic.com/transparency/voluntary-commitments",
    "archivedAt": "2026-09-29",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Page text of the live version from “Last updated” to the end of the last commitments list, before the archived-content links",
      "count": 7345
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Anthropic, Voluntary Commitments, Transparency Hub (version last updated 23 July 2026).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-arbital-context-disaster",
    "documentId": "arbital-context-disaster",
    "title": "Context disaster (Arbital, GreaterWrong viewer)",
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      "Eliezer Yudkowsky"
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    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Yudkowsky",
        "given": "Eliezer"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Arbital",
    "publicationDate": "2015-06-08",
    "version": "Current viewer page, retrieved 2026-10-06; it is generated dynamically, so its bytes differ from the 1996–2022 candidate search’s retrieval while the quoted text matches. Read through the GreaterWrong Arbital viewer.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://arbital.greaterwrong.com/p/context_disaster/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://arbital.greaterwrong.com/p/context_disaster/",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the page text shown by the viewer; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 6780
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, \"Context disaster\", Arbital.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-arbital-instrumental-convergence",
    "documentId": "arbital-instrumental-convergence",
    "title": "Instrumental convergence",
    "authors": [
      "Eliezer Yudkowsky"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Yudkowsky",
        "given": "Eliezer"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Arbital",
    "publicationDate": "2015-07-16",
    "version": "Arbital (GreaterWrong viewer), retrieved 2026-10-06 (SHA-256 8a5f55b91714900b0d9c2edd75782888533dab34f231c6c9619cd95cdb2d0b36). Viewer shows \"16 Jul 2015\", probably the creation date; the body says \"As of 2016\" and uses later terminology, so at least part of the cached wording postdates 2015.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://arbital.greaterwrong.com/p/instrumental_convergence/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://arbital.greaterwrong.com/p/instrumental_convergence/",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate page length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the viewer page retrieved 2026-10-06 (SHA-256 recorded in the pack); counted 2026-10-08.",
      "count": 5614
    },
    "kind": "article",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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    "documentWords": {
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      "attribution": "California Legislature, Labor Code § 1107.1 (codified section, California Law).",
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-calmatters-openai-2025",
    "title": "OpenAI just cut a deal with California. Critics say it’s full of holes",
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      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
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  {
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      "Sergio Pastorello"
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    ],
    "publisher": "American Economic Review 110(10), 2020, pp. 3267–97",
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      "basis": "Estimated at admission from the 31 printed pages (3267–3297) at 400 words a page; abstract page only; the article length was not measured.",
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      "attribution": "Emilio Calvano, Giacomo Calzolari, Vincenzo Denicolò, Sergio Pastorello, “Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Pricing, and Collusion”, American Economic Review 110(10), 2020, pp. 3267–97, 2020-10.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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  },
  {
    "id": "source-catai-2001-capture",
    "documentId": "coding-a-transhuman-ai",
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    ],
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      "attribution": "Eliezer S. Yudkowsky, \"Coding a Transhuman AI\" (temporary edition, as captured 2001-01-26).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
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    ],
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      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, Creating Friendly AI 1.0 (Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 2001).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-cfai-2001-challenge-html",
    "documentId": "creating-friendly-ai-2001",
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      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, Creating Friendly AI 1.0 (Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 2001).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-cfai-2001-glossary-html",
    "documentId": "creating-friendly-ai-2001",
    "title": "Creating Friendly AI 1.0, glossary (2001 HTML edition)",
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      "Eliezer Yudkowsky"
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    "canonicalUrl": "http://singinst.org/CFAI/info/glossary.html",
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    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, Creating Friendly AI 1.0 (Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 2001), glossary.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-cfai-2001-policy-html",
    "documentId": "creating-friendly-ai-2001",
    "title": "Creating Friendly AI 1.0, section 6: Policy implications (2001 HTML edition)",
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      "Eliezer Yudkowsky"
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      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, Creating Friendly AI 1.0 (Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 2001).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-cfai-2001-seed-html",
    "documentId": "creating-friendly-ai-2001",
    "title": "Creating Friendly AI 1.0, section 3.3: Seed AI goal systems (2001 HTML edition)",
    "authors": [
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    "publicationDate": "2001-06-15",
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    "canonicalUrl": "http://singinst.org/CFAI/design/seed.html",
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    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, Creating Friendly AI 1.0 (Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 2001).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-cfai-miri-reprint",
    "documentId": "creating-friendly-ai-2001",
    "title": "Creating Friendly AI 1.0 (MIRI reprint)",
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      "Eliezer Yudkowsky"
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      {
        "family": "Yudkowsky",
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    ],
    "publisher": "Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence",
    "publicationDate": "2001-06-15",
    "version": "Singularity Institute, MIRI reprint, retrieved 2026-10-06 (SHA-256 51f21b8b70c2b7324c20de85edea40b2ef224cadff56ef7e0a3aa2a08dba2752). Release date from the reprint; an open-commentary version was announced on SL4 on 2001-04-18, so some wording may be earlier than this date. Reprint wording is not authenticated for 2001 unless a capture was compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://intelligence.org/files/CFAI.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://intelligence.org/files/CFAI.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate length: words in text blocks of ten or more words in the PDF text layer of the reprint retrieved 2026-10-06 (SHA-256 recorded in the pack); counted 2026-10-08.",
      "count": 120637
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    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Eliezer Yudkowsky, “Creating Friendly AI 1.0 (MIRI reprint)”, Singularity Institute, MIRI reprint, 2001-06-15.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-chalmers-singularity",
    "documentId": "chalmers-singularity",
    "title": "The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis",
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      "David J. Chalmers"
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      {
        "family": "Chalmers",
        "given": "David J."
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    "publisher": "Journal of Consciousness Studies",
    "publicationDate": "2010",
    "version": "Author-hosted 56-page expression; first-page footnote identifies 2010 journal publication, volume 17, pp. 7–65. Revision date unknown; PDF pagination differs from journal pagination.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://consc.net/papers/singularity.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://consc.net/papers/singularity.pdf",
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    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-20",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "David J. Chalmers, The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis (2010).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; no full source, personal contact details or dataset imported."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-christiano-2018-minimal-circuits-daemon-free",
    "documentId": "christiano-2018-minimal-circuits-daemon-free",
    "title": "Open question: are minimal circuits daemon-free?",
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      "Paul Christiano"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Christiano",
        "given": "Paul"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Alignment Forum and LessWrong",
    "publicationDate": "2018-05-05",
    "version": "Text checked in the post’s first stored version through the LessWrong GraphQL API on 2026-10-06; content version 1.0.0, never edited.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/nyCHnY7T5PHPLjxmN/open-question-are-minimal-circuits-daemon-free",
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the post body as stored at its first version; counted 2026-10-06.",
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    },
    "kind": "post",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Paul Christiano, \"Open question: are minimal circuits daemon-free?\", Alignment Forum and LessWrong, 2018-05-05.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-christiano-2018-takeoff-speeds",
    "documentId": "christiano-2018-takeoff-speeds",
    "title": "Takeoff speeds",
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    "id": "source-cma-microsoft-openai-2025",
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    "id": "source-cn-alibaba-budget",
    "title": "阿里未來三年投入至少3,800億元人民幣用於AI和雲計算基礎設施",
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    "id": "source-cn-alibaba-qwen3",
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      "attribution": "Alibaba Group corporate announcements, March 28 and May 18, 2023.",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only."
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    "id": "source-cn-alibaba-results",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only."
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    "id": "source-cn-chatglm",
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    "version": "Source language: English (en). arXiv:2406.12793v1; joint Zhipu AI / Tsinghua University affiliation.",
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
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    "title": "GLM-4.5 — 模型介绍",
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    "id": "source-cn-keg-search",
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      "licence": "No redistribution licence asserted for this source expression",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; model licensing is distinct from source-document reuse."
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    "id": "source-cn-liang-interview",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; model licensing is distinct from source-document reuse."
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  },
  {
    "id": "source-cn-qwen",
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      "Xiaodong Deng",
      "Yang Fan",
      "Wenbin Ge",
      "Yu Han",
      "Fei Huang",
      "Binyuan Hui",
      "Luo Ji",
      "Mei Li",
      "Junyang Lin",
      "Runji Lin",
      "Dayiheng Liu",
      "Gao Liu",
      "Chengqiang Lu",
      "Keming Lu",
      "Jianxin Ma",
      "Rui Men",
      "Xingzhang Ren",
      "Xuancheng Ren",
      "Chuanqi Tan",
      "Sinan Tan",
      "Jianhong Tu",
      "Peng Wang",
      "Shijie Wang",
      "Wei Wang",
      "Shengguang Wu",
      "Benfeng Xu",
      "Jin Xu",
      "An Yang",
      "Hao Yang",
      "Jian Yang",
      "Shusheng Yang",
      "Yang Yao",
      "Bowen Yu",
      "Hongyi Yuan",
      "Zheng Yuan",
      "Jianwei Zhang",
      "Xingxuan Zhang",
      "Yichang Zhang",
      "Zhenru Zhang",
      "Chang Zhou",
      "Jingren Zhou",
      "Xiaohuan Zhou",
      "Tianhang Zhu"
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      {
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      {
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      {
        "family": "Han",
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      {
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      {
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        "given": "Luo"
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      {
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        "given": "Mei"
      },
      {
        "family": "Lin",
        "given": "Junyang"
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      {
        "family": "Lin",
        "given": "Runji"
      },
      {
        "family": "Liu",
        "given": "Dayiheng"
      },
      {
        "family": "Liu",
        "given": "Gao"
      },
      {
        "family": "Lu",
        "given": "Chengqiang"
      },
      {
        "family": "Lu",
        "given": "Keming"
      },
      {
        "family": "Ma",
        "given": "Jianxin"
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      {
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      },
      {
        "family": "Ren",
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      {
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        "given": "Shijie"
      },
      {
        "family": "Wang",
        "given": "Wei"
      },
      {
        "family": "Wu",
        "given": "Shengguang"
      },
      {
        "family": "Xu",
        "given": "Benfeng"
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        "family": "Xu",
        "given": "Jin"
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        "given": "An"
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      {
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      {
        "family": "Yang",
        "given": "Jian"
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      {
        "family": "Yang",
        "given": "Shusheng"
      },
      {
        "family": "Yao",
        "given": "Yang"
      },
      {
        "family": "Yu",
        "given": "Bowen"
      },
      {
        "family": "Yuan",
        "given": "Hongyi"
      },
      {
        "family": "Yuan",
        "given": "Zheng"
      },
      {
        "family": "Zhang",
        "given": "Jianwei"
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    "id": "source-coreweave-openai-2025",
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    "id": "source-coreweave-q1-2025",
    "title": "CoreWeave Form 10-Q, quarter ended March 31, 2025",
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  {
    "id": "source-cowen-2019-neglected-open-questions",
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    "id": "source-debate-paper-v1",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; source publications and personal contact details are not redistributed."
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    "id": "source-deepmind-combination",
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      "attribution": "Google DeepMind, Announcing Google DeepMind (2023-04-20).",
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  {
    "id": "source-delaware-ag-openai-2025",
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
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    "id": "source-diebold-1955-automation-condensation",
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      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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  {
    "id": "source-eder-1994-sandberg-relay",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases only: the text survives only in a third party’s relay. Phrases in quotation marks inside a paraphrase identify the source's wording."
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      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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  {
    "id": "source-employment-impact-of-technological-change-1966",
    "documentId": "employment-impact-of-technological-change-1966",
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      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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    "id": "source-eoc-1997-chapter-11",
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      "attribution": "K. Eric Drexler, Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology (1986), Foresight Institute web edition.",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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    "version": "Web edition page as captured by the Internet Archive on 1997-07-09 (timestamp 19970709112142); it carries the notice \"Copyright 1986, K. Eric Drexler\". Retrieved 2026-10-06.",
    "canonicalUrl": "http://www.foresight.org/EOC/EOC_Chapter_5.html",
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate page length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the retrieved page, so navigation and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-06.",
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      "attribution": "K. Eric Drexler, Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology (1986), Foresight Institute web edition.",
      "licence": "All rights reserved, according to the page’s copyright notice.",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-eoc-1997-references",
    "documentId": "drexler-1986-engines-of-creation",
    "title": "Engines of Creation, notes and references (web edition)",
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      "K. Eric Drexler"
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    "publisher": "Foresight Institute (web edition of Engines of Creation)",
    "publicationDate": "1986",
    "version": "Web edition page as captured by the Internet Archive on 1997-07-09 (timestamp 19970709104746); it carries the notice \"Copyright 1986, K. Eric Drexler\". Retrieved 2026-10-06.",
    "canonicalUrl": "http://www.foresight.org/EOC/EOC_References.html",
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      "basis": "Approximate page length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the retrieved page, so navigation and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-06.",
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      "attribution": "K. Eric Drexler, Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology (1986), Foresight Institute web edition.",
      "licence": "All rights reserved, according to the page’s copyright notice.",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
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    "id": "source-erdil-besiroglu-2023-explosive-growth-review",
    "documentId": "erdil-besiroglu-2023-explosive-growth-review",
    "title": "Explosive growth from AI automation: A review of the arguments",
    "authors": [
      "Ege Erdil",
      "Tamay Besiroglu"
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    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Erdil",
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        "family": "Besiroglu",
        "given": "Tamay"
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    "publisher": "arXiv:2309.11690 [econ.GN]",
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      "attribution": "Ege Erdil, Tamay Besiroglu, “Explosive growth from AI automation: A review of the arguments”, arXiv:2309.11690 [econ.GN], 2023-10-01.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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  {
    "id": "source-erewhon-1872-scan",
    "documentId": "erewhon-1872",
    "title": "Erewhon, or Over the Range",
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    "publisher": "Trübner & Co.",
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      "count": 71726
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    "kind": "article",
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    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "[Samuel Butler], Erewhon, or Over the Range (London: Trübner & Co., 1872), Internet Archive scan.",
      "licence": "Public domain (published 1872; the author died in 1902).",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each) under Selekoa’s quotation policy. Public-domain text."
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  {
    "id": "source-erewhon-1901-gutenberg",
    "documentId": "butler-1863-darwin-among-machines",
    "title": "Erewhon, or Over the Range (revised edition, with the prefaces of 1872 and 1901)",
    "authors": [
      "Samuel Butler"
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      "count": 87274
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    "kind": "article",
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    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Samuel Butler, Erewhon (revised edition, 1901), Project Gutenberg e-text 1906.",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each) under Selekoa’s quotation policy. Public-domain text."
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    "title": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act)",
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    "publisher": "Official Journal of the European Union (EUR-Lex)",
    "publisherId": "european-parliament-and-council",
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    "canonicalUrl": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L_202401689",
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      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words of the full Official Journal HTML text (recitals, articles, annexes and footnotes), counted 2026-10-10",
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    "accessedAt": "2026-10-10",
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      "attribution": "European Parliament and Council of the European Union, Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act), Official Journal L, 12.7.2024.",
      "licence": "Official legal text; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-eu-code-copyright-chapter",
    "documentId": "gpai-code-of-practice-2025",
    "title": "General-Purpose AI Code of Practice: Copyright Chapter",
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      "European Commission (chapter chairs as named in the document)"
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    "publisherId": "european-commission",
    "publicationDate": "2025-07-10",
    "version": "PDF retrieved 2026-10-11 from the Commission download address (SHA-1 433852a5f3bf16902d2f1924c68cbeceb9dba21a). The Code page gives 10 July 2025 as the publication date of the Code; the PDF carries no date. No archive capture is cited: the Internet Archive refused lookup requests (HTTP 429) on 2026-10-11, so none was checked.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118115",
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      "attribution": "European Commission, General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, Copyright Chapter (10 July 2025).",
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
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    "version": "Press release marked “Publication 10 July 2025”, inspected live 2026-10-04; an Internet Archive capture of 2025-07-10 exists and was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/general-purpose-ai-code-practice-now-available",
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      "basis": "Article text of the press release",
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      "attribution": "European Commission, General-Purpose AI Code of Practice now available (10 July 2025).",
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-eu-code-page",
    "title": "The General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (Commission page with the list of signatories)",
    "authors": [
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    "publicationDate": null,
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    "canonicalUrl": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/contents-code-gpai",
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    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250801130439/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/contents-code-gpai",
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    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "European Commission, The General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (policy page).",
      "licence": "European Union; quoted briefly under the editorial policy",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
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    "id": "source-eu-code-page-taskforce",
    "title": "The General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (Commission policy page)",
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    "publisherId": "european-commission",
    "publicationDate": null,
    "version": "Live page retrieved 2026-10-11; its Last update field reads 7 October 2026. It is the page that earlier records cite in the version of 31 July 2026. No archive capture is cited: the Internet Archive refused lookup requests (HTTP 429) on 2026-10-11, so none was checked.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/contents-code-gpai",
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words of the page text, counted 2026-10-11",
      "count": 721
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    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-11",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "European Commission, The General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (policy page).",
      "licence": "Official document; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-eu-code-safety-security",
    "documentId": "gpai-code-of-practice-2025",
    "title": "General-Purpose AI Code of Practice: Safety and Security chapter (final version, 10 July 2025)",
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    "publisher": "European Commission (AI Office)",
    "publisherId": "european-commission",
    "publicationDate": "2025-07-10",
    "version": "PDF served by the Commission on 2026-10-04 (a re-rendered file of 43 pages); it has the same 15,392 words as the Internet Archive capture of 2025-07-10 (10:58 UTC, 40 pages), with a different reading order on the cover page. Every quote matched in both expressions.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118119",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118119",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250710105829/https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118119",
    "archivedAt": "2025-07-10",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words of the PDF text layer",
      "count": 15392
    },
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, Safety and Security chapter (10 July 2025), published by the European Commission.",
      "licence": "European Union; quoted briefly under the editorial policy",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-eu-code-signing-qa",
    "title": "Signing the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice – Questions & Answers",
    "authors": [
      "European Commission"
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    "publisherId": "european-commission",
    "publicationDate": "2025-07-17",
    "version": "Questions and answers marked “Last update 17 July 2025”, inspected live 2026-10-04; an Internet Archive capture of 2025-07-17 exists and was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/faqs/signing-general-purpose-ai-code-practice",
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    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250717165024/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/faqs/signing-general-purpose-ai-code-practice",
    "archivedAt": "2025-07-17",
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "European Commission, Signing the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice – Questions & Answers.",
      "licence": "European Union",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-eu-code-transparency-chapter",
    "documentId": "gpai-code-of-practice-2025",
    "title": "General-Purpose AI Code of Practice: Transparency Chapter",
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    ],
    "publisher": "European Commission",
    "publisherId": "european-commission",
    "publicationDate": "2025-07-10",
    "version": "PDF retrieved 2026-10-11 from the Commission download address (SHA-1 d3b14e82fc376661ec8edbad5e57dc814b74fcd3). The Code page gives 10 July 2025 as the publication date of the Code; the PDF carries no date. No archive capture is cited: the Internet Archive refused lookup requests (HTTP 429) on 2026-10-11, so none was checked.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118120",
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words of the PDF text layer, counted 2026-10-11",
      "count": 1687
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    "kind": "filing",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-11",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "European Commission, General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, Transparency Chapter (10 July 2025).",
      "licence": "Official document; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-eu-commission-opinion-2025",
    "title": "Commission Opinion C(2025) 5361 on the assessment of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice",
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      "European Commission"
    ],
    "publisher": "European Commission",
    "publisherId": "european-commission",
    "publicationDate": "2025-08-01",
    "version": "PDF inspected 2026-10-04, byte-identical (SHA-1) to the Internet Archive capture of 2025-08-13.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118688",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118688",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250813092236/https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118688",
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words of the PDF text layer",
      "count": 5731
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    "kind": "filing",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "European Commission, Opinion C(2025) 5361 on the assessment of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (1 August 2025).",
      "licence": "European Union; quoted briefly under the editorial policy",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-eu-digital-omnibus-ai-2026",
    "documentId": "eu-digital-omnibus-ai-2026",
    "title": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 July 2026 amending Regulations (EU) 2024/1689, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2023/1230 as regards the simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI)",
    "authors": [
      "European Parliament and Council of the European Union"
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    "publisher": "Official Journal of the European Union (EUR-Lex)",
    "publisherId": "european-parliament-and-council",
    "publicationDate": "2026-07-24",
    "version": "Official Journal L series edition of 24.7.2026, English HTML, retrieved 2026-10-10. Its text was identical to that of the Internet Archive capture of 2026-07-28.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L_202601744",
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    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260728193314/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L_202601744",
    "archivedAt": "2026-07-28",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words of the full Official Journal HTML text (recitals, articles and footnotes), counted 2026-10-10",
      "count": 22806
    },
    "kind": "filing",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-10",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "European Parliament and Council of the European Union, Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), Official Journal L, 24.7.2026.",
      "licence": "Official legal text; no redistribution licence asserted",
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    "title": "Introducing Gemini: Google’s most capable AI model yet",
    "authors": [
      "Google"
    ],
    "publisher": "Google",
    "publicationDate": "2023-12-06",
    "version": "Launch article by Sundar Pichai and Demis Hassabis on behalf of the Gemini team; displayed article title is now Introducing Gemini: Google’s most capable AI model yet. December 13 update note concerns messaging apps.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/ai/google-gemini-ai/",
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    "kind": "announcement",
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    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Google, Introducing Gemini: our largest and most capable AI model (2023-12-06).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-gemini-report-v1",
    "title": "Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models",
    "authors": [
      "Gemini Team, Google"
    ],
    "publisher": "Gemini Team, Google",
    "publicationDate": "2023-12-19",
    "version": "Pinned arXiv 2312.11805v1, submitted 19 December 2023; section 3 inspected directly. The mutable DeepMind PDF is a later revision and is not the historical evidence.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11805v1",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11805v1",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Gemini Team, Google, Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models (2023-12-19).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-good",
    "title": "Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine",
    "authors": [
      "I. J. Good"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Good",
        "given": "I. J."
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Academic Press",
    "publicationDate": "1965",
    "version": "Scanned reprint, Advances in Computers volume 6, pp. 31–88. Repository metadata identifies ©1965; the mirror filename says 1966.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://gwern.net/doc/ai/1966-good.pdf",
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    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the UTF-8 text layer of the inspected PDF, including tables, notes and page furniture; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 26287
    },
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-17",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Academic Press, Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine (1965).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-good-catalogue",
    "title": "Repository record: Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine",
    "authors": [
      "Virginia Tech"
    ],
    "publisher": "Virginia Tech",
    "publicationDate": "2005-03-05",
    "version": "Metadata for technical report 05-3, issued 2005 and accessioned 2019. The notes identify the original as a 1965 reprint.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/items/5085379d-b24c-424e-8861-e70a47b4b2fb/full",
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    "language": "en",
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-17",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Virginia Tech, repository metadata for Technical Report No. 05-3.",
      "licence": "In Copyright (as stated in the repository record)",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata only; no full-text redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-google-combination-2023",
    "title": "Google DeepMind: Bringing together two world-class AI teams",
    "authors": [
      "Sundar Pichai"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Pichai",
        "given": "Sundar"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Google",
    "publicationDate": "2023-04-20",
    "version": "Dated staff-message recap announcing the combination and leadership roles.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/ai/april-ai-update/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://blog.google/innovation-and-ai/technology/ai/april-ai-update/",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-18",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Sundar Pichai, Google DeepMind: Bringing together two world-class AI teams (2023-04-20).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-google-eu-code-2025",
    "title": "We will sign the EU AI Code of Practice.",
    "authors": [
      "Kent Walker"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Walker",
        "given": "Kent"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Google (The Keyword)",
    "publisherId": "google",
    "publicationDate": "2025-07-30",
    "version": "Blog post dated Jul 30, 2025, inspected live 2026-10-04; an Internet Archive capture of 2025-07-30 exists and was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/eu-ai-code-practice/",
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    "language": "en",
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    "archivedAt": "2025-07-30",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text of the blog post",
      "count": 197
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    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Kent Walker, We will sign the EU AI Code of Practice., Google (30 July 2025).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-govai-rsp-v3",
    "title": "Anthropic’s RSP v3.0: How it Works, What’s Changed, and Some Reflections",
    "authors": [
      "Sophie Williams",
      "Jonas Freund"
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    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Williams",
        "given": "Sophie"
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      {
        "family": "Freund",
        "given": "Jonas"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Centre for the Governance of AI (GovAI)",
    "publicationDate": "2026-03-05",
    "version": "Dated analysis by Sophie Williams and Jonas Freund; GovAI states that its research blog posts represent the views of their authors rather than the organisation. The live page records an update on 17 March 2026, after the Internet Archive capture of 2026-03-06, adding sentences on Anthropic’s commitment to match competitors’ mitigations. The four quoted passages are unchanged: they match both the live page and the capture.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.governance.ai/analysis/anthropics-rsp-v3-0-how-it-works-whats-changed-and-some-reflections",
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    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260306121636/https://www.governance.ai/analysis/anthropics-rsp-v3-0-how-it-works-whats-changed-and-some-reflections",
    "archivedAt": "2026-03-06",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 3487
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Sophie Williams and Jonas Freund, GovAI, Anthropic’s RSP v3.0: How it Works, What’s Changed, and Some Reflections (2026-03-05).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-grace-2014-superintelligence-11",
    "documentId": "grace-2014-superintelligence-11",
    "title": "Superintelligence 11: The treacherous turn",
    "authors": [
      "Katja Grace"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Grace",
        "given": "Katja"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "LessWrong",
    "publicationDate": "2014-11-25",
    "version": "Text checked in the post’s first stored version through the LessWrong GraphQL API on 2026-10-06; content version 1.0.0.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/B39GNTsN3HocW8KFo/superintelligence-11-the-treacherous-turn",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/B39GNTsN3HocW8KFo/superintelligence-11-the-treacherous-turn",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20180612220909/https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/B39GNTsN3HocW8KFo/superintelligence-11-the-treacherous-turn",
    "archivedAt": "2018-06-12",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the post body as stored at its first version; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 1804
    },
    "kind": "post",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Katja Grace, \"Superintelligence 11: The treacherous turn\", LessWrong, 2014-11-25.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-grace-2014-superintelligence-reading-group",
    "documentId": "grace-2014-superintelligence-reading-group",
    "title": "Superintelligence reading group",
    "authors": [
      "Katja Grace"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Grace",
        "given": "Katja"
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    ],
    "publisher": "LessWrong",
    "publicationDate": "2014-08-31",
    "version": "Text checked in the post’s first stored version through the LessWrong GraphQL API on 2026-10-06; content version 1.0.0, never edited.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/QDmzDZ9CEHrKQdvcn/superintelligence-reading-group",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/QDmzDZ9CEHrKQdvcn/superintelligence-reading-group",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the post body as stored at its first version; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 661
    },
    "kind": "post",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Katja Grace, \"Superintelligence reading group\", LessWrong, 2014-08-31.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-gudeman-1991-awareness",
    "documentId": "gudeman-1991-awareness",
    "title": "Awareness (Usenet message)",
    "authors": [
      "David Gudeman"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Gudeman",
        "given": "David"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "comp.ai.philosophy (Usenet)",
    "publicationDate": "1991-11-27",
    "version": "Archive member nov.91/530 of 91_nov.tgz, retrieved 2026-10-06 with the hash recorded by the pre-1996 candidate search. The header date is as preserved; there is no independent capture of the message. CMU Artificial Intelligence Repository archive.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/util/pubs/news/comp.ai.philosophy/91_nov.tgz",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.cs.cmu.edu/Groups/AI/util/pubs/news/comp.ai.philosophy/91_nov.tgz",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the message body in the archive bundle, including quoted lines; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 712
    },
    "kind": "message",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "David Gudeman, \"Awareness\", comp.ai.philosophy, 1991-11-27.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-hanson-1994-uploads-web-reprint",
    "documentId": "hanson-1994-if-uploads-come-first",
    "title": "If Uploads Come First: The crack of a future dawn",
    "authors": [
      "Robin Hanson"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Hanson",
        "given": "Robin"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Extropy 6:2 (1994)",
    "publicationDate": "1994-03-08",
    "version": "Wayback capture of http://hanson.berkeley.edu/uploads.html; compared with the 2000 capture of the hanson.gmu.edu reprint. Capture retrieved 2026-10-08 (SHA-256 c34890e352bba48a521c5237afeeb8d5b2063b3091e46bae35270326b9dbaf61). Versions: Extropy 6:2 (print) (1994): not retrieved; web reprint, hanson.berkeley.edu (1994-03-08 date line): checked (1998-02-20 capture). Published version: Hanson, R. (1994). If uploads come first: The crack of a future dawn. Extropy, 6(2). Printed issue not retrieved; page numbers not checked.",
    "canonicalUrl": "http://hanson.berkeley.edu/uploads.html",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/19980220204707/http://hanson.berkeley.edu/uploads.html",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/19980220204707/http://hanson.berkeley.edu/uploads.html",
    "archivedAt": "1998-02-20",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "whitespace tokens of the reprint text without page navigation",
      "count": 7200
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-08",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Robin Hanson, “If Uploads Come First: The crack of a future dawn”, Extropy 6:2 (1994); web reprint on the author's site, 1994-03-08.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-hanson-1998-is-a-singularity-just-around-the-corner",
    "documentId": "hanson-1998-is-a-singularity-just-around-the-corner",
    "title": "Is a Singularity Just Around the Corner? What it takes to get explosive economic growth",
    "authors": [
      "Robin Hanson"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Hanson",
        "given": "Robin"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Journal of Transhumanism 2, June 1998",
    "publicationDate": "1998-06",
    "version": "Wayback capture 19990128001813 of the author-hosted page. Retrieved 2026-10-11. SHA-256 ed1990bc86053ac024cc6d7d78d6592379bd42275bc3ce3372344ed27afee004.",
    "canonicalUrl": "http://hanson.berkeley.edu/fastgrow.html",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/19990128001813/http://hanson.berkeley.edu/fastgrow.html",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/19990128001813/http://hanson.berkeley.edu/fastgrow.html",
    "archivedAt": "1999-01-28",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "text layer",
      "count": 3925
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-11",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Robin Hanson, “Is a Singularity Just Around the Corner? What it takes to get explosive economic growth”, Journal of Transhumanism 2, June 1998, 1998-06.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-hanson-1998-some-skepticism",
    "documentId": "hanson-1998-some-skepticism",
    "title": "Some Skepticism (comment in \"A Critical Discussion of Vinge's Singularity Concept\")",
    "authors": [
      "Robin Hanson"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Hanson",
        "given": "Robin"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Online symposium of comments on Vernor Vinge's singularity essay",
    "publicationDate": "1998-10",
    "version": "Wayback capture of http://hanson.gmu.edu/vc.html (2000-11-17); compared with the 2001-01-11 capture. Only Hanson's comment is quoted. Capture retrieved 2026-10-08 (SHA-256 e54a679e31374bf4cb71e49287f363be63976a4bb3f7d180e98f89bccd64cf2c). Published version: Hanson, R. (1998, October). Some skepticism. In A critical discussion of Vinge's singularity concept. Extropy Online. Venue as listed in the author's December 2000 vita; the Extropy Online page itself was not retrieved. Hosted on the author's site; the page carries \"©1998 by Robin Hanson\".",
    "canonicalUrl": "http://hanson.gmu.edu/vc.html",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20001117154900/http://hanson.gmu.edu/vc.html",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20001117154900/http://hanson.gmu.edu/vc.html",
    "archivedAt": "2000-11-17",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "whitespace tokens of Hanson's comment only, from its heading to its copyright line; the symposium page has about 16,000 words",
      "count": 1508
    },
    "kind": "post",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-08",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Robin Hanson, “Some Skepticism (comment in \"A Critical Discussion of Vinge's Singularity Concept\")”, Online symposium of comments on Vernor Vinge's singularity essay, hosted on the author's site; the page carries \"©1998 by Robin Hanson\", 1998-10.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-hanson-2000-long-term-growth-exponential-modes",
    "documentId": "hanson-2000-long-term-growth-exponential-modes",
    "title": "Long-Term Growth As A Sequence of Exponential Modes",
    "authors": [
      "Robin Hanson"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Hanson",
        "given": "Robin"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Working paper, George Mason University (submitted to Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization per the author's December 2000 vita)",
    "publicationDate": "2000-12",
    "version": "Wayback capture of http://hanson.gmu.edu/longgrow.pdf. Capture retrieved 2026-10-08 (SHA-256 bb301fd8c1b699aa30e04e80a3a06ebfedcd31a9658077a0a3898df305e3cf11). Versions: first version (1998-09 (title page)): not retrieved; working paper (2000-12): checked. Published version: Hanson, R. (2000). Long-term growth as a sequence of exponential modes [Working paper]. Department of Economics, George Mason University. No published version located (Crossref search 2026-10-10 found none).",
    "canonicalUrl": "http://hanson.gmu.edu/longgrow.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20011128144942/http://hanson.gmu.edu/longgrow.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20011128144942/http://hanson.gmu.edu/longgrow.pdf",
    "archivedAt": "2001-11-28",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "whitespace tokens of pdftotext output, 24 pages",
      "count": 7300
    },
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-08",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Robin Hanson, “Long-Term Growth As A Sequence of Exponential Modes”, Working paper, George Mason University (submitted to Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization per the author's December 2000 vita), 2000-12.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-hanson-2008-ai-go-foom-miri-2013",
    "documentId": "hanson-2008-ai-go-foom",
    "title": "AI Go Foom",
    "authors": [
      "Robin Hanson"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Hanson",
        "given": "Robin"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Machine Intelligence Research Institute, The Hanson-Yudkowsky AI-Foom Debate (2013)",
    "publicationDate": "2013",
    "version": "Chapter 10 of The Hanson-Yudkowsky AI-Foom Debate (Machine Intelligence Research Institute, 2013), which compiles the 2008 Overcoming Bias debate with later posts; the compilation heads the post with its date. Current MIRI PDF, retrieved 2026-10-11. SHA-256 6b6dfd0416402e1776d7ddcece95298df2df0ed9bc0bd4a6f4bd81c4b1e5102a.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://intelligence.org/files/AIFoomDebate.pdf",
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    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace tokens of the chapter in the compilation's text layer (pdftotext, copy retrieved 2026-10-16), from its heading to \"See original post for all comments\", including the comments the compilation reprints; counted at admission.",
      "count": 783
    },
    "kind": "post",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-11",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Robin Hanson, “AI Go Foom”, in Machine Intelligence Research Institute, The Hanson-Yudkowsky AI-Foom Debate (2013).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-hanson-2008-core-argument",
    "documentId": "hanson-2008-what-core-argument",
    "title": "What Core Argument?",
    "authors": [
      "Robin Hanson"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Hanson",
        "given": "Robin"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Overcoming Bias",
    "publicationDate": "2008-12",
    "version": "Current page on Substack, reached from the 2008 address and retrieved 2026-10-06; its bytes differ from the 1996–2022 candidate search’s retrieval while the quoted text matches.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.overcomingbias.com/p/what-core-argumenthtml",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.overcomingbias.com/2008/12/what-core-argument.html",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the article text of the retrieved page; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 653
    },
    "kind": "post",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Robin Hanson, \"What Core Argument?\", Overcoming Bias, December 2008.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-hanson-2008-emulations-go-foom-miri-2013",
    "documentId": "hanson-2008-emulations-go-foom",
    "title": "Emulations Go Foom",
    "authors": [
      "Robin Hanson"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Hanson",
        "given": "Robin"
      }
    ],
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      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-meta-faf-announcement",
    "title": "Our Approach to Frontier AI",
    "authors": [
      "Meta"
    ],
    "publisher": "Meta",
    "publisherId": "meta",
    "publicationDate": "2025-02-03",
    "version": "Dated newsroom post; the live page also shows an update date of April 20, 2026. Quotations are checked against the Internet Archive capture of 2025-02-03 and the live page.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://about.fb.com/news/2025/02/meta-approach-frontier-ai/",
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    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250203200742/https://about.fb.com/news/2025/02/meta-approach-frontier-ai/",
    "archivedAt": "2025-02-03",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 592
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-03",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Meta, Our Approach to Frontier AI (2025-02-03).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-meta-faf-v1-1",
    "documentId": "meta-faf-v1-1",
    "title": "Frontier AI Framework — Version 1.1",
    "authors": [
      "Meta"
    ],
    "publisher": "Meta",
    "publisherId": "meta",
    "publicationDate": "2025-02-03",
    "version": "Frontier AI Framework, Version 1.1, as captured by the Internet Archive on 2025-02-13, the earliest complete capture located. The original address has returned HTTP 500 since April 2026; a revised expression under the same label was captured from 2025-03-28 and is recorded separately.",
    "versionDate": "2025-02-03",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://ai.meta.com/static-resource/meta-frontier-ai-framework/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250213105620/https://ai.meta.com/static-resource/meta-frontier-ai-framework/",
    "language": "en",
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    "archivedAt": "2025-02-13",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the UTF-8 text layer of the inspected PDF, including tables, notes and page furniture; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 6459
    },
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-03",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Meta, Frontier AI Framework, Version 1.1 (2025).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-meta-faf-v1-1-revised",
    "documentId": "meta-faf-v1-1",
    "title": "Frontier AI Framework — Version 1.1 (revised expression)",
    "authors": [
      "Meta"
    ],
    "publisher": "Meta",
    "publisherId": "meta",
    "publicationDate": null,
    "version": "A later expression of the Frontier AI Framework still labelled Version 1.1, captured by the Internet Archive from 2025-03-28. Its wording differs from the 2025-02-13 capture in places, for example the scope sentence (“forthcoming models and systems that exceed” instead of “forthcoming most advanced models and systems that match or exceed”). No dated announcement of this revision was located.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://ai.meta.com/static-resource/meta-frontier-ai-framework/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250328093937/https://ai.meta.com/static-resource/meta-frontier-ai-framework/",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250328093937/https://ai.meta.com/static-resource/meta-frontier-ai-framework/",
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    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-03",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Meta, Frontier AI Framework, Version 1.1 (revised expression, 2025).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-meta-kaplan-eu-code-2025",
    "title": "Europe is heading down the wrong path on AI (LinkedIn post)",
    "authors": [
      "Joel Kaplan"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Kaplan",
        "given": "Joel"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "LinkedIn (post by Joel Kaplan of Meta)",
    "publicationDate": "2025-07-18",
    "version": "Public post page inspected 2026-10-04 without signing in; the page metadata gives datePublished 2025-07-18T11:00:05Z and the post is marked as edited. No archive copy is cited.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.linkedin.com/posts/joel-kaplan-63905618_europe-is-heading-down-the-wrong-path-on-activity-7351928745668055042-XuF7/",
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Text of the post",
      "count": 124
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Joel Kaplan, LinkedIn post of 18 July 2025.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-michie-1986-on-machine-intelligence",
    "documentId": "michie-1968-computer-servant-or-master",
    "title": "On Machine Intelligence, second edition (chapter 20, \"Computer—servant or master\")",
    "authors": [
      "Donald Michie"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Michie",
        "given": "Donald"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Ellis Horwood",
    "publicationDate": "1986",
    "version": "Scan of the 1986 second edition hosted by gwern.net; imprint page and chapter 20 read by the pre-1996 candidate search.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://gwern.net/doc/ai/1986-michie-onmachineintelligence.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://gwern.net/doc/ai/1986-michie-onmachineintelligence.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "book",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Donald Michie, On Machine Intelligence, 2nd edn (Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1986), chapter 20.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases only: the inspected scan is a third-party copy whose permission to host is not established. Phrases in quotation marks inside a paraphrase identify the source's wording."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-microsoft-partnership",
    "title": "Microsoft and OpenAI extend partnership",
    "authors": [
      "Microsoft"
    ],
    "publisher": "Microsoft",
    "publicationDate": "2023-01-23",
    "version": "Dated page, inspected at retrieval",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2023/01/23/microsoftandopenaiextendpartnership/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2023/01/23/microsoftandopenaiextendpartnership/",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 500
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-17",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Microsoft, Microsoft and OpenAI extend partnership (2023-01-23).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-minsky-1961-mit",
    "documentId": "minsky-1961-steps",
    "title": "Steps Toward Artificial Intelligence (MIT-hosted transcription)",
    "authors": [
      "Marvin Minsky"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Minsky",
        "given": "Marvin"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Proceedings of the IRE",
    "publicationDate": "1961-01",
    "version": "Later HTML transcription; introduction and summary of the argument read by the pre-1996 candidate search. Transcription hosted at web.mit.edu.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://web.mit.edu/dxh/www/marvin/web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/papers/steps.html",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://web.mit.edu/dxh/www/marvin/web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/papers/steps.html",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Marvin Minsky, \"Steps Toward Artificial Intelligence\", Proceedings of the IRE 49 (1961).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-miri-ml-agenda",
    "documentId": "miri-ml-agenda",
    "title": "Alignment for Advanced Machine Learning Systems",
    "authors": [
      "Jessica Taylor",
      "Eliezer Yudkowsky",
      "Patrick LaVictoire",
      "Andrew Critch"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Taylor",
        "given": "Jessica"
      },
      {
        "family": "Yudkowsky",
        "given": "Eliezer"
      },
      {
        "family": "LaVictoire",
        "given": "Patrick"
      },
      {
        "family": "Critch",
        "given": "Andrew"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Machine Intelligence Research Institute",
    "publicationDate": "2016",
    "version": "Publisher-hosted 25-page PDF inspected 2026-09-25. Work year corroborated by the 2016 announcement; PDF revision date unknown.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://intelligence.org/files/AlignmentMachineLearning.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://intelligence.org/files/AlignmentMachineLearning.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-25",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Jessica Taylor; Eliezer Yudkowsky; Patrick LaVictoire; Andrew Critch, Alignment for Advanced Machine Learning Systems.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; source publications and personal contact details are not redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-miri-ml-announcement",
    "title": "New paper: Alignment for advanced machine learning systems",
    "authors": [
      "Rob Bensinger"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Bensinger",
        "given": "Rob"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Machine Intelligence Research Institute",
    "publicationDate": "2016-07-27",
    "version": "Mutable publisher announcement displaying 2016-07-27; retrieved expression, not an authenticated historical capture.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://intelligence.org/2016/07/27/alignment-machine-learning/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://intelligence.org/2016/07/27/alignment-machine-learning/",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-25",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Rob Bensinger, New paper: Alignment for advanced machine learning systems.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; source publications and personal contact details are not redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-mokyr-vickers-ziebarth-2015-technological-anxiety",
    "documentId": "mokyr-vickers-ziebarth-2015-technological-anxiety",
    "title": "The History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth: Is This Time Different?",
    "authors": [
      "Joel Mokyr",
      "Chris Vickers",
      "Nicolas L. Ziebarth"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Mokyr",
        "given": "Joel"
      },
      {
        "family": "Vickers",
        "given": "Chris"
      },
      {
        "family": "Ziebarth",
        "given": "Nicolas L."
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Journal of Economic Perspectives 29(3), Summer 2015, pp. 31–50",
    "publicationDate": "2015",
    "version": "Abstract page only. Current copy retrieved directly on 2026-10-09; no archive capture (Wayback unreachable), so earlier bytes are not authenticated. SHA-256 6ffad3804a44a4e3c85eb91edf84948b9b54c39407ab05e4269e72526f772f09. Full text not retrieved; only the AEA abstract page. Mokyr, J., Vickers, C., & Ziebarth, N. L. (2015). The history of technological anxiety and the future of economic growth: Is this time different? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.31",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.29.3.31",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.29.3.31",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Estimated at admission from the 20 printed pages (31–50) at 400 words a page; abstract page only; the article length was not measured.",
      "count": 8000
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-09",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Joel Mokyr, Chris Vickers, Nicolas L. Ziebarth, “The History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth: Is This Time Different?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives 29(3), Summer 2015, pp. 31–50, 2015.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-moravec-1979-analog-html",
    "documentId": "moravec-1979-todays-computers",
    "title": "Today’s Computers, Intelligent Machines and Our Future",
    "authors": [
      "Hans Moravec"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Moravec",
        "given": "Hans"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Hans Moravec",
    "publicationDate": "1979-02",
    "version": "Author-hosted HTML in the directory general.articles/1978, retrieved 2026-10-06 (hash matched the pre-1996 candidate search); identical to the capture of 2001-07-10. Author’s project archive, Carnegie Mellon University.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/project.archive/general.articles/1978/analog.1978.html",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/project.archive/general.articles/1978/analog.1978.html",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20010710010808/http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu:80/~hpm/project.archive/general.articles/1978/analog.1978.html",
    "archivedAt": "2001-07-10",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate page length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the retrieved page, so navigation and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 10309
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Hans Moravec, \"Today’s Computers, Intelligent Machines and Our Future\", Analog 99 (2), February 1979.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-moravec-1989-takeover-file",
    "documentId": "moravec-1989-genetic-takeover",
    "title": "Human Culture—A Genetic Takeover Underway",
    "authors": [
      "Hans Moravec"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Moravec",
        "given": "Hans"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Hans Moravec",
    "publicationDate": "1989",
    "version": "Author-hosted LaTeX file dated July 1988, retrieved 2026-10-06 (hash matched the pre-1996 candidate search); identical to the capture of 2001-03-06. Author’s project archive, Carnegie Mellon University.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/project.archive/general.articles/1988/takeover.ltx",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/project.archive/general.articles/1988/takeover.ltx",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20010306111246/http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu:80/~hpm/project.archive/general.articles/1988/takeover.ltx",
    "archivedAt": "2001-03-06",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the retrieved plain-text file; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 14660
    },
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Hans Moravec, \"Human Culture—A Genetic Takeover Underway\", in Artificial Life (1989).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ms-fgf-2025",
    "documentId": "ms-fgf-2025",
    "title": "Frontier Governance Framework — Version 1 (February 2025)",
    "authors": [
      "Microsoft"
    ],
    "publisher": "Microsoft",
    "publisherId": "microsoft",
    "publicationDate": "2025-02",
    "version": "Frontier Governance Framework, Version 1 (February 2025); its change log reads “8 February 2025 – First version”. The file served at the recorded address (last modified 2025-02-12) is byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2025-02-26, the earliest located.",
    "versionDate": "2025-02-08",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft-Frontier-Governance-Framework.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft-Frontier-Governance-Framework.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250226161803/https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft-Frontier-Governance-Framework.pdf",
    "archivedAt": "2025-02-26",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the UTF-8 text layer of the inspected PDF, including tables, notes and page furniture; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 4224
    },
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-03",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Microsoft, Frontier Governance Framework, Version 1 (February 2025).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ms-fgf-2026",
    "documentId": "ms-fgf-2026",
    "title": "Frontier Governance Framework — February 2026",
    "authors": [
      "Microsoft"
    ],
    "publisher": "Microsoft",
    "publisherId": "microsoft",
    "publicationDate": null,
    "version": "Frontier Governance Framework, February 2026 edition (change log entry dated February 2026). The file served at the recorded address (last modified 2026-03-24) is byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2026-04-24, the earliest located; a separate publication date was not established.",
    "versionDate": "2026-02",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Frontier-Governance-Framework-Feb-2026.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Frontier-Governance-Framework-Feb-2026.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260424000716/https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Frontier-Governance-Framework-Feb-2026.pdf",
    "archivedAt": "2026-04-24",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the UTF-8 text layer of the inspected PDF, including tables, notes and page furniture; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 5085
    },
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-03",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Microsoft, Frontier Governance Framework (February 2026).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ms-openai-2019",
    "title": "OpenAI forms exclusive computing partnership with Microsoft to build new Azure AI supercomputing technologies",
    "authors": [
      "Microsoft"
    ],
    "publisher": "Microsoft",
    "publicationDate": "2019-07-22",
    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2019/07/22/openai-forms-exclusive-computing-partnership-with-microsoft-to-build-new-azure-ai-supercomputing-technologies/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2019/07/22/openai-forms-exclusive-computing-partnership-with-microsoft-to-build-new-azure-ai-supercomputing-technologies/",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Microsoft, OpenAI forms exclusive computing partnership with Microsoft to build new Azure AI supercomputing technologies (2019-07-22).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ms-openai-apr-2026",
    "title": "The next phase of the Microsoft-OpenAI partnership",
    "authors": [
      "Microsoft"
    ],
    "publisher": "Microsoft",
    "publicationDate": "2026-04-27",
    "version": "Retrieved publisher page displaying 2026-04-27; mutable expression, not an authenticated historical capture.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2026/04/27/the-next-phase-of-the-microsoft-openai-partnership/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2026/04/27/the-next-phase-of-the-microsoft-openai-partnership/",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-25",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Microsoft, The next phase of the Microsoft-OpenAI partnership.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and short attributed paraphrases; no redistribution of source documents."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ms-openai-jan-2025",
    "title": "Microsoft and OpenAI evolve partnership to drive the next phase of AI",
    "authors": [
      "Microsoft"
    ],
    "publisher": "Microsoft",
    "publicationDate": "2025-01-21",
    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/01/21/microsoft-and-openai-evolve-partnership-to-drive-the-next-phase-of-ai/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/01/21/microsoft-and-openai-evolve-partnership-to-drive-the-next-phase-of-ai/",
    "language": "en",
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Microsoft, Microsoft and OpenAI evolve partnership to drive the next phase of AI (2025-01-21).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ms-openai-oct-2025",
    "title": "The next chapter of the Microsoft–OpenAI partnership",
    "authors": [
      "Microsoft"
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    "publisher": "Microsoft",
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    "version": "Dated announcement inspected 2026-09-19; a historical company statement, not independent verification of implementation.",
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      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 515
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-19",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Microsoft, The next chapter of the Microsoft–OpenAI partnership (2025-10-28).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-mullainathan-spiess-2017-machine-learning-econometric",
    "documentId": "mullainathan-spiess-2017-machine-learning-econometric",
    "title": "Machine Learning: An Applied Econometric Approach",
    "authors": [
      "Sendhil Mullainathan",
      "Jann Spiess"
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    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Mullainathan",
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      {
        "family": "Spiess",
        "given": "Jann"
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    ],
    "publisher": "Journal of Economic Perspectives 31(2), Spring 2017, pp. 87–106",
    "publicationDate": "2017",
    "version": "Abstract page only. Current copy retrieved directly on 2026-10-09; no archive capture (Wayback unreachable), so earlier bytes are not authenticated. SHA-256 eedb655b363848852d4300eaa5009a52ca3f0b9d44e1724a3d4202ea98ac2ab3. Full text not retrieved; only the AEA abstract page. Mullainathan, S., & Spiess, J. (2017). Machine learning: An applied econometric approach. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 87–106. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.87",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.31.2.87",
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    "language": "en",
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      "basis": "Estimated at admission from the 20 printed pages (87–106) at 400 words a page; abstract page only; the article length was not measured.",
      "count": 8000
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-09",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Sendhil Mullainathan, Jann Spiess, “Machine Learning: An Applied Econometric Approach”, Journal of Economic Perspectives 31(2), Spring 2017, pp. 87–106, 2017.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-newhouse-1966-technological-change-in-banking",
    "documentId": "newhouse-1966-technological-change-in-banking",
    "title": "Technological Change in Banking",
    "authors": [
      "Joseph P. Newhouse"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Newhouse",
        "given": "Joseph P."
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    ],
    "publisher": "In The Employment Impact of Technological Change, Appendix Volume II (U.S. GPO, February 1966)",
    "publicationDate": "1966-02",
    "version": "Internet Archive OCR text (djvu.txt) of a scanned copy, retrieved 2026-10-09 from https://dn710704.ca.archive.org/0/items/ERICED022857/ERICED022857djvu.txt; OCR errors possible; quotes checked only against clean stretches. Current copy; no earlier capture compared. SHA-256 85b1fb59b997e8cbc0f7255076a55f68008955a2b10523b375ac0ae58628572c.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://archive.org/details/ERIC_ED022857",
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    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Joseph P. Newhouse, “Technological Change in Banking”, In The Employment Impact of Technological Change, Appendix Volume II (U.S. GPO, February 1966), 1966-02.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-nfpg-november-2025",
    "title": "Statement on OpenAI’s Restructuring (Not For Private Gain update, November 2025)",
    "authors": [
      "Page Hedley",
      "Tyler Whitmer",
      "Vivian Dong",
      "Nathan Calvin"
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    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Hedley",
        "given": "Page"
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      {
        "family": "Whitmer",
        "given": "Tyler"
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      {
        "family": "Dong",
        "given": "Vivian"
      },
      {
        "family": "Calvin",
        "given": "Nathan"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "Not For Private Gain",
    "publicationDate": "2025-11",
    "version": "Web page headed “Nov 2025”, inspected live 2026-10-04. The Internet Archive holds captures from 2025-11-03; the capture was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://notforprivategain.org/november-update",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://notforprivategain.org/november-update",
    "language": "en",
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    "archivedAt": "2025-11-03",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text from the statement heading to the signatures",
      "count": 4565
    },
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Page Hedley, Tyler Whitmer, Vivian Dong and Nathan Calvin, Statement on OpenAI’s Restructuring, Not For Private Gain (November 2025).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ng-amazon-2024",
    "title": "Dr. Andrew Ng appointed to Amazon’s Board of Directors",
    "authors": [
      "Amazon Staff"
    ],
    "publisher": "Amazon",
    "publicationDate": "2024-04-11",
    "version": "Dated appointment biography. The explicitly stated prior Google Brain leadership interval is used, not the Amazon appointment date.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/company-news/dr-andrew-ng-joins-amazon-board-of-directors",
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    "language": "en",
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-18",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Amazon Staff, Dr. Andrew Ng appointed to Amazon’s Board of Directors (2024-04-11).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-nilsson-1984-ai-employment-and-income",
    "documentId": "nilsson-1984-ai-employment-and-income",
    "title": "Artificial Intelligence, Employment, and Income",
    "authors": [
      "Nils J. Nilsson"
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    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Nilsson",
        "given": "Nils J."
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    ],
    "publisher": "AI Magazine 5(2), Summer 1984",
    "publicationDate": "1984",
    "version": "Full text (scanned, OCR text layer). Current copy retrieved directly on 2026-10-09; no archive capture (Wayback unreachable), so earlier bytes are not authenticated. SHA-256 4dc8b541e4bd22bbc54c146a7e8c748f9f16a835d1b256e026f521c4462d3418.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/433/369",
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    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "pdftotext text layer",
      "count": 8901
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-09",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Nils J. Nilsson, “Artificial Intelligence, Employment, and Income”, AI Magazine 5(2), Summer 1984, 1984.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-nist-us-aisi-leadership-2024",
    "title": "U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo Announces Expansion of U.S. AI Safety Institute Leadership Team",
    "authors": [
      "National Institute of Standards and Technology"
    ],
    "publisher": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
    "publicationDate": "2024-04-16",
    "version": "NIST news page whose footer reads “Released April 16, 2024, Updated April 8, 2026”, inspected 2026-10-15 in its current HTML. The scope of the 2026 update and the release-day text are not authenticated. The Department of Commerce release that the page links to refused retrieval (HTTP 403) and was not used.",
    "versionDate": "2026-04-08",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/04/us-commerce-secretary-gina-raimondo-announces-expansion-us-ai-safety",
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      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words in the news item on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 341
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-15",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo Announces Expansion of U.S. AI Safety Institute Leadership Team (2024-04-16).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-nordhaus-2015-cowles",
    "documentId": "nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity",
    "title": "Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth",
    "authors": [
      "William D. Nordhaus"
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    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Nordhaus",
        "given": "William D."
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    ],
    "publisher": "Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 2021, Yale University",
    "publicationDate": "2015-09",
    "version": "Wayback capture of the Cowles Foundation PDF (cowles.yale.edu/.../d2021.pdf); compared with a capture of NBER Working Paper 21547. Capture retrieved 2026-10-08 (SHA-256 d9348fe608486784675d6f95dfb78367801c0ca33217b500a0d31bee1dea5f97). Versions: Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 2021 (2015-09): checked; NBER Working Paper 21547 (2015-09): compared; American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 13(1) (2021-01): not compared. Published version: Nordhaus, W. D. (2021). Are we approaching an economic singularity? Information technology and the future of economic growth. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 13(1), 299–332. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20170105 Working paper: Nordhaus, W. D. (2015). Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 2021; NBER Working Paper No. 21547. https://doi.org/10.3386/w21547",
    "canonicalUrl": "http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d20/d2021.pdf",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160809230752/http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d20/d2021.pdf",
    "language": "en",
    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20160809230752/http://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/pub/d20/d2021.pdf",
    "archivedAt": "2016-08-09",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "whitespace tokens of pdftotext output",
      "count": 13600
    },
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-08",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "William D. Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth”, Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 2021, Yale University, 2015-09.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-nordhaus-2015-nber",
    "documentId": "nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity",
    "title": "Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth",
    "authors": [
      "William D. Nordhaus"
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      {
        "family": "Nordhaus",
        "given": "William D."
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    ],
    "publisher": "NBER Working Paper 21547",
    "publicationDate": "2015-09",
    "version": "Full text. Current copy retrieved directly on 2026-10-09; no archive capture (Wayback unreachable), so earlier bytes are not authenticated. SHA-256 cb481e5e99ef9bad8575d9150bcc8464eda4904722cc5048389ab6159858b062. Journal version not retrieved. Nordhaus, W. D. (2021). Are we approaching an economic singularity? Information technology and the future of economic growth. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 13(1), 299–332. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20170105",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w21547/w21547.pdf",
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    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "pdftotext text layer",
      "count": 13851
    },
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-09",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "William D. Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth”, NBER Working Paper 21547, 2015-09.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-nourse-1955-automation-hearings-statement",
    "documentId": "nourse-1955-automation-hearings-statement",
    "title": "Statement (former Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers), in Automation and Technological Change: Hearings",
    "authors": [
      "Edwin G. Nourse"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Nourse",
        "given": "Edwin G."
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    ],
    "publisher": "U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on the Economic Report, Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization. (1955). Automation and technological change: Hearings … 84th Congress, 1st session, October 14–28, 1955. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, from p. 618",
    "publicationDate": "1955-10-28",
    "version": "Internet Archive OCR text (djvu.txt) of a scanned copy, retrieved 2026-10-09 from https://ia803102.us.archive.org/32/items/congress-automation-and-technological-change/congress-automation-and-technological-changedjvu.txt; OCR errors possible; quotes checked only against clean stretches. Current copy; no earlier capture compared. SHA-256 3962809fbb923be62bf986addb0014ee147934a8767475c1f7cfe051959bff90.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://archive.org/details/congress-automation-and-technological-change",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://archive.org/details/congress-automation-and-technological-change",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "approximate length of the statement and discussion, estimated from the printed page span",
      "count": 4000
    },
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-09",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Edwin G. Nourse, “Statement (former Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers), in Automation and Technological Change: Hearings”, U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on the Economic Report, Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization. (1955). Automation and technological change: Hearings … 84th Congress, 1st session, October 14–28, 1955. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, from p. 618, 1955-10-28.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-nvidia-colossus",
    "title": "NVIDIA Ethernet Networking Accelerates World’s Largest AI Supercomputer, Built by xAI",
    "authors": [
      "NVIDIA"
    ],
    "publisher": "NVIDIA",
    "publicationDate": "2024-10-28",
    "version": "Dated page, inspected at retrieval",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/spectrum-x-ethernet-networking-xai-colossus",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/spectrum-x-ethernet-networking-xai-colossus",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 1350
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-17",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "NVIDIA, NVIDIA Ethernet Networking Accelerates World’s Largest AI Supercomputer, Built by xAI (2024-10-28).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ny-governor-raise-implementation",
    "title": "AI Safety: Governor Hochul Announces Next Steps to Regulate Major AI Developers and Protect New Yorkers",
    "authors": [
      "Office of the Governor of New York"
    ],
    "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York",
    "publisherId": "governor-of-new-york",
    "publicationDate": "2026-09-21",
    "version": "Press release dated September 21, 2026, retrieved 2026-10-10. No archive capture is cited: the Internet Archive refused lookup requests (HTTP 429) on 2026-10-10, so none was checked.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/ai-safety-governor-hochul-announces-next-steps-regulate-major-ai-developers-and-protect-new",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/ai-safety-governor-hochul-announces-next-steps-regulate-major-ai-developers-and-protect-new",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words of the article text from the headline to before the contact block, counted 2026-10-10",
      "count": 1363
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-10",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Office of the Governor of New York, AI Safety: Governor Hochul Announces Next Steps to Regulate Major AI Developers and Protect New Yorkers (21 September 2026).",
      "licence": "Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ny-governor-raise-signing",
    "documentId": "new-york-raise-act",
    "title": "Governor Hochul Signs Nation-Leading Legislation to Require AI Frameworks for AI Frontier Models",
    "authors": [
      "Office of the Governor of New York"
    ],
    "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York",
    "publisherId": "governor-of-new-york",
    "publicationDate": "2025-12-19",
    "version": "Press release dated December 19, 2025, retrieved 2026-10-10. A copy on the Department of Financial Services site carries the date 22 December 2025 (reported by a search result, not inspected). No archive capture is cited: the Internet Archive refused lookup requests (HTTP 429) on 2026-10-10, so none was checked.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-signs-nation-leading-legislation-require-ai-frameworks-ai-frontier-models",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-signs-nation-leading-legislation-require-ai-frameworks-ai-frontier-models",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words of the article text from the headline to before the contact block, counted 2026-10-10",
      "count": 680
    },
    "kind": "announcement",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-10",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Office of the Governor of New York, Governor Hochul Signs Nation-Leading Legislation to Require AI Frameworks for AI Frontier Models (19 December 2025).",
      "licence": "Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-ny-s8828-assembly-record",
    "documentId": "new-york-raise-act-chapter-96-2026",
    "title": "New York S08828 (Gounardes) / A09449 (Bores): summary, actions and text of the bill (New York State Assembly bill search)",
    "authors": [
      "New York State Legislature"
    ],
    "publisher": "New York State Assembly (bill search and legislative information)",
    "publisherId": "new-york-state-legislature",
    "publicationDate": "2026-03-27",
    "version": "Bill-search page for S8828 retrieved 2026-10-11. It shows the summary, the action list ending 03/27/2026 SIGNED CHAP.96, and the bill as printed on 2026-01-08; the page for A09449 shows the same text and actions. The chapter as printed in the session laws was not inspected. No archive capture is cited: the Internet Archive refused lookup requests (HTTP 429) on 2026-10-11, so none was checked.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S8828&term=2025&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S8828&term=2025&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words of the bill text on the page, counted 2026-10-11",
      "count": 4466
    },
    "kind": "filing",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-11",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "New York State Legislature, S08828 / A09449 (2026), as published on the New York State Assembly bill-search site.",
      "licence": "Official document; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-o1-card",
    "title": "OpenAI o1 System Card",
    "authors": [
      "OpenAI"
    ],
    "publisher": "OpenAI",
    "publicationDate": "2024-12-05",
    "version": "Page labelled Updated: December 5, 2024; includes multiple evaluation periods",
    "versionDate": "2024-12-05",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://openai.com/index/openai-o1-system-card/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://openai.com/index/openai-o1-system-card/",
    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-03.",
      "count": 14878
    },
    "kind": "report",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-17",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "OpenAI, OpenAI o1 System Card (2024-12-05).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-olah-bio",
    "title": "About Me — Christopher Olah",
    "authors": [
      "Christopher Olah"
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    "authorNames": [
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    }
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; no full source or personal contact details redistributed."
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
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    "id": "source-openai-org-update-2020",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-openai-ssc-update-2024",
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    "publisherId": "openai",
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      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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      "attribution": "Billy Perrigo, Exclusive: Anthropic Drops Flagship Safety Pledge, TIME (2026-02-24).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
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  {
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    }
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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    "documentId": "trammell-korinek-2026-growth-under-transformative-ai-nber-revision",
    "title": "Economic Growth under Transformative AI",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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  {
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    "title": "Trust Region Policy Optimization",
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        "given": "Philipp"
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      {
        "family": "Jordan",
        "given": "Michael I."
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      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; no full source, personal contact details or dataset imported."
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  {
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        "family": "Turing",
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    "publicationDate": null,
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      "attribution": "Alan M. Turing, lecture of 20 February 1947, Turing Digital Archive AMT/B/1, King’s College, Cambridge.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases only: archive scans are provided for research and their images are not reproduced. Phrases in quotation marks inside a paraphrase identify the source's wording."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-turing-1950-amt-b-19",
    "documentId": "turing-1950-computing-machinery",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-turing-1951-amt-b-5",
    "documentId": "turing-1951-can-digital-computers-think",
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      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted; archive scans are provided for research. Page images are not reproduced.",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-turing-c1951-amt-b-4",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
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  },
  {
    "id": "source-uk-seoul-press-2024",
    "title": "Historic first as companies spanning North America, Asia, Europe and Middle East agree safety commitments on development of AI",
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    "publisherId": "dsit",
    "publicationDate": "2024-05-21",
    "version": "Press release dated 21 May 2024, inspected live 2026-10-04; an Internet Archive capture of 2024-05-21 (10:06 UTC) exists and was not compared.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/historic-first-as-companies-spanning-north-america-asia-europe-and-middle-east-agree-safety-commitments-on-development-of-ai",
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      "attribution": "UK Government, press release of 21 May 2024 on the Frontier AI Safety Commitments.",
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-vc-comments-2000-capture",
    "documentId": "more-1998-singularity-meets-economy",
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    "canonicalUrl": "https://mason.gmu.edu/~rhanson/vc.html",
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      "count": 15821
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    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Max More, \"Singularity Meets Economy\", in Comments on Vinge’s Singularity (1998).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-vinge-1983-omni-scan",
    "documentId": "vinge-1983-first-word",
    "title": "First Word (Omni, January 1983, p. 10)",
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    "authorNames": [
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        "family": "Vinge",
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    ],
    "publisher": "Omni",
    "publicationDate": "1983-01",
    "version": "One-page scan hosted by gwern.net, read as an image by the pre-1996 candidate search and a later machine check.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://gwern.net/doc/transhumanism/1983-vinge.pdf",
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    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Vernor Vinge, \"First Word\", Omni, January 1983, p. 10.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases only: the inspected scan is a third-party copy whose permission to host is not established. Phrases in quotation marks inside a paraphrase identify the source's wording."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-vinge-1993-ntrs",
    "documentId": "vinge-1993-coming-technological-singularity",
    "title": "The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era",
    "authors": [
      "Vernor Vinge"
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    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Vinge",
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      }
    ],
    "publisher": "NASA (VISION-21 proceedings, NASA Conference Publication 10129)",
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the text layer of the inspected PDF, including notes and page furniture; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 5691
    },
    "kind": "paper",
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    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Vernor Vinge, \"The Coming Technological Singularity\", in VISION-21, NASA CP-10129 (1993), pp. 11–22.",
      "licence": "Public use permitted, according to the NASA Technical Reports Server record.",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-weak-strong-announcement",
    "title": "Weak-to-strong generalization",
    "authors": [
      "Collin Burns",
      "Jan Leike",
      "Leopold Aschenbrenner",
      "Jeffrey Wu",
      "Pavel Izmailov",
      "Leo Gao",
      "Bowen Baker",
      "Jan Hendrik Kirchner"
    ],
    "authorNames": [
      {
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        "given": "Jan"
      },
      {
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        "given": "Leopold"
      },
      {
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        "given": "Jeffrey"
      },
      {
        "family": "Izmailov",
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      },
      {
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      },
      {
        "family": "Baker",
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      },
      {
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        "given": "Jan Hendrik"
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    ],
    "publisher": "OpenAI",
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    "version": "Mutable publisher announcement displaying 2023-12-14; paper link identifies the work but does not pin the hosted PDF revision.",
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      "attribution": "Collin Burns; Jan Leike; Leopold Aschenbrenner; Jeffrey Wu; Pavel Izmailov; Leo Gao; Bowen Baker; Jan Hendrik Kirchner, Weak-to-strong generalization.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; source publications and personal contact details are not redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-weak-strong-paper-v1",
    "documentId": "weak-strong-paper",
    "title": "Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervision",
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      "Collin Burns",
      "Pavel Izmailov",
      "Jan Hendrik Kirchner",
      "Bowen Baker",
      "Leo Gao",
      "Leopold Aschenbrenner",
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      "Adrien Ecoffet",
      "Manas Joglekar",
      "Jan Leike",
      "Ilya Sutskever",
      "Jeff Wu"
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      {
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      {
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      {
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      },
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      },
      {
        "family": "Joglekar",
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      },
      {
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      },
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      "attribution": "Collin Burns; Pavel Izmailov; Jan Hendrik Kirchner; Bowen Baker; Leo Gao; Leopold Aschenbrenner; Yining Chen; Adrien Ecoffet; Manas Joglekar; Jan Leike; Ilya Sutskever; Jeff Wu, Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervision.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; source publications and personal contact details are not redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-wh-commitments-2023-07",
    "documentId": "wh-voluntary-ai-commitments-2023-07",
    "title": "Ensuring Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI (voluntary AI commitments, July 2023)",
    "authors": [
      "The White House"
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    "publisher": "The White House",
    "publisherId": "us-white-house",
    "publicationDate": "2023-07-21",
    "version": "PDF linked from the fact sheet of 21 July 2023, inspected 2026-10-04 at its archived-site address; byte-identical (SHA-1) to the Internet Archive captures of 2023-07-21 at the original whitehouse.gov address. The Biden–Harris White House pages are now served from the archived site bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov.",
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      "attribution": "The White House, Ensuring Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI (July 2023).",
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      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-wh-commitments-2023-09",
    "documentId": "wh-voluntary-ai-commitments-2023-09",
    "title": "Voluntary AI Commitments (September 2023)",
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      "The White House"
    ],
    "publisher": "The White House",
    "publisherId": "us-white-house",
    "publicationDate": "2023-09-12",
    "version": "PDF linked from the fact sheet of 12 September 2023, inspected 2026-10-04 at its archived-site address; byte-identical (SHA-1) to the Internet Archive captures of 2023-09-12 and 2023-09-13 at the original address. The Biden–Harris White House pages are now served from the archived site bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov.",
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    "language": "en",
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    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
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      "attribution": "The White House, Voluntary AI Commitments (September 2023).",
      "licence": "US government work; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-wh-factsheet-2023-07",
    "title": "FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration Secures Voluntary Commitments from Leading Artificial Intelligence Companies to Manage the Risks Posed by AI",
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      "The White House"
    ],
    "publisher": "The White House",
    "publisherId": "us-white-house",
    "publicationDate": "2023-07-21",
    "version": "Fact sheet dated July 21, 2023, inspected 2026-10-04 at its archived-site address; quotes also matched in the Internet Archive capture of 2023-07-21 (10:53 UTC) at the original address. The Biden–Harris White House pages are now served from the archived site bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/07/21/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-secures-voluntary-commitments-from-leading-artificial-intelligence-companies-to-manage-the-risks-posed-by-ai/",
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    "documentWords": {
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      "count": 1416
    },
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    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "The White House, fact sheet of 21 July 2023 on voluntary AI commitments.",
      "licence": "US government work; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
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    "id": "source-wh-factsheet-2023-09",
    "title": "FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration Secures Voluntary Commitments from Eight Additional Artificial Intelligence Companies to Manage the Risks Posed by AI",
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      "The White House"
    ],
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text from the title to the end of the fact sheet",
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    },
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    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "The White House, fact sheet of 12 September 2023 on voluntary AI commitments.",
      "licence": "US government work; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-wh-factsheet-2024-07-26",
    "title": "FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration Announces New AI Actions and Receives Additional Major Voluntary Commitment on AI",
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      "The White House"
    ],
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    "publicationDate": "2024-07-26",
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    "canonicalUrl": "https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/07/26/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-new-ai-actions-and-receives-additional-major-voluntary-commitment-on-ai/",
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    "archivedUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240726154325/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/07/26/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-new-ai-actions-and-receives-additional-major-voluntary-commitment-on-ai/",
    "archivedAt": "2024-07-26",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Article text from the title to the list of agency actions",
      "count": 1798
    },
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    "accessedAt": "2026-10-04",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "The White House, fact sheet of 26 July 2024 on new AI actions.",
      "licence": "US government work; no redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-wiener-1960-science",
    "documentId": "wiener-1960-some-moral-technical",
    "title": "Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation",
    "authors": [
      "Norbert Wiener"
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    "authorNames": [
      {
        "family": "Wiener",
        "given": "Norbert"
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    ],
    "publisher": "Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science)",
    "publicationDate": "1960-05-06",
    "version": "Scan of the original Science pages in a later JSTOR download, hosted on a Pennsylvania State University course page; text layer read and pp. 1357–1358 compared with the rendered pages by the pre-1996 candidate search.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.131.3410.1355",
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    "language": "en",
    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Whitespace-separated words in the text layer of the inspected PDF, including notes and page furniture; counted 2026-10-06.",
      "count": 5582
    },
    "kind": "paper",
    "accessedAt": "2026-10-06",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Norbert Wiener, \"Some Moral and Technical Consequences of Automation\", Science 131 (1960), 1355–1358.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted; the inspected copy is a university course file.",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-xai-eu-code-post-2025",
    "title": "Post of 31 July 2025 on the EU AI Act’s Code of Practice (X)",
    "authors": [
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    "publisher": "xAI (post on X; the account is now named SpaceXAI)",
    "publisherId": "xai",
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    "canonicalUrl": "https://x.com/xai/status/1950828488405254268",
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    "kind": "announcement",
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    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "xAI, post on X of 31 July 2025.",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-xai-grok4-2025",
    "title": "Grok 4",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
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    "id": "source-xai-launch-2023",
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    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-18",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Hope King, Elon Musk unveils new AI startup, xAI (2023-07-12).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."
    }
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  {
    "id": "source-xai-series-b",
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      "basis": "Approximate article length: words in text blocks of ten or more words on the inspected page, so navigation, menus and footers are excluded; counted 2026-10-03.",
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      "attribution": "xAI, Series B funding round (2024-05-26).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-xai-series-c-2024",
    "title": "xAI raises $6B Series C",
    "authors": [
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    "publisher": "xAI",
    "publicationDate": "2024-12-23",
    "version": "Dated xAI announcement retained on a site now branded SpaceXAI; the historical issuer is recorded as xAI, without inferring legal continuity.",
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    "kind": "announcement",
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      "attribution": "xAI, xAI raises $6B Series C (2024-12-23).",
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      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "source-xai-team-2023",
    "title": "Musk announces new AI company that seeks to “understand the universe”",
    "authors": [
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        "family": "Edwards",
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    "publisher": "Ars Technica",
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    "version": "Contemporaneous report and screenshot of the launch roster. The current x.ai company page has changed; original archive retrieval was unavailable.",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/07/musk-announces-new-ai-company-that-seeks-to-understand-the-universe/",
    "evidenceUrl": "https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/07/musk-announces-new-ai-company-that-seeks-to-understand-the-universe/",
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    "documentWords": {
      "basis": "Approximate: words in text blocks of ten or more words in the retrieved text layer (navigation and menus excluded); counted for the lab genealogy pack on 2026-10-15.",
      "count": 695
    },
    "kind": "article",
    "accessedAt": "2026-09-18",
    "reuse": {
      "attribution": "Benj Edwards, Musk announces new AI company that seeks to “understand the universe” (2023-07-12).",
      "licence": "No open redistribution licence asserted",
      "note": "Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."
    }
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