Document · Statute (chaptered bill) California SB 53 (2025): Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, as chaptered Senate Bill 53 of the 2025–2026 Regular Session as chaptered (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025). It adds Business and Professions Code §§ 22757.10–22757.16, Government Code § 11546.8 and Labor Code §§ 1107–1107.2. Its text describes obligations; it is not evidence of whom it applies to in practice or of compliance.
Issued by California State Legislature (from the version record) Authors credited No authorship claim recorded yet. The source record lists California Legislature. Dates Published 2025-09-29Effective 2026-01-01Approved by the Governor and filed with the Secretary of State on 2025-09-29 (chaptered header and bill history); the chaptered text page reads “Date Published: 09/29/2025 09:00 PM”. The added code sections took effect on 2026-01-01 according to the codified history notes checked on 2026-10-04, which showed no amendment. Gov. Code § 11546.8 is operative only on an appropriation.
Exact source Copy link to this page
See this document’s connections in the explorer → Versions ca-sb-53: 1 recorded version, oldest first, published by California State Legislature. A version is shown as replacing another only where a record says so. Date order alone never implies it.
2026-01-01 · effective Chaptered (Stats. 2025, ch. 138) (this version) This version Provisions in this version · 19 quoted A limited selection of quoted provisions: what this edition says about thresholds, required actions, who decides and exceptions. It is not a full summary and says nothing about implementation. A “not found” record states which part of the edition was inspected. It is not a claim that the text was deleted.
Threshold or trigger Catastrophic risk: death of or serious injury to more than 50 people, or more than $1 billion in property damage or loss, from a single incident “more than 50 people or more than one billion dollars ($1,000,000,000)” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.11(c)(1) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Threshold or trigger Civil penalty up to $1,000,000 per violation “does not exceed one million dollars ($1,000,000) per violation.” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.15(a) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Threshold or trigger Frontier developer: has trained or initiated training of a frontier model “has trained, or initiated the training of, a frontier model” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.11(h) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Threshold or trigger Frontier model: foundation model trained with more than 10^26 operations “Frontier model” means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power greater than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations.” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.11(i)(1) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Threshold or trigger Large frontier developer: over $500 million annual gross revenue with affiliates “together with its affiliates collectively had annual gross revenues in excess of five hundred million dollars ($500,000,000) in the preceding calendar year.” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.11(j) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action Anonymous internal disclosure process with monthly status updates to the discloser and at-least-quarterly sharing with officers and directors “a reasonable internal process through which a covered employee may anonymously disclose information” Informed: Officers and directors of the large frontier developer, except any officer or director whose wrongdoing is alleged in a disclosure or response SEC. 4, Lab. Code § 1107.1(e)(1); paraphrase also covers § 1107.1(e)(2)(A)–(B) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action Covered-employee disclosure and anti-retaliation protection “prevents a covered employee from disclosing, or retaliates against a covered employee for disclosing,” SEC. 4, Lab. Code § 1107.1(a) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action Critical safety incident report to OES within 15 days of discovery “report any critical safety incident pertaining to one or more of its frontier models to the Office of Emergency Services within 15 days of discovering the critical safety incident.” Informed: Office of Emergency Services SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.13(c)(1) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action Annual review of the frontier AI framework “review and, as appropriate, update its frontier AI framework at least once per year.” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(b)(1) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action Publish materially modified framework and justification within 30 days “publish the modified frontier AI framework and a justification for that modification within 30 days.” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(b)(2) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action Large frontier developers must write, implement, comply with and publish a frontier AI framework “A large frontier developer shall write, implement, comply with, and clearly and conspicuously publish on its internet website a frontier AI framework” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(a), opening clause Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action Imminent-risk incidents disclosed within 24 hours to an authority appropriate to the incident and as required by law “the frontier developer shall disclose that incident within 24 hours to an authority, including any law enforcement agency or public safety agency with jurisdiction, that is appropriate based on the nature of that incident and as required by law” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.13(c)(2) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action Internal-use catastrophic-risk assessment summaries to OES every three months or on another reasonable schedule “every three months or pursuant to another reasonable schedule specified by the large frontier developer and communicated in writing to the Office of Emergency Services” Informed: Office of Emergency Services SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(d) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action No materially false or misleading statements about framework implementation or compliance “A large frontier developer shall not make a materially false or misleading statement about its implementation of, or compliance with, its frontier AI framework.” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(e)(1)(B) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Required action Transparency report before or concurrently with deploying a new or substantially modified frontier model “Before, or concurrently with, deploying a new frontier model or a substantially modified version of an existing frontier model, a frontier developer shall clearly and conspicuously publish on its internet website a transparency report” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(c)(1) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Who decides Civil penalties under § 22757.15 recoverable only in a civil action brought by the Attorney General “A civil penalty described in this section shall be recovered in a civil action brought only by the Attorney General.” Decides: Attorney General SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.15(b) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Exception CalCompute section operative only upon appropriation “shall become operative only upon an appropriation in a budget act, or other measure” SEC. 3, Gov. Code § 11546.8(k) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Exception Incident-reporting compliance via OES-designated federal standards after a declaration of intent “shall declare its intent to do so to the Office of Emergency Services.” Decides: Office of Emergency Services SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.13(i)(1) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Exception Transparency information in a system or model card deemed compliant “including a system card or model card, shall be deemed in compliance with the applicable paragraph.” SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(c)(3) Inspect claim & evidence ↗ Earliest version recorded here; no replacement is recorded.
Documentary relations Each relation is listed separately. Citing, crediting and reporting the use of a method are different acts, and none of them shows agreement or influence by itself.
Not recorded for this document: cites · cited by · explicitly credits · reports using a method from · method reported as used by · applies parts of · parts applied by · discusses · reports evaluation of. A missing record does not show that the relation does not exist.
Other recorded relations enacted The Governor of California approved Senate Bill 53, which enacts the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, on 29 September 2025; it was filed with the Secretary of State the same day and chaptered as Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025. 2025-09-29 · signature · Stated in source · Supported Inspect claim & evidence ↗ explicitly links itself to xAI's Frontier Artificial Intelligence Framework (December 2025 edition) states that the FAIF complies with California's Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.10 et seq.). 2025-12-30 · revision · Stated in source · Supported Inspect claim & evidence ↗ explicitly links itself to Microsoft's Frontier Governance Framework (February 2026) explicitly references California's TFAIA in two places. Its change log describes the edition as a one-year update following finalisation of the EU GPAI Code of Practice, New York's RAISE Act and TFAIA. Its leading-indicator assessment is run on any model in scope for frontier-model requirements under applicable laws, and it names TFAIA among those laws. 2026-02 · revision · Stated in source · Supported Inspect claim & evidence ↗ explicitly links itself to Anthropic's Responsible Scaling Policy v3.0 says it uses 'catastrophic risk' in its plain meaning rather than adopting any specific statutory definition. It adds that where laws such as California SB 53 define this or similar terms with specific thresholds, Anthropic addresses those requirements in separate compliance frameworks. 2026-02-24 · effective · Stated in source · Supported Inspect claim & evidence ↗ explicitly links itself to OpenAI's Frontier Governance Framework (May 2026 edition) states that, under California's TFAIA, it is OpenAI's Frontier AI Framework. 2026-05-28 · publication · Stated in source · Supported Inspect claim & evidence ↗