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The difference described is read directly from the two passages.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A textual difference between the two editions’ wording of this keyed provision. It is not an assessment of whether the change strengthened or weakened the framework, and not evidence of implementation.","evidenceIds":["evidence-provchange-fsf-v3-1-framework-update-review-later","evidence-provchange-fsf-v3-1-framework-update-review-earlier"],"attributes":{"changeBasis":"document_comparison","provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"fsf-framework-update-review"}}},{"id":"cm-seoul-minimax","subject":"minimax","predicate":"signed_commitment","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments-2024"},"topic":"governance","statement":"MiniMax is listed, as “Minimax”, among four organisations added on 7 February 2025 to the GOV.UK list of organisations that have agreed to the Frontier AI Safety Commitments.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-02-07","basis":"revision","note":"Date of the GOV.UK update that added the organisation to the list (change history, 11:34 UTC). The date on which the organisation agreed is not stated and is not inferred."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Listing is the convener’s statement. It is not evidence that the organisation complied with, implemented or still maintains the commitments, and the legal effect of being listed is not recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-seoul-minimax-1","evidence-cm-seoul-minimax-2"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"stage":"listed"}}},{"id":"ts-b3-christiano-2019-wflf","subject":"christiano-2019-what-failure-looks-like","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"deceptive-alignment"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Christiano’s post of 2019-03-17 argues that influence-seeking policies found by training would also score well on the training objective, because performing well on it is a good strategy for obtaining influence.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2019-03-17","basis":"publication","note":"Posting time 2019-03-17T20:18:59Z; the current version is 1.5.0, and the quotes match the first stored version and the capture of 2019-06-08."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A conditional failure argument, not an observation of deployed systems. The post calls the failure an instance of optimisation daemons; the term \"deceptive alignment\" is absent.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-b3-christiano-2019-wflf"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"yk-y28-sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031-c","subject":"sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"developers-know-what-they-are-doing"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: Floppy take-off” (2001-08-01) contests Y28. Replying to James Higgins on brute-force AI, he argues that with enough hardware the project that finishes first need not be the one that best understands intelligence or Friendliness.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2001-08-01","basis":"publication","note":"Archive author index lists the message as \"Wed Aug 01 2001 - 19:08:09 MDT\" under \"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky\"."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: The most advanced projects are the most competent to handle safety. Conditional on brute-force hardware (nanocomputers). Seven weeks after the sentence in Creating Friendly AI (2001-06-15), it qualifies that sentence's premise without explicitly retracting it. Continues: \"even if the latter has a vastly better understanding of the nature of intelligence\".","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t28-s1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting","earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that the most advanced projects are the most competent to handle safety."}}}},{"id":"yk-y29-extropians-2000-03-16-yudkowsky-5105-c","subject":"extropians-2000-03-16-yudkowsky-5105","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"many-ais-balance"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The Extropians message “Re: regarding the Eliezer vrs. Otter debate...” (2000-03-16) contests Y29. Replying to John Grigg's hope that 'an AI on our team' would neutralise a hostile AI armed with nanotechnology, he says there would be no teams because the first AI would enhance itself and take over.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2000-03-16","basis":"publication","note":"Archive author index lists the message as \"Thu Mar 16 2000 - 16:43:29 MST\" under \"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky\"."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Multiple superintelligences will balance each other in humans’ favour. 'Sysop' is his 2000 term for a superintelligence acting as an operating system for matter. Eleven months earlier than his SL4 message of 2001-02-04.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t29-e2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting","earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that multiple superintelligences will balance each other in humans’ favour."}}}},{"id":"omni-art75-ai-office-competence","subject":"eu-digital-omnibus-ai-2026","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"AI Office exclusively competent for AI systems built on a general-purpose AI model by the same provider"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Article 1, point (31), of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 replaces Article 75(1) of the AI Act so that the AI Office is exclusively competent for supervising and enforcing the Regulation’s obligations for the AI systems it lists, which include AI systems based on general-purpose AI models where the model and the system are developed by the same provider or by providers in the same undertaking, subject to listed exceptions.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-24","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as published in the Official Journal on 2026-07-24 (the Regulation is dated 8 July 2026); the Regulation enters into force on 2026-07-27."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The amended paragraph concerns AI systems, not general-purpose AI models. The listed exceptions (including systems tied to Annex I products and certain Annex III uses) and the further competence in point (b) for systems that are or are integrated into very large online platforms or search engines are not summarised here. The paragraph extends the competence to the providers of those systems, and to deployers only when they are also the provider or in the same undertaking. It also adds supervisory and enforcement powers in new Articles 75a onwards, which are not recorded. A competence provision is not evidence of any supervision or enforcement action.","evidenceIds":["evidence-omni-art75-ai-office-competence-1","evidence-omni-art75-ai-office-competence-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"omni-ai-office-system-competence","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"AI Office (exclusive competence for supervision and enforcement)"}]}}},{"id":"eugl-early-notification","subject":"eu-gpai-guidelines-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"A systemic-risk notification may be due before training is complete; estimate training compute before the pre-training run"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The guidelines state that a notification under Article 52(1) of the AI Act may be required before training is complete, if the provider can reasonably foresee that the requirement leading to the presumption of high-impact capabilities is reasonably likely to be met, and that providers should estimate their cumulative training compute before starting the large pre-training run.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-19","basis":"revision","note":"Provision as stated in the guidelines file dated Brussels 19.11.2025 (C(2025) 7719 final). The Commission’s library entry gives a publication date of 18 July 2025; the July text was not compared."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The Commission’s interpretation of Article 52(1); the two-week deadline is in the Regulation (a separate record). Not evidence that any notification was made, or by whom. It states what the text provides, not whether any named developer falls within it or complies. A document’s statement is not evidence of implementation, compliance or enforcement.","evidenceIds":["evidence-eugl-early-notification-1","evidence-eugl-early-notification-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"eugl-early-notification"}}},{"id":"ec-g01-clancy-besiroglu-2023-great-inflection-c","subject":"clancy-besiroglu-2023-great-inflection","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"explosive-growth-from-labour-substitution"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Clancy and Besiroglu, “The Great Inflection? A Debate About AI and Explosive Growth” (2023-06) contests G01. Speaker: Matt Clancy. Clancy questions whether growth models can be extrapolated to growth far outside historical experience. Earlier in the debate he puts the chance of explosive growth at 10–20%. Clancy's answer to Besiroglu's 65%, given on the same condition of AI deployed throughout the economy. He adds that most of the probability is \"clustered around the low end of explosive growth\", and the same turn doubts that growth models can be extrapolated so far.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-06","basis":"publication","note":"Page: \"Published June 2023\". The introduction states the conversation \"is based on a series of back-and-forths Matt and Tamay had in spring of 2023\"."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"(First passage) The quotation is a turn by Matt Clancy in a dialogue. Clancy does not rule explosive growth out (\"I don't think explosive growth is simply impossible\"); he contests the confidence placed in the model-based argument. (Second passage) The quotation is a turn by Matt Clancy in a dialogue. Second passage of the same contesting record as the first passage. Moved from G09 in the correction pass (audit C): the estimate is conditional on AI deployment, like Besiroglu's.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-g01-f","evidence-ec-g01-f2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located-tier-2","contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","claimed":{"date":"2023","note":"\"back-and-forths ... in spring of 2023\"; the original exchange was not retrieved and the published dialogue may be edited."},"attested":{"date":"2023-12-23","note":"Only retrieved capture."},"engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Gives a reason against the premise that growth models remain reliable when extrapolated far beyond historical growth rates; the turn gives a reason (the reach of growth models beyond historical experience) against the premise of the model-based argument."},"tier":{"value":2,"basis":"Tier 2 (unchanged). Magazine debate (Asterisk). The magazine introduces Matt Clancy as an economist and Tamay Besiroglu as a research scientist. Judgement recorded: no turn is itself a substantive scholarly argument; each answers the previous turn and argues by verbal sketches of others' models, with no model or derivation of its own, so the debate rule applies to both speakers."}}}},{"id":"ec-e03-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk-a","subject":"jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ai-existential-risk-in-economic-analysis"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Jones, “How Much Should We Spend to Reduce A.I.'s Existential Risk?” (2025-03) articulates E03. Sentence continues 'in the Covid-19 pandemic'; Jones adds that mortality risk to people alive 'more than justifies spending large amounts'. Abstract follows a back-of-envelope calculation from a $10 million value of life and a 1% mortality risk. Preceded by the note that 12–33% of runs lead to zero mitigation investment (very small or hard-to-mitigate risk). After saying that valuing future generations would raise the amount.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-03","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"March 2025\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"(First passage) NBER w33602, March 2025. Quote stops before 'Covid-19' because the cached text loses its line-break hyphen. (Second passage) NBER w33602, March 2025. Material quantitative claim: conditional on the model and its parameter ranges ('most of the scenarios'); 12–33% of Monte Carlo runs yield zero mitigation. Holds \"for most of the scenarios and parameter combinations considered\" in the model; material quantitative claim. (Third passage) NBER w33602, March 2025. Material quantitative claim: an average over 10 million simulations drawn from the paper's assumed uniform parameter distributions (Table 1), not an estimate of actual risk. A mean across Monte Carlo draws with the extinction risk drawn uniformly from 0–2%; the median is about 6.4% and 12–33% of runs give zero spending; material quantitative claim. (Fourth passage) NBER w33602, March 2025. 'Very likely' is Jones's judgement from the model; it presumes the risk magnitudes experts report.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e03-17","evidence-ec-e03-18","evidence-ec-e03-19","evidence-ec-e03-20"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"A model scenario under stated conditions, not the author’s own claim.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Jones is an economist."},"conditions":"(E03-18) 'For most of the scenarios and parameter combinations considered'; no weight on future generations. (E03-19) Monte Carlo average over assumed parameter distributions; zero altruism to future generations."}}},{"id":"lg-goo-chen-gdm-2025","subject":"douglas-chen","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"google-deepmind"},"topic":"people","statement":"Demis Hassabis posted on X on 11 July 2025 that Google DeepMind was welcoming Windsurf founder Douglas Chen, with some of Windsurf's engineering team.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-07-11","note":"Post date (UTC); no start date or title given."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The post gives no title or start date. The Google–Windsurf agreement and his departure from Windsurf are recorded separately.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-goo-douglas-gdm-2025"],"attributes":{"role":"joined Google DeepMind (no title given)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-rajic-cro-2026","subject":"dali-rajic","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"OpenAI announced on 13 August 2026 that Dali Rajic would be joining as Chief Revenue Officer.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-08-13","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An announced appointment; no start date is given.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-oai-rajic-cro-2026"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Revenue Officer"}},{"id":"cmp-fsf-2024-d6-discretion","subject":"fsf-2024","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Other exceptions or discretion"},"topic":"governance","statement":"FSF · 2024 states a provision on the comparison question “Other exceptions or discretion”.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-05-17","basis":"publication","note":"Comparison cell for this edition, dated by the edition’s publication date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Other room for judgement: the response plan also takes into account 'additional risks flagged by the review and the deployment context' (PDF p. 2), and the hold provision offers 'additional protocols' as an alternative (“Pause, non-deployment or non-training”). What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-fsf-2024-d6-discretion-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"exception","key":"comparison-d6-discretion","facet":{"id":"D6.discretion","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d2-levels","subject":"ms-fgf-2026","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Named levels or thresholds"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Microsoft FGF · Feb 2026 states a provision on the comparison question “Named levels or thresholds”.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-02","basis":"revision","note":"Comparison cell for this edition, dated by the edition’s revision date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Low, medium, high and critical levels are defined in Appendix I for three of the five tracked capabilities: CBRN weapons, offensive cyberoperations and advanced autonomy (PDF pp. 12–14). For the other two (loss of control, harmful manipulation), Appendix I says evaluation approaches and risk acceptance criteria are being researched (PDF p. 15). For low and medium levels the deployment requirement allows deployment under the Responsible AI Program's requirements; for high and critical, further review and mitigations are required. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d2-levels-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"comparison-d2-levels","facet":{"id":"D2.levels","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"c2-baidu-ernie-bot-launch","subject":"baidu","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ernie-bot-launch-2023"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Baidu announced ERNIE Bot on 16 March 2023, stating that it would be accessible to invited users from that day and that its API would be available on application to enterprise clients through Baidu AI Cloud.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-03-16","basis":"announcement","note":"Dateline and distribution date of the press release. Baidu's 20-F filed on 15 March 2024 places the ERNIE Bot launch in the quarter from January to March 2023; the date of general public availability is not established by these sources."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Invitation-based access is the stage the release states; it is not general public availability. The release's capability descriptions and enterprise application figures are Baidu's own statements and are not recorded as facts. The Chinese product name 文心一言 does not appear in the cited English release.","evidenceIds":["c2-ev-baidu-ernie-bot-launch","c2-ev-baidu-ernie-bot-launch-dev","c2-ev-baidu-ernie-bot-launch-20f"]},{"id":"c2-governance-sail-frmf-v1-cites-tc260","subject":"sail-frontier-ai-risk-management-framework-v1-0","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"tc260-asgf-v1-0"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The Frontier AI Risk Management Framework (v1.0) states that it builds upon the International AI Safety Report (January 2025) and TC260's AI Safety Governance Framework v1.0, which it cites in a footnote.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-07","basis":"publication","note":"Month of the citing document."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit citation with the words 'builds upon'. It does not establish what was taken from the cited framework, endorsement by TC260, or any institutional relation.","evidenceIds":["c2-ev-governance-sail-frmf-v1-cites-tc260-1","c2-ev-governance-sail-frmf-v1-cites-tc260-2"]},{"id":"fl-us-ny-2025-civil-penalty","subject":"ny-raise-act-chapter-699-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Civil penalty up to $10 million / $30 million (proposed GBL § 1422(1)(a))"},"topic":"governance","statement":"S6953-B allows the attorney general to recover, for a violation of § 1421, a civil penalty not exceeding ten million dollars for a “first violation” and thirty million dollars for “any subsequent violation”.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-12-19","basis":"signature","note":"Date of signature, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Text of print B. Chapter 96 of 2026 provides different amounts (recorded separately: up to one million and three million dollars); recorded here as two quoted texts without an inferred comparison record. Section 1422(1) has the amount determined based on the severity of the violation (cross-family check, 2026-10-28, item 80).","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-us-ny-2025-civil-penalty-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"ny-2025-gbl-1422-1-civil-penalty"}}},{"id":"fl-uk-csr-bill-ai-incidents","subject":"uk-cabinet-office","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"uk-ai-defences-press-release-2026"},"topic":"governance","statement":"A GOV.UK press release of 12 October 2026 states that stronger protections against emerging AI threats are to be considered through the Cyber Security and Resilience Bill regime, such as how serious AI incidents and near misses can be identified and reported.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-10-12","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"'To be considered': an announced consideration, not a provision of the bill; the bill text was not inspected.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-uk-csr-bill-ai-incidents-1"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-oc8-suncatcher-paper-2025","subject":"suncatcher-paper-2025","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"oc8-no-repair"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The Suncatcher paper (November 2025) states that replacing failed TPUs by technicians, simple on Earth, is impracticable in space, and that redundant provisioning is the simplest solution.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-22","basis":"publication","note":"Date of publication, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"From a proponent. 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The page displays two dates, 25 and 26 October 2023 (cross-family check, item 95).","canonicalUrl":"https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/issue-220","evidenceUrl":"https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/issue-220","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Andrew Ng, “The Batch, issue 220 (Halloween special): letter from Andrew Ng”, 2023-10.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}}],"evidence":[{"id":"evidence-prov-rsp-v3-3-competitor-lead-delay","claimId":"prov-rsp-v3-3-competitor-lead-delay","sourceId":"source-rsp-3-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 17 (printed p. 16), Appendix A: Commitments Related to Competitors, table row 'Anthropic in the lead', Commitment column","passage":"We will require a strong argument that catastrophic risk is contained, along the lines of our recommendations for industry-wide safety (see Section 1). We will delay AI development and deployment as needed to achieve this, until and unless we no longer believe we have a significant lead.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the inspected PDF, byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2026-05-28. Extraction note: Unchanged from v3.2. 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Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-seoul-minimax-1","claimId":"cm-seoul-minimax","sourceId":"source-fasc-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Second list of organisations, introduced as added to the existing list","passage":"The live page lists “Minimax” among four organisations added to the existing list of organisations that have agreed to the commitments.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression. The integrating session wrote or selected this passage from its own reading of the source; it does not repeat a passage from the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-seoul-minimax-2","claimId":"cm-seoul-minimax","sourceId":"source-fasc-2024-page","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Change history (“Updates to this page”), entry of 7 February 2025","passage":"The change history records that on 7 February 2025 additional organisations who have agreed to the commitments were added to the existing list.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression. The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ts-b3-christiano-2019-wflf","claimId":"ts-b3-christiano-2019-wflf","sourceId":"source-christiano-2019-what-failure-looks-like","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Part II \"influence-seeking behavior is scary\", third paragraph","passage":"any influence-seeking policies we stumble across would also score well according to our training objective, because performing well on the training objective is a good strategy for obtaining influence.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Checked against the first stored version on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t28-s1","claimId":"yk-y28-sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031-c","sourceId":"source-sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'Brute-force AI is a way of…'","passage":"On a nanocomputer … uncomprehending researchers can beat a Friendly AI project","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T28-s1. 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Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-omni-art75-ai-office-competence-2","claimId":"omni-art75-ai-office-competence","sourceId":"source-eu-digital-omnibus-ai-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 1, point (31)(b), new Article 75(1), point (a)","passage":"AI systems based on general-purpose AI models where the model and the system are developed by the same provider, or by providers forming part of the same undertaking as that provider","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing session against the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. The point continues with the exceptions (i) to (iv). Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-eugl-early-notification-1","claimId":"eugl-early-notification","sourceId":"source-eu-gpai-guidelines-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph (30), first sentence","passage":"a notification may be required before training is complete, if the provider can reasonably foresee that the requirement that leads to the presumption of the model having high-impact capabilities is reasonably likely to be met","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-11","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing machine agent against the text extracted from the file retrieved on 2026-10-11. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-11 (review/frontier-governance-2-audit-2026-10-11.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-eugl-early-notification-2","claimId":"eugl-early-notification","sourceId":"source-eu-gpai-guidelines-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph (30), third sentence","passage":"providers should estimate the cumulative amount of training compute that they will use before starting this run","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-11","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing machine agent against the text extracted from the file retrieved on 2026-10-11. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-11 (review/frontier-governance-2-audit-2026-10-11.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ec-g01-f","claimId":"ec-g01-clancy-besiroglu-2023-great-inflection-c","sourceId":"source-clancy-besiroglu-2023-great-inflection","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Matt Clancy's closing turn, paragraph beginning \"One final meta point\"","passage":"I am nervous about relying heavily on economic models to project a break with historical experience, as I don’t think the models are up to the job of making strong quantitative forecasts outside the range of historical experience.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage G01-f (research/economics-growth). The quotation (38 words) matched the checked expression (asterisk-debate) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day, whose SHA-256 differs from the recorded one. On 2026-10-30, by the maintainer’s decision of that day, the quotation was corrected to the archive capture of 2023-12-23 (quotation marks and apostrophes as in the capture), which a cross-family archive check read on 2026-10-28; the proposition is unchanged. The record bears the headline role earliest-located-tier-2; the change was first held under the override rule and is applied by the same decision, since it changes no wording."},{"id":"evidence-ec-g01-f2","claimId":"ec-g01-clancy-besiroglu-2023-great-inflection-c","sourceId":"source-clancy-besiroglu-2023-great-inflection","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Matt Clancy's first turn, beginning \"That's right\"","passage":"I think it’s maybe a 10% to 20% chance, depending on how I’m feeling, that economic growth becomes explosive, by your definition","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage G01-f2 (research/economics-growth). The quotation (22 words) matched the checked expression (asterisk-debate) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day, whose SHA-256 differs from the recorded one. On 2026-10-30, by the maintainer’s decision of that day, the quotation was corrected to the archive capture of 2023-12-23 (quotation marks and apostrophes as in the capture), which a cross-family archive check read on 2026-10-28; the proposition is unchanged. 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The quotation (13 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 56417f65f9c799c22def31f110fef4bd3608c259096f65e3938b95164cfd9dd1) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"evidence-ec-e03-18","claimId":"ec-e03-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk-a","sourceId":"source-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf p.2; Abstract","passage":"In the model, for most of the scenarios and parameter combinations considered, spending at least 1% of GDP annually to mitigate AI risk can be justified even without placing any value on the welfare of future generations.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-16","note":"Candidate pack passage E03-18 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (37 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 56417f65f9c799c22def31f110fef4bd3608c259096f65e3938b95164cfd9dd1) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"A model scenario, not the author's own forecast (maintainer decision D3).","requires":"The model's conditions and the author's own assessment."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-e03-19","claimId":"ec-e03-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk-a","sourceId":"source-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf p.17; §3, Monte Carlo results","passage":"Even without considering the value of future generations, the average optimal mitigation share is 8.1% of GDP.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-16","note":"Candidate pack passage E03-19 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). 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The quotation (18 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 56417f65f9c799c22def31f110fef4bd3608c259096f65e3938b95164cfd9dd1) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"lg-ev-goo-douglas-gdm-2025","claimId":"lg-goo-chen-gdm-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-goo-x-hassabis-windsurf-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Post text, first sentence","passage":"Hassabis welcomes Windsurf founders Varun Mohan and Douglas Chen and some of the Windsurf engineering team to Google DeepMind.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “founders @_mohansolo & Douglas Chen” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through X’s own syndication endpoint for the post’s text, which truncates long notes. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"x_syndication"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-rajic-cro-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-rajic-cro-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-rajic-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening sentence","passage":"Dali Rajic will be joining as Chief Revenue Officer","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (9 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"ev-cmp-fsf-2024-d6-discretion-1","claimId":"cmp-fsf-2024-d6-discretion","sourceId":"source-fsf-1-0","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4 (printed p. 4), Deployment Mitigations, introductory paragraph, last sentence","passage":"the mitigation options listed below are illustrative and will need to be tailored to different use cases and risks.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d2-levels-1","claimId":"cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d2-levels","sourceId":"source-ms-fgf-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4 (printed p. 3), §2 Capabilities and risks, paragraph after the tracked-capabilities list, first sentence","passage":"The edition says the framework assesses whether a tracked capability presents a risk to public safety or national security that is low, medium, high or critical.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"c2-ev-baidu-ernie-bot-launch","claimId":"c2-baidu-ernie-bot-launch","sourceId":"c2-src-baidu-erniebot-prn-2023","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Release summary bullets","passage":"Starting March 16, 2023, ERNIE Bot will be accessible to invited users, and the API will be available upon application to enterprise clients via Baidu AI Cloud.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (27 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K003) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c2-ev-baidu-ernie-bot-launch-dev","claimId":"c2-baidu-ernie-bot-launch","sourceId":"c2-src-baidu-erniebot-prn-2023","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Release summary, first bullet","passage":"ERNIE Bot is a new-generation large language model (LLM) and generative AI product developed by Baidu.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (16 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K003) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c2-ev-baidu-ernie-bot-launch-20f","claimId":"c2-baidu-ernie-bot-launch","sourceId":"c2-src-baidu-20f-fy2023","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Item 4.B, Business overview, 'AI Capabilities'","passage":"Baidu released ERNIE Bot, our conversational AI bot powered by ERNIE, our in-house foundation model in the first quarter of 2023.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (21 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (direct retrieval failed); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K003) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"c2-ev-governance-sail-frmf-v1-cites-tc260-1","claimId":"c2-governance-sail-frmf-v1-cites-tc260","sourceId":"c2-src-sail-frmf-v1-en","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"§1.1 Scope of Risk Identification","passage":"Our Framework builds upon the International AI Safety Report (January 2025) ... and AI Safety Governance Framework v1.0","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (17 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Elided quotation: the ellipses mark omitted words. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c2-ev-governance-sail-frmf-v1-cites-tc260-2","claimId":"c2-governance-sail-frmf-v1-cites-tc260","sourceId":"c2-src-sail-frmf-v1-en","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"§1.1, footnote 6","passage":"National Technical Committee 260 on Cybersecurity of SAC, \"AI Safety Governance Framework,\" 2024","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (13 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-ny-2025-civil-penalty-1","claimId":"fl-us-ny-2025-civil-penalty","sourceId":"source-ny-s6953b-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Proposed GBL § 1422(1)(a), p. 5","passage":"a civil penalty in an amount not exceeding ten million dollars for a first violation and in an amount not exceeding thirty million dollars for any subsequent violation","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (28 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from legislation.nysenate.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 80) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-uk-csr-bill-ai-incidents-1","claimId":"fl-uk-csr-bill-ai-incidents","sourceId":"source-uk-ai-defences-release-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Summary bullets","passage":"Stronger protections against emerging AI threats to be considered through the Cyber Security and Resilience Bill regime, such as how serious AI incidents and near misses can be identified and reported.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (31 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from www.gov.uk. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc8-suncatcher-paper-2025-1","claimId":"cpo-orb-oc8-suncatcher-paper-2025","sourceId":"source-cpo-orb-suncatcher-arxiv-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 7, further work","passage":"Currently, failed TPUs are manually replaced by technicians, which is relatively simple and low-cost on Earth, but obviously impracticable in space. The simplest solution is redundant provisioning.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (27 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 101) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-ch-nvidia-us-production-plan-1","claimId":"cpo-ch-nvidia-us-production-plan","sourceId":"source-cpo-ch-nvidia-us-mfg-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 5","passage":"Within the next four years, NVIDIA plans to produce up to half a trillion dollars of AI infrastructure in the United States","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-ch-nvidia-us-production-plan-2","claimId":"cpo-ch-nvidia-us-production-plan","sourceId":"source-cpo-ch-nvidia-us-mfg-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 5","passage":"through partnerships with TSMC, Foxconn, Wistron, Amkor and SPIL.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-ppl-hassabis-alphafold-paper-1","claimId":"aib-ppl-hassabis-alphafold-paper","sourceId":"source-atlas-alphafold-paper","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Author information: Authors and Affiliations","passage":"Andrew W. Senior, Koray Kavukcuoglu, Pushmeet Kohli & Demis Hassabis","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (9 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-ppl-hassabis-alphafold-paper-2","claimId":"aib-ppl-hassabis-alphafold-paper","sourceId":"source-atlas-alphafold-paper","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Author information: Contributions","passage":"J.J. and D.H. led the research.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (6 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-kp-states-communication-efficient-learning-deep-networks-2016-1-1","claimId":"kp-states-communication-efficient-learning-deep-networks-2016-1","sourceId":"source-kp-communication-efficient-learning-deep-networks-2016-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"arXiv v1 (titled \"Federated Learning of Deep Networks using Model Averaging\"), PDF p. 1, abstract","passage":"We advocate an alternative that leaves the training data distributed on the mobile devices, and learns a shared model by aggregating locally-computed updates.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The quotation (23 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (research/key-papers/verification.json). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and line-break hyphens, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B046) found the quotation at its locator. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-instructgpt-paper-ethical-social-risks-harm-from-2021-1","claimId":"kp-cites-instructgpt-paper-ethical-social-risks-harm-from-2021","sourceId":"source-instructgpt-paper-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 25, reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2112.04359.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B072) found the citation in the citing text. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-gshard-scaling-giant-models-conditional-2020-1","claimId":"kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-gshard-scaling-giant-models-conditional-2020","sourceId":"c2-src-kimi-k2-pdf-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 22, reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2006.16668.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B075) found the citation in the citing text. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-ernie-2-report-efficient-estimation-word-representations-vector-2013-1","claimId":"kp-cites-ernie-2-report-efficient-estimation-word-representations-vector-2013","sourceId":"c2-src-ernie2-arxiv-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10, reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 1301.3781.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-th-dl-term-dechter-1986-1","claimId":"th-dl-term-dechter-1986","sourceId":"source-th-b-dechter-1986","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 5, experimental results","passage":"Our experiments (implemented in LISP on a Symbolics LISP Machine) show that in most cases both performance measures improve as we move from shallow learning to deep learning and from first-order to second-order.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (33 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The text layer reads “Symbolits”; the printed page reads “Symbolics”, as the cross-family check found (item 130). The quotation gives the printed form; the rest matched the text layer. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 130) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. Its point that the quotation is repaired to the printed form was applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-th-prob-minsky-1961-term-1","claimId":"th-prob-minsky-1961-term","sourceId":"source-minsky-1961-mit","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"section on property-list decisions, heading I","passage":"“Bayes nets” for combining independent properties","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (6 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 77) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-th-prob-minsky-1961-term-2","claimId":"th-prob-minsky-1961-term","sourceId":"source-minsky-1961-mit","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"same section, after the \"decision demon\" passage","passage":"It is quite easy to add to this “Bayes network model” a mechanism, which will enable it to learn the optimal connection weightings.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (23 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 77) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-th-rl-sutton-1988-credits-samuel-1","claimId":"th-rl-sutton-1988-credits-samuel","sourceId":"source-th-d-sutton-1988","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, abstract","passage":"have been used in Samuel's checker player, Holland's bucket brigade, and the author's Adaptive Heuristic Critic","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (16 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 71) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-th-rl-sutton-1988-credits-samuel-2","claimId":"th-rl-sutton-1988-credits-samuel","sourceId":"source-th-d-sutton-1988","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 34, references","passage":"in machine learning using the game of checkers. IBM Journal on Research and Development, 3, 210-229.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (16 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 71) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-shlab-frmf-practice-finding","claimId":"c3-shlab-frmf-practice-finding","sourceId":"c3-src-frmf-practice-arxiv-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract","passage":"Experimental results show that all recent frontier AI models reside in green and yellow zones, without crossing red lines.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (19 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-rd-r11-ng-2023-batch-issue-220-1","claimId":"rd-r11-ng-2023-batch-issue-220","sourceId":"source-rd-ng-2023-batch-issue-220","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Letter, paragraph 3","passage":"When I try to evaluate how realistic these arguments are, I find them frustratingly vague and nonspecific. They boil down to “it could happen.”","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (24 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item 95) re-read the record’s source and found the quotation and stance supported. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-rd-r11-ng-2023-batch-issue-220-2","claimId":"rd-r11-ng-2023-batch-issue-220","sourceId":"source-rd-ng-2023-batch-issue-220","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Letter, final paragraph","passage":"Let’s make sure unsubstantiated fears don’t handicap that progress.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (9 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item 95) re-read the record’s source and found the quotation and stance supported. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,2,7,18,21,22,28,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,94,134,201,202,248,252,264,329,376,377,385,465,492,496,501,504,532,587,602,635,651,662,945,953,964,989,1002,1003,1004,1037,1053,1063,1093,1122,1486,1489,1517,1522,1599,1617,1627,1657,1659,1734,1889,1902],"claims":[425,597,717,958,1172,1181,1213,1220,1247,1529,1793,1901,2101,2723,2738,2790,3015,3042,3100,3208,3654,3864,4318,4335,4445,4802,4823,4898,5025,5252],"sources":[42,44,46,47,94,134,184,239,240,264,334,352,432,458,463,483,551,647,756,774,776,780,792,815,872,899,922,955,1442,1516,1543,1644,1788],"evidence":[457,673,674,897,898,1181,1423,1433,1491,1492,1511,1512,1560,1561,1908,1909,1910,1911,2306,2461,2721,3419,3444,3445,3446,3546,3547,3912,3950,4076,4360,4361,5050,5051,5322,5776,5793,5903,6283,6313,6314,6415,6416,6634,7022,7023]},"version":"131evrz"}