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Failure to provide access is subject to the fines in Article 101 (recorded separately).","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-eu-aia-art92-3-access-1","evidence-fl-eu-aia-art92-3-access-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"aia-art92-3"}}},{"id":"fl-us-eo14409-covered-frontier-model-threshold","subject":"us-eo-14409-2026","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Classified benchmarking process and threshold for designating a \"covered frontier model\" (Sec. 3(a))"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Section 3(a) of Executive Order 14409 directs named agencies, within 60 days, to develop and maintain a classified benchmarking process to assess AI models’ advanced cyber capabilities and to determine the threshold at which a model is designated a \"covered frontier model\", the determination to be made by the Director of NSA.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-06-05","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as the edition states it, dated by its date of publication, 2026-06-05. 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Human review pending."},{"id":"evidence-supersedes-rsp-3-3-2","claimId":"supersedes-rsp-3-3","sourceId":"source-rsp-archive","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Policy versions, adjacent v3.3 and v3.2 entries","passage":"The publisher lists these successive editions in its policy archive.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-18","note":"Official source inspected by machine; passage is an editorial paraphrase. Human review pending."},{"id":"evidence-xm-touvron-meta","claimId":"xm-touvron-meta","sourceId":"source-xm-llama-paper","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title-page authors and Meta AI affiliation.","passage":"Hugo Touvron is listed among the authors affiliated with Meta AI.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-29","note":"Passage checked by machine against the identified source expression. No human editorial acceptance or independent verification of implementation is implied."},{"id":"evidence-prov-frontier-governance-2026-systemic-risk-definition","claimId":"prov-frontier-governance-2026-systemic-risk-definition","sourceId":"source-fgf-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 5 (printed p. 03), §2.1 Systemic risk identification, first paragraph, second sentence (from “including”)","passage":"including risks that a model will materially contribute to greater than 50 fatalities or $1 billion of property damages or losses arising from a single incident.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the inspected PDF, byte-identical (after decompression) to the Internet Archive capture of 2026-05-29. Extraction note: Starts mid-sentence; the omitted opening says the FGF’s definition of systemic risk includes foreseeable and material risks of severe harm from the development, storage, use or deployment of OpenAI’s most advanced frontier models. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t10-e2","claimId":"yk-y10-extropians-1996-11-16-yudkowsky-3042-c","sourceId":"source-extropians-1996-11-16-yudkowsky-3042","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'You don't need enhanced smartness'","passage":"to outrun *any* task … all you need is recursive Moore's Law.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T10-e2. The quotation (12 words; trimmed 2026-10-13 from 17 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 503a92b7b1ebb6206d1a83d08bfdea7ff353455429907d2ae2ce58039d69cc1f) when checked on 2026-10-07.","contextOnly":{"reason":"Rests on reasoning he later abandoned; never show without the later view","requires":"His 1998 statement that the recursive Moore's Law scenario was an illustration and not a plausible situation.","claimIds":["yk-y10-extropians-1998-09-18-yudkowsky-2487-c"]}},{"id":"evidence-yk-t10-e3","claimId":"yk-y10-extropians-1998-09-18-yudkowsky-2487-c","sourceId":"source-extropians-1998-09-18-yudkowsky-2487","passage":"Once intelligence can be enhanced by technology, the rate of progress in technology is a function of how far you've already gone.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"evidence-yk-t18-s4","claimId":"yk-y18-sl4-2006-06-13-yudkowsky-0606-15271-c","sourceId":"source-sl4-2006-06-13-yudkowsky-0606-15271","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'A comparative handful of improvements to underlying *generators*'","passage":"Ricardo's Law of Comparative Advantage does not extend to chimps. And chimps are our closest cousins! What about mice? What about lizards?","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T18-s4. The quotation (22 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 ec202f5e12518658e764c9a55395bbb1e6c0b25536b248c1db87a4d560f6fb8e) when checked on 2026-10-07."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t30-e","claimId":"yk-y30-lw-2022-miri-announces-new-death-with-dignity-c","sourceId":"source-lw-2022-miri-announces-new-death-with-dignity","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"opening tl;dr","passage":"It's obvious at this point that humanity isn't going to solve the alignment problem, or even try very hard, or even go out with much of a fight.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Candidate pack passage T30-e. The quotation (28 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 837d23194d166460a8f1337f25106cae3f72107e166c1817ff6546492a77d7e9) when checked on 2026-10-06. It also matched the posting-day version 1.0.0. Pack version note: edited post, current version 1.6.0; posting-day check pending.","contextOnly":{"reason":"An April 1 post framed as a preview of what might be needed later; never show without that framing","requires":"The post's own framing, given in the qualification: posted on 1 April in US time zones, it calls itself a preview of what might need saying later."}},{"id":"evidence-eugl-enforcement-timing-1","claimId":"eugl-enforcement-timing","sourceId":"source-eu-gpai-guidelines-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 5.3, last paragraph, sentence beginning \"In the first year\"","passage":"In the first year from 2 August 2025 onwards, the Commission cannot take any enforcement actions","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-11","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing machine agent against the text extracted from the file retrieved on 2026-10-11. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-11 (review/frontier-governance-2-audit-2026-10-11.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-eugl-enforcement-timing-2","claimId":"eugl-enforcement-timing","sourceId":"source-eu-gpai-guidelines-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 5.3, last paragraph, second sentence","passage":"This lack of enforcement does not put into question the applicability of the obligations laid down in Chapter V of the AI Act from 2 August 2025 onwards (Article 113, point (b), AI Act).","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-11","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing machine agent against the text extracted from the file retrieved on 2026-10-11. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-11 (review/frontier-governance-2-audit-2026-10-11.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-eugl-enforcement-timing-3","claimId":"eugl-enforcement-timing","sourceId":"source-eu-gpai-guidelines-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 5.3, last paragraph, last sentence","passage":"From 2 August 2026 onwards, the Commission will enforce with fines compliance with all obligations by providers of general-purpose AI models who are not fully compliant on that date","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-11","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing machine agent against the text extracted from the file retrieved on 2026-10-11. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-11 (review/frontier-governance-2-audit-2026-10-11.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"lg-ev-new-jones-google-research-2017","claimId":"lg-new-jones-google-research-2017","sourceId":"source-attention-all-you-need-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title page, author block","passage":"Llion Jones∗ Google Research","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (4 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-nicole-seligman-board-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-nicole-seligman-board-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-board-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening paragraph","passage":"The announcement names Nicole Seligman among three new members of OpenAI’s Board of Directors.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Nicole Seligman, former EVP and General Counsel at Sony Corporation” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-weng-openai-preparedness-2024","claimId":"lg-gs-weng-openai-preparedness-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-engadget-preparedness-2025","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 5","passage":"Altman said at the time that the role would be taken over by … Joaquin Quinonero Candela and Lilian Weng","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (20 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Elided quotation: the ellipses mark omitted words. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-weng-openai-preparedness-2024-role","claimId":"lg-gs-weng-openai-preparedness-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-engadget-preparedness-2025","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 5","passage":"former Head of Preparedness, Aleksander Madry, was reassigned back in July 2024","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (12 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-wierstra-cofounded-h-company-a","claimId":"lg-gw-wierstra-cofounded-h-company","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-tc-h-2024","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 3, sentence introducing the list","passage":"The four other co-founders all previously worked for DeepMind","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (9 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-wierstra-cofounded-h-company-b","claimId":"lg-gw-wierstra-cofounded-h-company","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-tc-h-2024","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 3, third list item","passage":"Daan Wierstra, who will become H’s chief scientist, was a founding member at DeepMind.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (14 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v2-0-d4-oversight-1","claimId":"cmp-rsp-v2-0-d4-oversight","sourceId":"source-rsp-2-0","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 13 (printed p. 9), §4.3 Safeguards Decision, fourth bullet","passage":"If the CEO and RSO decide to proceed with deployment and training, they will share their decision–as well as the underlying Capability Report, internal feedback, and any external feedback–with the Board of Directors and the Long-Term Benefit Trust before moving forward.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Existing dataset passage for this edition, which contains the comparison’s shorter quotation, first checked on 2026-10-03. The comparison’s quotation was checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The omitted words list the underlying Capability Report, internal feedback and any external feedback. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1999-08-04-yudkowsky-1589","claimId":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1999-08-04-yudkowsky-1589","sourceId":"source-extropians-1999-08-04-yudkowsky-1589","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Credited as “Eliezer S. Yudkowsky” (message header, sender name (address not reproduced)).","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Given as a labelled paraphrase because a quotation would exceed the short-quotation limit for this document. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2000-11-13-yudkowsky-0011-0181","claimId":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2000-11-13-yudkowsky-0011-0181","sourceId":"source-sl4-2000-11-13-yudkowsky-0011-0181","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2002-09-10-yudkowsky-0209-5398","claimId":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2002-09-10-yudkowsky-0209-5398","sourceId":"source-sl4-2002-09-10-yudkowsky-0209-5398","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2002-09-19-yudkowsky-0209-5571","claimId":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2002-09-19-yudkowsky-0209-5571","sourceId":"source-sl4-2002-09-19-yudkowsky-0209-5571","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2012-reply-to-holden-on-tool-ai","claimId":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2012-reply-to-holden-on-tool-ai","sourceId":"source-lw-2012-reply-to-holden-on-tool-ai","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Post author list in the publisher’s post data (LessWrong GraphQL API)","passage":"Eliezer Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval through the publisher’s post data. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-2023-d2-levels-1","claimId":"cmp-rsp-2023-d2-levels","sourceId":"source-rsp-1-0","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 2 (printed p. 2), Framework, first paragraph, second sentence","passage":"The edition sets out AI safety levels (ASLs) as capability thresholds representing rising potential risk, each level calling for stricter safety, security and operational measures than the level below.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The summary table (PDF p. 4) lists ASL-1, ASL-2, ASL-3, ASL-4 and ASL-5+; only ASL-2 and ASL-3 are defined, and the edition commits to defining ASL-4 evaluations before it first trains ASL-3 models (PDF p. 4, item 3). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-meta-aasf-v2-0-d1-other-1","claimId":"cmp-meta-aasf-v2-0-d1-other","sourceId":"source-meta-aasf-v2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 23, §3.4.3 Loss of Control, table row 'Loss of Control 2', Outcome and Potential Threat Scenario columns","passage":"The edition names the outcome “Loss of Control 2” as losing the ability to monitor how AI behaves in operation, with the threat scenario that AI disables or corrupts monitors so as to reduce oversight and achieve its objectives.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Example enabling capabilities in the same row are monitor awareness and monitor interference. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-meta-aasf-v2-0-d1-other-2","claimId":"cmp-meta-aasf-v2-0-d1-other","sourceId":"source-meta-aasf-v2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 36 (printed p. 36), §4.2.4 Emerging Evaluations and Outcomes, 'Physical autonomy', first sentence","passage":"The edition says physical autonomy is now a further, nascent outcome of Frontier AI.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-aia-art92-3-access-1","claimId":"fl-eu-aia-art92-3-access","sourceId":"source-eu-ai-act-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 92(3)","passage":"through APIs or further appropriate technical means and tools, including source code","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (12 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read the Publications Office's Cellar repository (the same Official Journal expression as the dataset's EUR-Lex source; EUR-Lex returned empty responses). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 35) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-aia-art92-3-access-2","claimId":"fl-eu-aia-art92-3-access","sourceId":"source-eu-ai-act-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 92(5)","passage":"The providers of the model concerned or their representative are to supply the information requested, with persons authorised to represent a legal person providing the access on its behalf.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved on 2026-10-27 and read the Publications Office's Cellar repository (the same Official Journal expression as the dataset's EUR-Lex source; EUR-Lex returned empty responses); it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 35) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-eo14409-covered-frontier-model-threshold-1","claimId":"fl-us-eo14409-covered-frontier-model-threshold","sourceId":"source-us-eo-14409-fr","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Sec. 3(a), 91 FR 34566","passage":"develop and maintain a classified benchmarking process to assess the advanced cyber capabilities of AI models and determine the threshold at which an AI model should be designated a","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (29 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.govinfo.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 67) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-ny-2025-def-frontier-model-1","claimId":"fl-us-ny-2025-def-frontier-model","sourceId":"source-ny-s6953b-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Proposed GBL § 1420(6)(a), p. 2","passage":"an artificial intelligence model trained using greater than","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from legislation.nysenate.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Continues \"10º26 computational operations (e.g., integer or floating-point operations), the compute cost of which exceeds one hundred million dollars\" (exponent garbled in the text layer). No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-ny-2025-def-frontier-model-2","claimId":"fl-us-ny-2025-def-frontier-model","sourceId":"source-ny-s6953b-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Proposed GBL § 1420(6)(a), p. 2","passage":"the compute cost of which exceeds one hundred million dollars","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (10 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from legislation.nysenate.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm-1","claimId":"cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm","sourceId":"source-cpo-ch-bis-fdpr-hbm-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"89 FR 96790, SUMMARY","passage":"adding new controls for certain high bandwidth memory important for advanced computing","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (12 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm-2","claimId":"cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm","sourceId":"source-cpo-ch-bis-fdpr-hbm-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"89 FR 96792, preamble (PDF p. 3)","passage":"memory (HBM) commodities that provide necessary memory capacity and bandwidth needed for advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models and supercomputing applications","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (20 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm-3","claimId":"cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm","sourceId":"source-cpo-ch-bis-fdpr-hbm-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"89 FR 96793, overview (PDF p. 4)","passage":"Addition of HBM controls, including addition of new ECCN 3A090.c and License Exceptions HBM","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (14 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-suncatcher-paper-published-1","claimId":"cpo-orb-suncatcher-paper-published","sourceId":"source-cpo-orb-suncatcher-arxiv-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, arXiv stamp","passage":"arXiv:2511.19468v1 [cs.DC] 22 Nov 2025","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (5 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-arg-p1-mullard-2021-1","claimId":"aib-arg-p1-mullard-2021","sourceId":"source-aib-mullard-2021-nrdd","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Standfirst","passage":"but the implications for drug discovery are more incremental. For now.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (11 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The standfirst is the publication's own summary. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B107) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-arg-p1-lyu-2024-1","claimId":"aib-arg-p1-lyu-2024","sourceId":"source-aib-lyu-2024-epmc","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract (Europe PMC record, abstractText), last sentence","passage":"AF2 models may sample conformations that differ from experimental structures but remain low energy and relevant for ligand discovery, extending the domain of structure-based drug design.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (26 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Abstract text relayed by Europe PMC's record of the PubMed abstract: the authors' own text, so primary; the journal expression was not read. The authors' conclusion. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B113) re-read the record’s sources and found full support; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-arg-p1-lyu-2024-2","claimId":"aib-arg-p1-lyu-2024","sourceId":"source-aib-lyu-2024-epmc","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract (Europe PMC record, abstractText), first sentence","passage":"AlphaFold2 (AF2) models have had wide impact but mixed success in retrospective ligand recognition.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (14 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Abstract text relayed by Europe PMC's record of the PubMed abstract: the authors' own text, so primary; the journal expression was not read. The authors' own statement of the earlier record, kept with the claim. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B113) re-read the record’s sources and found full support; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-arg-p1-lyu-2024-3","claimId":"aib-arg-p1-lyu-2024","sourceId":"source-aib-lyu-2024-science-capture","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Header of the captured article page","passage":"The publisher’s page gives online publication on 16 May 2024; the print issue is dated 21 June 2024.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Added at the admission of the AI in biology pack (research/ai-in-biology). The cross-family machine check of 2026-10-30 opened the Internet Archive capture this source names; this admission could not reach the Internet Archive and did not repeat the reading. The passage is Selekoa’s paraphrase of what the check reported, not a quotation. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-states-adam-paper-1-1","claimId":"kp-states-adam-paper-1","sourceId":"source-adam-paper-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"arXiv v1, PDF p. 1, abstract","passage":"We introduce Adam, an algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization of stochastic objective functions.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The quotation (13 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (research/key-papers/verification.json). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and line-break hyphens, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-llama-paper-language-models-few-shot-learners-2020-1","claimId":"kp-cites-llama-paper-language-models-few-shot-learners-2020","sourceId":"source-xm-llama-paper","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B062) found the citation in the citing text. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-deepseek-v3-report-measuring-massive-multitask-language-understanding-2020-1","claimId":"kp-cites-deepseek-v3-report-measuring-massive-multitask-language-understanding-2020","sourceId":"source-cn-v3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2009.03300.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2018-economic-policy-for-ai-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-1","claimId":"kp-cites-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2018-economic-policy-for-ai-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth","sourceId":"source-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2018-economic-policy-for-ai","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 23, reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-corrigibility-2015-basic-ai-drives-2008-1","claimId":"kp-cites-corrigibility-2015-basic-ai-drives-2008","sourceId":"source-corrigibility-2015-pdf","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10, reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title with author and year) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-qwen-report-program-synthesis-large-language-models-2021-1","claimId":"kp-cites-qwen-report-program-synthesis-large-language-models-2021","sourceId":"source-cn-qwen","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2108.07732.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-sail-frontier-ai-risk-management-framework-v1-0-gpqa-graduate-level-google-proof-2023-1","claimId":"kp-cites-sail-frontier-ai-risk-management-framework-v1-0-gpqa-graduate-level-google-proof-2023","sourceId":"c2-src-sail-frmf-v1-en","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 46, reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2311.12022.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B074) found the citation in the citing text. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-authored-llion-jones-attention-all-you-need-1","claimId":"kp-authored-llion-jones-attention-all-you-need","sourceId":"source-attention-all-you-need-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, byline","passage":"Llion Jones","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The printed name (2 words) was found in the byline of the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item A090) transcribed the byline blind. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-authored-kristina-toutanova-boolq-exploring-surprising-difficulty-natural-2019-1","claimId":"kp-authored-kristina-toutanova-boolq-exploring-surprising-difficulty-natural-2019","sourceId":"source-kp-boolq-exploring-surprising-difficulty-natural-2019-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, byline","passage":"Kristina Toutanova","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The printed name (2 words) was found in the byline of the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-authored-zhifeng-chen-lamda-language-models-dialog-applications-2022-1","claimId":"kp-authored-zhifeng-chen-lamda-language-models-dialog-applications-2022","sourceId":"source-kp-lamda-language-models-dialog-applications-2022-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, byline","passage":"Zhifeng Chen","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The printed name (2 words) was found in the byline of the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-authored-oriol-vinyals-scaling-language-models-methods-analysis-2021-1","claimId":"kp-authored-oriol-vinyals-scaling-language-models-methods-analysis-2021","sourceId":"source-kp-scaling-language-models-methods-analysis-2021-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, byline","passage":"Oriol Vinyals","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The printed name (2 words) was found in the byline of the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28. No human editorial review."},{"id":"c3-ev-baai-tang-vp-2021","claimId":"c3-baai-tang-jie-academic-vp-2021","sourceId":"c3-src-baai-hub-8375","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 二, paragraph on the Wu Dao 2.0 presentation","passage":"开幕式上，智源研究院学术副院长唐杰教授介绍了“悟道2.0”模型的具体情况","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (31 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “At the opening ceremony, Professor Tang Jie, BAAI's vice president for academic affairs, introduced the details of the 'Wu Dao 2.0' model”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K018) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-baai-tang-wudao-team","claimId":"c3-baai-tang-jie-academic-vp-2021","sourceId":"c3-src-baai-hub-8375","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Section 二, paragraph on the Wu Dao team","passage":"成立了由智源研究院学术副院长唐杰教授领衔，100多位科研骨干共同参与的“悟道”团队","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (36 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “set up the 'Wu Dao' team, led by Professor Tang Jie, BAAI's vice president for academic affairs, with more than 100 core researchers”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K018) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-01ai-yi-lightning-report","claimId":"c3-01ai-yi-lightning-report","sourceId":"c3-src-yi-lightning-abs-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"arXiv abstract page, abstract","passage":"This technical report presents Yi-Lightning, our latest flagship large language model (LLM).","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (12 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-01ai-yi-lightning-report-2","claimId":"c3-01ai-yi-lightning-report","sourceId":"lg-src-cn-01ai-about","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"公司介绍, timeline entry 2024.10","passage":"2024.10 Yi-Lightning 发布","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (4 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “2024.10 Yi-Lightning released”. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-sensetime-yang-fan-director-2025","claimId":"c3-sensetime-yang-fan-director-2025","sourceId":"c3-src-sensetime-agm-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Appointment of executive Directors","passage":"The Board is pleased to announce that the appointment of each of Mr. Yang and Mr. Wang as an executive Director has been approved by the Shareholders at the Annual General Meeting.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (32 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K071) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-sensetime-yang-fan-director-2025-2","claimId":"c3-sensetime-yang-fan-director-2025","sourceId":"c3-src-sensetime-agm-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Appointment of executive Directors","passage":"each with a three-year term commencing from June 26, 2025","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (10 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K071) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-governance-cac-genai-list-2024-04-entry-zero-one-ai-1","claimId":"c3-governance-cac-genai-list-2024-04-entry-zero-one-ai","sourceId":"c3-src-cac-genai-list-2024-04","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Table row 67","passage":"67 北京市 零一万物大模型 北京零一万物科技有限 公司 Beijing-LingYiWanWu-20240102 2024/1/17","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (25 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “Row 67: Beijing; 01.AI large model; Beijing 01.AI Technology Co., Ltd.; Beijing-LingYiWanWu-20240102; 2024/1/17”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K050) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,19,21,39,40,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,55,87,89,157,161,165,175,183,192,199,200,207,249,322,359,367,378,402,408,433,439,451,473,474,487,491,496,501,527,546,650,679,729,731,753,761,793,989,1044,1053,1086,1093,1421,1423,1442,1446,1448,1457,1461,1480,1488,1494,1502,1544,1559,1674,1708,1723,1731],"claims":[80,341,453,1055,1056,1110,1186,1224,1587,1676,1707,2001,2051,2373,2389,2414,2415,2450,2487,2699,2879,3002,3016,3065,3112,3726,3735,3752,3907,3938,4018,4113,4147,4330,4463,4599,4631,4668,4932,5008,5021,5117],"sources":[29,35,36,42,50,87,89,152,162,165,180,327,369,375,400,406,418,440,441,454,457,463,498,577,657,687,738,815,881,899,910,922,1212,1216,1236,1329,1361,1384,1580,1587,1614,1631],"evidence":[91,92,364,484,1284,1285,1349,1439,1517,1518,1519,1985,2112,2163,2164,2585,2586,2651,3020,3036,3061,3062,3097,3134,3391,3392,3694,3695,3892,3913,3914,4015,4016,4017,4099,5165,5182,5183,5184,5210,5365,5396,5476,5571,5605,5788,5921,6057,6089,6126,6473,6474,6606,6607,6628,6629,6782]},"version":"131evrz"}