{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI"},{"id":"anthropic","name":"Anthropic"},{"id":"microsoft","name":"Microsoft"},{"id":"amazon","name":"Amazon"},{"id":"daniela-amodei","name":"Daniela Amodei"},{"id":"eliezer-yudkowsky","name":"Eliezer Yudkowsky"},{"id":"intelligence-explosion","name":"Intelligence explosion"},{"id":"rsp-v2-2","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.2"},{"id":"rsp-v3-3","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.3"},{"id":"alibaba-group","name":"Alibaba Group / 阿里巴巴集团"},{"id":"junyang-lin","name":"Junyang Lin"},{"id":"meta-faf-v1-1","name":"Meta Frontier AI Framework — Version 1.1"},{"id":"ms-fgf-2025","name":"Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework — Version 1 (February 2025)"},{"id":"ms-fgf-2026","name":"Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework — February 2026"},{"id":"california-sb-53","name":"California SB 53 (2025): Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, as chaptered"},{"id":"jay-kreps","name":"Jay Kreps"},{"id":"european-commission","name":"European Commission"},{"id":"inflection-ai","name":"Inflection AI"},{"id":"wh-voluntary-ai-commitments-2023-07","name":"Ensuring Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI: voluntary AI commitments (July 2023)"},{"id":"gpai-code-of-practice-2025","name":"General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (final version, 10 July 2025)"},{"id":"vinge-1993-coming-technological-singularity","name":"The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era"},{"id":"yudkowsky-2008-hard-takeoff","name":"Hard Takeoff"},{"id":"corrigibility-2015","name":"Corrigibility"},{"id":"intelligence-brings-benevolence","name":"Sufficient intelligence brings good values"},{"id":"slow-takeoff-time-to-adjust","name":"A slow takeoff will leave time to adjust"},{"id":"build-superintelligence-fast","name":"Build superintelligence as fast as possible"},{"id":"coherent-extrapolated-volition-2004","name":"Coherent Extrapolated Volition"},{"id":"extropians-1996-11-22-yudkowsky-3178","name":"Interim purpose"},{"id":"eu-digital-omnibus-ai-2026","name":"Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), as published in the Official Journal"},{"id":"eu-gpai-guidelines-communication-2025","name":"Communication to the Commission C(2025) 5045: approval of the content of the draft guidelines on the obligations of providers of general-purpose AI models (18 July 2025)"},{"id":"accelerating-growth-from-automated-research","name":"Automated research produces accelerating growth"},{"id":"long-run-history-suggests-acceleration","name":"Long-run history suggests a further acceleration"},{"id":"automation-lowers-labour-income","name":"Automation lowers the labour share, wages or employment"},{"id":"karnofsky-2020-comment-human-trajectory","name":"Comment on \"Modeling the Human Trajectory\" (\"Some personal reactions on this piece\")"},{"id":"davidson-2021-explosive-economic-growth","name":"Could Advanced AI Drive Explosive Economic Growth?"},{"id":"sachs-kotlikoff-2012-smart-machines","name":"Smart Machines and Long-Term Misery"},{"id":"korinek-stiglitz-2017-ai-income-distribution","name":"Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications for Income Distribution and Unemployment"},{"id":"stevenson-2019-ai-income-employment-meaning","name":"Artificial Intelligence, Income, Employment, and Meaning"},{"id":"us-ai-safety-institute","name":"U.S. AI Safety Institute"},{"id":"ai-improving-ai-accelerates-capability","name":"Machine intelligence improving itself accelerates its capability growth"},{"id":"hanson-2011-debating-yudkowsky","name":"Debating Yudkowsky"},{"id":"sean-white","name":"Sean White"},{"id":"sensetime","name":"SenseTime / 商汤科技"},{"id":"betsey-stevenson","name":"Betsey Stevenson"},{"id":"aiia-ai-safety-commitments-2024","name":"Artificial Intelligence Safety Commitments (人工智能安全承诺), December 2024"},{"id":"uk-anthropic-mou-2025","name":"Memorandum of Understanding between the UK and Anthropic on AI opportunities"},{"id":"us-eo-14110-2023","name":"Executive Order 14110: Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence"},{"id":"us-bis-ai-diffusion-ifr-2025","name":"Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion (interim final rule)"},{"id":"nist-ai-800-1-ipd-2024","name":"NIST AI 800-1 (initial public draft): Managing Misuse Risk for Dual-Use Foundation Models"},{"id":"suncatcher-blog-2025","name":"Exploring a space-based, scalable AI infrastructure system design"},{"id":"cavalier-spectrum-2026","name":"Why Thermodynamics Rules Future Orbital Data Centers"},{"id":"oc6-heat-rejection-limit","name":"Heat rejection as a constraint on orbital compute"},{"id":"oc7-radiation-effects","name":"Radiation effects on computing hardware in orbit"},{"id":"sandbrink-ai-biological-misuse-2023-06","name":"Artificial intelligence and biological misuse: Differentiating risks of language models and biological design tools"},{"id":"ab-prop-skilled-actor-scope","name":"Assessment must cover actors who already hold relevant skills"}],"claims":[{"id":"daniela-openai-safety-prior","statement":"Anthropic’s founder slide identifies Daniela Amodei as a former VP of Safety at OpenAI.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The slide’s title is retained as “VP of Safety”; no additional policy remit or tenure dates are inferred.","evidenceIds":["evidence-daniela-openai-safety-prior"],"attributes":{"role":"VP of Safety"}},{"id":"cn-junyang-lin-alibaba","statement":"Junyang Lin is named with Qwen Team / Alibaba Group affiliation in the 2023 report.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Bibliographic research affiliation only; no appointment date, executive title or continuing employment inferred.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cn-junyang-lin-alibaba"],"attributes":{"role":"Qwen report author with Alibaba Group affiliation"}},{"id":"issued-ms-fgf-2026","statement":"Microsoft published a February 2026 edition of its Frontier Governance Framework, identified by its version date of February 2026.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Publication means a public document expression exists. Publication is not evidence that its requirements were implemented or effective in practice. The version is dated February 2026; the file was last modified 2026-03-24 and first captured 2026-04-24, so publication may postdate the version month.","evidenceIds":["evidence-issued-ms-fgf-2026"]},{"id":"prov-rsp-v2-2-restrict-and-pause","statement":"RSP v2.2 states that if Anthropic is unable to make the showing required in its Safeguards Decision process, it will restrict model deployment and further scaling.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-rsp-v2-2-restrict-and-pause"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"rsp-restrict-and-pause"}}},{"id":"sb-federal-equivalence-pathway","statement":"SB 53 lets the Office of Emergency Services (OES) designate by regulation federal laws, regulations or guidance documents whose critical-safety-incident reporting standards are substantially equivalent to, or stricter than, those of Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.13 and that are intended to assess, detect or mitigate catastrophic risk. A frontier developer that declares to OES its intent to comply through a designated federal standard is deemed in compliance with § 22757.13 to the extent it meets that standard, until it revokes the declaration or OES revokes the regulation; failing to meet the designated standard is a violation of the chapter.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the enacted text states, quoted from the chaptered expression. It is not evidence that the statute applies to any named developer, or of compliance, enforcement or effect. The text ties the pathway to a federal law, regulation or guidance document designated by an OES regulation under subdivision (h). Not checked: whether OES has adopted any such regulation, and whether any developer has declared intent. Under § 22757.13(j), OES must revoke a regulation adopted under subdivision (h) if the subdivision (h) requirements are no longer met. The Governor's signing message is recorded as his own characterisation of the pathway, not as evidence of its legal effect.","evidenceIds":["evidence-sb-federal-equivalence-pathway-1","evidence-sb-federal-equivalence-pathway-2","evidence-sb-federal-equivalence-pathway-3","evidence-sb-federal-equivalence-pathway-4"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"exception","key":"sb53-federal-incident-reporting-equivalence","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Office of Emergency Services"}]}}},{"id":"cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024","statement":"Anthropic announced on 29 May 2024 that Jay Kreps had joined its board of directors and that he was appointed by its Long-Term Benefit Trust.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A documented board role at the date of the announcement. Anthropic’s list of directors of 14 April 2026 still names him. The board list on Anthropic’s Company page as retrieved on 15 October 2026 does not include him; no statement of a departure was found, and none is inferred.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024-1","evidence-cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024-company-2026"],"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors (appointed by the Long-Term Benefit Trust)"}},{"id":"cm-wh-2023-07-amazon","statement":"The White House named Amazon among the seven companies it convened on 21 July 2023, announcing that it had secured voluntary commitments from them to help move toward safe, secure and transparent development of AI technology.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The fact sheet links the July 2023 commitments text. Listing is the convener’s statement. It is not evidence that the organisation complied with, implemented or still maintains the commitments, and the legal effect of being listed is not recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-wh-2023-07-amazon-1"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"stage":"listed"}}},{"id":"prov-eu-code-ss-adherence-not-conclusive","statement":"The chapter’s stated objectives say that adherence to the Code does not constitute conclusive evidence of compliance with the obligations of Articles 53 and 55 of the AI Act.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the text says. Quoted from the Safety and Security chapter.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-eu-code-ss-adherence-not-conclusive-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"exception","key":"ss-adherence-not-conclusive"}}},{"id":"ts-a1-vinge-1993","statement":"Vinge’s 1993 paper argues that when greater-than-human intelligence drives progress, that progress could itself involve the creation of still more intelligent entities on a still shorter time scale.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Vinge’s own argument; the paper’s block quotation of Good on p. 13 is a citation, not an independent statement.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a1-vinge-1993"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","claimed":{"date":"1993-03-30","note":"Presented at the VISION-21 Symposium, 30–31 March 1993. The delivered version was not retrieved, so the proceedings wording is not dated to the presentation."}}}},{"id":"yk-y02-coherent-extrapolated-volition-2004-c","statement":"“Coherent Extrapolated Volition” (2004-05) contests Y02. Looking back from 2004, he describes as a blunder his teenage belief that building a powerful self-improving optimizer would suffice for a good outcome, which he says it took him until about age twenty to recognise as a problem.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: A sufficiently intelligent mind would discover a true or universally compelling morality and be bound to act on it. The sentence begins 'Once upon a time, back at the age of sixteen,'. Text is a later MIRI reprint of the May 2004 document; reprint wording not compared with a 2004 capture. The same paragraph adds that he 'never thought I had the wisdom or authority to lay down Ten Commandments'.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t02-d"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"note":"Known only from MIRI's later, undated PDF reprint of the May 2004 document; the wording was not compared with a 2004 copy."},"engagement":{"kind":"contrary-only","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage states the contrary conclusion without giving a reason against the premise that a sufficiently intelligent mind would discover a true or universally compelling morality and be bound to act on it, even when read with its message or dialogue turn."},"retrospective":{"note":"Reports a belief he says he held from the age of sixteen until he recognised it as a problem at about twenty."}}}},{"id":"yk-y11-yudkowsky-2008-hard-takeoff-c","statement":"The post “Hard Takeoff” (2008-12-02) contests Y11. Lists sources of discontinuity besides recursive self-improvement, here a hardware overhang: computers already far faster serially than neurons would be used for thinking once the algorithms are found.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Capability gains will be gradual and visible. Overcoming Bias post of 2008-12-02, imported to LessWrong; date is the OB date. Quote begins mid-sentence after 'because our computing hardware has run so far ahead of AI theory, we have incredibly fast computers we don't know how to use for thinking;'.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t11-b"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that capability gains will be gradual and visible."}}}},{"id":"yk-y22-lw-2008-fighting-a-rearguard-action-against-the-b","statement":"The post “Fighting a Rearguard Action Against the Truth” (2008-09-24) articulates Y22 in retrospect. His 2008 account of his earlier self states that the 1996–2000 aim was speed to any superintelligence, and his next paragraph supplies the premise: the assumption that movement toward superintelligence was 'a pure good without a hint of danger'.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t22-b"]},{"id":"yk-y22-lw-2008-the-magnitude-of-his-own-folly-c","statement":"The post “The Magnitude of His Own Folly” (2008-09-30) contests Y22. Explicitly rejects his earlier full-speed strategy. He says his childhood technophilia broke when he understood that a failed superintelligence project could kill everyone, however good the arguments for proceeding.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t22-c"]},{"id":"yk-y22-sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031-c","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: Floppy take-off” (2001-08-01) contests Y22. Replying to James Higgins's suggestion that brute-forcing AI on a billion computers would be an acceptable fallback plan, he says any self-improving AI built without understanding is a serious danger and records an explicit reversal of his earlier view.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t22-s2"]},{"id":"yk-y22-extropians-1996-11-22-yudkowsky-3178-a","statement":"The Extropians message “Interim purpose” (1996-11-22) articulates Y22. In a private email exchange he forwarded to the list, Tim Freeman argued that the interim goal should be reaching the Singularity with the highest probability rather than as soon as possible; he replies that speed and probability coincide.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Reaching superintelligence is good by default, so speed is what matters. Expression date is his forwarded email of 21 November 1996 19:07 -0600; the list post is dated 22 November 1996. Freeman's text is excluded. Written before he took up Friendly AI. Later rejected explicitly in ‘Fighting a Rearguard Action Against the Truth’ (refers back to Eliezer1996-2000) and his SL4 message of 2001-08-01 (refers back to his position 'few years back'); neither cites this message.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t22-e2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"omni-art113-high-risk-dates","statement":"Article 1, point (40)(b), of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 replaces point (c) of the third paragraph of Article 113 of the AI Act so that Chapter III, Sections 1, 2 and 3, with the exception of Article 6(5), apply from 2 December 2027 for high-risk systems under Article 6(2) and Annex III, and from 2 August 2028 for those under Article 6(1) and Annex I.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"These dates concern high-risk AI systems, not the obligations of general-purpose AI model providers in Chapter V. The same point (40) replaces point (a) and adds point (d); the inspected amending text contains no amendment of point (b), the Chapter V date. This record shows that the AI Act’s dates were amended in 2026 and which dates changed; it does not show that Chapter V dates are unchanged beyond the inspected amending text.","evidenceIds":["evidence-omni-art113-high-risk-dates-1","evidence-omni-art113-high-risk-dates-2","evidence-omni-art113-high-risk-dates-3"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"omni-high-risk-dates-of-application"}}},{"id":"eugl-communication-published","statement":"The Commission’s library entry for its guidelines on general-purpose AI models, with a publication date of 18 July 2025, offers for download a Communication to the Commission, C(2025) 5045 final, which asks the Commission to approve the content of draft guidelines. The Communication states that the guidelines will be formally adopted later and applicable only from that moment.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The Communication asks for approval of the draft’s content. It does not itself record that the Commission approved it. The guidelines text is a separate record (dated 19 November 2025). The statement that the guidelines apply only from formal adoption is the Communication’s; when and how adoption took place was not established beyond the later dated file.","evidenceIds":["evidence-eugl-communication-published-1","evidence-eugl-communication-published-2","evidence-eugl-communication-published-3"]},{"id":"ec-g02-davidson-2021-explosive-economic-growth-a","statement":"Davidson, “Could Advanced AI Drive Explosive Economic Growth?” (2021-06-25) articulates G02. Restates the ideas feedback loop of semi-endogenous growth models with AI systems in place of population, after the demographic transition broke the human loop. Draws the conclusion of the feedback argument (audit A: the first passage alone stops before it).","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Davidson's overall conclusion is probabilistic (the report's abstract).","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-g02-e","evidence-ec-g02-e2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located-tier-2"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2021-07-02","note":"Earliest retrieved capture."},"tier":{"value":2,"basis":"Tier 2 (unchanged). Research report by an author with no economics appointment, degree, address or affiliation shown in or near the text and no established record as an economist; the report says it is written to be accessible to non-economists. Under the 2026-10-11 rule the venue does not decide; the author does."},"conditions":"AI substituting very effectively for human labour in both production and R&D."}}},{"id":"ec-g03-karnofsky-2020-comment-human-trajectory-a","statement":"Karnofsky, “Comment on \"Modeling the Human Trajectory\" (\"Some personal reactions on this piece\")” (2020-06-15) articulates G03. Karnofsky, who writes that he asked Roodman to evaluate Hanson's work, states what he takes from the post; he \"wouldn't take the model discussed in this piece literally\".","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A comment by a different author on Roodman's post. The same passage is recorded under G09.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-g03-d"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located-tier-2"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2020-06-23","note":"Capture of the post with its comments; comments are absent from the 2022 page."},"tier":{"value":2,"basis":"Tier 2 (unchanged). Comment on a blog post by an author not presented as an economist and with no established record as one."}}}},{"id":"ec-m06a-sachs-kotlikoff-2012-smart-machines-a","statement":"Sachs and Kotlikoff, “Smart Machines and Long-Term Misery” (2012-12) articulates M06a. The authors argue, against the Cobb-Douglas presumption that technical change raises all factor returns, that better machines can lower unskilled wages.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"NBER Working Paper 18629, dated December 2012, revised January 2013; a highly stylised two-period OLG model, not an empirical estimate or forecast. Model result conditional on relative elasticities (formally, unskilled wage falls if the machine-unskilled elasticity exceeds the skilled-intermediate elasticity divided by the skilled share).","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m06a-08"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2013-01","note":"The cover lists \"December 2012, January 2013\"; the retrieved PDF may be the January 2013 revision, so its wording is attested from 2013-01 only."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); both authors economists."},"conditions":"Elasticity of substitution between machines and unskilled labour high relative to that between the intermediate and skilled labour."}}},{"id":"ec-m06a-korinek-stiglitz-2017-ai-income-distribution-a","statement":"Korinek and Stiglitz, “Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications for Income Distribution and Unemployment” (2017-12) articulates M06a. Concludes that without redistribution, AI and other worker-replacing change can lower both labour's share and workers' absolute welfare.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"NBER Working Paper 24174, December 2017 (NBER conference paper; later in The Economics of Artificial Intelligence). Text layer uses U+2010 hyphens.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m06a-12"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."},"conditions":"Absence of redistribution or full insurance against innovation risk."}}},{"id":"ec-e01-hanson-2011-debating-yudkowsky-b","statement":"Hanson, “Debating Yudkowsky” (2011-07-03), in “The Hanson-Yudkowsky AI-Foom Debate”, bears on E01. Hanson concludes his five reasons why powerful architectural insights are rare.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Hanson's own view; it contests the fast, local form of E01 and not AI self-improvement in general. Tier 2.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e01-11"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Doubts that one team's architectural innovation could take it from tiny to world takeover within weeks; the passage accepts future superintelligences and does not deny accelerating AI self-improvement in general.","tier":{"value":2,"basis":"Blog debate (2008 Overcoming Bias posts) between an economist and a non-economist: tier 2 as an online debate; the maintainer confirmed tier 2 for the debate on 2026-10-12."}}}},{"id":"lg-deal-white-inflection-ceo-2024","statement":"Sean White wrote in a post on Inflection AI's blog on 20 May 2024 that he was the new CEO of Inflection.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"First-person statement on Inflection's blog; it does not give the date of his appointment.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-deal-white-inflection-ceo-2024"],"attributes":{"role":"CEO"}},{"id":"cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d6-discretion","statement":"Microsoft FGF · Feb 2025 states a provision on the comparison question “Other exceptions or discretion”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Point 2 is one element of the recommendation submitted for the deployment decision. What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d6-discretion-1","ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d6-discretion-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"exception","key":"comparison-d6-discretion","facet":{"id":"D6.discretion","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d4-oversight","statement":"Microsoft FGF · Feb 2026 states a provision on the comparison question “Board or external oversight”, in a weaker form than the question’s criterion.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Stated, partly: the passage has what the question’s criterion asks for, but in a weaker form than the criterion’s own words. The board role is stated through general corporate governance; no specific board review of framework decisions is described. What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d4-oversight-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"comparison-d4-oversight","facet":{"id":"D4.oversight","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"ap-betsey-stevenson-stevenson-2019-ai-income-employment-meaning","statement":"“Artificial Intelligence, Income, Employment, and Meaning” (2019-05) credits Betsey Stevenson as its author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited authorship of this expression; it says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-betsey-stevenson-stevenson-2019-ai-income-employment-meaning"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-corrigibility-2015","statement":"“Corrigibility” (2015-01-25) credits Eliezer Yudkowsky as one of its 4 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-corrigibility-2015"]},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v3-3-d2-levels","statement":"RSP · v3.3 states a provision on the comparison question “Named levels or thresholds”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The left column is headed “Capability or usage threshold” and has four rows with no ranking: non-novel chemical/biological weapons production; novel chemical/biological weapons production; “Misaligned AI systems in high-stakes settings”; automated R&D in key domains. Appendix B keeps “AI Safety Levels” (ASLs) only to refer to current levels of mitigation, not as a ladder of future capability levels. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v3-3-d2-levels-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"comparison-d2-levels","facet":{"id":"D2.levels","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-meta-faf-v1-1-d2-levels","statement":"Meta FAF · v1.1 states a provision on the comparison question “Named levels or thresholds”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Table 1 has three rows, Critical, High and Moderate, with the measure labels ‘Stop development’, ‘Do not release’ and ‘Release’; the High and Critical rows are recorded under “How a threshold is defined”. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-meta-faf-v1-1-d2-levels-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"comparison-d2-levels","facet":{"id":"D2.levels","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d1-cbrn","statement":"Microsoft FGF · Feb 2025 states a provision on the comparison question “Chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear weapons”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Capability thresholds for low, medium, high and critical are set in Appendix I (PDF p. 12). What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d1-cbrn-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"comparison-d1-cbrn","facet":{"id":"D1.cbrn","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d7-external","statement":"Microsoft FGF · Feb 2025 states a provision on the comparison question “Public or external reporting”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Public sharing is qualified in the same sentence: care is to be taken to minimise information hazards and to protect information that is commercially sensitive. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d7-external-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"reporting","key":"comparison-d7-external","facet":{"id":"D7.external","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"c2-governance-aiia-aisc-signatory-sensetime","statement":"SenseTime is listed, as 上海商汤智能科技有限公司, among the 17 companies on the initial signatory list (首批签署企业名单) of the AIIA AI Safety Commitments posted by CAICT on 24 December 2024.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The list names the legal entity 上海商汤智能科技有限公司. The record maps it to the group-level entity SenseTime, which carries that name as an alias; the mapping rests on the company name, and no claim is made about group structure or about which group company is bound. A listing is the publisher’s statement, dated by the post; it is not a signature date and not evidence that the company complied with or implemented the commitments. 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Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S. AI Safety Institute).","canonicalUrl":"https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.800-1.ipd.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.800-1.ipd.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240727085850/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.800-1.ipd.pdf","archivedAt":"2024-07-27","accessedAt":"2026-10-27","reuse":{"attribution":"U.S. AI Safety Institute (NIST), “NIST AI 800-1 Initial Public Draft: Managing Misuse Risk for Dual-Use Foundation Models (July 2024)”, 2024-07.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-nist-ai-800-1-2pd-release","title":"Updated Guidelines for Managing Misuse Risk for Dual-Use Foundation Models (January 15, 2025)","authors":["National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S. AI Safety Institute)"],"publisher":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","publicationDate":"2025-01-15","version":"Retrieved on 2026-10-27 (SHA-256 1c2ea82f25c259fad9acb419a71790844c0e5df49971592cf40534d4afd0ea40). The cross-family check of 2026-10-28 opened the Internet Archive capture linked here and matched the quoted wording in it, the release-period expression (decision 9); a capture shows only what the archive retrieved that day. Its wording can change; earlier wording is not authenticated.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/01/updated-guidelines-managing-misuse-risk-dual-use-foundation-models","evidenceUrl":"https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/01/updated-guidelines-managing-misuse-risk-dual-use-foundation-models","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250115224211/https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/01/updated-guidelines-managing-misuse-risk-dual-use-foundation-models","archivedAt":"2025-01-15","accessedAt":"2026-10-27","reuse":{"attribution":"National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S. AI Safety Institute), “Updated Guidelines for Managing Misuse Risk for Dual-Use Foundation Models (January 15, 2025)”, 2025-01-15.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-cpo-orb-suncatcher-blog","title":"Exploring a space-based, scalable AI infrastructure system design","authors":["Travis Beals"],"publisher":"Google Research (research.google blog)","publicationDate":"2025-11-04","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 5be890608102d5c9849ebec9824701be3fa53bb290256909d4ab652efee0719f). Blog post as served on 2026-10-28, dated November 4, 2025. Retrieved again at admission on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 6b9a820d4a733d2cf7ec373985a7da4a01e90cadf194e4a3207eb4ad6a07d532). Its wording can change; earlier wording is not authenticated.","canonicalUrl":"https://research.google/blog/exploring-a-space-based-scalable-ai-infrastructure-system-design/","evidenceUrl":"https://research.google/blog/exploring-a-space-based-scalable-ai-infrastructure-system-design/","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"Travis Beals, “Exploring a space-based, scalable AI infrastructure system design”, 2025-11-04.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-cpo-orb-suncatcher-arxiv-v1","title":"Towards a future space-based, highly scalable AI infrastructure system design (arXiv:2511.19468v1)","authors":["Blaise Agüera y Arcas","Travis Beals","Maria Biggs","Jessica V. 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Retrieved again at admission on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 c2ef49f98ba899f3d1a654ed4993024db058dd1cf70387d33e64a157e8ff8692).","canonicalUrl":"https://spectrum.ieee.org/orbital-data-centers-heat","evidenceUrl":"https://spectrum.ieee.org/orbital-data-centers-heat","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"Andrew Cavalier, “Why Thermodynamics Rules Future Orbital Data Centers”, 2026-06-11.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-ab-sandbrink-2023","title":"Artificial intelligence and biological misuse: Differentiating risks of language models and biological design tools","authors":["arXiv (preprint, Jonas B. Sandbrink, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford)"],"publisher":"arXiv (preprint, Jonas B. Sandbrink, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford)","publicationDate":null,"version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 1ab85d8647f2d23079d35eb8162b70b3f970094106808ef4291fb89615db0afa). arXiv v1 of 24 June 2023 (the article was revised to v8 on 23 December 2023; this record cites v1 only) Retrieved again at admission on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 1ab85d8647f2d23079d35eb8162b70b3f970094106808ef4291fb89615db0afa, the same bytes).","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.13952v1","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.13952v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"arXiv (preprint, Jonas B. Sandbrink, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford), “Artificial intelligence and biological misuse: Differentiating risks of language models and biological design tools”.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}}],"evidence":[{"id":"evidence-daniela-openai-safety-prior","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF page 6, “Our business”, Daniela Amodei row","passage":"Daniela’s row describes her previous OpenAI safety vice-presidency.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-18","note":"Relevant source passage inspected by an automated research assistant. Human source review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cn-junyang-lin-alibaba","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title-page author list and Qwen Team / Alibaba Group affiliation","passage":"Junyang Lin appears in the report’s author list under that affiliation.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-29","note":"English source paraphrased and checked by machine. Exploratory seed, not editorially accepted. Source reporting is not independent verification of implementation."},{"id":"evidence-issued-ms-fgf-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 16, Appendix II – Change log; page footers","passage":"The change log lists a February 2026 entry after the February 2025 initial version, and the pages carry the footer February 2026.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Paraphrase checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the inspected PDF, byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2026-04-24. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-prov-rsp-v2-2-restrict-and-pause","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 14 (printed p. 10), §4.3 Safeguards Decision, final sentence (after the numbered process)","passage":"If, however, we are unable to make the showing required above, we will restrict model deployment and further scaling.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the inspected PDF, byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2025-05-14. Extraction note: Wording identical to v2.1; no change proposed. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-federal-equivalence-pathway-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.13(i)(1)","passage":"shall declare its intent to do so to the Office of Emergency Services.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. The subject of the quoted words is a frontier developer that intends to comply with § 22757.13 by complying with the requirements of, or meeting the standards stated by, a federal law, regulation or guidance document designated under subdivision (h). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-federal-equivalence-pathway-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.13(h), (i)(2)(A)–(B), (j)","passage":"OES may adopt regulations designating federal laws, regulations or guidance documents whose critical-safety-incident reporting standards are substantially equivalent to, or stricter than, those of § 22757.13 (they need not require reporting to California) and that are intended to assess, detect or mitigate catastrophic risk. After declaring its intent, a developer is deemed in compliance to the extent it meets the designated standards, until it revokes that declaration or OES revokes the regulation under subdivision (j); failing to meet them is a violation of the chapter. OES must revoke a designation once the subdivision (h) requirements are no longer met.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04. Paraphrased to stay within the quotation budget. The only verbatim words are the eight-word fragment in quotation marks, from (h)(2). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-federal-equivalence-pathway-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"History note at the end of § 22757.13","passage":"Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 138, Sec. 2. 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Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-federal-equivalence-pathway-4","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Page 1, final paragraph (beginning 'At the same time'), continuing to page 2, first paragraph; page 2, second paragraph","passage":"the Governor writes that oversight of AI safety, particularly on national security, involves joint work with the federal government; that if national standards maintaining or exceeding the bill's protections are adopted, policy frameworks should be aligned so businesses do not face duplicative or conflicting requirements; that SB 53 does this by authorising a compliance pathway for critical incident reporting; and he encourages the Legislature to monitor federal action and ensure alignment while maintaining the bar set by SB 53.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04. The Governor's own characterisation, recorded as context. The PDF has no text layer, so I read it from rendered page images. Capture identity rests on the matching CDX digest; I could not download the archived bytes directly because the Wayback Machine served a bot-block page. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Third paragraph","passage":"Jay was appointed to the board by Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim quote, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression (mechanical match after whitespace normalisation). The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-wh-2023-07-amazon-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"First body paragraph after the two subheadings","passage":"Amazon, Anthropic, Google, Inflection, Meta, Microsoft, and OpenAI","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim quote, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression (mechanical match after whitespace normalisation). Also matched in the Internet Archive capture of 2023-07-21. The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-prov-eu-code-ss-adherence-not-conclusive-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Objectives, point A (p. 2)","passage":"adherence to the Code does not constitute conclusive evidence of compliance with these obligations under the AI Act","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim quote, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression (mechanical match after whitespace normalisation). Also matched in the Internet Archive capture of 2025-07-10. The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a1-vinge-1993","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Printed p. 12 (PDF page 2), paragraph beginning \"What are the consequences of this event?\"","passage":"When greater-than-human intelligence drives progress, that progress will be much more rapid. In fact, there seems no reason why progress itself would not involve the creation of still more intelligent entities -- on a still-shorter time scale.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Checked against the text layer on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t02-d","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Coherent Extrapolated Volition, 4.1 Motivations, under 'Humankind should not spend the rest of eternity desperately wishing that the programmers had done something differently', paragraph beginning 'But most who ponder AI morality'","passage":"I made one hell of a huge philosophical blunder about how morality worked, which caused me to think that to create a Friendly AI I just needed to create a really powerful self-improving optimization process and wave it cheerily on its way.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Candidate pack passage T02-d. The quotation (42 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 11b2d4bc7d64dc01503d1ab56ff3e985bfcaeed90235aad2c5ec16244b216685) when checked on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t11-b","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning 'So that's another kind of overhang'","passage":"getting AI right could produce a huge, discontinuous jolt, as the speed of high-grade thought on this planet suddenly dropped into computer time.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Candidate pack passage T11-b. The quotation (23 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 5a68e4ef17e8c6940ddc5dfe2bad40f3b5c538b1ff751c0b0b6661abb024f935) when checked on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t22-b","passageType":"quote","contextOnly":{"reason":"Reports an abandoned belief; never show without the rejection that follows it","requires":"The rejection that follows in the next paragraphs of the same post and in a later post of the same series.","claimIds":["yk-y22-lw-2008-the-magnitude-of-his-own-folly-c"]}},{"id":"evidence-yk-t22-c","passage":"I looked back and I saw the careful arguments I had constructed, for why the wisest choice was to continue forward at full speed, just as I had planned to do before. … Nature was still allowed to say \"So what?\" and kill you.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"evidence-yk-t22-s2","passage":"total turnaround … now regard non-Friendliness-aware AI as a disaster scenario.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"evidence-yk-t22-e2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, his forwarded reply dated 21 Nov 1996 19:07:03 -0600, paragraph beginning 'If it doesn't happen by…'","passage":"The minimum-time path to the Singularity is the maximum-probability path to the Singularity; the problem at this point isn't lack of technology, it's lack of time.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T22-e2. The quotation (26 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 452d4b67965a56bee175eabf79a0cbe9095b8ab15f82b3b17430b03f83532c81) when checked on 2026-10-07.","contextOnly":{"reason":"An earlier view; never show without the later rejection","requires":"His later texts rejecting the full-speed strategy and referring back to his earlier position; neither cites this message.","claimIds":["yk-y22-lw-2008-fighting-a-rearguard-action-against-the-b","yk-y22-lw-2008-the-magnitude-of-his-own-folly-c","yk-y22-sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031-c"]}},{"id":"evidence-omni-art113-high-risk-dates-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 1, point (40)(b), new Article 113(c), chapeau","passage":"Chapter III, Sections 1, 2, and 3, with the exception of Article 6(5), shall apply from:","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing session against the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-omni-art113-high-risk-dates-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 1, point (40)(b), new Article 113(c)(i)","passage":"2 December 2027 as regards AI systems classified as high-risk pursuant to Article 6(2) and Annex III","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing session against the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-omni-art113-high-risk-dates-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 1, point (40)(b), new Article 113(c)(ii)","passage":"2 August 2028 as regards AI systems classified as high-risk pursuant to Article 6(1) and Annex I","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing session against the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-eugl-communication-published-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Downloads list, first item","passage":"Communication - Approval of the content of the draft Guidelines on the scope of the obligations for general-purpose AI models (English)","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-11","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing machine agent against the text extracted from the file retrieved on 2026-10-11. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-11 (review/frontier-governance-2-audit-2026-10-11.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-eugl-communication-published-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Penultimate paragraph, two sentences","passage":"The Guidelines will be formally adopted by the Commission at a later date, when all language versions are available. It is only from that moment that these Guidelines will be applicable.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-11","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing machine agent against the text extracted from the file retrieved on 2026-10-11. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-11 (review/frontier-governance-2-audit-2026-10-11.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-eugl-communication-published-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Metadata line \"Publication\"","passage":"The library entry gives the publication date as 18 July 2025.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-11","note":"Editorial paraphrase proposed by the proposing machine agent from the text retrieved on 2026-10-11. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-11 (review/frontier-governance-2-audit-2026-10-11.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ec-g02-e","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Summary, first argument (\"Idea-based models of very long-run growth imply AI could drive explosive growth\")","passage":"Suppose we develop AI systems that can substitute very effectively for human labor in producing output and in R&D. The following ideas feedback loop could occur: more ideas → more output → more AI systems → more ideas…","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-08","note":"Candidate pack passage G02-e (research/economics-growth). The quotation (38 words) matched the checked expression (davidson-op-2021) in the pack's verification."},{"id":"evidence-ec-g02-e2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Summary, first argument, same paragraph, after the feedback loop","passage":"Before 1880, the ideas feedback loop led to super-exponential growth. So our default expectation should be that this new ideas feedback loop will again lead to super-exponential growth.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-08","note":"Candidate pack passage G02-e2 (research/economics-growth). The quotation (28 words) matched the checked expression (davidson-op-2021) in the pack's verification."},{"id":"evidence-ec-g03-d","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Comment \"Some personal reactions on this piece\", paragraph beginning \"Like David, I wouldn't take the model\"","passage":"I tentatively agree with what I see as the central themes: that a sufficiently broad view of history shows accelerating growth, that this dynamic is inherently unstable, and that we therefore have little reason to “rule out” explosive growth in the coming decades.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage G03-d (research/economics-growth). The quotation (43 words) matched the checked expression (roodman-op-2020) in the pack's verification. On 2026-10-30, by the maintainer’s decision of that day, the quotation was corrected to the archive capture of 2020-06-23 (quotation marks and apostrophes as in the capture), which a cross-family archive check read on 2026-10-28; the proposition is unchanged. The record bears the headline role earliest-located-tier-2; the change was first held under the override rule and is applied by the same decision, since it changes no wording."},{"id":"evidence-ec-m06a-08","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 8; Introduction (printed pp. 6-7)","passage":"As long as machines and unskilled workers are relatively substitutable compared with the intermediate product and skilled workers, a rise in machine productivity can substitute for unskilled labor, thereby reducing its wage.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M06a-08 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (32 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 aa4958092702ecfad60c57fcdff3a76505353fccab0bcb60bda2fb1b14c0a65b) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"evidence-ec-m06a-12","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 39; Conclusions","passage":"In the absence of such intervention, worker‐replacing technological change may not only lead to workers getting a diminishing fraction of national income, but may actually make them worse off in absolute terms.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M06a-12 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (32 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 aeddf962b5c488cae68b7d48cef964de22379c78e75579c5793f0df71d5e9f40) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"Fresh-context audit (A3) judged that the quotation misleads when shown alone.","requires":"Conditional on 'the absence of such intervention' (redistribution); the preceding sentence says the change can be unambiguously positive with insurance or redistribution. Modal 'may'."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-e01-11","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"\"Debating Yudkowsky\", 3 July 2011, MIRI compilation (2013) ch. 59, post body; pdf p. 509","passage":"It thus seems quite unlikely that one AI team could find an architectural innovation powerful enough to let it go from tiny to taking over the world within a few weeks.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-16","note":"Candidate pack passage E01-11 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (31 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 6b6dfd0416402e1776d7ddcece95298df2df0ed9bc0bd4a6f4bd81c4b1e5102a) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"lg-ev-deal-white-inflection-ceo-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 3","passage":"as the new CEO of Inflection","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (6 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024-company-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Section “Governance”, list “Anthropic Board of Directors”","passage":"The board list on Anthropic’s Company page retrieved on 2026-10-15 names Dario Amodei, Daniela Amodei, Yasmin Razavi, Reed Hastings, Chris Liddell and Vas Narasimhan; Jay Kreps is not among them.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Yasmin Razavi, Reed Hastings, Chris Liddell” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review. Added to this existing record at the lab genealogy admission of 2026-10-17 (maintainer decision 9); the absence of a name from a current page is not a statement of departure.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d6-discretion-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 6 (printed p. 5), §3, Deeper capability assessment, first paragraph, second sentence","passage":"We use qualitative capability thresholds to guide this classification process as they offer important flexibility across different models and contexts","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d6-discretion-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10 (printed p. 9), §5 Governance, Risk-informed deployment decision, first paragraph, numbered point 2)","passage":"the marginal benefits of a model outweigh any residual risk","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The second of three points the deployment recommendation must make together: mitigation to low or medium risk, benefits outweighing residual risk, and secure and trustworthy deployment. The Executive Officers decide. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d4-oversight-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10 (printed p. 9), §5 Governance, 'Oversight and reporting channels', first sentence","passage":"This framework is subject to Microsoft’s broader corporate governance procedures, including independent internal audit and board oversight.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ap-betsey-stevenson-stevenson-2019-ai-income-employment-meaning","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF text layer, first two pages: author name on the title page or first page","passage":"Betsey Stevenson","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-corrigibility-2015","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF text layer, first two pages: author name on the title page or first page","passage":"Eliezer Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v3-3-d2-levels-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4, §1 Our Recommendations for Industry-Wide Safety, first paragraph","passage":"The edition says the left column of its three-column table sets out the capability thresholds at which heightened mitigations would be needed.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-meta-faf-v1-1-d2-levels-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 13 (printed p. 13), §3.3 Risk thresholds, Table 1: Risk thresholds for frontier AI, Moderate row, Risk Threshold column (text below the measure label 'Release')","passage":"In the Moderate row of the risk-threshold table, under the measure “Release”, the edition says the model would not give significant uplift towards carrying out a threat scenario.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase of a passage recorded in the dataset for this edition (evidence-prov-meta-faf-v1-1-moderate-threshold), checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the Internet Archive capture of 2025-02-13, and matched against the same capture on 2026-10-27 by a reviewer from a different model family, which retrieved and hashed it (decoded PDF SHA-256 9fa301df…cc21; research/frontier-framework-comparison/codex-meta-v1-1-2026-10-27.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d1-cbrn-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4 (printed p. 3), §2 Capabilities and risks, 'Tracked high-risk capabilities', first bullet","passage":"The edition lists chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (“CBRN”) weapons as a tracked high-risk capability: a model's ability to give an actor significant uplift in developing and deploying such a weapon.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2025-d7-external-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10 (printed p. 9), §5 Governance, Risk-informed deployment decision, third paragraph, first sentence","passage":"The edition says Microsoft will share publicly information on the model’s capabilities and limitations, on relevant evaluations and on its risk classification, while taking care to protect commercially sensitive information and to minimise information hazards capable of creating safety and security risks.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Explicit paraphrase by an automated research assistant, corrected on 2026-10-28 after a blind check of all 287 comparison paraphrases by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-28 (research/frontier-framework-comparison/codex-paraphrases-2026-10-28.md), which found that it left out the care to minimise information hazards and to protect commercially sensitive information, which qualifies the same sentence. The correction was written from the passage as re-read in the publisher copy retrieved on 2026-10-28, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Given as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"c2-ev-governance-aiia-aisc-signatory-sensetime-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Embedded image, list 首批签署《人工智能安全承诺》企业名单 (transcribed from the image; not in the page’s text layer)","passage":"Transcription from the image: the list of initial signatories (首批签署《人工智能安全承诺》企业名单, 17 names, ordered by initial letter) includes 上海商汤智能科技有限公司.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). Transcription of a name that appears only in the image embedded in the post (the list of initial signatories); it is not in the page’s text layer and was not machine-matched. The drafting pass and the same-family audit read the list visually, and the cross-family check (2026-10-27) read all 17 names and agreed. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; the listed name is transcribed as printed. No English rendering is given; no human translation review. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K022) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c2-ev-governance-aiia-aisc-signatory-sensetime-2","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Final paragraph","passage":"商汤科技、稀宇科技、腾讯、电信AI、中国移动已完成承诺签署","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (24 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “SenseTime, MiniMax (Xiyu Technology), Tencent, Telecom AI and China Mobile have completed signing the commitments”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K022) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-nist-ai-800-1-ipd-published-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title page (PDF p. 2)","passage":"Initial Public Draft","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (3 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from nvlpubs.nist.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 30) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-nist-ai-800-1-ipd-published-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"News page, second paragraph","passage":"the initial public draft (released July 2024)","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (7 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from www.nist.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 30) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-bis-ai-diffusion-ifr-model-weights-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"SUMMARY, 90 FR 4544","passage":"adds a new control on artificial intelligence (AI) model weights for certain advanced closed-weight dual-use AI models","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (17 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.govinfo.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 51) re-read the record’s sources and found partial support; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-bis-ai-diffusion-ifr-model-weights-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Supplementary information, section A, 90 FR 4555","passage":"ECCN 4E091 excludes from the control any open-weight models","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (9 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.govinfo.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The quotation keeps the source's hyphen in “open-weight”, which the PDF text layer drops at a line break (cross-family check, 2026-10-28, item 51). The threshold is read from the ECCN heading at 90 FR 4578 (“trained utilizing 10^26 or more operations”; superscript lost in the text layer). A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 51) re-read the record’s sources and found partial support; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-uk-anthropic-mou-aisi-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section (II), third paragraph","passage":"Paraphrase: DSIT and Anthropic, through Anthropic's partnership with AI Security Institute (AISI), will continue their research collaboration to understand the capabilities and security risks of AI systems and work together to mitigate them.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved on 2026-10-27 and read directly from www.gov.uk; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-uk-anthropic-mou-aisi-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section (II), third paragraph","passage":"will continue their research collaboration to understand the capabilities and security risks of AI systems","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Added at the admission of the frameworks-to-law pack (research/frameworks-to-law). Added at admission: the schema requires a provision record to quote the edition, and the pack gave this provision by paraphrase only. The passage was read from a fresh retrieval at admission and is within the source’s quotation limit. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc6-suncatcher-blog-2025-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"conclusion, paragraph 1","passage":"the core concepts of space-based ML compute are not precluded by fundamental physics or insurmountable economic barriers. However, significant engineering challenges remain, such as thermal management, high-bandwidth ground communications, and on-orbit system reliability","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (33 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 6b9a820d4a733d2cf7ec373985a7da4a01e90cadf194e4a3207eb4ad6a07d532; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 94) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc6-suncatcher-blog-2025-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"PDF p. 2","passage":"Cooling would be achieved through a thermal system of heat pipes and radiators while operating at nominal temperatures.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (18 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 94) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc7-cavalier-2026-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"section \"The Silicon Challenge in Space\"","passage":"The problem is that these chips are “soft” targets in space. High-energy particles can flip bits in memory or cause “latch-ups” in logic that fry the circuit.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (27 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 c2ef49f98ba899f3d1a654ed4993024db058dd1cf70387d33e64a157e8ff8692; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 99) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-gov-us-eo14110-sec42ai-bio-redteam-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Sec. 4.2(a)(i)(C), 88 FR 75197","passage":"the results of any red-team testing that the company has conducted relating to lowering the barrier to entry for the development, acquisition, and use of biological weapons by non-state actors","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (30 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The clause applies \"Prior to the development of guidance on red-team testing standards by NIST pursuant to subsection 4.1(a)(ii)\". A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 80) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-arg-d7-sandbrink-context-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract, PDF p. 1","passage":"In contrast, BDTs will expand the capabilities of sophisticated actors.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (10 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The text is the primary source for its own statement. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 102) re-read the record’s sources and found partial support; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-arg-d7-sandbrink-context-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract, PDF p. 1 (final sentence)","passage":"interventions to deter biological misuse by sophisticated actors","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The measure the preprint proposes for that class of actor. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 102) re-read the record’s sources and found partial support; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,1,4,5,17,19,27,44,48,179,181,199,201,202,205,219,234,235,250,253,280,317,322,351,360,371,382,409,492,495,505,506,518,529,531,536,540,551,584,585,594,790,793,925,936,1031,1038,1046,1047,1092,1101,1120,1121,1248,1260],"claims":[32,367,395,531,615,666,673,747,835,997,1058,1137,1138,1141,1142,1214,1216,1253,1262,1396,1400,1487,1691,2163,2167,2329,2452,2570,2693,2707,2716,2762,2974,2981,3027,3093,3098,3325,3418],"sources":[17,38,42,165,178,183,184,191,195,196,227,237,242,282,322,327,345,376,458,461,462,480,482,487,492,504,542,563,597,778,787,865,874,883,887,889,921,922,929,1065],"evidence":[34,390,420,597,713,714,715,716,832,849,949,1046,1223,1288,1380,1381,1384,1385,1493,1494,1495,1500,1501,1502,1568,1569,1578,1742,1746,1854,2137,2634,2807,2808,2812,2976,3099,3226,3381,3401,3411,3489,3490,3844,3845,3857,3858,3931,3932,4065,4066,4074,4569,4711,4712]},"version":"1lg47t7"}