{"entities":[{"id":"deepmind","name":"DeepMind"},{"id":"google-brain","name":"Google Brain"},{"id":"eliezer-yudkowsky","name":"Eliezer Yudkowsky"},{"id":"rsp-2023","name":"Responsible Scaling Policy (2023)"},{"id":"rsp-v3-4","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.4"},{"id":"fsf-v3-0","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v3.0"},{"id":"fsf-v3-1","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v3.1"},{"id":"deepmind-ethics-announcement","name":"Why we launched DeepMind Ethics & Society (2017)"},{"id":"meta","name":"Meta"},{"id":"fair-decade-2023","name":"FAIR ten-year retrospective (2023)"},{"id":"alibaba-cloud-intelligence","name":"Alibaba Cloud Intelligence Group"},{"id":"ms-fgf-2026","name":"Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework — February 2026"},{"id":"gpai-code-of-practice-2025","name":"General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (final version, 10 July 2025)"},{"id":"solomonoff-1985-time-scale","name":"The Time Scale of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections on Social Effects"},{"id":"drexler-1986-engines-of-creation","name":"Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology"},{"id":"fast-or-hard-takeoff","name":"Fast or hard takeoff"},{"id":"control-or-purpose-specification","name":"Control or purpose specification"},{"id":"slow-takeoff-time-to-adjust","name":"A slow takeoff will leave time to adjust"},{"id":"ai-box-experiment-page","name":"The AI-Box Experiment"},{"id":"extropians-1999-08-03-yudkowsky-1487","name":"Re: IA vs. AI (vs. humanity)"},{"id":"lw-2007-the-logical-fallacy-of-generalization-from","name":"The Logical Fallacy of Generalization from Fictional Evidence"},{"id":"lw-2023-alexander-and-yudkowsky-on-agi-goals","name":"Alexander and Yudkowsky on AGI goals"},{"id":"eu-ai-act-2024","name":"Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act), as published in the Official Journal"},{"id":"recent-economics-engagement-with-ai","name":"Recent entry of machine intelligence into mainstream economics"},{"id":"sachs-kotlikoff-2012-smart-machines","name":"Smart Machines and Long-Term Misery"},{"id":"us-ai-safety-institute","name":"U.S. AI Safety Institute"},{"id":"alex-lebrun","name":"Alex LeBrun"},{"id":"ami-labs","name":"AMI Labs (Advanced Machine Intelligence)"},{"id":"bytedance-seed","name":"ByteDance Seed / 字节跳动 Seed"},{"id":"li-feifei-alibaba","name":"Li Feifei (Alibaba Cloud)"},{"id":"nick-frosst","name":"Nick Frosst"},{"id":"seed-alignment-preparedness","name":"Seed Alignment & Preparedness"},{"id":"gpai-code-of-practice-draft1-2024","name":"General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, initial draft (14 November 2024)"},{"id":"nist-ai-800-1-2pd-2025","name":"NIST AI 800-1 (second public draft): Managing Misuse Risk for Dual-Use Foundation Models"},{"id":"us-ostp-nucleic-acid-synthesis-screening-framework-2024","name":"Framework for Nucleic Acid Synthesis Screening"}],"claims":[{"id":"atlas-deepmind-ethics-publication","statement":"DeepMind published the launch rationale for its Ethics & Society research unit.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Stated remit, not evidence of an independent ethics board or effective oversight.","evidenceIds":["evidence-atlas-deepmind-ethics-publication"]},{"id":"xm-fair-retrospective","statement":"Meta published a retrospective locating FAIR’s launch in late 2013 and describing a decade of open research.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A retrospective institutional account, not independent confirmation of every claimed achievement or proof of priority.","evidenceIds":["evidence-xm-fair-retrospective"]},{"id":"prov-ms-fgf-2026-pause-unmitigable-risk","statement":"The February 2026 edition of the Frontier Governance Framework states that if Microsoft identifies, during implementation of the framework, a risk it cannot sufficiently mitigate, it will pause development and deployment until mitigation practices evolve to meet the risk.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-ms-fgf-2026-pause-unmitigable-risk"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"msfgf-pause-unmitigable-risk"}}},{"id":"provchange-fsf-v3-1-alert-threshold","statement":"v3.1 defines alert thresholds for CCLs that may draw on evaluation results, expert assessments and other sources of information and flag when a CCL may be reached before a critical capability assessment is conducted again; v3.0 defined alert thresholds for its early warning evaluations that flag when a CCL may be reached before a risk assessment is conducted again, with a separate note allowing the ML R&D alert threshold to be defined from information on Google DeepMind’s own ML R&D progress rather than evaluation scores.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: FSF · v3.1 states the provision as quoted in its provision record (PDF p. 5, §1.3.2 Inherent Risk Assessment, third paragraph, second sentence); FSF · v3.0 states it as quoted in its provision record (PDF p. 5, §1.3, “Analysis” bullet, second sentence; Note on Machine Learning R&D CCLs, PDF pp. 5–6, last sentence). The difference described is read directly from the two quoted passages.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A textual difference between the two editions’ wording of this keyed provision. It is not an assessment of whether the change strengthened or weakened the framework, and not evidence of implementation.","evidenceIds":["evidence-provchange-fsf-v3-1-alert-threshold-later","evidence-provchange-fsf-v3-1-alert-threshold-earlier"],"attributes":{"changeBasis":"document_comparison","provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"fsf-alert-threshold"}}},{"id":"prov-rsp-v3-4-automated-rd-threshold","statement":"RSP v3.4 states that it would consider the dramatic-acceleration scenario of the Automated R&D threshold to have occurred where, among other conditions, Anthropic observes or expects double the rate of progress in AI aggregate capabilities compared to both the rate it would expect and the fastest rate of extended progress it has observed in the absence of significant AI contributions to AI R&D.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-rsp-v3-4-automated-rd-threshold"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"rsp-automated-rd-threshold"}}},{"id":"ts-a4-solomonoff-1985-context","statement":"Solomonoff’s paper gives illustrative times of about ten years and more for its later milestones.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Not a hard-takeoff forecast.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a4-solomonoff-1985-context"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"The illustrative transitions take years or decades, not hours to months.","attested":{"date":"2006-07-16","note":"The author’s later typesetting, with a later affiliation and contact details; a byte-identical copy at the author’s earlier address was captured on 2006-07-16. Not compared with the 1985 journal pages."}}}},{"id":"ts-b6-drexler-1986-contests","statement":"Engines of Creation argues that redundancy, design diversity and mental parts that reject actions on ethical grounds can make AI systems reliable, and that safety does not require every AI system to be trustworthy if some are and help plan precautions for the rest.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A proposed approach, not proof that it works; it does not deny every possibility of losing control.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-b6-drexler-1986-contests","evidence-ts-b6-drexler-1986-contests-2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"Disputes that trustworthy advanced systems are infeasible.","attested":{"date":"1997-07-09","note":"Wording checked in the Foresight Institute’s web edition (© 1986 K. Eric Drexler; published for the web by Russell Whitaker), whose earliest captures are of 1997-07-09; a reader’s message of October 1996 on the site shows the edition was online by then. Not compared with the 1986 printing."},"engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Gives reasons against the premise that capable AI systems cannot be kept reliable or trustworthy: redundancy and design diversity, and trustworthy systems helping to plan precautions for the rest."}}}},{"id":"yk-y11-extropians-1999-08-03-yudkowsky-1487-c","statement":"The Extropians message “Re: IA vs. AI (vs. humanity)” (1999-08-03) contests Y11. Replying to Jeff Davis, who expected a government project to wake and train an AI cautiously and gradually inside layers of containment, so that runaway self-improvement would be unlikely, he says runaway growth follows from self-enhancement itself, not from social arrangements, and that containment cannot keep it slow.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Capability gains will be gradual and visible. 'Transcend' is his 1990s term for the passage to superintelligence. The same message rejects building controls into the AI as technically impossible, a position he later abandoned; the quoted paragraph concerns only takeoff speed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t11-e2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that capability gains will be gradual and visible."}}}},{"id":"aia-art53-technical-documentation","statement":"Article 53(1)(a) requires providers of general-purpose AI models to draw up and keep up to date the technical documentation of the model, including its training and testing process and the results of its evaluation, containing at least the information set out in Annex XI, for provision on request to the AI Office and the national competent authorities.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"One of four duties in Article 53(1), which applies to all providers of general-purpose AI models. Article 53(2) exempts some open-source models from this duty, but not models with systemic risk (separate record). It states what the Regulation requires of the categories of provider it defines. Whether any named developer’s model falls within a category, and whether any developer complies, is legal application and is not recorded. A statutory duty is not evidence of implementation or enforcement. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (published 24 July 2026) amends other articles of the AI Act. Its text, inspected on 2026-10-10, does not list this article among those it amends; the consolidated AI Act was not inspected.","evidenceIds":["evidence-aia-art53-technical-documentation-1","evidence-aia-art53-technical-documentation-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"aia-gpai-technical-documentation","parties":[{"role":"informed","actor":"AI Office and national competent authorities, on request"}]}}},{"id":"ec-m09-sachs-kotlikoff-2012-smart-machines-b","statement":"Sachs and Kotlikoff, “Smart Machines and Long-Term Misery” (2012-12) bears on M09. The authors characterise their profession as reluctant to treat machines as competitors for labour; elsewhere (pdf p. 7) they attribute this to the record of real wage growth and reliance on Cobb-Douglas production functions.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"NBER Working Paper 18629, dated December 2012, revised January 2013; a highly stylised two-period OLG model, not an empirical estimate or forecast. A characterisation of economists' views of machines, not a statement that machine intelligence was unstudied; evidence of how the authors saw the field.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m09-08"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Concerns machines and automation in general, not machine intelligence as a research topic; no claim about when the field engaged it.","attested":{"date":"2013-01","note":"The cover lists \"December 2012, January 2013\"; the retrieved PDF may be the January 2013 revision, so its wording is attested from 2013-01 only."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); both authors economists."}}}},{"id":"lg-new-frosst-brain-2017","statement":"Dynamic Routing Between Capsules (arXiv v1, 26 October 2017) lists Nicholas Frosst under the Google Brain Toronto affiliation.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A shared author affiliation; it does not establish a title or dates of employment.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-new-frosst-brain-2017"],"attributes":{"role":"Author under Google Brain Toronto affiliation"}},{"id":"lg-mx-lebrun-ami-ceo-2025","statement":"TechCrunch reported on 19 December 2025 that Yann LeCun had written, in a post of 18 December 2025, that Alex LeBrun was transitioning from CEO of Nabla to CEO of AMI Labs.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on reporting: TechCrunch quotes LeCun's LinkedIn post and refers to a Nabla press release; neither was retrieved.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-mx-lebrun-ami-ceo-2025"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Executive Officer"}},{"id":"lg-gc-li-feifei-alibaba-cloud-cto-2026","statement":"Caixin Global reported on 8 April 2026 that Alibaba CEO Eddie Wu had announced a reshuffle that named a new chief technology officer for the cloud computing unit and tapped Li Feifei to lead cloud technology and AI infrastructure.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: (1) the report’s readable opening says that Alibaba named a new chief technology officer for its cloud computing unit; (2) the same opening says that the reshuffle taps Li Feifei to lead cloud technology and AI infrastructure. Reasoning: the two sentences are read together as naming Li Feifei as that officer; the readable text does not put the title next to the name.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on reporting (subscriber article; only the opening is available) of an announcement that was not retrieved. Start date and continuing role are not established. The link between the title and Li Feifei is an editorial reading of the opening sentences; a summary lower on the page, marked as machine-generated, was not used. Not the Stanford computer scientist Fei-Fei Li.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gc-li-feifei-alibaba-cloud-cto-2026","lg-ev-gc-li-feifei-alibaba-cloud-cto-2026-b"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"chief technology officer, cloud unit (as read from the report’s opening)"}},{"id":"lg-gc-seed-alignment-preparedness-2026","statement":"ByteDance Seed announced on 14 October 2026 that it had recently formed an Alignment & Preparedness department.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A recruitment announcement; it names no head and gives no formation date. Staffing, scope in practice and implementation are not established. English rendering of the Chinese passage is a machine translation; no human translation review.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gc-seed-alignment-preparedness-2026"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-ai-box-experiment-page","statement":"“The AI-Box Experiment” (2002) credits Eliezer S. Yudkowsky as its author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited authorship of this expression; it says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-ai-box-experiment-page"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2007-the-logical-fallacy-of-generalization-from","statement":"“The Logical Fallacy of Generalization from Fictional Evidence” (2007-10-16) credits Eliezer Yudkowsky as its author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited authorship of this expression; it says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2007-the-logical-fallacy-of-generalization-from"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2023-alexander-and-yudkowsky-on-agi-goals","statement":"“Alexander and Yudkowsky on AGI goals” (2023-01-24) credits Eliezer Yudkowsky as one of its 2 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2023-alexander-and-yudkowsky-on-agi-goals"]},{"id":"cmp-rsp-2023-d5-cadence","statement":"RSP · 2023 states a provision on the comparison question “Evaluation timing”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-2023-d5-cadence-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"evaluation_timing","key":"comparison-d5-cadence","facet":{"id":"D5.cadence","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"fl-eu-cop-final-changes-from-draft1-ssf","statement":"The final Code's Safety and Security chapter opens Commitment 1 by committing signatories to a three-step Framework adoption process (creating, implementing and updating a “state-of-the-art” Framework) and to notifying the AI Office of it, where the initial draft's Measure 7 opened by committing signatories to adopting, implementing and making available a Safety and Security Framework.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Both passages are quoted; the comparison lists wording present in the final Commitment 1 (state-of-the-art; creating, implementing, updating; notification) and absent from draft Measure 7, and the draft's \"making available\", which the final paragraph does not use.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A textual comparison of the two opening commitments only. The initial draft already provided for updating the Framework (Sub-Measure 11.1) and for notifying it to the AI Office (Measure 20), so neither element is new in the final Code. The intermediate drafts were not retrieved, so the stage at which the wording changed is unknown. No inference about reasons.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-eu-cop-final-changes-from-draft1-ssf-1","evidence-fl-eu-cop-final-changes-from-draft1-ssf-2","evidence-fl-eu-cop-final-changes-from-draft1-ssf-3"],"attributes":{"changeBasis":"document_comparison"}},{"id":"fl-us-nist-ai-800-1-2pd-published","statement":"On 15 January 2025 the U.S. AI Safety Institute released the second public draft of NIST AI 800-1, \"Managing Misuse Risk for Dual-Use Foundation Models\", for public comment through 15 March 2025.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A draft of voluntary guidance (\"voluntary best practices\", per the news page); no final version was located.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-us-nist-ai-800-1-2pd-published-1","evidence-fl-us-nist-ai-800-1-2pd-published-2"]},{"id":"ab-scr-ostp-framework-funding-requirement-effective","statement":"The Framework states that the requirement that procurement for federally funded research be conducted through providers or manufacturers that adhere to the framework takes effect for all purchases of synthetic nucleic acids and benchtop nucleic acid synthesis equipment that take place on or after 26 April 2025.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"States the date the framework sets for the requirement. Whether any funding agency established the requirement, and in what terms, is not recorded; the framework says agencies will do so under their own authorities, such as through award terms and conditions. The provision kind is `threshold`, the kind the dataset uses for a stated date of effect or application (`recorded separately`, `ny-effective-date`); the schema has no `date` kind. The record is dated by the expression that states the requirement, the revision of September 2024, because the schema dates a provision by one of its expression’s own dates. The day the framework states for application to purchases, 26 April 2025, is in the statement and in the quoted passage; it is not an effective date of any agency’s own terms and conditions. The provision kind is now `date` (schema 2.22), where part 1 used `threshold` on the dataset’s earlier precedent.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-scr-ostp-framework-funding-requirement-effective-1","evidence-ab-scr-ostp-framework-funding-requirement-effective-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"date","key":"ostp-framework-funding-requirement-effective"}}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-rsp-1-0","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v1.0","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":"2023-09-19","version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v1.0; effective date 2023-09-19.","versionDate":"2023-09-19","canonicalUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/1adf000c8f675958c2ee23805d91aaade1cd4613/responsible-scaling-policy.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/1adf000c8f675958c2ee23805d91aaade1cd4613/responsible-scaling-policy.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230919161730/https://www-files.anthropic.com/production/files/responsible-scaling-policy-1.0.pdf","archivedAt":"2023-09-19","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v1.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-rsp-3-4","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.4","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.4; effective date 2026-07-08.","versionDate":"2026-07-08","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/0bacdc8440ea96e62a8766d99ebe1d4eea6d5f3a.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/0bacdc8440ea96e62a8766d99ebe1d4eea6d5f3a.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260710234036/https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/0bacdc8440ea96e62a8766d99ebe1d4eea6d5f3a.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-07-10","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.4.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-fsf-3-0","title":"Frontier Safety Framework — v3.0","authors":["Google DeepMind"],"publisher":"Google DeepMind","publicationDate":"2025-09-22","version":"Frontier Safety Framework v3.0; publication date 2025-09-22.","versionDate":"2025-09-22","canonicalUrl":"https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/frontier-safety-framework_3.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/frontier-safety-framework_3.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250922134959/https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/frontier-safety-framework_3.pdf","archivedAt":"2025-09-22","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Google DeepMind, Frontier Safety Framework — v3.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-fsf-3-1","title":"Frontier Safety Framework — v3.1","authors":["Google DeepMind"],"publisher":"Google DeepMind","publicationDate":"2026-04-17","version":"Frontier Safety Framework v3.1; publication date 2026-04-17.","versionDate":"2026-04-17","canonicalUrl":"https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/frontier-safety-framework_3-1.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/frontier-safety-framework_3-1.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260423021420/https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/frontier-safety-framework_3-1.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-04-23","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Google DeepMind, Frontier Safety Framework — v3.1.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-atlas-deepmind-ethics","title":"Why we launched DeepMind Ethics & Society","authors":["Sean Legassick","Verity Harding"],"publisher":"DeepMind","publicationDate":"2017-10-03","version":"Dated publisher page inspected 2026-09-28; current HTML, not an authenticated historical capture.","canonicalUrl":"https://deepmind.google/blog/why-we-launched-deepmind-ethics-society/","evidenceUrl":"https://deepmind.google/blog/why-we-launched-deepmind-ethics-society/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260823164605/https://deepmind.google/blog/why-we-launched-deepmind-ethics-society/","archivedAt":"2026-08-23","accessedAt":"2026-09-28","reuse":{"attribution":"Sean Legassick; Verity Harding. Why we launched DeepMind Ethics & Society.","licence":"No redistribution licence asserted.","note":"Short attributed paraphrases only; original publication is linked, not redistributed."}},{"id":"source-xm-fair-decade","title":"Celebrating 10 years of FAIR: A decade of advancing the state-of-the-art through open research","authors":["Joelle Pineau"],"publisher":"Meta","publicationDate":"2023-11-30","version":"Dated publisher webpage as retrieved; not an authenticated historical capture.","canonicalUrl":"https://ai.meta.com/blog/fair-10-year-anniversary-open-science-meta/","evidenceUrl":"https://ai.meta.com/blog/fair-10-year-anniversary-open-science-meta/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260823175628/https://ai.meta.com/blog/fair-10-year-anniversary-open-science-meta/","archivedAt":"2026-08-23","accessedAt":"2026-09-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Celebrating 10 years of FAIR: A decade of advancing the state-of-the-art through open research — Meta","licence":"No redistribution licence asserted.","note":"Source-linked metadata and brief evidence paraphrases; original text remains with its publisher."}},{"id":"source-ms-fgf-2026","title":"Frontier Governance Framework — February 2026","authors":["Microsoft"],"publisher":"Microsoft","publicationDate":null,"version":"Frontier Governance Framework, February 2026 edition (change log entry dated February 2026). 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Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-provchange-fsf-v3-1-alert-threshold-earlier","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 5, §1.3, “Analysis” bullet, second sentence; Note on Machine Learning R&D CCLs, PDF pp. 5–6, last sentence","passage":"v3.0 designs its alert thresholds for early warning evaluations to flag when a CCL may be reached before a risk assessment is conducted again, and its Note on Machine Learning R&D CCLs lets the ML R&D alert threshold be defined from Google DeepMind’s own ML R&D progress information rather than evaluation scores.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Paraphrase checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the cited edition; the edition’s own wording is quoted in its provision record. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-prov-rsp-v3-4-automated-rd-threshold","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 9 (printed p. 9), §1 Our Recommendations for Industry-Wide Safety, table row 'Automated R&D in key domains', left column ('Capability or usage threshold'), paragraph beginning 'We would consider scenario (2)', to the end of condition (a); footnote 9","passage":"We would consider scenario (2) to have occurred where (a) we observe or expect double the rate of progress8 in AI aggregate capabilities compared to both the rate we’d expect and the fastest rate of extended progress9 we’ve observed in the absence of significant AI contributions to AI R&D","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the inspected PDF, byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2026-07-10. Extraction note: Verified against the left column extracted on its own, as for v3.3 (the plain text layer interleaves the columns). The layer has no word space between “expect” and “double”; the quote restores it. “8” and “9” are superscript footnote markers; footnote 9 reads “Over at least three model generations.” Quote ends before condition (b). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a4-solomonoff-1985-context","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Main text, milestones F–G (PDF pages 4–5)","passage":"About ten years from a machine at the level of one person to a research community’s equivalent, and further years in one scenario.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Paraphrase from the pre-1996 candidate search, checked against the text layer."},{"id":"evidence-ts-b6-drexler-1986-contests","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Chapter 11, \"Trustworthy Systems\" (printed pp. 153–154 in the later electronic edition)","passage":"AI systems with many parts will have room for redundancy and design diversity, making reliability possible.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Checked against the 1997 capture of chapter 11 on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-ts-b6-drexler-1986-contests-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Notes for chapter 11, note \"... AI systems can be made trustworthy ...\"","passage":"Safety does not require that all AI systems be made trustworthy, so long as some are trustworthy and help us plan precautions for the rest.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Checked against the 1997 capture of the notes page."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t11-e2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'The runaway self-evolution business is a technical artifact'","passage":"The runaway self-evolution business is a technical artifact, not a social one. It's the nature of self-enhancement. … a slow Transcend only works for as long as you can convince the Transcendee to remain slow.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T11-e2. The quotation (35 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 9234ee148973e0bf6feb236801e09f00eea8907cb862e91a55a64f3d6e2b08a8) when checked on 2026-10-07."},{"id":"evidence-aia-art53-technical-documentation-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 53(1), point (a)","passage":"draw up and keep up-to-date the technical documentation of the model","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing session against the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-aia-art53-technical-documentation-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 53(1), point (a), remainder","passage":"The documentation is to include the model’s training and testing process and the results of its evaluation, contain at least the information in Annex XI, and be provided on request to the AI Office and the national competent authorities.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Editorial paraphrase proposed by the proposing session from the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ec-m09-08","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 17; Conclusion (printed p. 16)","passage":"Even if economists have been reluctant to view machines, be they drones or microprocessors, as dangerous competitors","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M09-08 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (17 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 aa4958092702ecfad60c57fcdff3a76505353fccab0bcb60bda2fb1b14c0a65b) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"Misleads when shown alone (GPT cross-family check of 2026-10-12, accepted by the maintainer on 2026-10-12).","requires":"The full sentence and model concern employment consequences, not comprehensive disciplinary history."}},{"id":"lg-ev-new-frosst-brain-2017","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title page, author block","passage":"Sara Sabour Nicholas Frosst Geoffrey E. Hinton Google Brain Toronto","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (10 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-mx-lebrun-ami-ceo-2025","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 2, quoting LeCun's post","passage":"Alex LeBrun is transitioning from CEO of Nabla to CEO of AMI Labs!","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (13 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gc-li-feifei-alibaba-cloud-cto-2026","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening paragraphs (text available before the subscription barrier)","passage":"named a new chief technology officer for its cloud computing unit","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (11 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and judged it partly supported; its findings were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gc-li-feifei-alibaba-cloud-cto-2026-b","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening paragraphs (text available before the subscription barrier)","passage":"tapping Li Feifei to lead cloud technology and AI infrastructure","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (10 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and judged it partly supported; its findings were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gc-seed-alignment-preparedness-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening paragraphs of the post","passage":"Seed 近日成立了 Alignment & Preparedness 部门。","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (6 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-ai-box-experiment-page","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Page head: author byline","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2007-the-logical-fallacy-of-generalization-from","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Post author list in the publisher’s post data (LessWrong GraphQL API)","passage":"Eliezer Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval through the publisher’s post data. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2023-alexander-and-yudkowsky-on-agi-goals","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Post author list in the publisher’s post data (LessWrong GraphQL API)","passage":"Eliezer Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval through the publisher’s post data and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-2023-d5-cadence-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 12 (printed p. 12), Evaluation Protocol, bullet 'Timing', first sentence","passage":"The edition says that during training and fine-tuning Anthropic will evaluate its models for next-ASL capabilities each time effective compute grows fourfold, including mid-training, and every three months.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The three-monthly evaluation is stated as monitoring fine-tuning, tooling and similar improvements; the edition says it has aimed for a 6x “safety buffer”, larger than the 4x interval (PDF p. 11). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-final-changes-from-draft1-ssf-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Commitment 1, second paragraph (p. 6)","passage":"Signatories commit to a Framework adoption process that involves three steps","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (11 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from ec.europa.eu. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 26) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-final-changes-from-draft1-ssf-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Commitment 1, second paragraph (p. 6)","passage":"The three steps are creating (Measure 1.1), implementing (Measure 1.2) and updating (Measure 1.3) the Framework; signatories further commit to notifying the AI Office of it (Measure 1.4). The opening paragraph's “state-of-the-art” wording is quoted in a separate record.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved on 2026-10-27 and read directly from ec.europa.eu; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 26) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-final-changes-from-draft1-ssf-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Measure 7, first sentence (p. 21)","passage":"The Signatories commit to adopting, implementing, and making available a Safety and Security Framework (SSF)","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (15 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the Commission’s own file, which this record cites (SHA-256 e7522e16b0dd05f368592ff19cd2e4af1f1208be88015bfa0059cdb5f6a32354). Read directly from the Commission's newsroom. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 26) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-nist-ai-800-1-2pd-published-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"News page, first paragraph (released January 15, 2025)","passage":"released the second public draft of its guidelines on Managing Misuse Risk for Dual-Use Foundation Models (NIST AI 800-1)","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (19 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from www.nist.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 38) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-nist-ai-800-1-2pd-published-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title page (PDF p. 2)","passage":"Second Public Draft … January 2025","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (5 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from nvlpubs.nist.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 38) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-scr-ostp-framework-funding-requirement-effective-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"II. Role of Federal Funding Agencies, p. 5","passage":"This requirement will take effect for all purchases of synthetic nucleic acids and benchtop nucleic synthesis equipment that take place on or after April 26, 2025.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (26 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Quoted as printed, including 'benchtop nucleic synthesis equipment'. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30) re-read this record outside its brief, with the other records resting on the same source, and found the cited proposition supported. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-scr-ostp-framework-funding-requirement-effective-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"II. Role of Federal Funding Agencies, p. 5","passage":"the framework restates the Executive Order's requirement that all agencies funding life sciences research establish, as a requirement of funding and as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, that procurement for federally funded research is conducted through adhering providers or manufacturers.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. Explicit paraphrase; its footnote cites section 4.4(b)(iii) of the order and states that funding includes grants, contracts, cooperative agreements and other agreements. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30) re-read this record outside its brief, with the other records resting on the same source, and found the cited proposition supported. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[9,10,19,21,49,51,52,138,157,164,197,202,253,268,269,339,346,360,379,400,437,438,491,522,536,584,619,625,643,725,752,792,1007,1048,1219],"claims":[304,339,483,507,522,806,815,1067,1195,1454,1589,1819,1864,1903,2405,2431,2468,2489,2887,2984,3315],"sources":[35,43,46,47,135,150,184,242,268,270,271,342,367,404,405,457,487,611,619,710,722,846,888,889,1047],"evidence":[325,361,514,548,549,588,1016,1025,1026,1298,1454,1455,1812,1987,2338,2404,2405,2465,3052,3078,3115,3136,3713,3714,3715,3863,3864,4549,4550]},"version":"1lg47t7"}