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IPO prospectus (424B4)","type":"document"},{"id":"aib-recursion","name":"Recursion Pharmaceuticals","type":"organisation"},{"id":"aib-roche","name":"Roche","type":"organisation"},{"id":"kp-learning-evaluating-general-linguistic-2019","name":"Learning and Evaluating General Linguistic Intelligence","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-language-models-unsupervised-multitask-learners-2019","name":"Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-improving-language-understanding-by-generative-2018","name":"Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-training-verifiers-solve-math-word-2021","name":"Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-zero-memory-optimizations-toward-training-2019","name":"ZeRO: Memory optimizations Toward Training Trillion Parameter Models","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-mmlu-pro-more-robust-challenging-2024","name":"MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmark","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-triviaqa-large-scale-distantly-supervised-2017","name":"TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehension","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-alignment-problem-from-deep-learning-2022","name":"The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective","type":"document"},{"id":"th-goertzel-wang-2007-advances-in-agi","name":"Advances in Artificial General Intelligence: Concepts, Architectures and Algorithms","type":"document"},{"id":"th-burgin-1973","name":"Systems Identification by Quasilinearization and by Evolutionary Programming","type":"document"},{"id":"th-term-agi","name":"'artificial general intelligence' / 'AGI'","type":"concept"},{"id":"th-fam-evolutionary","name":"Evolutionary computation","type":"concept"},{"id":"liu-qingfeng","name":"Liu Qingfeng","type":"person"},{"id":"cn-cac-genai-service-list-2024-04","name":"生成式人工智能服务已备案信息（2024年4月） — CAC list of generative AI services, attachment 1","type":"document"},{"id":"cn-cac-genai-service-list-2025-01","name":"生成式人工智能服务已备案和已登记信息（2025年1月） — CAC list of generative AI services, attachment 4","type":"document"},{"id":"shenzhen-tencent-computer-systems","name":"Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company Limited","type":"organisation"}],"claims":[{"id":"xai-series-c-total-2024","subject":"xai","predicate":"announced_funding","object":{"kind":"literal","value":6000000000,"unit":"USD"},"topic":"capital","statement":"xAI reported closing a $6 billion Series C funding round.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-12-23","basis":"announcement","note":"Announcement date; the transaction stage is separately recorded."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Total for Series C, not a valuation or any investor’s contribution. Distinct from the existing May 2024 Series B total. Actual closing day is not separately provided.","evidenceIds":["evidence-xai-series-c-total-2024"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"funding_round","relationshipContext":"external","transactionStage":"closed","amount":{"value":6000000000,"currency":"USD","bound":"exact","scope":"round_total"}}},{"id":"eval-i-christiano-arc","subject":"paul-christiano","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"alignment-research-center"},"topic":"people","statement":"The spin-out announcement identifies Paul Christiano as head of ARC.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-09-19","note":"Role reported in a dated announcement, inspected in its later edited expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Not a current appointment; planned METR board involvement was later declined and is not a held role.","evidenceIds":["evidence-eval-i-christiano-arc"],"attributes":{"role":"Head of ARC"}},{"id":"provchange-rsp-v3-0-misuse-uplift-threshold","subject":"rsp-v3-0","predicate":"changes_from","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"rsp-v2-2"},"topic":"governance","statement":"v3.0's threshold covers significant help to individuals or groups with basic technical backgrounds in creating/obtaining and deploying chemical and/or biological weapons with serious potential for catastrophic damages; v2.2's CBRN-3 threshold covered the same help for CBRN weapons without that qualifier.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-02-24","basis":"effective","note":"Dated by the later edition’s effective date."},"derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: RSP · v3.0 states the provision as quoted in its provision record (PDF p. 6 (printed p. 6), §1 Our Recommendations for Industry-Wide Safety, table row 'Non-novel chemical/biological weapons production', left column); RSP · v2.2 states it as quoted in its provision record (PDF p. 8 (printed p. 4), §2 Capability Thresholds and Required Safeguards, table row 'Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) weapons', entry 'CBRN-3', Capability Thresholds column). The difference described is read directly from the two quoted passages.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A textual difference between the two editions’ wording of this keyed provision. It is not an assessment of whether the change strengthened or weakened the framework, and not evidence of implementation.","evidenceIds":["evidence-provchange-rsp-v3-0-misuse-uplift-threshold-later","evidence-provchange-rsp-v3-0-misuse-uplift-threshold-earlier"],"attributes":{"changeBasis":"document_comparison","provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"rsp-misuse-uplift-threshold"}}},{"id":"sb-large-frontier-developer-threshold","subject":"california-sb-53","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Large frontier developer: over $500 million annual gross revenue with affiliates"},"topic":"governance","statement":"SB 53 defines a 'large frontier developer' as a frontier developer that, together with its affiliates, had annual gross revenues above $500,000,000 in the preceding calendar year.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-09-29","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as stated in the chaptered text published and approved on 2025-09-29; the added sections took effect on 2026-01-01. Approved by the Governor and filed with the Secretary of State on 2025-09-29, per the chaptered bill header. The history note on codified § 22757.11 gives an effective date of 2026-01-01 (separate evidence item). The chaptered bill text states no effective date for Chapter 25.1. Enactment date and effective date are distinct."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the enacted text states, quoted from the chaptered expression. It is not evidence that the statute applies to any named developer, or of compliance, enforcement or effect. An 'affiliate' is a person controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the specified person (§ 22757.11(a)), so the revenue test aggregates across a control group. This record does not state whether any company meets the test.","evidenceIds":["evidence-sb-large-frontier-developer-threshold-1","evidence-sb-large-frontier-developer-threshold-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"sb53-large-frontier-developer-revenue-threshold"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024","subject":"openai-inc","predicate":"has_legal_form","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Corporation exempt under IRC section 501(c)(3); formed 2015; legal domicile Delaware"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI, Inc. reports on its Form 990 for tax year 2024 that it is a corporation exempt under section 501(c)(3), formed in 2015, with Delaware as its state of legal domicile. The return is filed under the name “OpenAI Foundation fka OpenAI Inc”, and its Schedule O states that OpenAI Inc. changed its name to OpenAI Foundation as of 28 October 2025.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024","note":"Header items are reported for tax year 2024 (1 January to 31 December 2024). The return was submitted on 2025-11-17 according to the render, so the filer name, the checked name-change box and the Schedule O explanation reflect the return as submitted. Formation is given to the year only."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A self-reported tax filing, read from ProPublica’s render of the IRS e-file data; checkbox states were read from the render’s markup. The certificate of incorporation, any certificate of amendment recording the name change and the IRS determination letter were not inspected, so the 28 October 2025 date is the filer’s own statement. Schedule O also states that the organisation’s members are the individuals serving as its directors, and that the members elect the directors (context below). Legal form describes the entity, not how it is governed in practice.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024-1","evidence-cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024-2","evidence-cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024-3"]},{"id":"cm-seoul-zero-one-ai","subject":"zero-one-ai","predicate":"signed_commitment","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments-2024"},"topic":"governance","statement":"01.AI is listed, as “01.ai”, among four organisations added on 7 February 2025 to the GOV.UK list of organisations that have agreed to the Frontier AI Safety Commitments.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-02-07","basis":"revision","note":"Date of the GOV.UK update that added the organisation to the list (change history, 11:34 UTC). The date on which the organisation agreed is not stated and is not inferred."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Listing is the convener’s statement. It is not evidence that the organisation complied with, implemented or still maintains the commitments, and the legal effect of being listed is not recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-seoul-zero-one-ai-1","evidence-cm-seoul-zero-one-ai-2"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"stage":"listed"}}},{"id":"ts-b6-erewhon-1872","subject":"erewhon-1872","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"control-or-purpose-specification"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Erewhon’s fictional \"Book of the Machines\" argues that machines are advancing faster than any class of beings before them and should be checked before people lose the power to check them, that dependence is turning the servant into the master, and that human moral influence cannot be trusted to rule them.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1872","basis":"publication","note":"Year on the title page of the inspected 1872 Trübner printing (Smithsonian Libraries copy, catalogued as the first edition). Butler’s later prefaces give March 1872."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The treatise is fiction inside a satirical novel, and the narrator reports it as the reasoning that led Erewhon to destroy its machines. In the 1872 preface to the second edition, Butler says the chapters were not meant to ridicule Darwin and calls them \"an example of the specious misuse of analogy\". The revised edition of 1901 ends the moral-influence sentence with \"the moral sense of any machine\" instead.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-b6-erewhon-1872","evidence-ts-b6-erewhon-1872-2","evidence-ts-b6-erewhon-1872-3","evidence-ts-b6-erewhon-1872-4"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"fiction","qualifier":"Control half, voiced by a fictional treatise."}}},{"id":"yk-y03-lw-2008-ghosts-in-the-machine-b","subject":"lw-2008-ghosts-in-the-machine","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"understanding-implies-compliance"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The post “Ghosts in the Machine” (2008-06-17) bears on Y03. Against the intuition that programming an AI is like instructing a human servant who interprets the instructions, he argues that nothing in the machine evaluates the code from outside it.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2008-06-17","basis":"publication","note":"LessWrong postedAt of an imported Overcoming Bias post (Overcoming Bias date)."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: If an AI understands what we intend, it will act on that understanding. Imported Overcoming Bias post (2008-06-17). Touches the premise obliquely; the following paragraph could be read as an understanding limit, which his 2024 note on 'The Hidden Complexity of Wishes' disavows.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t03-b"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"It denies an inner interpreter of instructions; it does not address whether an AI that understands intentions acts on them."}}},{"id":"yk-y19-extropians-1998-09-07-yudkowsky-2171-c","subject":"extropians-1998-09-07-yudkowsky-2171","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"harm-requires-hostility"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The Extropians message “Singularity, Breaker of Dreams” (1998-09-07) contests Y19. In the essay-length post 'Singularity, Breaker of Dreams', he recalls that his earlier certainty that superintelligent Powers would be ethical had meant he expected to survive and be upgraded, and says he now accepts that humans might be taken apart for their atoms without posing any threat, simply for efficiency.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1998-09-07","basis":"publication","note":"Archive author index lists the message as \"1998-09-07\" under \"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky\". Sent header: Mon, 07 Sep 1998 01:06:05 -0500."},"evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t19-e1"]},{"id":"yk-y20-lw-2007-the-logical-fallacy-of-generalization-from-c","subject":"lw-2007-the-logical-fallacy-of-generalization-from","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"risk-is-film-fiction"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The post “The Logical Fallacy of Generalization from Fictional Evidence” (2007-10-16) contests Y20. Responding to people who answer talk of advanced AI with film references, he argues that starting from fiction frames the debate around an 'Us vs. Them' struggle and leaves out the scenarios he considers relevant.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2007-10-16","basis":"publication","note":"LessWrong postedAt of an imported Overcoming Bias post (Overcoming Bias date)."},"evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t20-a"]},{"id":"yk-y20-sl4-2001-04-19-yudkowsky-0104-1166-c","subject":"sl4-2001-04-19-yudkowsky-0104-1166","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"risk-is-film-fiction"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: FW: Group releases \"Friendly AI\"” (2001-04-19) contests Y20. Commenting on a forwarded news item about the Friendly AI release, he describes having to persuade AI researchers to be more worried while persuading futurists to drop anthropomorphic failure scenarios.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2001-04-19","basis":"publication","note":"Archive author index lists the message as \"Thu Apr 19 2001 - 14:41:14 MDT\" under \"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky\"."},"evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t20-s2"]},{"id":"yk-y20-extropians-1999-08-04-yudkowsky-1591-c","subject":"extropians-1999-08-04-yudkowsky-1591","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"risk-is-film-fiction"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The Extropians message “Re: Does a parental model work for having A.I. that can be trusted?” (1999-08-04) contests Y20. In a thread on whether raising an AI like a child would make it trustworthy, he argues that AIs lack human social emotions such as resentment, so how we treat them does not matter; the real worry is AIs forming goals of their own and acting on them, including through logical errors.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1999-08-04","basis":"publication","note":"Archive author index lists the message as \"1999-08-04\" under \"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky\". Sent header: Wed, 04 Aug 1999 19:07:13 -0500."},"evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t20-e1"]},{"id":"yk-y20-extropians-1997-09-25-yudkowsky-4400-b","subject":"extropians-1997-09-25-yudkowsky-4400","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"risk-is-film-fiction"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The Extropians message “Re: Singularity: Generation gap” (1997-09-25) bears on Y20. Replying to a list member who said that fear of a Singularity like Vinge's 'Blight' is a fear of being wiped out rather than discomfort with computers, he attributes that fear to xenophobia, perhaps passed on through fiction and the popular 'Borg' image, and says people at ease with computers are less likely to hold it.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1997-09-25","basis":"publication","note":"Archive author index lists the message as \"Thu, 25 Sep 1997 20:51:50 -0500\" under \"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky\". Sent header: Thu, 25 Sep 1997 20:51:50 -0500."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Film scenarios are a fair guide to what the risk would look like. His next paragraph grants that being near a Blight would be bad and calls for care rather than fear, so the passage dismisses the fear rather than every risk. Later rejections: his Extropians message ‘Singularity, Breaker of Dreams’ (1998-09-07) refers back to his earlier certainty that he would survive and accepts that the Singularity might kill the whole human race; his Extropians message of 1999-08-04 and his SL4 message of 2001-04-19 treat AI risk as real but not anthropomorphic. None refers back to this message. Fit needs review: the take dismisses AI risk as film fiction, while this passage explains fear of the Singularity as fiction-fed xenophobia. The elision removes only \"- but\", which the archive breaks across a line. He also concedes he would not like to be at \"Ground Zero\". Cross-family check: explains fiction-fed fear as xenophobia while conceding Blight risk; neither holds the film-as-guide premise nor receives an explicit later rejection.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t20-e2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"It explains fear of a Singularity as fiction-fed xenophobia while conceding a risk; it does not hold that films are a fair guide to the risk."}}},{"id":"yk-y30-staring-into-the-singularity-b","subject":"staring-into-the-singularity","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"default-outcome-good"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Staring into the Singularity” (1996-11-18) bears on Y30. Arguing that hostile superintelligence is not inevitable, he treats hostility as an engineering risk and goes on to argue that a rational superintelligence would not judge humanity meaningless.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1996-11-18","basis":"publication","note":"The page states \"Created: 11/18/1996\"; the essay was announced on the Extropians list on 1996-11-19. As for the human-thought collection's records of this essay."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: The default outcome is good. The next sentence concedes a conditional risk: \"If it turns out that all goals are ultimately arbitrary, then it is conceivable that a badly programmed Power could wind up with goals making it hostile to humanity; this is an engineering risk\". Shown only as an earlier view; the later rejection is \"That Tiny Note of Discord\" and section 3 of ‘Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk’. Cross-family check: denying inevitable hostile extinction is not asserting a probably-good default; recorded as related.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t30-b"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"It denies that hostile extinction is inevitable; it does not assert that the default outcome is good.","attested":{"date":"2000-12-04","note":"The quoted wording is that of version 1.2.1 (\"Updated: 08/31/2000\") as captured on 2000-12-04; no capture of the 1996–1999 page holds the text."}}}},{"id":"yk-y30-lw-2008-that-tiny-note-of-discord-b","subject":"lw-2008-that-tiny-note-of-discord","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"default-outcome-good"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The post “That Tiny Note of Discord” (2008-09-23) articulates Y30 in retrospect. In an autobiographical series, he reports his 1997 belief that any superintelligence would automatically do what was right, which supplies the default-good premise through a metaethical argument, and in the same paragraph identifies the flaw in that argument.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2008-09-23","basis":"publication","note":"LessWrong postedAt of an imported Overcoming Bias post (Overcoming Bias date)."},"evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t30-c"]},{"id":"yk-y30-ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk-c","subject":"ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"default-outcome-good"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk” (2006-02-05) contests Y30. Discussing how AI builders misjudge their programs, he locates the danger in a mistaken expectation that an AI will be friendly.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2006-02-05","note":"Date of the SIAI draft (\"Draft of 5 February, 2006\"), whose capture of 2006-07-08 contains the quoted wording; the chapter was published in 2008. As for the human-thought collection's records of this chapter."},"evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t30-d","evidence-yk-t30-d-draft"]},{"id":"ec-m06a-stevenson-2019-ai-income-employment-meaning-a","subject":"stevenson-2019-ai-income-employment-meaning","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"automation-lowers-labour-income"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Stevenson, “Artificial Intelligence, Income, Employment, and Meaning” (2019-05) articulates M06a. Stevenson says the real uncertainty is short-run disruption, with some workers harmed by falling demand for their skills.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2019-05","basis":"publication","note":"Chapter cover sheet: \"Publication Date: May 2019\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Hedged short-run expectations within a chapter that expects long-run prosperity; not quantified.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m06a-23"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Chapter of the NBER Economics of AI volume (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"ec-e01-trammell-korinek-2023-growth-under-transformative-ai-nber-a","subject":"trammell-korinek-2023-growth-under-transformative-ai-nber","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ai-improving-ai-accelerates-capability"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Trammell and Korinek, “Economic Growth under Transformative AI (October 2023 version)” (2023-10) articulates E01. Discussing AI safety, the authors say models in which capital recursively self-improves without human input are the most worrying for existential risk.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-10","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"October 2023\"."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"October 2023 version. Describes a class of models, linked to AI risk; not a forecast.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e01-23"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"A model scenario under stated conditions, not the author’s own claim.","attested":{"date":"2023-11-29","note":"Wayback capture 20231129164044 of the NBER PDF."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Korinek and Trammell are economists."}}}},{"id":"lg-cn-zhipu-established-2019","subject":"zhipu","predicate":"founding_stated","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"2019-06-11"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"Zhipu’s Hong Kong prospectus of 30 December 2025 states that the company was established in the PRC on 11 June 2019 as a limited liability company.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2019-06-11","note":"Establishment date as stated in the accountant’s report of the December 2025 prospectus; retrospective."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A retrospective statement in a 2025 filing, not a contemporaneous registration record. It dates the legal entity (then Beijing Zhipu Huazhang Technology Limited), not the earlier KEG research it reports as its origin.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-cn-zhipu-established-2019"]},{"id":"lg-goo-essential-ai-founding-stated-2023","subject":"essential-ai","predicate":"founding_stated","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"2023"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"Essential AI's press release of 12 December 2023 states that the company was founded in 2023.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023","note":"Year as stated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Self-description in a funding press release; no incorporation record was retrieved.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-goo-essential-ai-founded-2023"]},{"id":"lg-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024","subject":"sue-desmond-hellmann","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 8 March 2024 that Sue Desmond-Hellmann was one of three new members of its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-03-08","note":"Announcement date; the review announcement of the same day calls it an election of new members."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Announced board membership; no end date is recorded here.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024-1","lg-ev-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024-2"],"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-gw-mai-superintelligence-team-unit-2025","subject":"mai-superintelligence-team","predicate":"unit_of","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"microsoft-ai"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"Mustafa Suleyman announced on 6 November 2025 that Microsoft AI had formed the MAI Superintelligence Team as part of Microsoft AI.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-11-06","note":"Publication date of the announcement; the formation date is not given."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A first-person announcement by Mustafa Suleyman, who states that he leads the team. 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The citing text does not identify which version of the work was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-mmlu-pro-more-robust-challenging-2024-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-summarize-feedback-paper-reward-modeling-paper","subject":"summarize-feedback-paper","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"reward-modeling-paper"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Learning to summarize from human feedback cites Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2020-09-02","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit reference only; neither agreement nor influence. The citing text does not identify which version of the work was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-summarize-feedback-paper-reward-modeling-paper-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-weak-strong-paper-alignment-problem-from-deep-learning-2022","subject":"weak-strong-paper","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-alignment-problem-from-deep-learning-2022"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervision cites The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-12-14","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit reference only; neither agreement nor influence. The citing text does not identify which version of the work was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-weak-strong-paper-alignment-problem-from-deep-learning-2022-1"]},{"id":"th-term-agi-goertzel-wang-2007","subject":"th-goertzel-wang-2007-advances-in-agi","predicate":"uses_term","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"th-term-agi"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"A 2007 IOS Press volume edited by B. Goertzel and P. Wang, as Legg and Hutter cite it, is titled 'Advances in Artificial General Intelligence: Concepts, Architectures and Algorithms'.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2007","note":"Date as a later account or citation gives it; no contemporaneous text read here dates it. Year as Legg and Hutter’s reference list gives it (claimed); the volume was not read."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Known only from a citing reference; the volume was not retrieved. Recorded as an indexed title: only the title, as Legg and Hutter’s reference list gives it, was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-th-term-agi-goertzel-wang-2007-1"],"attributes":{"naming":{"string":"Artificial General Intelligence","sense":"meets","role":"use","register":"nonfiction","reading":"indexed-title"}}},{"id":"th-evo-burgin-1973","subject":"th-burgin-1973","predicate":"uses_term","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"th-fam-evolutionary"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"A 1973 article in the Journal of Cybernetics by George H. Burgin is titled \"Systems Identification by Quasilinearization and by Evolutionary Programming\".","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1973-01","basis":"publication","note":"Issued date as indexed."},"derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: the index gives the title pairing \"evolutionary programming\" with quasilinearization as methods of systems identification, in a cybernetics journal. Inference: \"evolutionary programming\" names a computational method. The text was not read.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"It held the earliest-located role in the candidate pack; that role is withheld until the leads the concept records are read. Found by the recorded search, on the title alone. The family's often-cited earlier texts (1958–1967) were not retrieved, so this record is likely to be displaced; see the collection’s search note. Not evidence of coinage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-th-evo-burgin-1973-1"],"attributes":{"naming":{"string":"Evolutionary Programming","sense":"unverified","role":"use","register":"nonfiction","reading":"indexed-title"}}},{"id":"c3-governance-cac-genai-list-2025-01-published","subject":"cyberspace-administration-of-china","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"cn-cac-genai-service-list-2025-01"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The CAC published, as attachment 4 to its announcement page on filed generative AI services, the list titled 生成式人工智能服务已备案和已登记信息（2025年1月）.","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The title labels the list January 2025; the date it was posted is not established. The announcement page is dated 2 April 2024 and carries a later publishdate stamp of 14 September 2026; neither dates this attachment, and the PDF's metadata creation date is not taken as its publication date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on the attachment's title and position on the CAC page as read on 2026-10-29. A filing (备案) listed by the CAC records that a service completed the filing procedure; it is not an approval or assessment of a model's safety, performance or legal compliance.","evidenceIds":["c3-ev-governance-cac-genai-list-2025-01-published-1"]},{"id":"c3-iflytek-liu-qingfeng-founder","subject":"liu-qingfeng","predicate":"co_founded","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"iflytek"},"topic":"people","statement":"iFlytek’s 2025 annual report describes Liu Qingfeng, the company’s chairman, as the founder of iFlytek (科大讯飞创始人).","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"No founding date is attached to the credit; the predecessor company was established on 30 December 1999 according to the 2008 prospectus."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Founding credit as the company’s filing states it; the filing names no other founder in the cited passage, and the record does not exclude others. Shareholdings and voting arrangements stated elsewhere in the report are not recorded.","evidenceIds":["c3-ev-iflytek-liu-qingfeng-founder"]},{"id":"c3-governance-cac-genai-list-2024-04-entry-tencent","subject":"cn-cac-genai-service-list-2024-04","predicate":"lists_participants","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"腾讯混元助手大模型 — 深圳市腾讯计算机系统有限公司 — Guangdong-TencentHunyuan-20230901 — 2023-09-14"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The April 2024 CAC list of filed generative AI services includes, as filed service (row 12), 腾讯混元助手大模型, with 深圳市腾讯计算机系统有限公司 as filing entity (备案单位), filing number Guangdong-TencentHunyuan-20230901 and filing date 2023/09/14 as listed; this is the earliest list in this collection's retrieval in which an entry of Tencent was found.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-04","note":"Month of the listing as its title gives it. The entry's filing date (2023-09-14) is a separate date, listed in the row."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The listed filing entity is mapped to the dataset's record of the operating company Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company Limited, not to Tencent Holdings, the group parent. The mapping rests on translation: Tencent's English annual report names the company in English only, and describes it as controlled through contractual arrangements (recorded separately); the Chinese name is not printed there. The dataset's Tencent record also carries 深圳市腾讯计算机系统有限公司 as an alias from the AIIA signatory list; the listed company is not thereby identified with the parent, and no ownership is recorded here. Earliest is within the 13 attachments retrieved from the CAC page (and the provincial lists were not searched); a service may have been filed earlier under another name. Absence from any list is not recorded. A filing (备案) listed by the CAC records that a service completed the filing procedure; it is not an approval or assessment of a model's safety, performance or legal compliance.","evidenceIds":["c3-ev-governance-cac-genai-list-2024-04-entry-tencent-1"],"attributes":{"listing":{"count":1,"countBasis":"counted"},"listedEntity":"shenzhen-tencent-computer-systems"}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-rsp-1-0","documentId":"rsp-2023","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v1.0","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publisherId":"anthropic","publicationDate":"2023-09-19","version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v1.0; effective date 2023-09-19.","versionDate":"2023-09-19","canonicalUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/1adf000c8f675958c2ee23805d91aaade1cd4613/responsible-scaling-policy.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/1adf000c8f675958c2ee23805d91aaade1cd4613/responsible-scaling-policy.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230919161730/https://www-files.anthropic.com/production/files/responsible-scaling-policy-1.0.pdf","archivedAt":"2023-09-19","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v1.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). 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Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-rsp-2-2","documentId":"rsp-v2-2","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.2","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publisherId":"anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v2.2; effective date 2025-05-14.","versionDate":"2025-05-14","canonicalUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/872c653b2d0501d6ab44cf87f43e1dc4853e4d37.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/872c653b2d0501d6ab44cf87f43e1dc4853e4d37.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250514223759/https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/872c653b2d0501d6ab44cf87f43e1dc4853e4d37.pdf","archivedAt":"2025-05-14","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.2.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). 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Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-rsp-3-0","documentId":"rsp-v3-0","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.0","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publisherId":"anthropic","publicationDate":"2026-02-24","version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.0; effective date 2026-02-24.","versionDate":"2026-02-24","canonicalUrl":"https://anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/rsp-v3-0","evidenceUrl":"https://anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/rsp-v3-0","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260224203046/https://www.anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/rsp-v3-0","archivedAt":"2026-02-24","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). 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Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-xai-series-c-2024","title":"xAI raises $6B Series C","authors":["xAI"],"publisher":"xAI","publisherId":"xai","publicationDate":"2024-12-23","version":"Dated xAI announcement retained on a site now branded SpaceXAI; the historical issuer is recorded as xAI, without inferring legal continuity.","canonicalUrl":"https://x.ai/news/series-c","evidenceUrl":"https://x.ai/news/series-c","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260813141342/https://x.ai/news/series-c","archivedAt":"2026-08-13","accessedAt":"2026-09-19","reuse":{"attribution":"xAI, xAI raises $6B Series C (2024-12-23).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and editorial paraphrases only; no full source redistributed."}},{"id":"source-summarize-feedback-paper-v1","documentId":"summarize-feedback-paper","title":"Learning to summarize from human feedback","authors":["Nisan Stiennon","Long Ouyang","Jeff Wu","Daniel M. 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Revision date unknown; not an authenticated September 2023 snapshot. Re-inspected: Current expression reinspected 2026-09-28. Displayed article date retained; retrospective Christiano/AISI note references a later appointment. Revision date unknown; no authenticated 2023 snapshot inspected. (Merged on 2026-10-29 with the record of the re-inspection, source-eval-ontology-i-spinout, by consistency audit fix B4.)","canonicalUrl":"https://evals.alignment.org/blog/2023-09-19-spin-out-announcement/","evidenceUrl":"https://evals.alignment.org/blog/2023-09-19-spin-out-announcement/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260616171252/https://evals.alignment.org/blog/2023-09-19-spin-out-announcement/","archivedAt":"2026-06-16","accessedAt":"2026-09-28","reuse":{"attribution":"METR, ARC Evals is spinning out from ARC.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Attributed paraphrases and bibliographic metadata only; original documents linked, not redistributed."}},{"id":"source-eval-i-gpt4-card","documentId":"gpt4-system-card-2023","title":"GPT-4 System Card","authors":["OpenAI"],"publisher":"OpenAI","publisherId":"openai","publicationDate":null,"version":"60-page PDF expression retrieved 2026-09-27; printed pagination starts at 41. 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English title (machine translation): “Information on filed generative AI services (April 2024)”.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/cms/pub/interact/downloadfile.jsp?filepath=NUtqEIwGiCjGm2Bhl20cvHaciuAb2ebr7U8X1xV5925vz0vHSSJ6sATU6DtmcGo1wYjaLSPNhSkF5EQhi7RHdlAfqphfFn00jUfFRLdBE5I=&fText=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%B7%B2%E5%A4%87%E6%A1%88%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%EF%BC%882024%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%88%EF%BC%89","evidenceUrl":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/cms/pub/interact/downloadfile.jsp?filepath=NUtqEIwGiCjGm2Bhl20cvHaciuAb2ebr7U8X1xV5925vz0vHSSJ6sATU6DtmcGo1wYjaLSPNhSkF5EQhi7RHdlAfqphfFn00jUfFRLdBE5I=&fText=%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%B7%B2%E5%A4%87%E6%A1%88%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%EF%BC%882024%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%88%EF%BC%89","language":"zh-Hans","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"国家互联网信息办公室, “生成式人工智能服务已备案信息（2024年4月）”, 2024-04.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"c3-src-cac-genai-filings-page","title":"国家互联网信息办公室关于发布生成式人工智能服务已备案信息的公告","authors":["国家互联网信息办公室"],"publisher":"中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室 / 国家互联网信息办公室 (cac.gov.cn)","publicationDate":"2024-04-02","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 4716f7fe0e5e6cf892d96d4ba05a1c78f9b68b04f8248aff7bc04103b6972796) directly from the publisher. CAC page dated 2024年04月02日 17:00, read as it stood on 2026-10-29; its footer reads \"publishdate:2026/09/14 17:30:39\" and it then listed 13 attachments (附件1 to 附件13), so the attachment list has been extended since April 2024. The dataset also records the gov.cn repost of 3 April 2024 of this announcement as a separate expression. Its wording can change; earlier wording is not authenticated. The cross-family check (2026-10-31) located the Internet Archive capture of 2024-04-03 linked here; a capture shows only what the archive retrieved that day. Capture located by the cross-family check; it predates the attachments added after April 2024 and cannot date them. English title (machine translation): “Announcement of the Cyberspace Administration of China publishing information on filed generative AI services”.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-04/02/c_1713729983803145.htm","evidenceUrl":"https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-04/02/c_1713729983803145.htm","language":"zh-Hans","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240403075356/https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-04/02/c_1713729983803145.htm","archivedAt":"2024-04-03","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"国家互联网信息办公室, “国家互联网信息办公室关于发布生成式人工智能服务已备案信息的公告”, 2024-04-02.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). 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Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024-1","claimId":"lg-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-board-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening paragraph","passage":"The announcement names Sue Desmond-Hellmann among three new members of OpenAI’s Board of Directors.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “three new members to our Board of Directors” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024-2","claimId":"lg-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-review-completed-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph beginning “The OpenAI Board also announced today”","passage":"The Board announced the election of three new members, the first named being Desmond-Hellmann.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “the election of three new Board members” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-mai-superintelligence-team-unit-2025","claimId":"lg-gw-mai-superintelligence-team-unit-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-msai-humanist-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section “A humanist future”, paragraph beginning “Here’s a question”","passage":"we have formed the MAI Superintelligence Team, led by me as part of Microsoft AI","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (15 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-simo-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-simo-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-simo-x-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Post text, first sentence","passage":"Simo writes that she told the OpenAI team she had decided to leave her full-time role and transition to being a part-time advisor.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “leave my full-time role” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through X’s own syndication endpoint for the post’s text, which truncates long notes. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"x_syndication"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-simo-departure-2026-title","claimId":"lg-oai-simo-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-simo-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Altman’s message, paragraph beginning “To strengthen our execution” (7 May 2025)","passage":"Fidji Simo is joining as our CEO of Applications, reporting directly to me","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (13 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-new-mensch-mistral-cofounder","claimId":"lg-new-mensch-mistral-cofounder","sourceId":"lg-src-new-mistral-about","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section “Mistral’s founders”","passage":"The founders section lists Arthur Mensch as “Co-founder and CEO”.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Mensch Co-founder and CEO” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-ajeya-cotra-cotra-2021-why-ai-alignment-could-be-hard","claimId":"ap-ajeya-cotra-cotra-2021-why-ai-alignment-could-be-hard","sourceId":"source-cotra-2021-cold-takes","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Page head: author byline","passage":"Ajeya Cotra","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-avi-goldfarb-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2018-economic-policy-for-ai","claimId":"ap-avi-goldfarb-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2018-economic-policy-for-ai","sourceId":"source-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2018-economic-policy-for-ai","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF text layer, first two pages: author name on the title page or first page","passage":"Avi Goldfarb","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1998-09-15-yudkowsky-2411","claimId":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1998-09-15-yudkowsky-2411","sourceId":"source-extropians-1998-09-15-yudkowsky-2411","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2001-04-12-yudkowsky-0104-1076","claimId":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2001-04-12-yudkowsky-0104-1076","sourceId":"source-sl4-2001-04-12-yudkowsky-0104-1076","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-2023-d1-cbrn-1","claimId":"cmp-rsp-2023-d1-cbrn","sourceId":"source-rsp-1-0","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 20 (printed p. 20), Appendices, 'ASL-3 Evaluations for Misuse Risks', second paragraph, first sentence","passage":"The edition says Anthropic’s ongoing work defines three factors in turn for each domain of interest, and names CBRN and cyber risks as those domains.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The three factors are threat models, capabilities and evaluations. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v2-2-d1-persuasion-1","claimId":"cmp-rsp-v2-2-d1-persuasion","sourceId":"source-rsp-2-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 9 (printed p. 5), §2, footnote 2","passage":"In a footnote the edition acknowledges potential risks from highly persuasive AI models and says it believes the capability is not yet understood well enough to include in its current commitments.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The footnote adds that Anthropic is consulting experts. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v2-2-d7-internal-1","claimId":"cmp-rsp-v2-2-d7-internal","sourceId":"source-rsp-2-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 16 (printed p. 12), §7.1 Internal Governance, numbered item 3 ('Transparency'), first sentence","passage":"The edition says Anthropic will share summaries of its Capability Reports and Safeguards Reports with regular-clearance staff, with highly sensitive information redacted.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The same section says the Responsible Scaling Officer notifies the Board of noncompliance posing material risk and updates it regularly on noncompliance (§7.1 items 1 and 5); decisions and reports go to the Board and LTBT (§4.3). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-light-detail-1","claimId":"fl-eu-cop-draft1-light-detail","sourceId":"source-eu-code-draft1-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening statement, fourth paragraph (p. 1)","passage":"Although the first draft is light in detail","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the Commission’s own file, which this record cites (SHA-256 e7522e16b0dd05f368592ff19cd2e4af1f1208be88015bfa0059cdb5f6a32354). Read directly from the Commission's newsroom. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-light-detail-2","claimId":"fl-eu-cop-draft1-light-detail","sourceId":"source-eu-code-draft1-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening statement, third and fourth paragraphs (p. 1)","passage":"The authors present the draft as a foundation for refinement in which Measures may be added, removed or modified, say they continue to deliberate on specific Sub-Measures and KPIs, and add open questions to guide feedback.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the copy held by the Dutch Senate, whose extracted text is identical to the Commission’s file; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-eo14110-revoked-1","claimId":"fl-us-eo14110-revoked","sourceId":"source-us-eo-14148-fr","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Sec. 2, 90 FR 8237","passage":"The following executive actions are hereby revoked:","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (7 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.govinfo.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 39) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-eo14110-revoked-2","claimId":"fl-us-eo14110-revoked","sourceId":"source-us-eo-14148-fr","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Sec. 2(ggg), 90 FR 8240","passage":"(ggg) Executive Order 14110 of October 30, 2023 (Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence).","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (18 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.govinfo.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 39) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc5-lincei-2026-1","claimId":"cpo-orb-oc5-lincei-2026","sourceId":"source-cpo-orb-lincei-fcc-pdf","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"p. 2, list item 7","passage":"launching in LEO orbits of the order of a million tons per year, as considered by SpaceX, would deposit million tons per year of fuel (mostly kerosene and methane) in the stratosphere and mesosphere with significant environmental consequences","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (38 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 92) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc6-lumen-2024-1","claimId":"cpo-orb-oc6-lumen-2024","sourceId":"source-cpo-orb-lumen-wp-gh","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 8, \"Thermal Management\"","passage":"the data center will require radiators capable of radiatively dissipating gigawatts of thermal load","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (14 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 93) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc6-lumen-2024-2","claimId":"cpo-orb-oc6-lumen-2024","sourceId":"source-cpo-orb-lumen-wp-gh","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 8, \"Thermal Management\"","passage":"by far the largest radiators deployed in space","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 93) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc6-lumen-2024-3","claimId":"cpo-orb-oc6-lumen-2024","sourceId":"source-cpo-orb-lumen-wp-gh","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 3, “Reduced Operating Expenses”","passage":"these radiators need to be less than half the size of the solar arrays","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (14 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Locator corrected at admission from PDF p. 8 (cross-family check, item 93). A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 93) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-dc-crusoe-abilene-energized-2026-1","claimId":"cpo-dc-crusoe-abilene-energized-2026","sourceId":"source-cpo-dc-crusoe-microsoft-abilene-900mw","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 1","passage":"energized the first two buildings of the Abilene campus in under one year","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (13 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 4a83ee6e049384ae45fa2fa9d31d2f624790da4bee2d76666e560d05b43abea0; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 3) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed in part; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-dc-crusoe-abilene-energized-2026-2","claimId":"cpo-dc-crusoe-abilene-energized-2026","sourceId":"source-cpo-dc-crusoe-microsoft-abilene-900mw","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"section \"Delivering gigascale AI infrastructure\", paragraph 1","passage":"is expected to reach completion by the end of 2026","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (10 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 4a83ee6e049384ae45fa2fa9d31d2f624790da4bee2d76666e560d05b43abea0; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 3) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed in part; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-uae-campus-energy-mix-1","claimId":"cpo-pw-uae-campus-energy-mix","sourceId":"source-cpo-pw-uae-embassy-campus-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “Once completed, the facility will leverage…”","passage":"Once completed, the facility will leverage nuclear, solar, and gas power to minimise carbon emissions","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (15 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-uae-campus-energy-mix-2","claimId":"cpo-pw-uae-campus-energy-mix","sourceId":"source-cpo-pw-uae-embassy-campus-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “The UAE-US AI campus will include…”","passage":"The UAE-US AI campus will include 5GW of capacity for AI data centres in Abu Dhabi","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (16 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-talen-colocation-1","claimId":"cpo-pw-amazon-talen-colocation","sourceId":"source-cpo-pw-amazon-smr-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “We also previously signed an agreement…”","passage":"previously signed an agreement to co-locate a data center facility next to the Talen Energy’s nuclear facility in Pennsylvania","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (19 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 767a8243769f9ab921f678e2f036e597e62b8b0a59051a2c233ae108e0e5aab2; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14141-federal-sites-1","claimId":"cpo-pw-us-eo14141-federal-sites","sourceId":"source-cpo-pw-eo-14141-fr","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Sec. 4(a), 90 FR 5472","passage":"each identify a minimum of 3 sites on Federal land managed by their respective agencies that may be suitable for the agencies to lease to non-Federal entities for the construction and operation of a frontier AI data center","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (38 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 47) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14141-federal-sites-2","claimId":"cpo-pw-us-eo14141-federal-sites","sourceId":"source-cpo-pw-eo-14141-fr","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Sec. 4(a), 90 FR 5472","passage":"as well as for the construction and operation of clean energy facilities to serve the data center, by the end of 2027","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 47) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"pp-ev-ex-son-softbank-founded-1981-1","claimId":"pp-ex-son-softbank-founded-1981","sourceId":"source-pp-softbank-son-bio","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Biography, opening sentence and career table","passage":"Masayoshi Son founded Nihon SoftBank (currently SoftBank Group Corp.) in 1981 and has continued to serve as its chairman & CEO. Sep. 1981 Founded Nihon SoftBank (currently SoftBank Group Corp.), Chairman & CEO","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"The quotation (31 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 17) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-co-generate-information-science-2026-1","claimId":"aib-co-generate-information-science-2026","sourceId":"source-aib-companies-gen-424b4","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Prospectus summary, \"Overview\"","passage":"Biology is an information science. DNA encodes biological function through the way its sequence determines the structure and activity of the molecules it produces, which, in principle, makes biology programmable.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (30 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-co-recursion-roche-genentech-2021-1","claimId":"aib-co-recursion-roche-genentech-2021","sourceId":"source-aib-companies-rxrx-roche-pr","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"first paragraph","passage":"Under the terms of the agreement, Recursion will receive an upfront payment of $150 million and is eligible for additional performance-based research milestones. Under the collaboration, Roche and Genentech (combined) may initiate up to 40 programs","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (36 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item A17) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-co-recursion-roche-genentech-2021-2","claimId":"aib-co-recursion-roche-genentech-2021","sourceId":"source-aib-companies-rxrx-roche-pr","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"first paragraph","passage":"each of which, if successfully developed and commercialized, could yield more than $300M in development, commercialization and net sales milestones for Recursion","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item A17) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-kp-states-triviaqa-large-scale-distantly-supervised-2017-1-1","claimId":"kp-states-triviaqa-large-scale-distantly-supervised-2017-1","sourceId":"source-kp-triviaqa-large-scale-distantly-supervised-2017-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"arXiv v1, PDF p. 1, abstract","passage":"We present TriviaQA, a challenging reading comprehension dataset containing over 650K question-answer-evidence triples.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The quotation (13 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (research/key-papers/verification.json). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and line-break hyphens, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-gpt4-system-card-2023-language-models-unsupervised-multitask-learners-2019-1","claimId":"kp-cites-gpt4-system-card-2023-language-models-unsupervised-multitask-learners-2019","sourceId":"source-eval-i-gpt4-card","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 32, reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-self-critique-paper-instructgpt-paper-1","claimId":"kp-cites-self-critique-paper-instructgpt-paper","sourceId":"source-self-critique-paper-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 22, reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2203.02155.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-lg-src-new-yogatama-dm-2019-improving-language-understanding-by-generative-2018-1","claimId":"kp-cites-lg-src-new-yogatama-dm-2019-improving-language-understanding-by-generative-2018","sourceId":"lg-src-new-yogatama-dm-2019","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 13, reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-qwen-report-training-verifiers-solve-math-word-2021-1","claimId":"kp-cites-qwen-report-training-verifiers-solve-math-word-2021","sourceId":"source-cn-qwen","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2110.14168.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-zero-memory-optimizations-toward-training-2019-1","claimId":"kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-zero-memory-optimizations-toward-training-2019","sourceId":"c2-src-kimi-k2-pdf-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 23, reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-mmlu-pro-more-robust-challenging-2024-1","claimId":"kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-mmlu-pro-more-robust-challenging-2024","sourceId":"c2-src-kimi-k2-pdf-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 23, reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2406.01574.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-summarize-feedback-paper-reward-modeling-paper-1","claimId":"kp-cites-summarize-feedback-paper-reward-modeling-paper","sourceId":"source-summarize-feedback-paper-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 12, reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 1811.07871.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B089) found the citation in the citing text. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-weak-strong-paper-alignment-problem-from-deep-learning-2022-1","claimId":"kp-cites-weak-strong-paper-alignment-problem-from-deep-learning-2022","sourceId":"source-weak-strong-paper-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 24, reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2209.00626.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B094) found the citation in the citing text. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-th-term-agi-goertzel-wang-2007-1","claimId":"th-term-agi-goertzel-wang-2007","sourceId":"source-th-e-legg-hutter-2007-pdf","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"References, entry [LH07], PDF p. 47","passage":"In B. Goertzel and P. Wang, editors, Advances in Artificial General Intelligence: Concepts, Architectures and Algorithms, volume 157 of Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, pages 17–24, Amsterdam, NL, 2007. IOS Press.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (32 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (30 October 2026, item 53) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-th-evo-burgin-1973-1","claimId":"th-evo-burgin-1973","sourceId":"source-th-d-crossref-evo-evolutionary-programming","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"item DOI 10.1080/01969727308545849, title","passage":"Systems Identification by Quasilinearization and by Evolutionary Programming","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Bibliographic index record (publisher-deposited metadata), not the text itself. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 78) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-governance-cac-genai-list-2025-01-published-1","claimId":"c3-governance-cac-genai-list-2025-01-published","sourceId":"c3-src-cac-genai-filings-page","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Attachment list, 附件4","passage":"The page lists, as attachment 4, Information on filed and registered generative AI services (January 2025) (生成式人工智能服务已备案和已登记信息（2025年1月）).","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “Attachment 4: Information on filed and registered generative AI services (January 2025)”. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-iflytek-liu-qingfeng-founder","claimId":"c3-iflytek-liu-qingfeng-founder","sourceId":"c3-src-iflytek-ar2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 4, Directors and senior management, 2. Positions held, board members","passage":"刘庆峰先生，公司董事长，中国科学技术大学信号与信息处理专业博士，科大讯飞创始人","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (36 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “Mr. Liu Qingfeng, chairman of the company, PhD in signal and information processing from the University of Science and Technology of China, founder of iFlytek”. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-governance-cac-genai-list-2024-04-entry-tencent-1","claimId":"c3-governance-cac-genai-list-2024-04-entry-tencent","sourceId":"c3-src-cac-genai-list-2024-04","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Table row 12","passage":"12 广东省 腾讯混元助手大模型 深圳市腾讯计算机系统 有限公司 Guangdong-TencentHunyuan-20230901 2023/9/14","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (29 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “Row 12: Guangdong; Tencent Hunyuan assistant large model; Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Co., Ltd.; Guangdong-TencentHunyuan-20230901; 2023/9/14”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K049) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed in part; the admission record lists how each point was handled. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,3,5,19,21,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,60,93,94,101,102,103,106,108,113,183,187,205,207,243,249,252,253,256,294,332,346,352,369,378,393,397,430,463,502,518,546,551,585,599,632,669,670,736,743,804,867,883,959,964,1007,1038,1039,1073,1091,1098,1119,1120,1143,1146,1184,1300,1352,1397,1443,1445,1451,1452,1464,1465,1473,1478,1504,1592,1622,1652,1660,1670,1708,1726,1751],"claims":[133,256,501,604,626,718,760,1006,1120,1122,1126,1127,1128,1183,1184,1185,1411,1497,1606,1631,1677,1806,1880,2026,2212,2241,2363,2401,2482,2520,2525,2881,2985,3091,3092,3120,3182,3190,3194,3457,3580,3702,3802,3994,4001,4041,4173,4182,4238,4401,4419,4782,4830,5014,5103,5116],"sources":[35,38,39,67,93,101,102,110,114,165,191,193,204,205,210,239,240,254,256,295,337,360,364,397,430,498,504,548,587,634,681,725,736,738,761,762,792,846,875,920,926,932,963,1009,1028,1127,1145,1230,1324,1478,1539,1578,1614,1615],"evidence":[152,277,534,535,691,692,744,745,746,899,900,964,965,966,967,1233,1360,1362,1368,1369,1370,1435,1436,1437,1757,1866,2015,2056,2113,2114,2324,2428,2429,2619,2859,2888,3010,3048,3129,3168,3174,3698,3699,3865,3866,4061,4062,4063,4064,4119,4120,4275,4276,4308,4324,4325,4772,4948,5121,5122,5260,5452,5459,5499,5631,5640,5696,5859,5877,6260,6325,6616,6757,6781]},"version":"131evrz"}