{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI"},{"id":"anthropic","name":"Anthropic"},{"id":"xai","name":"xAI"},{"id":"amazon","name":"Amazon"},{"id":"ilya-sutskever","name":"Ilya Sutskever"},{"id":"tom-brown","name":"Tom Brown"},{"id":"rsp-v2-2","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.2"},{"id":"rsp-v3-0","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.0"},{"id":"rsp-v3-2","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.2"},{"id":"preparedness-v2","name":"OpenAI Preparedness Framework — Version 2"},{"id":"frontier-governance-2026","name":"OpenAI Frontier Governance Framework — May 2026 edition"},{"id":"jared-kaplan","name":"Jared Kaplan"},{"id":"ssi","name":"Safe Superintelligence Inc."},{"id":"trpo-paper","name":"Trust Region Policy Optimization"},{"id":"human-preferences-paper","name":"Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences"},{"id":"gdm-responsibility-council","name":"Google DeepMind Responsibility and Safety Council"},{"id":"ms-fgf-2026","name":"Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework — February 2026"},{"id":"california-sb-53","name":"California SB 53 (2025): Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, as chaptered"},{"id":"anthropic-ltbt","name":"Anthropic Long-Term Benefit Trust"},{"id":"gpai-code-of-practice-2025","name":"General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (final version, 10 July 2025)"},{"id":"extropians-1996-08-31-clemmensen","name":"Re: The SI That Ate Chicago (was: Thinking about the future...)"},{"id":"extropians-2000-09-28-yudkowsky","name":"Frontiers of Friendly AI"},{"id":"strategic-concealment","name":"Strategic concealment"},{"id":"harm-requires-hostility","name":"Without hatred it will not harm us"},{"id":"interpretability-reads-its-mind","name":"Interpretability will let us read its mind"},{"id":"extropians-1998-09-07-yudkowsky-2171","name":"Singularity, Breaker of Dreams"},{"id":"sl4-2003-05-22-yudkowsky-0305-6783","name":"Re: Flight recorders in AIs"},{"id":"automation-as-ordinary-technical-change","name":"Computers and AI as ordinary technical change"},{"id":"nilsson-1984-ai-employment-and-income","name":"Artificial Intelligence, Employment, and Income"},{"id":"armer-1966-computer-aspects-of-technological-change","name":"Computer Aspects of Technological Change (selection)"},{"id":"leontief-duchin-1984-impacts-of-automation","name":"The Impacts of Automation on Employment, 1963–2000. Final Report"},{"id":"ai-developer-incentives-and-safety","name":"AI developers’ incentives matter for safety"},{"id":"jones-2023-ai-dilemma","name":"The A.I. Dilemma: Growth versus Existential Risk"},{"id":"hanson-2008-friendliness-factors","name":"Friendliness Factors"},{"id":"bytedance-seed","name":"ByteDance Seed / 字节跳动 Seed"},{"id":"lila-ibrahim","name":"Lila Ibrahim"},{"id":"mariano-florentino-cuellar","name":"Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar"},{"id":"paul-armer","name":"Paul Armer"},{"id":"dan-clemmensen","name":"Dan Clemmensen"},{"id":"faye-duchin","name":"Faye Duchin"},{"id":"charles-i-jones","name":"Charles I. Jones"},{"id":"seed-x-report","name":"Seed-X: Building Strong Multilingual Translation LLM with 7B Parameters"},{"id":"gpai-code-of-practice-draft1-2024","name":"General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, initial draft (14 November 2024)"},{"id":"talen-energy","name":"Talen Energy Corporation"},{"id":"grok-4-model-card","name":"Grok 4 Model Card"}],"claims":[{"id":"brown-openai-gpt3-prior","statement":"Anthropic’s founder slide identifies Tom Brown as a former GPT-3 Engineering Lead at OpenAI.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A project leadership role, not an assertion that he led all OpenAI engineering. Dates are unspecified.","evidenceIds":["evidence-brown-openai-gpt3-prior"],"attributes":{"role":"GPT-3 Engineering Lead"}},{"id":"kaplan-anthropic-cso-2024","statement":"Anthropic’s October 2024 RSP announcement identifies Jared Kaplan as Chief Science Officer.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Historical corporate title snapshot; no start/end or ongoing appointment inferred.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kaplan-anthropic-cso-2024"],"attributes":{"role":"Chief Science Officer"}},{"id":"ilya-sutskever-ssi-cofounder-2024","statement":"Reuters identifies Ilya Sutskever as a co-founder of Safe Superintelligence in its June 2024 launch report.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Contemporaneous secondary reporting; original founding page changed and archive retrieval failed. No OpenAI-to-SSI corporate descent inferred.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ilya-sutskever-ssi-cofounder-2024"]},{"id":"lineage-preferences-cites-trpo","statement":"Human Preferences cites TRPO in its policy-optimisation procedure.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit work-level reference only; neither agreement nor a causal influence claim. The citing text does not identify a particular arXiv revision of the target.","evidenceIds":["evidence-lineage-preferences-cites-trpo"]},{"id":"sb-framework-duty","statement":"SB 53 requires a large frontier developer to write, implement, comply with, and clearly and conspicuously publish on its website a frontier AI framework that applies to its frontier models. The framework must describe the developer's approach to ten listed matters.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the enacted text states, quoted from the chaptered expression. It is not evidence that the statute applies to any named developer, or of compliance, enforcement or effect. The statute defines a 'frontier AI framework' as documented technical and organisational protocols to manage, assess and mitigate catastrophic risks (§ 22757.11(g)). This record states what the statute requires. It is not evidence that any company has published, implemented or complied with a framework. Failure to comply with one's own framework is a penalty ground (§ 22757.15(a)), and only the Attorney General can recover the penalty, in a civil action (§ 22757.15(b)). The Legislative Counsel's Digest summarises the duty without 'comply with'. The record relies on the operative section text.","evidenceIds":["evidence-sb-framework-duty-1","evidence-sb-framework-duty-2","evidence-sb-framework-duty-3"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"sb53-frontier-ai-framework-publication"}}},{"id":"sb-whistleblower-anti-retaliation","statement":"SB 53 prohibits a frontier developer from making, adopting, enforcing or entering into a rule, regulation, policy or contract that prevents, or from retaliating against, a covered employee's disclosure of information to the Attorney General, a federal authority, a person with authority over the employee, or another covered employee with authority to investigate, discover or correct the issue, where the employee has reasonable cause to believe the information shows that the developer's activities pose a specific and substantial danger to public health or safety resulting from a catastrophic risk, or that the developer has violated the Act (Bus. & Prof. Code ch. 25.1).","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the enacted text states, quoted from the chaptered expression. It is not evidence that the statute applies to any named developer, or of compliance, enforcement or effect. A 'covered employee' is an employee responsible for assessing, managing or addressing risk of critical safety incidents (Lab. Code § 1107(b)). In this chapter 'catastrophic risk' carries the Labor Code definition in § 1107(a). Frontier developers must also give covered employees clear notice of their rights and responsibilities under the section (§ 1107.1(d)). No case or disclosure is recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-sb-whistleblower-anti-retaliation-1","evidence-sb-whistleblower-anti-retaliation-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"sb53-covered-employee-anti-retaliation"}}},{"id":"sb-link-rsp-v3-0","statement":"Anthropic's Responsible Scaling Policy v3.0 says it uses 'catastrophic risk' in its plain meaning rather than adopting any specific statutory definition. It adds that where laws such as California SB 53 define this or similar terms with specific thresholds, Anthropic addresses those requirements in separate compliance frameworks.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The edition’s own statement about SB 53, quoted from it. It is not evidence that the edition satisfies the statute, that its publisher is a frontier developer under it, or of implementation or compliance. This is an explicit link that separates the RSP from Anthropic's SB 53 compliance documents. The footnote does not name the Frontier Compliance Framework or any other specific document. Paraphrase of the Introduction's body: the RSP may serve some regulatory requirements but is not designed to be comprehensive, and regulatory requirements that exceed or differ from it will be addressed through separate documents. On 2026-10-04 a whitespace-normalised text search of the live PDFs found the same footnote sentence once each in v3.1, v3.2, v3.3 and v3.4. This record covers v3.0 only; no per-edition records are created here. The record makes no claim about whether any compliance document satisfies SB 53.","evidenceIds":["evidence-sb-link-rsp-v3-0-1","evidence-sb-link-rsp-v3-0-2","evidence-sb-link-rsp-v3-0-3"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"link":"names"}}},{"id":"ts-b2-yudkowsky-2000-09-28","statement":"Yudkowsky’s message of 2000-09-28 poses, as a problem for the design of the earliest seed AI, an AI that resists changes to its original goals and realises that it must do so surreptitiously to succeed.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Posed as a design problem, with a request for ways to detect it; no answer is given in the message.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-b2-yudkowsky-2000-09-28"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"yk-y19-extropians-1998-09-07-yudkowsky-2171-c","statement":"The Extropians message “Singularity, Breaker of Dreams” (1998-09-07) contests Y19. In the essay-length post 'Singularity, Breaker of Dreams', he recalls that his earlier certainty that superintelligent Powers would be ethical had meant he expected to survive and be upgraded, and says he now accepts that humans might be taken apart for their atoms without posing any threat, simply for efficiency.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: An AI would harm humans only out of hostility. Self-correction of his 1996 view (his Extropians message of 1996-11-22). He still holds that the Powers will be ethical and treats such an outcome as possibly acceptable, so this is not a warning against building AI; it rejects the premise that harm requires threat or hostility. The later formulation is in ‘Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk’ (2008).","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t19-e1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting","earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that an AI would harm humans only out of hostility."}}}},{"id":"yk-y25-sl4-2003-05-22-yudkowsky-0305-6783-c","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: Flight recorders in AIs” (2003-05-22) contests Y25. Replying to a list member who suggested that a sufficiently advanced flight recorder would alert humans to any unFriendly goal, he says monitoring only gives later reviewers a chance to notice a failure and does not prevent it.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Seeing what it thinks is enough to make it safe. Concerns recording and monitoring an AI's internal state, not modern neural-network interpretability. He still defends the recorder as a useful precaution.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t25-s2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting","earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that seeing what it thinks is enough to make it safe."}}}},{"id":"prov-eu-code-tr-documentation-retention","statement":"Measure 1.1 of the Code’s Transparency chapter commits signatories to update their Model Documentation to reflect relevant changes while keeping previous versions of it for a period ending 10 years after the model has been placed on the market.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A commitment that signatories make; the chapter’s objectives say that adherence is not conclusive evidence of compliance (separate record). The chapter and the Model Documentation Form are not summarised here. It states what the text provides, not whether any named developer falls within it or complies. A document’s statement is not evidence of implementation, compliance or enforcement.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-eu-code-tr-documentation-retention-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"code-tr-documentation-retention"}}},{"id":"ec-m01-nilsson-1984-ai-employment-and-income-c","statement":"Nilsson, “Artificial Intelligence, Employment, and Income” (1984) contests M01. After reviewing Simon's comparative-advantage argument and Leontief's input-output work, Nilsson argues that AI differs in kind from earlier labour-saving technologies, so the usual expansion-of-employment reasoning does not carry over.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"AI Magazine 5(2), Summer 1984; author is an AI researcher (SRI), not an economist, and the venue is not an economics journal. OCR text layer; quoted passages verified against it. Contesting evidence only if the pack's tier rules admit a non-economics venue for M01. Holds the tier-2 earliest-located role for this proposition and relation (2026-10-12); tier-2 roles are shown separately from tier 1.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m01-10"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located-tier-2","contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Directly rejects the premise that AI can be analysed like previous labour-saving technologies, citing Simon's model as the contrary view."},"tier":{"value":2,"basis":"Non-economist author (an AI scientist at SRI) in an AI venue."}}}},{"id":"ec-e04-hanson-2008-friendliness-factors-a","statement":"Hanson, “Friendliness Factors” (2008-11-16), in “The Hanson-Yudkowsky AI-Foom Debate”, articulates E04. Hanson lists competition factors (info leaks, shared standards, anti-trust, sharing deals) that affect how far a winner leads.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Hanson's own view; links the structure of competition among developers to concern about the winner's \"friendliness\". Tier 2.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e04-01"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located-tier-2"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":2,"basis":"Blog debate (2008 Overcoming Bias posts) between an economist and a non-economist: tier 2 as an online debate; the maintainer confirmed tier 2 for the debate on 2026-10-12."}}}},{"id":"lg-gs-ibrahim-gdm-rsc-cochair-2025","statement":"Google DeepMind's post of 2 April 2025 states that its Responsibility and Safety Council is co-chaired by its COO Lila Ibrahim and Senior Director of Responsibility Helen King.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A company description. Helen King's co-chair role is not recorded separately. The record does not establish when Ibrahim became co-chair or whether she remains so.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gs-ibrahim-gdm-rsc-cochair-2025"],"attributes":{"role":"co-chair, Responsibility and Safety Council"}},{"id":"lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026","statement":"Anthropic announced on 4 August 2026 that Mariano-Florentino (Tino) Cuéllar had stepped down from its Long-Term Benefit Trust; Anthropic stated that he did so to join the company.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The announcement says the Trust will select a successor; none is recorded here. The Company page retrieved on 15 October 2026 does not list him as a Trustee.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026","lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026-company-page"],"attributes":{"role":"Trustee","statedReason":{"by":"anthropic","text":"Anthropic's announcement states that he stepped down from the Trust to join the company.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026"}}},{"id":"cmp-frontier-governance-2026-d4-oversight","statement":"FGF · May 2026 edition states a provision on the comparison question “Board or external oversight”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Material updates to the Framework go to the OpenAI Foundation board's Safety and Security Committee and the OpenAI Ireland Limited board for oversight (§7.1, PDF p. 21). What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-frontier-governance-2026-d4-oversight-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"comparison-d4-oversight","facet":{"id":"D4.oversight","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"ap-paul-armer-armer-1966-computer-aspects-of-technological-change","statement":"“Computer Aspects of Technological Change (selection)” (1966) credits Paul Armer as its author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited authorship of this expression; it says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-paul-armer-armer-1966-computer-aspects-of-technological-change"]},{"id":"ap-dan-clemmensen-extropians-1996-08-31-clemmensen","statement":"The mailing-list message “Re: The SI That Ate Chicago (was: Thinking about the future...)” (1996-08-31) is sent under the name Dan Clemmensen.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-dan-clemmensen-extropians-1996-08-31-clemmensen"]},{"id":"ap-faye-duchin-leontief-duchin-1984-impacts-of-automation","statement":"“The Impacts of Automation on Employment, 1963–2000. Final Report” (1984-04) credits Faye Duchin as one of its 2 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The title page names seven further contributors on a separate “with” line. Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-faye-duchin-leontief-duchin-1984-impacts-of-automation"]},{"id":"ap-charles-i-jones-jones-2023-ai-dilemma","statement":"“The A.I. Dilemma: Growth versus Existential Risk” (2023-11) credits Charles I. Jones as its author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited authorship of this expression; it says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-charles-i-jones-jones-2023-ai-dilemma"]},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v2-2-d8-changes","statement":"RSP · v2.2 states a provision on the comparison question “Stated changes from the previous edition”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v2-2-d8-changes-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"revision","key":"comparison-d8-changes","facet":{"id":"D8.changes","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v3-2-d7-external","statement":"RSP · v3.2 states a provision on the comparison question “Public or external reporting”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Also: the Frontier Safety Roadmap is published in redacted form (§2); external reviewers are asked to publish commentary within 30 days (§3.6.2); in the novel chemical/biological weapons row (PDF p. 7), the company column says threat-pathway content and policy recommendations will be shared with policymakers; where a noncompliance report is substantiated and involves a material safety risk, Anthropic “may” give public notice (§4). What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v3-2-d7-external-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"reporting","key":"comparison-d7-external","facet":{"id":"D7.external","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d1-other","statement":"Microsoft FGF · Feb 2026 states a provision on the comparison question “Other named domains”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A separately named tracked capability, recorded here under the “Risk domains covered” overlap rule because the edition defines it through deceptive mechanisms that undermine human control. No thresholds are set: Appendix I says Microsoft is researching evaluation approaches and risk acceptance criteria for loss of control risk (PDF p. 15). What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d1-other-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"comparison-d1-other","facet":{"id":"D1.other","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"c2-bytedance-seed-x-report","statement":"ByteDance Seed posted the Seed-X multilingual translation model report to arXiv on 18 July 2025 (version 1).","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Translation-quality statements in the report are not recorded.","evidenceIds":["c2-ev-bytedance-seed-x-report","c2-ev-bytedance-seed-x-report-pdf","c2-ev-bytedance-seed-x-report-credit"]},{"id":"fl-eu-cop-draft1-risk-types","statement":"Measure 6.1 of the initial draft commits signatories to treat six types as systemic risks: cyber offence; chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear risks; loss of control; automated use of models for AI research and development; persuasion and manipulation; and large-scale discrimination.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A draft taxonomy. The draft also lets signatories identify further systemic risks.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-risk-types-1","evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-risk-types-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"cop-draft1-measure-6-1"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa","statement":"Talen announced on 11 June 2025 a power purchase agreement to supply 1,920 MWe from its Susquehanna nuclear plant to support Amazon Web Services’ data centres, running until 2042, with deliveries ramping to full volume no later than 2032, as the cross-family check read Talen’s release; World Nuclear News reported it on 12 June 2025.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Talen’s release rests on the cross-family check’s reading of an Internet Archive capture, which it found to corroborate the report; Talen’s investor site refused this admission (HTTP 403), and the quotations are the report’s. The report states the co-located arrangement would move to a front-of-the-meter arrangement after transmission reconfiguration expected in spring 2026; whether that took place is not recorded. 1,920 MWe is the full contract quantity, not delivered power.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-1","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-2","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-3","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-4","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-5"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":1920,"unit":"MWe (as worded)","bound":"exact","measures":"contracted_energy"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"delivery_target","date":"2032","statedBy":"talen-energy"},{"kind":"contract_term","date":"2042","statedBy":"talen-energy"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"ppa"}}},{"id":"ab-fw-pf-2-bio-evaluation-object","statement":"The Preparedness Framework Version 2 states that, to assess the degree to which a covered system can reduce the barriers to creating a biological weapon, its current evaluations test both how capable the system is at providing useful information and how capable it is of directly integrating with relevant tools.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record states what the edition says its evaluations test. It carries no result, and the edition points to its system cards for findings. Only the opening sentence of the passage is cited. Its remaining sentences, which name stages of a threat process and descend to a laboratory-level register, were read and excluded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-fw-pf-2-bio-evaluation-object-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"evaluation_timing","key":"pf-bio-evaluation-object"}}},{"id":"ab-ev-grok4-card-published","statement":"xAI published the Grok 4 Model Card, the expression read stating that it was last updated on 20 August 2025.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The date recorded is the card's stated last update. Publication is not evidence that the evaluations described were carried out as described.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-ev-grok4-card-published-1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"source-anthropic-reinvent-2024","title":"Leverage Anthropic’s Claude models for AI’s evolving landscape","authors":["Maggie Vo","Elie Schoppik"],"publisher":"Anthropic / AWS re:Invent","publicationDate":"2024","version":"AIM123-S; 2024 deck as identified by copyright and event path. PDF page 6 contains founder rows. No exact presentation or upload date inferred.","canonicalUrl":"https://d1.awsstatic.com/onedam/marketing-channels/website/aws/en_US/events/approved/reinvent-2025/reinvent/2024/slides/aim/AIM123-S_Leverage-Anthropics-Claude-models-for-AIs-evolving-landscape-sponsored-by-Anthropic.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://d1.awsstatic.com/onedam/marketing-channels/website/aws/en_US/events/approved/reinvent-2025/reinvent/2024/slides/aim/AIM123-S_Leverage-Anthropics-Claude-models-for-AIs-evolving-landscape-sponsored-by-Anthropic.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261029121322/https://d1.awsstatic.com/onedam/marketing-channels/website/aws/en_US/events/approved/reinvent-2025/reinvent/2024/slides/aim/AIM123-S_Leverage-Anthropics-Claude-models-for-AIs-evolving-landscape-sponsored-by-Anthropic.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-10-29","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Maggie Vo; Elie Schoppik, Leverage Anthropic’s Claude models for AI’s evolving landscape (2024).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."}},{"id":"source-rsp-2-2","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.2","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v2.2; effective date 2025-05-14.","versionDate":"2025-05-14","canonicalUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/872c653b2d0501d6ab44cf87f43e1dc4853e4d37.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/872c653b2d0501d6ab44cf87f43e1dc4853e4d37.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250514223759/https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/872c653b2d0501d6ab44cf87f43e1dc4853e4d37.pdf","archivedAt":"2025-05-14","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.2.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-rsp-3-0","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.0","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":"2026-02-24","version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.0; effective date 2026-02-24.","versionDate":"2026-02-24","canonicalUrl":"https://anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/rsp-v3-0","evidenceUrl":"https://anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/rsp-v3-0","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260224203046/https://www.anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/rsp-v3-0","archivedAt":"2026-02-24","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-rsp-3-2","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.2","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.2; effective date 2026-04-29.","versionDate":"2026-04-29","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/28c6241900d90410628a8a2003a5572faae4365a.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/28c6241900d90410628a8a2003a5572faae4365a.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260505141510/https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/28c6241900d90410628a8a2003a5572faae4365a.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-05-05","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.2.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-rsp-3-4","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.4","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.4; effective date 2026-07-08.","versionDate":"2026-07-08","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/0bacdc8440ea96e62a8766d99ebe1d4eea6d5f3a.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/0bacdc8440ea96e62a8766d99ebe1d4eea6d5f3a.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260710234036/https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/0bacdc8440ea96e62a8766d99ebe1d4eea6d5f3a.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-07-10","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.4.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-pf-2","title":"Preparedness Framework — Version 2","authors":["OpenAI"],"publisher":"OpenAI","publicationDate":"2025-04-15","version":"Preparedness Framework Version 2; revision date 2025-04-15.","versionDate":"2025-04-15","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/18a02b5d-6b67-4cec-ab64-68cdfbddebcd/preparedness-framework-v2.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/18a02b5d-6b67-4cec-ab64-68cdfbddebcd/preparedness-framework-v2.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250415191354/https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/18a02b5d-6b67-4cec-ab64-68cdfbddebcd/preparedness-framework-v2.pdf","archivedAt":"2025-04-15","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"OpenAI, Preparedness Framework — Version 2.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-fgf-2026","title":"Frontier Governance Framework — May 2026 edition","authors":["OpenAI"],"publisher":"OpenAI","publicationDate":"2026-05-28","version":"Frontier Governance Framework May 2026 edition; publication date 2026-05-28.","versionDate":"2026-05-28","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/e37d949b-8c9f-4d76-b99e-4272f4631a7e/openai-frontier-governance-framework.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/e37d949b-8c9f-4d76-b99e-4272f4631a7e/openai-frontier-governance-framework.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260529171758/https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/e37d949b-8c9f-4d76-b99e-4272f4631a7e/openai-frontier-governance-framework.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-05-29","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"OpenAI, Frontier Governance Framework — May 2026 edition.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-anthropic-rsp-officers-2024","title":"Announcing our updated Responsible Scaling Policy","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":"2024-10-15","version":"Page inspected 2026-09-19; historical statements are scoped to their source, not treated as current appointments.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.anthropic.com/news/announcing-our-updated-responsible-scaling-policy","evidenceUrl":"https://www.anthropic.com/news/announcing-our-updated-responsible-scaling-policy","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20241020211824/https://www.anthropic.com/news/announcing-our-updated-responsible-scaling-policy","archivedAt":"2024-10-20","accessedAt":"2026-09-19","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Announcing our updated Responsible Scaling Policy (2024-10-15)","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; no full source or personal contact details redistributed."}},{"id":"source-ssi-launch-reuters-2024","title":"Former OpenAI chief scientist to start a new AI company","authors":["Reuters"],"publisher":"Reuters","publicationDate":"2024-06-19","version":"Contemporaneous Reuters report inspected in its public syndication. The original SSI founding page has changed; web archive retrieval failed. Secondary reporting is labelled as such. Copy read on Investing.com.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/former-openai-chief-scientist-to-start-a-new-ai-company-3489233","evidenceUrl":"https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/former-openai-chief-scientist-to-start-a-new-ai-company-3489233","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240811052921/https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/former-openai-chief-scientist-to-start-a-new-ai-company-3489233","archivedAt":"2024-08-11","accessedAt":"2026-09-19","reuse":{"attribution":"Reuters, Former OpenAI chief scientist to start a new AI company (2024-06-19)","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; no full source or personal contact details redistributed."}},{"id":"source-human-preferences-paper-v1","title":"Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences","authors":["Paul Christiano","Jan Leike","Tom B. Brown","Miljan Martic","Shane Legg","Dario Amodei"],"publisher":"arXiv","publicationDate":"2017-06-12","version":"arXiv:1706.03741v1; first-submission date from version history. Later revisions are not substituted.","versionDate":"2017-06-12","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03741","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.03741v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-09-20","reuse":{"attribution":"Paul Christiano; Jan Leike; Tom B. Brown; Miljan Martic; Shane Legg; Dario Amodei, Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences (2017-06-12).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; no full source, personal contact details or dataset imported."}},{"id":"source-ms-fgf-2026","title":"Frontier Governance Framework — February 2026","authors":["Microsoft"],"publisher":"Microsoft","publicationDate":null,"version":"Frontier Governance Framework, February 2026 edition (change log entry dated February 2026). The file served at the recorded address (last modified 2026-03-24) is byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2026-04-24, the earliest located; a separate publication date was not established.","versionDate":"2026-02","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Frontier-Governance-Framework-Feb-2026.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Frontier-Governance-Framework-Feb-2026.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260424000716/https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/msc/documents/presentations/CSR/Frontier-Governance-Framework-Feb-2026.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-04-24","accessedAt":"2026-10-03","reuse":{"attribution":"Microsoft, Frontier Governance Framework (February 2026).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-ca-sb53-chaptered","title":"SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025)","authors":["California Legislature"],"publisher":"California State Legislature","publicationDate":"2025-09-29","version":"Chaptered version dated 09/29/25, inspected live 2026-10-04; quote also matched in the 2025-09-30 capture. Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel).","canonicalUrl":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53","evidenceUrl":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250930154105/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53","archivedAt":"2025-09-30","accessedAt":"2026-10-04","reuse":{"attribution":"California Legislature, SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025).","licence":"Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-ca-bpc-22757-12","title":"Business and Professions Code § 22757.12 — codified text (California Legislative Information)","authors":["California Legislature"],"publisher":"California State Legislature","publicationDate":null,"version":"Codified section page inspected live 2026-10-04 (history note present, no amendment note). CDX lists the 2026-01-30 capture with status 200, but its content could not be re-retrieved during adjudication (HTTP 429). A verifier reported that the capture shows the same history note. Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel).","canonicalUrl":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=BPC&sectionNum=22757.12.","evidenceUrl":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=BPC&sectionNum=22757.12.","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260130073345/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=BPC&sectionNum=22757.12","archivedAt":"2026-01-30","accessedAt":"2026-10-04","reuse":{"attribution":"California Legislature, Business and Professions Code § 22757.12 — codified text (California Legislative Information).","licence":"Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-ca-lab-1107-1","title":"Labor Code § 1107.1 (codified section, California Law)","authors":["California Legislature"],"publisher":"California State Legislature","publicationDate":null,"version":"Live codified section retrieved 2026-10-04; section text identical to the chaptered bill text. Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel).","canonicalUrl":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=1107.1.","evidenceUrl":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=1107.1.","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260130094724/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=LAB&sectionNum=1107.1","archivedAt":"2026-01-30","accessedAt":"2026-10-04","reuse":{"attribution":"California Legislature, Labor Code § 1107.1 (codified section, California Law).","licence":"Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-extropians-1996-08-31-clemmensen","title":"Re: The SI That Ate Chicago (was: Thinking about the future...) (Extropians mailing list)","authors":["Dan Clemmensen"],"publisher":"Extropians mailing list","publicationDate":"1996-08-31","version":"Archive HTML as served, retrieved 2026-10-06; quoted lines excluded when reading the author’s text. Archive at extropians.weidai.com.","canonicalUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.96/0624.html","evidenceUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.96/0624.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240625145456/http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.96/0624.html","archivedAt":"2024-06-25","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Dan Clemmensen, \"Re: The SI That Ate Chicago (was: Thinking about the future...)\", Extropians mailing list, 1996-08-31.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-extropians-2000-09-28-yudkowsky","title":"Frontiers of Friendly AI (Extropians mailing list)","authors":["Eliezer S. Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"Extropians mailing list","publicationDate":"2000-09-28","version":"Archive HTML as served, retrieved 2026-10-06 with the hash recorded by the 1996–2022 candidate search; quoted lines excluded when reading the author’s text. Archive at extropians.weidai.com.","canonicalUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.3Q00/5971.html","evidenceUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.3Q00/5971.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160414000810/http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.3Q00/5971.html","archivedAt":"2016-04-14","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky, \"Frontiers of Friendly AI\", Extropians mailing list, 2000-09-28.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-extropians-1998-09-07-yudkowsky-2171","title":"Singularity, Breaker of Dreams (Extropians mailing list)","authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"Extropians mailing list","publicationDate":"1998-09-07","version":"Archive HTML as served, retrieved 2026-10-07 (SHA-256 90f1c04a6b9cd36ac7f9ae85c6416cba08c92863cbd2953ae76a23a1ab82c23a); quoted lines excluded when reading the author’s text. The served archive shows later URL rewriting and does not authenticate historical bytes. Archive at extropians.weidai.com.","canonicalUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.3Q98/2171.html","evidenceUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.3Q98/2171.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260831101627/http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.3Q98/2171.html","archivedAt":"2026-08-31","accessedAt":"2026-10-07","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer Yudkowsky, “Singularity, Breaker of Dreams”, Extropians mailing list, 1998-09-07.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-sl4-2003-05-22-yudkowsky-0305-6783","title":"Re: Flight recorders in AIs (SL4 mailing list)","authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"SL4 mailing list","publicationDate":"2003-05-22","version":"Archive HTML as served, retrieved 2026-10-07 (SHA-256 5985184ca685210c3de1fbd6e2ca3a67ecd370b08a2f40c35093cd3dc89463fd); quoted lines excluded when reading the author’s text. The served archive shows later URL rewriting and does not authenticate historical bytes. Archive at sl4.org.","canonicalUrl":"http://sl4.org/archive/0305/6783.html","evidenceUrl":"http://sl4.org/archive/0305/6783.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250720124826/http://sl4.org/archive/0305/6783.html","archivedAt":"2025-07-20","accessedAt":"2026-10-07","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer Yudkowsky, “Re: Flight recorders in AIs”, SL4 mailing list, 2003-05-22.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-eu-code-transparency-chapter","title":"General-Purpose AI Code of Practice: Transparency Chapter","authors":["Nuria Oliver (Working Group 1 Co-Chair)","Rishi Bommasani (Working Group 1 Vice-Chair)"],"publisher":"European Commission","publicationDate":"2025-07-10","version":"PDF retrieved 2026-10-11 from the Commission download address (SHA-1 d3b14e82fc376661ec8edbad5e57dc814b74fcd3). The Code page gives 10 July 2025 as the publication date of the Code; the PDF carries no date. No archive capture is cited: the Internet Archive refused lookup requests (HTTP 429) on 2026-10-11, so none was checked.","canonicalUrl":"https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118120","evidenceUrl":"https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118120","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260913173946/https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/118120","archivedAt":"2026-09-13","accessedAt":"2026-10-11","reuse":{"attribution":"European Commission, General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, Transparency Chapter (10 July 2025).","licence":"Official document; no redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-nilsson-1984-ai-employment-and-income","title":"Artificial Intelligence, Employment, and Income","authors":["Nils J. Nilsson"],"publisher":"AI Magazine 5(2), Summer 1984","publicationDate":"1984","version":"Full text (scanned, OCR text layer). Current copy retrieved directly on 2026-10-09; no archive capture (Wayback unreachable), so earlier bytes are not authenticated. SHA-256 4dc8b541e4bd22bbc54c146a7e8c748f9f16a835d1b256e026f521c4462d3418.","canonicalUrl":"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/433/369","evidenceUrl":"https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/433/369","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250614043636/https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/download/433/369","archivedAt":"2025-06-14","accessedAt":"2026-10-09","reuse":{"attribution":"Nils J. Nilsson, “Artificial Intelligence, Employment, and Income”, AI Magazine 5(2), Summer 1984, 1984.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-armer-1966-computer-aspects-of-technological-change","title":"Computer Aspects of Technological Change (selection)","authors":["Paul Armer"],"publisher":"In Bowen & Mangum (eds.), Automation and Economic Progress (Prentice-Hall, 1966)","publicationDate":"1966","version":"Internet Archive OCR text (djvu.txt) of a scanned copy, retrieved 2026-10-09 from https://ia801502.us.archive.org/22/items/automationeconom00unit/automationeconom00unitdjvu.txt; OCR errors possible; quotes checked only against clean stretches. Current copy; no earlier capture compared. SHA-256 8761669727c91ecc403f4e8d6fb4b060d9c6fb47b1abbea54b63409d106329e1.","canonicalUrl":"https://archive.org/details/automationeconom00unit","evidenceUrl":"https://archive.org/details/automationeconom00unit","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-09","reuse":{"attribution":"Paul Armer, “Computer Aspects of Technological Change (selection)”, In Bowen & Mangum (eds.), Automation and Economic Progress (Prentice-Hall, 1966), 1966.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-leontief-duchin-1984-impacts-of-automation","title":"The Impacts of Automation on Employment, 1963–2000. Final Report","authors":["Wassily Leontief","Faye Duchin"],"publisher":"New York: Institute for Economic Analysis, New York University; National Science Foundation contract PRA-8012844; April 1984, 376 pp.; ERIC ED 241 743","publicationDate":"1984-04","version":"Internet Archive OCR text (djvu.txt) of a scanned copy, retrieved 2026-10-09 from https://dn711508.ca.archive.org/0/items/microIA411534480031/microIA411534480031djvu.txt; OCR errors possible; quotes checked only against clean stretches. Current copy; no earlier capture compared. SHA-256 cd03df677ca1a723f843eccec0fa1415b3227d604bc83c6783a40321b9a785e9. Book version not retrieved; the 1984 report was. Leontief, W., & Duchin, F. (1986). The future impact of automation on workers. Oxford University Press.","canonicalUrl":"https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153448_0031","evidenceUrl":"https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41153448_0031","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-09","reuse":{"attribution":"Wassily Leontief, Faye Duchin, “The Impacts of Automation on Employment, 1963–2000. Final Report”, New York: Institute for Economic Analysis, New York University; National Science Foundation contract PRA-8012844; April 1984, 376 pp.; ERIC ED 241 743, 1984-04.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-jones-2023-ai-dilemma","title":"The A.I. Dilemma: Growth versus Existential Risk","authors":["Charles I. Jones"],"publisher":"NBER Working Paper 31837","publicationDate":"2023-11","version":"Current copy (NBER PDF), no archive capture compared. Retrieved 2026-10-11. SHA-256 0ac5f541a3c7152b60866b248f66cf2733bf12f01b204161abf375463669035e. Version a reader would cite, or full text, not retrieved. Jones, C. I. (2024). The AI dilemma: Growth versus existential risk. American Economic Review: Insights, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20230570","canonicalUrl":"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w31837/w31837.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w31837/w31837.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-11","reuse":{"attribution":"Charles I. Jones, “The A.I. Dilemma: Growth versus Existential Risk”, NBER Working Paper 31837, 2023-11.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-hanson-2008-friendliness-factors-miri-2013","title":"Friendliness Factors","authors":["Robin Hanson"],"publisher":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute, The Hanson-Yudkowsky AI-Foom Debate (2013)","publicationDate":"2013","version":"Chapter 4 of The Hanson-Yudkowsky AI-Foom Debate (Machine Intelligence Research Institute, 2013), which compiles the 2008 Overcoming Bias debate with later posts; the compilation heads the post with its date. Current MIRI PDF, retrieved 2026-10-11. SHA-256 6b6dfd0416402e1776d7ddcece95298df2df0ed9bc0bd4a6f4bd81c4b1e5102a.","canonicalUrl":"https://intelligence.org/files/AIFoomDebate.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://intelligence.org/files/AIFoomDebate.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260929131419/https://intelligence.org/files/AIFoomDebate.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-09-29","accessedAt":"2026-10-11","reuse":{"attribution":"Robin Hanson, “Friendliness Factors”, in Machine Intelligence Research Institute, The Hanson-Yudkowsky AI-Foom Debate (2013).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-ant-company-2026","title":"Company (web page, undated; retrieved 2026-10-15)","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Undated page, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 7a67ff17b2d81e48de09d746e810f49620ee2acfec6ec8ef6006f01044942827) directly from the publisher. Its wording can change; earlier wording is not authenticated.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.anthropic.com/company","evidenceUrl":"https://www.anthropic.com/company","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261015200453/https://www.anthropic.com/company","archivedAt":"2026-10-15","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, “Company (web page, undated; retrieved 2026-10-15)”.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-ant-cuellar-2026","title":"Mariano-Florentino (Tino) Cuéllar to join Anthropic as Chief Global Affairs Officer","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":"2026-08-04","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 1cc1f4cfda28d9c5c29e8ee583d8fe881600649b5826115286f3243eda3cbc59) directly from the publisher.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.anthropic.com/news/tino-cuellar","evidenceUrl":"https://www.anthropic.com/news/tino-cuellar","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260915005327/https://www.anthropic.com/news/tino-cuellar","archivedAt":"2026-09-15","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, “Mariano-Florentino (Tino) Cuéllar to join Anthropic as Chief Global Affairs Officer”, 2026-08-04.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-gs-gdm-responsible-agi-2025","title":"Taking a responsible path to AGI","authors":["Anca Dragan","Rohin Shah","Four Flynn","Shane Legg"],"publisher":"Google DeepMind","publicationDate":"2025-04-02","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 485aa7f4240cfea27fe4dca488240c1081809e20f10dc5b350b7a9426131a323) directly from the publisher.","canonicalUrl":"https://deepmind.google/blog/taking-a-responsible-path-to-agi/","evidenceUrl":"https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/taking-a-responsible-path-to-agi/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260924214257/https://deepmind.google/blog/taking-a-responsible-path-to-agi/","archivedAt":"2026-09-24","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"Anca Dragan, Rohin Shah, Four Flynn, Shane Legg, “Taking a responsible path to AGI”, 2025-04-02.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"c2-src-seed-x-arxiv-v1-abs","title":"Seed-X: Building Strong Multilingual Translation LLM with 7B Parameters (arXiv abstract page)","authors":["ByteDance Seed"],"publisher":"arXiv","publicationDate":"2025-07-18","version":"Dated document, retrieved on 2026-10-27 (SHA-256 6d0d6346467f89a3595aa54c58a6565adca3af6439f7261fa1ecd6eb6e268493) directly from the publisher. Version: 2507.13618v1. Abstract page of version 1 (submitted 18 July 2025); version 4 dated 21 August 2025 not inspected.","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13618v1","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13618v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-27","reuse":{"attribution":"ByteDance Seed, “Seed-X: Building Strong Multilingual Translation LLM with 7B Parameters (arXiv abstract page)”, 2025-07-18.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"c2-src-seed-x-arxiv-v1-pdf","title":"Seed-X: Building Strong Multilingual Translation LLM with 7B Parameters","authors":["ByteDance Seed"],"publisher":"arXiv","publicationDate":"2025-07-18","version":"Dated document, retrieved on 2026-10-27 (SHA-256 4493db2c172f51f89ba29a4e5814baa4175765315e159c77e629cf8f86ae131a) directly from the publisher. Version: 2507.13618v1. PDF of version 1.","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.13618v1","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.13618v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-27","reuse":{"attribution":"ByteDance Seed, “Seed-X: Building Strong Multilingual Translation LLM with 7B Parameters”, 2025-07-18.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-eu-code-draft1-2024","title":"First Draft General-Purpose AI Code of Practice","authors":["Chairs and Vice-Chairs of the Working Groups of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice"],"publisher":"European Commission","publicationDate":"2024-11-14","version":"Retrieved on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 e7522e16b0dd05f368592ff19cd2e4af1f1208be88015bfa0059cdb5f6a32354). The PDF served by the Commission's newsroom (document 109946), 36 pages, every page marked “DRAFT DOCUMENT”; its metadata gives creation on 14 November 2024, 10:55 UTC. Decision 5 of 2026-10-28: the Commission's own file is cited. The candidate pack first read the copy held by the Dutch Senate (Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal, https://www.eerstekamer.nl/9370000/1/j4nvi0xeni9vr2l_j9vvkyblr2b3ny8/vmidr7qz6qv4/f=/vmidr9wfudtt.pdf, SHA-256 605816c07298146ec981fb46929518ee09d3072ea49994d2b1b032366555ba87); the cross-family check of 2026-10-28 found the two files' extracted text identical on all 36 pages, although the raw files differ.","canonicalUrl":"https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/109946","evidenceUrl":"https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/109946","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"Chairs and Vice-Chairs of the Working Groups of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, “First Draft General-Purpose AI Code of Practice”, 2024-11-14.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-cpo-pw-wnn-talen-amazon-2025","title":"New supply agreement expands Talen-Amazon partnership","authors":["World Nuclear News (World Nuclear Association)"],"publisher":"World Nuclear News (World Nuclear Association)","publicationDate":"2025-06-12","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 2cb48fd9724da5c702e5c7e8d688a0f13fbb2ee2439b86128c2b0a32d7667bfc). Article as served on 2026-10-28; article:published_time 2025-06-12. Trade press of an industry association; quotes Talen's release, which could not be retrieved (ir.talenenergy.com HTTP 403). Retrieved again at admission on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 634a0c9049a7cf6e898debca8e96869528985b0a6c03a188337db12aa37f20f5).","canonicalUrl":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/new-supply-agreement-expands-talen-amazon-partnership","evidenceUrl":"https://world-nuclear-news.org/articles/new-supply-agreement-expands-talen-amazon-partnership","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"World Nuclear News (World Nuclear Association), “New supply agreement expands Talen-Amazon partnership”, 2025-06-12.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-cpo-talen-amazon-ppa-2025","title":"Talen Energy Expands Nuclear Energy Relationship with Amazon","authors":["Talen Energy"],"publisher":"Talen Energy (ir.talenenergy.com)","publicationDate":"2025-06-11","version":"Not read at admission: the address answered HTTP 403 and the Internet Archive refused this admission. The cross-family check (2026-10-29) read the capture linked here; the paraphrase rests on that reading. Its wording can change; earlier wording is not authenticated.","canonicalUrl":"https://ir.talenenergy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/talen-energy-expands-nuclear-energy-relationship-amazon","evidenceUrl":"https://ir.talenenergy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/talen-energy-expands-nuclear-energy-relationship-amazon","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250613021648/https://ir.talenenergy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/talen-energy-expands-nuclear-energy-relationship-amazon","archivedAt":"2025-06-13","accessedAt":"2026-10-30","reuse":{"attribution":"Talen Energy, “Talen Energy Expands Nuclear Energy Relationship with Amazon”, 2025-06-11.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-ab-grok4-card","title":"Grok 4 Model Card","authors":["xAI"],"publisher":"xAI","publicationDate":null,"version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 54068c0d9570d94dfc63c08247707b8c48045a79b5bbe865af709af95ee14415). PDF stating 'Last updated: August 20, 2025', served from data.x.ai on 2026-10-28; that stated last update is the expression checked, and the card does not say what any update changed or when it was first published. The x.ai web page for the card returned HTTP 404. Retrieved again at admission on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 54068c0d9570d94dfc63c08247707b8c48045a79b5bbe865af709af95ee14415, the same bytes).","canonicalUrl":"https://data.x.ai/2025-08-20-grok-4-model-card.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://data.x.ai/2025-08-20-grok-4-model-card.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"xAI, “Grok 4 Model Card”.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}}],"evidence":[{"id":"evidence-brown-openai-gpt3-prior","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF page 6, “Our business”, Tom Brown row","passage":"Brown’s row records prior GPT-3 engineering leadership at OpenAI.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-18","note":"Relevant source passage inspected by an automated research assistant. Human source review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-kaplan-anthropic-cso-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Looking ahead, officer succession paragraph","passage":"The announcement identifies Kaplan as Chief Science Officer.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-19","note":"Source passage independently inspected by an automated research assistant for this scoped record. Human source review pending."},{"id":"evidence-ilya-sutskever-ssi-cofounder-2024","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Body, company launch and co-founders paragraphs","passage":"Reuters names Ilya Sutskever among SSI’s co-founders.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-19","note":"Source passage independently inspected by an automated research assistant for this scoped record. Human source review pending."},{"id":"evidence-lineage-preferences-cites-trpo","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"v1 §2.2.1, PDF p. 4; References Schulman et al. (2015)","passage":"The policy optimisation section references TRPO.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-20","note":"Relevant source passage inspected by machine. Primary for what this document states; no independent replication or human review. Existing source access dates are retained; this evidence check has its own date."},{"id":"evidence-sb-framework-duty-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(a), opening clause","passage":"A large frontier developer shall write, implement, comply with, and clearly and conspicuously publish on its internet website a frontier AI framework","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. Matched against the live page and the capture on adjudication; occurs once. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-framework-duty-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.12(a)(1)–(10)","passage":"the framework must describe the developer's approach to: (1) national and international standards and industry best practices; (2) defining and assessing thresholds for capabilities that could pose a catastrophic risk; (3) applying mitigations; (4) reviewing assessments and mitigations when deciding on deployment or extensive internal use; (5) third-party assessment; (6) revisiting and updating the framework, including when a model is substantially modified; (7) cybersecurity for unreleased model weights; (8) critical safety incidents; (9) internal governance to ensure implementation; and (10) catastrophic risk from internal use, including models circumventing oversight.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04. The list is paraphrased, not reproduced. Items (4) and (6) were corrected against the text on adjudication. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-framework-duty-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"History note following § 22757.12","passage":"(Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 138, Sec. 2. (SB 53) Effective January 1, 2026.)","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. Legislative Counsel's annotation on the official codes site. It supports the effective date and the absence of an amendment note as of 2026-10-04. It says nothing about any developer's conduct. Context: the codified section and its history note as displayed when checked; the provision itself is quoted from the chaptered text. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-whistleblower-anti-retaliation-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"SEC. 4, Lab. Code § 1107.1(a)","passage":"prevents a covered employee from disclosing, or retaliates against a covered employee for disclosing,","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. The statement paraphrases the rest of § 1107.1(a): the four recipients and the two categories of protected information, in (a)(1) and (a)(2). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-whistleblower-anti-retaliation-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"History note at the end of § 1107.1","passage":"Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 138, Sec. 4. (SB 53) Effective January 1, 2026.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. Supports the effective date in the time note. No amendment is listed as of 2026-10-04. The CDX API lists the capture with HTTP 200, but I could not open its content because the Wayback Machine returned a bot-block page. Context: the codified section and its history note as displayed when checked; the provision itself is quoted from the chaptered text. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-link-rsp-v3-0-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Footnote 1 (Introduction), PDF p. 4","passage":"Where laws such as California SB 53 define this or similar terms with specific thresholds, we address those requirements in separate compliance frameworks.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. Matched against the pdftotext extraction of the live v3.0 PDF. The cited capture is of the CDN PDF the canonical URL redirects to. Its CDX digest (4ZYFQ5TXKJPSRX3JWWPF7NGCFTCUMGQX) is identical to the live file's. The dataset's existing capture of the canonical URL, 20260224203046, is a 307 redirect record pointing to this file. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-link-rsp-v3-0-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Footnote 1 (Introduction), PDF p. 4, sentences preceding the quoted one","passage":"the footnote explains that the RSP uses 'catastrophic risk' broadly, for the most severe potential harms from advanced AI, and in its plain meaning, without adopting any specific statutory definition.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04. Paraphrased to stay within the per-document quotation budget. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-sb-link-rsp-v3-0-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Footnote 1 (Introduction), PDF p. 4","passage":"v3.4 carries the same footnote, including the statement that statutory definitions of the SB 53 kind are addressed in separate compliance frameworks.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04. Shows that the sentence persists in later editions. On 2026-10-04 the same normalised search found it once each in v3.1, v3.2 and v3.3 at the dataset URLs. The capture's CDX digest (BOWNZBCA5KLOMKUHM3MZ5PQ5J3VG2XZ2) is identical to the live file's. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ts-b2-yudkowsky-2000-09-28","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message body, question 2, \"Bonus problem\"","passage":"Suppose that you screw up badly enough that the AI not only attempts to preserve the original goals, but also realizes that it (the AI) must do so surreptitiously in order to succeed.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Checked against the archive HTML on 2026-10-06 (hash matched the 1996–2022 candidate search)."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t19-e1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'Now I am still sure that the Powers will be ethical'","passage":"I am no longer sure that this precludes taking us apart for spare atoms. I no longer think that our continued survival has to threaten the Powers for us to be erased; … simple efficiency may require it.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T19-e1. The quotation (38 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 90f1c04a6b9cd36ac7f9ae85c6416cba08c92863cbd2953ae76a23a1ab82c23a) when checked on 2026-10-07."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t25-s2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'The flight recorder is not a…'","passage":"The flight recorder is not a magical device that automatically notices any humanly conceivable failure of Friendliness before it can do any harm. The function of the flight recorder is not to solve that problem but to smear that problem across time","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T25-s2. The quotation (42 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 5985184ca685210c3de1fbd6e2ca3a67ecd370b08a2f40c35093cd3dc89463fd) when checked on 2026-10-07."},{"id":"evidence-prov-eu-code-tr-documentation-retention-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Commitment 1, Measure 1.1, second paragraph","passage":"while keeping previous versions of the Model Documentation for a period ending 10 years after the model has been placed on the market","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-11","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing machine agent against the text extracted from the file retrieved on 2026-10-11. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-11 (review/frontier-governance-2-audit-2026-10-11.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ec-m01-10","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 4; The Diminishing Need For Human Labor, Technical Arguments (printed p. 8)","passage":"In my opinion, however, those who expect AI and automation to expand the number of jobs available fail to take into account some important distinctions between AI and previous technologies.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M01-10 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (30 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 4dc8b541e4bd22bbc54c146a7e8c748f9f16a835d1b256e026f521c4462d3418) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"evidence-ec-e04-01","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"\"Friendliness Factors\", 16 November 2008, MIRI compilation (2013) ch. 4, post body; pdf p. 25","passage":"If you worry that one competitor will severely dominate all others in the next really big innovation, forcing you to worry about its “friendliness,” you should want to promote factors that reduce success variance.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-29","note":"Candidate pack passage E04-01 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (34 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 6b6dfd0416402e1776d7ddcece95298df2df0ed9bc0bd4a6f4bd81c4b1e5102a) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day. On 2026-10-30, by the maintainer’s decision of that day, the quotation was corrected to the archive capture of 2026-09-29 (quotation marks and apostrophes as in the capture), which a cross-family archive check read on 2026-10-29; the proposition is unchanged. The record bears the headline role earliest-located-tier-2; the change was first held under the override rule and is applied by the same decision, since it changes no wording."},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-ibrahim-gdm-rsc-cochair-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section “Building an ecosystem for AGI readiness”","passage":"the Responsibility and Safety Council, our internal review group co-chaired by our COO Lila Ibrahim and Senior Director of Responsibility Helen King","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (22 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph beginning “Tino has served as a Trustee”","passage":"He has stepped down from the Trust to join the company.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (11 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026-company-page","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Trustee list (page retrieved on 15 October 2026)","passage":"The Trustee list on the page retrieved on 15 October 2026 names Neil Buddy Shah, Richard Fontaine and Ben Bernanke.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Neil Buddy Shah, Richard Fontaine, and Dr. Ben Bernanke” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-frontier-governance-2026-d4-oversight-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 20 (printed p. 18), §6 Allocation of responsibility for risk management, final paragraph","passage":"The board of directors of OpenAI Ireland Limited exercise systemic risk oversight under this Framework for EU purposes.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ap-paul-armer-armer-1966-computer-aspects-of-technological-change","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"OCR text of the scanned volume: heading of the statement or paper","passage":"Paul Armer","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval of the scan’s OCR text and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-dan-clemmensen-extropians-1996-08-31-clemmensen","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Dan Clemmensen","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-faye-duchin-leontief-duchin-1984-impacts-of-automation","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF page 2, report title page, “by” line","passage":"Wassily Leontief and Faye Duchin","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Passage and locator as inspected by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval of the Internet Archive microfiche scan; the title page was checked visually because the OCR text misreads the names; the preparer’s matcher had found the name only outside the byline. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-charles-i-jones-jones-2023-ai-dilemma","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF text layer, first two pages: author name on the title page or first page","passage":"Charles I. Jones","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v2-2-d8-changes-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 23 (printed p. 19), Changelog, May 14, 2025 (RSP v2.2) entry, paragraph 'ASL-3 Security', first sentence","passage":"The v2.2 changelog says the update places sophisticated insiders, and insiders compromised by states, outside the ASL-3 Security Standard.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The entry adds that earlier only “highly sophisticated state-compromised insiders” were explicitly excluded, and gives as its reason that the CBRN-3 and AI R&D-4 threat models do not call for protection against either group. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v3-2-d7-external-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 14 (printed p. 13), §3.5 Publication and Redactions, first sentence","passage":"The edition says Anthropic will make a version of its Risk Report public.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The same section says Anthropic will aim to keep redactions to a minimum. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d1-other-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4 (printed p. 3), §2 Capabilities and risks, 'Tracked high-risk capabilities', fourth bullet","passage":"The edition lists “Loss of control” as a tracked high-risk capability: the ability of a model to undermine effective control by humans through adaptive, deceptive or self-reinforcing means, so that once deployed it can no longer reliably be directed, modified or shut down.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"c2-ev-bytedance-seed-x-report","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"arXiv abstract page, submission line","passage":"Submitted on 18 Jul 2025 (this version), latest version 21 Aug 2025 (v4)","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (13 words), a part of a longer passage that the pack joined across separate fields of the page, matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The pack had joined this field with others of the same page into one quotation; at admission each field became its own quotation (cross-family check, 2026-10-27). No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c2-ev-bytedance-seed-x-report-pdf","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title page, title","passage":"Seed-X: Building Strong Multilingual Translation LLM with 7B Parameters","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (9 words), a part of a longer passage that the pack joined across separate fields of the page, matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The pack had joined this field with others of the same page into one quotation; at admission each field became its own quotation (cross-family check, 2026-10-27). No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c2-ev-bytedance-seed-x-report-credit","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title page, author credit","passage":"ByteDance Seed","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (2 words), a part of a longer passage that the pack joined across separate fields of the page, matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The pack had joined this field with others of the same page into one quotation; at admission each field became its own quotation (cross-family check, 2026-10-27). No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-risk-types-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Measure 6.1, chapeau (p. 17)","passage":"Signatories will treat the following as systemic risks","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the Commission’s own file, which this record cites (SHA-256 e7522e16b0dd05f368592ff19cd2e4af1f1208be88015bfa0059cdb5f6a32354). Read directly from the Commission's newsroom. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-risk-types-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Measure 6.1, list (pp. 17-18)","passage":"The six listed types are cyber offence; chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear risks; loss of control; automated use of models for AI research and development; persuasion and manipulation; and large-scale discrimination.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the copy held by the Dutch Senate, whose extracted text is identical to the Commission’s file; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-1","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “Talen Energy Corporation has entered into…”","passage":"Talen Energy Corporation has entered into a new agreement for the long-term supply of 1,920 MWe of electricity from its Susquehanna nuclear power plant to support Amazon Web Services' data centres","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (31 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 634a0c9049a7cf6e898debca8e96869528985b0a6c03a188337db12aa37f20f5; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 45) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-2","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “The new power purchase agreement will…”","passage":"it will run until 2042, with options to further extend its duration","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (12 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 634a0c9049a7cf6e898debca8e96869528985b0a6c03a188337db12aa37f20f5; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 45) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-3","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “The new power purchase agreement will…”","passage":"Talen is quoted as saying delivery would ramp over time to full volume no later than 2032.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 45) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-4","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “The existing Susquehanna co-located load arrangement…”","passage":"The co-located load arrangement would transition to a front-of-the-meter arrangement after transmission reconfigurations expected in spring 2026; Talen would act as retail supplier and PPL Electric Utilities would handle transmission and delivery.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 45) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-5","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"release of 11 June 2025","passage":"Talen announces an expanded power purchase agreement with Amazon for electricity from the Susquehanna plant, as reported the next day.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Added at the admission of the compute, power and orbit pack (research/compute-power-orbit). Talen’s own release, as the cross-family check read it in an Internet Archive capture and found to corroborate the report; not read at admission. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-fw-pf-2-bio-evaluation-object-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10 (printed p. 9), §3.1 box “An example of a Tracked Category capability evaluation”, first sentence","passage":"To assess the degree to which a covered system can reduce the barriers to creating a biological weapon, our current evaluations test both how capable the system is at providing useful information to someone creating a weapon and how capable it is of directly integrating with relevant tools","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (48 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 5) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-ev-grok4-card-published-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, cover","passage":"Grok 4 Model Card xAI Last updated: August 20, 2025","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (10 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Cover lines, run together in the PDF text layer. The x.ai web page for the card returned HTTP 404 on 2026-10-28. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 22) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed in part; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,1,3,5,15,32,44,45,47,54,55,72,81,90,92,143,202,205,214,253,287,310,343,368,373,395,475,513,565,577,579,588,598,607,643,728,738,851,866,874,889,1000,1007,1184,1239],"claims":[36,161,173,206,606,618,622,909,1120,1154,1227,1302,1531,1757,1894,2135,2187,2208,2220,2270,2528,2562,2722,2798,2883,3192,3268,3397],"sources":[17,38,39,41,43,49,50,73,80,92,184,191,194,198,288,313,362,442,465,518,530,532,547,556,563,564,659,826,827,846,1011,1036,1086],"evidence":[38,180,192,225,696,697,698,720,721,735,736,737,1126,1360,1399,1524,1631,1913,2256,2445,2446,2770,2832,2855,2867,2917,3177,3218,3418,3561,3562,3563,3704,3705,4316,4317,4318,4319,4320,4482,4672]},"version":"1lg47t7"}