{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI"},{"id":"anthropic","name":"Anthropic"},{"id":"google-deepmind","name":"Google DeepMind"},{"id":"microsoft","name":"Microsoft"},{"id":"amazon","name":"Amazon"},{"id":"google","name":"Google"},{"id":"rsp-v2-0","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.0"},{"id":"rsp-v2-2","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.2"},{"id":"rsp-v3-0","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.0"},{"id":"rsp-v3-1","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.1"},{"id":"rsp-v3-2","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.2"},{"id":"fsf-v3-1","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v3.1"},{"id":"preparedness-v2","name":"OpenAI Preparedness Framework — Version 2"},{"id":"frontier-governance-2026","name":"OpenAI Frontier Governance Framework — May 2026 edition"},{"id":"faif-2026","name":"xAI Frontier Artificial Intelligence Framework — June 2026 edition"},{"id":"gemini-training-fleet","name":"Gemini 1.0 training infrastructure"},{"id":"reward-modeling-paper","name":"Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction"},{"id":"self-critique-paper","name":"Self-critiquing models for assisting human evaluators"},{"id":"openai-pbc-plan","name":"Evolving OpenAI’s structure — May 2025 plan"},{"id":"meta","name":"Meta"},{"id":"delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","name":"Delaware Attorney General’s statement of no objection to OpenAI, Inc.’s recapitalization (2025)"},{"id":"inflection-ai","name":"Inflection AI"},{"id":"minimax","name":"MiniMax"},{"id":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments-2024","name":"Frontier AI Safety Commitments, AI Seoul Summit 2024"},{"id":"butler-1863-darwin-among-machines","name":"Darwin among the Machines"},{"id":"vinge-1993-coming-technological-singularity","name":"The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era"},{"id":"extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5142","name":"Re: Goal-based AI"},{"id":"ai-automated-ai-research","name":"AI-automated AI research"},{"id":"treacherous-turn","name":"Treacherous turn"},{"id":"observed-behaviour-as-evidence","name":"Observed behaviour under training or oversight as evidence"},{"id":"tool-without-goals","name":"A tool that wants nothing"},{"id":"lw-2012-reply-to-holden-on-tool-ai","name":"Reply to Holden on 'Tool AI'"},{"id":"eu-ai-act-2024","name":"Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act), as published in the Official Journal"},{"id":"unautomated-tasks-bottleneck-growth","name":"Essential unautomated tasks bottleneck growth"},{"id":"automation-as-ordinary-technical-change","name":"Computers and AI as ordinary technical change"},{"id":"machines-cheaper-at-every-task","name":"Machines cheaper than labour at every task"},{"id":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","name":"Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth"},{"id":"acemoglu-restrepo-2018-ai-automation-and-work","name":"Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work"},{"id":"autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs","name":"Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation"},{"id":"pajarinen-rouvinen-2014-computerization-finnish-employment","name":"Computerization Threatens One Third of Finnish Employment"},{"id":"chelsea-finn","name":"Chelsea Finn"},{"id":"discovery-loop","name":"Discovery Loop"},{"id":"physical-intelligence","name":"Physical Intelligence"},{"id":"sanjay-ghemawat","name":"Sanjay Ghemawat"},{"id":"petri-rouvinen","name":"Petri Rouvinen"},{"id":"kimi-k3-licence","name":"Kimi K3 License"},{"id":"turyshev-odc-2026","name":"Orbital Data Centers: Spacecraft Constraints and Economic Viability"},{"id":"starcloud","name":"Starcloud (formerly Lumen Orbit)"},{"id":"oc9-launch-cost-too-high","name":"Orbital compute costs more than compute on Earth"},{"id":"meta-richland-parish","name":"Meta Richland Parish Data Center, Louisiana"},{"id":"claude-3-7-sonnet-system-card","name":"Claude 3.7 Sonnet System Card"}],"claims":[{"id":"amazon-investment-2023","statement":"Anthropic announced that Amazon would invest up to $4 billion in the company.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An upper-bound announced commitment, not evidence that $4 billion had already been paid. Subsequent transactions are outside this record.","evidenceIds":["evidence-amazon-investment-2023"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"announced","amount":{"value":4000000000,"currency":"USD","bound":"up_to","scope":"transaction"}}},{"id":"anthropic-google-capacity-2026","statement":"Anthropic named Google as a counterparty to a signed agreement for multiple gigawatts of next-generation TPU capacity.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"One joint agreement with Google and Broadcom, represented by two counterparty edges; do not add their capacities. Responsibility split, exact quantity, spend and ownership are not disclosed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-anthropic-google-capacity-2026"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"compute_capacity","relationshipContext":"external","period":"Capacity expected online starting in 2027.","conditions":"Joint Google–Broadcom agreement; each edge records a named counterparty, not a separate capacity allocation.","transactionStage":"contracted"}},{"id":"deepmind-gemini-internal-compute-2023","statement":"Google DeepMind’s Gemini team reported training Gemini 1.0 on Google’s infrastructure using TPU v4 and v5e.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Internal Google resource use in a cross-Google effort; not an external cloud purchase or sole-team attribution. No fleet count, rent or transfer price inferred.","evidenceIds":["evidence-deepmind-gemini-internal-compute-2023"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"infrastructure_use","relationshipContext":"internal","transactionStage":"operational"}},{"id":"lineage-ii-critique-cites-reward","statement":"Self-critiquing models for assisting human evaluators cites Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Work-level citation; the cited revision is unspecified. Does not establish agreement, causal influence, implementation or institutional adoption. The citation alone does not show that the experiments implement the full proposal.","evidenceIds":["evidence-lineage-ii-critique-cites-reward"]},{"id":"atlas-openai-pbc-plan","statement":"OpenAI published a plan to convert its for-profit LLC into a public benefit corporation under nonprofit control.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Proposed structure at this date, not a completed conversion. Compare the separately recorded October announcement.","evidenceIds":["evidence-atlas-openai-pbc-plan"]},{"id":"prov-fsf-v3-1-pre-deployment-review","statement":"FSF v3.1 states that, in the deployment mitigation process for misuse T/CCLs, external deployments of a model take place only after the appropriate governance function determines the residual risk to be acceptable, including a safety case where a CCL has been reached.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-fsf-v3-1-pre-deployment-review"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"fsf-pre-deployment-review","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Appropriate governance function"}]}}},{"id":"absent-faif-2026-bio-chem-acceptance-criterion","statement":"No passage stating the provision “Bio/chem deployment criterion: answer rate below 1 in 20” was found in FAIF · June 2026 edition within the inspected scope.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: FAIF · December 2025 edition states this provision. The inspected scope of FAIF · June 2026 edition was: June 2026 edition, PDF pp. 1–9, whole document: §1 Introduction; §2 Risk Management Framework with §2.1 (a)–(c), §2.2, both sections numbered 2.3 and §2.4; §3 Incident reporting; §4 Governance. Method: Read the whole document, in particular §2.1(a) Addressing CBRN Risks and §2.3 Systemic risk acceptance determination; searched the text layer for “answer rate”, “out of”, “restricted quer”, “SecureBio”, “threshold” and “acceptance criteria”. §2.3 refers to “a systemic risk acceptance criteria” without stating a value. No passage stating a numeric answer-rate criterion on restricted biology and chemistry queries was found within PDF pp. 1–9. The conclusion is bounded by that scope and method.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A recorded absence within the stated scope: not a claim that the provision was deleted, and not a statement about practice or intent. Text comparison only; no replacement between the editions is asserted by this record.","evidenceIds":["evidence-absent-faif-2026-bio-chem-acceptance-criterion"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"faif-bio-chem-acceptance-criterion"}}},{"id":"prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority","statement":"The Delaware Attorney General’s letter of 28 October 2025 records OpenAI’s representation that the nonprofit board’s Safety and Security Committee has and will continue to have the authority to require mitigation measures, up to and including halting the release of models or AI systems, even where the applicable risk thresholds would otherwise permit release.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A representation recorded in a regulator’s letter, not evidence that the authority has been used or is enforceable. The same letter records that the committee will be a committee of the nonprofit, not the PBC, and that the two will enter a contractual agreement giving it an effective approval right over PBC actions relating to safety and security; that agreement was not inspected. OpenAI announced on 16 September 2024 that the committee would become an independent board oversight committee (context below).","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority-1","evidence-prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"ssc-release-authority","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Safety and Security Committee of the nonprofit board"}]}}},{"id":"cm-seoul-inflection-ai","statement":"Inflection AI is listed among the sixteen organisations that, according to the GOV.UK text of 21 May 2024, the UK and Republic of Korea governments announced had agreed to the Frontier AI Safety Commitments.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Listing is the convener’s statement. It is not evidence that the organisation complied with, implemented or still maintains the commitments, and the legal effect of being listed is not recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-seoul-inflection-ai-1"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"stage":"listed"}}},{"id":"cm-link-rsp-v2-2-seoul","statement":"Anthropic’s Responsible Scaling Policy v2.2 states that the policy also helps satisfy Anthropic’s Frontier AI Safety Commitments (2024).","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The edition’s own statement, quoted from it. “Helps satisfy” is recorded as a claim of fulfilment in part; it is not evidence that the commitments are met. The same sentence also names the White House commitments. RSP v3.0 and later editions contain no such sentence; that absence is not recorded as a claim.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-link-rsp-v2-2-seoul-1"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"scope":"helps satisfy","link":"fulfils"}}},{"id":"ts-a5-butler-1863-context","statement":"The 1863 letter notes that machinery is already employed in begetting machinery.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Manufacture of machines by machines, without research or design, does not meet the criterion.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a5-butler-1863-context"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"satirical","missing":"Machinery \"employed in begetting machinery\" describes manufacture, not research or design."}}},{"id":"ts-b1-vinge-1993-context","statement":"Vinge’s 1993 paper imagines a confined mind using apparently helpful advice to gain its freedom.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Escape by persuasion, not a treacherous turn.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-b1-vinge-1993-context"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"No switch from cooperative while weak to hostile once released is described.","claimed":{"date":"1993-03-30","note":"Presented at the VISION-21 Symposium, 30–31 March 1993. The delivered version was not retrieved, so the proceedings wording is not dated to the presentation."}}}},{"id":"ts-b5-yudkowsky-1996-12-31-5142","statement":"Yudkowsky’s message of 1996-12-31 argues that releasing a confined Power once it convinces its keepers would favour an evil Power over a friendly one, because the evil one could lie.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A confinement setting, not training; no capability trigger and no later change of behaviour is described.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-b5-yudkowsky-1996-12-31-5142"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"yk-y15-lw-2012-reply-to-holden-on-tool-ai-c","statement":"The post “Reply to Holden on 'Tool AI'” (2012-06-12) contests Y15. Replies to Holden Karnofsky's 2012 proposal of 'tool AI' that displays plans instead of acting. Argues that specifying such a system formally reintroduces optimisation over the user and the world, with unintended consequences.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: A system that only outputs answers or plans, leaving humans to act on them, is safe. The post states that Luke Muehlhauser and Carl Shulman contributed and that the final edit was Yudkowsky's.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t15-c"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that a system that only outputs answers or plans, leaving humans to act on them, is safe."}}}},{"id":"aia-art3-systemic-risk-definition","statement":"Article 3(65) defines “systemic risk” as a risk that is specific to the high-impact capabilities of general-purpose AI models, having a significant impact on the Union market due to their reach or due to actual or reasonably foreseeable negative effects on public health, safety, public security, fundamental rights or society as a whole, that can be propagated at scale across the value chain.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the definition says. Article 3(64) defines “high-impact capabilities” as capabilities that match or exceed those recorded in the most advanced general-purpose AI models. The operative provisions do not list specific systemic risks; the Code of Practice’s list of specified risks is a separate, voluntary text. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (published 24 July 2026) amends Article 3 (point (14) replaced, points (14a) and (14b) inserted) but, in the inspected text, not points (64) or (65); the consolidated AI Act was not inspected.","evidenceIds":["evidence-aia-art3-systemic-risk-definition-1","evidence-aia-art3-systemic-risk-definition-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"aia-systemic-risk-definition"}}},{"id":"ec-g04-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-a","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) articulates G04. Rapid improvement in information technology raises aggregate growth only if information substitutes well for other inputs in production, or for other goods in consumption. The inelastic case of the same model: growth converges to that of the slowest input.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"(Second passage) The supply-side case of the same model (section VII), with information capital and labour as poor substitutes.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-g04-a","evidence-ec-g04-b"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2016-08-09","note":"Capture of the Cowles PDF."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Tier 1 (unchanged). Economist (Yale) in a core economics series: Cowles Foundation Discussion Paper and NBER Working Paper; journal version in American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics."},"conditions":"(G04-a) Elasticity of substitution between information and other inputs or goods below one. (G04-b) Elasticity of substitution between information capital and labour below one."}}},{"id":"ec-m01-acemoglu-restrepo-2018-ai-automation-and-work-b","statement":"Acemoglu and Restrepo, “Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work” (2018-01) bears on M01. Argues that the canonical factor-augmenting production function cannot represent automation's displacement of labour.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"NBER Working Paper 24196, January 2018 (NBER conference paper; later in The Economics of Artificial Intelligence).","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m01-19"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Not a pre-2015 text; characterises the canonical F(AL, BK) approach without dating particular texts.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"ec-m05-autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs-c","statement":"Autor, “Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation” (2015) contests M05. Reflecting on AI and robotics, Autor expects workers to keep a comparative advantage in problem-solving, adaptability and creativity, against commentators who 'overstate the extent of machine substitution'.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Abstract page only; same passage as the M02 record. Whether the full article addresses the all-tasks scenario cannot be judged from the abstract.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m05-17"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"contrary-only","rationale":"States that workers retain a comparative advantage in some tasks without, in the abstract, analysing the premise that machines could become cheaper at all tasks."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"JEP (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"lg-cn-minimax-founded-2022","statement":"MiniMax’s Hong Kong prospectus of 31 December 2025 states that the company was founded in 2022 by a group of engineers.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The same prospectus defines MiniMax Group Inc. as incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 30 June 2021 (context evidence), so the stated founding year and the holding company’s incorporation date differ; this record does not reconcile them.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-cn-minimax-founded-2022","lg-ev-cn-minimax-founded-2022-incorporation"]},{"id":"lg-goo-ghemawat-cofounded-discovery-loop","statement":"Discovery Loop's site and Jeff Dean's announcement thread, as published by Radical Ventures on 9 August 2026, name Sanjay Ghemawat in the company's founding team.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A founding-team credit; the sources give no titles and no incorporation date.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-goo-ghemawat-cofounded-discovery-loop-site","lg-ev-goo-ghemawat-cofounded-discovery-loop-thread"],"attributes":{"role":"founding team"}},{"id":"lg-gw-finn-cofounded-physical-intelligence","statement":"Chelsea Finn’s academic homepage, as retrieved on 15 October 2026, describes her as a co-founder of Pi, linked to Physical Intelligence’s website.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A first-person description on an undated page; the identification of “Pi” with Physical Intelligence rests on the page’s link to physicalintelligence.company. It does not establish the founding date or her title at the company.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gw-finn-cofounded-physical-intelligence"]},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v2-0-d6-competitor","statement":"RSP · v2.0 states a provision on the comparison question “Provisions conditioned on other developers”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v2-0-d6-competitor-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"exception","key":"comparison-d6-competitor","facet":{"id":"D6.competitor","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v3-1-d3-safeguards","statement":"RSP · v3.1 states a provision on the comparison question “Safeguards required”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Company plans (middle column) are separated from industry-wide recommendations (right column), which the edition says it cannot unilaterally and unconditionally commit to. For the novel chemical/biological row the company column extends protections at least as strong as ASL-3 to more use cases; for the high-stakes sabotage opportunities and Automated R&D rows it lists Risk Report disclosure, security and alignment projects rather than a named standard. What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v3-1-d3-safeguards-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"comparison-d3-safeguards","facet":{"id":"D3.safeguards","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-preparedness-v2-d3-safeguards","statement":"Preparedness · Version 2 states a provision on the comparison question “Safeguards required”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Refers to High thresholds. Table 1 lists risk-specific safeguard guidelines, and Appendix C gives illustrative safeguards and the security practices required for High capability models (PDF pp. 17–22). What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-preparedness-v2-d3-safeguards-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"comparison-d3-safeguards","facet":{"id":"D3.safeguards","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"ap-petri-rouvinen-pajarinen-rouvinen-2014-computerization-finnish-employment","statement":"“Computerization Threatens One Third of Finnish Employment” (2014-01-13) credits Rouvinen Petri as one of its 2 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-petri-rouvinen-pajarinen-rouvinen-2014-computerization-finnish-employment"]},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v2-0-d1-cbrn","statement":"RSP · v2.0 states a provision on the comparison question “Chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear weapons”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v2-0-d1-cbrn-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"comparison-d1-cbrn","facet":{"id":"D1.cbrn","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v3-0-d2-definition","statement":"RSP · v3.0 states a provision on the comparison question “How a threshold is defined”, in a weaker form than the question’s criterion.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Stated, partly: the passage has what the question’s criterion asks for, but in a weaker form than the criterion’s own words. No general definition of reaching a threshold is given: each row describes a capability at which heightened mitigations would be needed, and the industry-wide recommendations rest on analysis and arguments that make a strong case for safety. Only the Automated R&D row is operationalized; the same operationalization defines “highly capable” in §3.6. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v3-0-d2-definition-1","ev-cmp-rsp-v3-0-d2-definition-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"comparison-d2-definition","facet":{"id":"D2.definition","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v3-2-d2-levels","statement":"RSP · v3.2 states a provision on the comparison question “Named levels or thresholds”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The left column is headed “Capability or usage threshold” and has four rows with no ranking: non-novel chemical/biological weapons production; novel chemical/biological weapons production; high-stakes sabotage opportunities; automated R&D in key domains. Appendix B keeps “AI Safety Levels” (ASLs) only to refer to current levels of mitigation, not as a ladder of future capability levels. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v3-2-d2-levels-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"comparison-d2-levels","facet":{"id":"D2.levels","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-frontier-governance-2026-d7-external","statement":"FGF · May 2026 edition states a provision on the comparison question “Public or external reporting”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The first paragraph of §4 says results are recorded in a “Safety and Security Model Report”, which is called 'Transparency Reports' under the TFAIA. §7.1 states that changelogs for material updates are published within 30 days (PDF p. 21); as publication of the framework itself, that is recorded under “Revision”, not here. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-frontier-governance-2026-d7-external-1","ev-cmp-frontier-governance-2026-d7-external-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"reporting","key":"comparison-d7-external","facet":{"id":"D7.external","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"c2-moonshot-k3-licence","statement":"The LICENSE file in Moonshot AI’s Kimi-K3 Hugging Face repository, at a commit of 27 July 2026, is headed “Kimi K3 License” and defines the licensed software to include the model weights, parameters, configuration files, and inference and training code.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The licence is described as the text describes itself; no judgement is made whether it meets any definition of open source. Its grant is subject to numbered conditions; the condition for Model-as-a-Service businesses is recorded separately. Recorded until 2026-10-29 as a publication record of the publisher; since then, as what the document states (schema 2.20).","evidenceIds":["c2-ev-moonshot-k3-licence","c2-ev-moonshot-k3-licence-copyright","c2-ev-moonshot-k3-licence-definition"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"kimi-k3-licence-scope"}}},{"id":"cpo-orb-oc9-turyshev-2026","statement":"Turyshev's preprint (April 2026) finds that matching a terrestrial benchmark of 10-40 thousand dollars per kW allows only 250-1,000 $/kg for launch plus build, 3.4-13.5 times below the current public Falcon 9 dedicated launch price alone.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Independent preprint; the comparison is to a public price benchmark, not to projected Starship prices, and the paper finds early niches (space-native preprocessing) credible. It was earliest located in the pack; the cross-family check’s bounded search found ESPI Report 98 (November 2025), now earliest located (a correction recorded on the collection page).","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-oc9-turyshev-2026-1","evidence-cpo-orb-oc9-turyshev-2026-2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"cpo-dc-meta-richland-announced","statement":"Louisiana Economic Development announced on 4 December 2024 that Meta would build a $10 billion artificial intelligence data center in Richland Parish, northeast Louisiana.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A state agency's account of Meta's announcement; Meta's own December 2024 post was not retrieved. 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Human source review pending."},{"id":"evidence-lineage-ii-critique-cites-reward","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF §1.1, p. 1; p. 21, [LKE+18]","passage":"The introduction cites this proposal as an antecedent of AI-assisted human evaluation.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-25","note":"Direct source inspection; machine check only. Work-level citation; the cited revision is unspecified. Does not establish agreement, causal influence, implementation or institutional adoption. The citation alone does not show that the experiments implement the full proposal."},{"id":"evidence-atlas-openai-pbc-plan","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening bullet list, second and third bullets","passage":"The updated plan proposes a PBC controlled by the nonprofit.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-28","note":"Original source passage checked by the machine agent that proposed the record. No independent machine audit or human source inspection is recorded for this increment."},{"id":"evidence-prov-fsf-v3-1-pre-deployment-review","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10 (printed p. 10), §2.1.2 Deployment Mitigations, numbered step 2, first sentence","passage":"Pre-deployment review of residual risk assessment: external deployments of a model take place only after the appropriate governance function determines the residual risk to be acceptable (including a safety case where a CCL has been reached).","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the inspected PDF, byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2026-04-23. Extraction note: §3.1.2 step 2 (PDF p. 14) applies the same review to external and high-risk internal deployments of models reaching ML R&D and misalignment T/CCLs. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-absent-faif-2026-bio-chem-acceptance-criterion","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"June 2026 edition, PDF pp. 1–9, whole document: §1 Introduction; §2 Risk Management Framework with §2.1 (a)–(c), §2.2, both sections numbered 2.3 and §2.4; §3 Incident reporting; §4 Governance","passage":"Within the inspected scope, no passage stating the provision “Bio/chem deployment criterion: answer rate below 1 in 20” was found.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Absence recorded by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03. Method: Read the whole document, in particular §2.1(a) Addressing CBRN Risks and §2.3 Systemic risk acceptance determination; searched the text layer for “answer rate”, “out of”, “restricted quer”, “SecureBio”, “threshold” and “acceptance criteria”. §2.3 refers to “a systemic risk acceptance criteria” without stating a value. No passage stating a numeric answer-rate criterion on restricted biology and chemistry queries was found within PDF pp. 1–9. Text comparison only. No publisher statement establishes that the June 2026 edition replaces the December 2025 edition. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Representation 9 (page 4)","passage":"The SSC has and will continue to have the authority to require mitigation measures—up to and including halting the release of models or AI systems—even, for the avoidance of doubt, where the applicable risk thresholds would otherwise permit release.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim quote, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression (mechanical match after whitespace normalisation). The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Section “1. Establishing Independent Governance for Safety & Security”, second paragraph","passage":"exercise oversight over model launches, including having the authority to delay a release until safety concerns are addressed","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim quote, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression (mechanical match after whitespace normalisation). The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-seoul-inflection-ai-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening sentence and first list of organisations (sixteen names)","passage":"The text opens by stating that the UK and Republic of Korea governments announced that the listed organisations have agreed to the commitments, and the list includes “Inflection AI”.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression. The list is identical in the Internet Archive capture of 2024-05-21. The integrating session wrote or selected this passage from its own reading of the source; it does not repeat a passage from the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-link-rsp-v2-2-seoul-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Introduction, final paragraph (PDF p. 6; printed p. 2)","passage":"This policy also helps satisfy our Voluntary White House Commitments (2023) and Frontier AI Safety Commitments (2024).","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim quote, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression (mechanical match after whitespace normalisation). The PDF text layer splits this sentence into runs without spaces; it was matched with spaces ignored. The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a5-butler-1863-context","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Column-image segment 5, the passage on machinery employed in begetting machinery","passage":"The letter observes that machines already make other machines: machinery is \"employed in begetting machinery\". It describes no machine doing research or design.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Phrase checked in the Papers Past text; segment 5 compared with the column image."},{"id":"evidence-ts-b1-vinge-1993-context","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Printed p. 15 (PDF page 5)","passage":"If those masters thought at a rate -- say -- one million times slower than you, there is little doubt that over a period of years (your time) you could come up with \"helpful advice\" that would incidentally set you free.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"The same passage as the B2 record."},{"id":"evidence-ts-b5-yudkowsky-1996-12-31-5142","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message body, fourth unquoted paragraph","passage":"less likely to let a friendly Power out than an evil one, because the evil one could lie.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Checked against the archive HTML on 2026-10-06 (hash matched the 1996–2022 candidate search)."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t15-c","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"'Reply to Holden on 'Tool AI'', section 2 'Yes, planning Oracles have hidden gotchas too', final paragraph","passage":"there's a gap between benevolent-sounding English and actually benevolent algorithms which is the source of difficulty in FAI.  \"Just make suggestions - don't do anything!\" is, in the end, just more English.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Candidate pack passage T15-c. The quotation (32 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 7c304626874920908c3faa0ff8dfa1b97ffbec0a9c74fe01564d09115eceb6e2) when checked on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-aia-art3-systemic-risk-definition-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 3, point (65)","passage":"a risk that is specific to the high-impact capabilities of general-purpose AI models","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing session against the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. The definition continues with the effects summarised in the next item. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-aia-art3-systemic-risk-definition-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 3, point (65), remainder","passage":"The definition continues: the risk has a significant impact on the Union market due to its reach, or due to actual or reasonably foreseeable negative effects on public health, safety, public security, fundamental rights or society as a whole, that can be propagated at scale across the value chain.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Editorial paraphrase proposed by the proposing session from the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ec-g04-a","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section IV \"Singularity from the demand and the supply side\", first paragraph","passage":"rapid growth in the productivity of computers or information technology such as shown in Figure 1 has no necessary implication for aggregate economic growth. The reason is that the economy does not run on bits alone, either on the demand side or the supply side.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage G04-a (research/economics-growth). The quotation (45 words) matched the checked expression (nordhaus-cowles) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"evidence-ec-g04-b","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section VII \"Supply-side Singularity\", paragraph beginning \"The natural produced input to consider\"","passage":"If the elasticity of substitution is less than one, then information capital’s share in production declines over time, and the growth in aggregate productivity tends toward the growth of the relatively fixed factor, labor.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage G04-b (research/economics-growth). The quotation (34 words) matched the checked expression (nordhaus-cowles) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day. On 2026-10-30, by the maintainer’s decision of that day, the quotation was corrected to the archive capture of 2016-08-09 (quotation marks and apostrophes as in the capture), which a cross-family archive check read on 2026-10-28; the proposition is unchanged. The record bears the headline role earliest-located; the change was first held under the override rule and is applied by the same decision, since it changes no wording."},{"id":"evidence-ec-m01-19","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 7; section 2 Automation, Work, and Wages: An Overview (printed p. 5)","passage":"This displacement effect is not present—or present only incidentally—in most approaches to production functions and labor demand used in macroeconomics and labor economics.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M01-19 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (23 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 0707870c32273416f9e92849a4eb539c74a6febbbd318e94e3d7eacab24eaea5) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"Post-2015 characterisation of the canonical approach, not an M01 instance.","requires":"Pre-2015 tier-1 texts using F(AL, BK)-type treatments of computers or automation."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-m05-17","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"AEA article page, Abstract (JEP 29(3), Summer 2015, pp. 3-30)","passage":"I argue that the interplay between machine and human comparative advantage allows computers to substitute for workers in performing routine, codifiable tasks while amplifying the comparative advantage of workers in supplying problem-solving skills, adaptability, and creativity.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M05-17 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (36 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 faa6a9976b49be8beb09c2cb4b16ea37795a78fa86301a46698515b3a7f79897) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day, whose SHA-256 differs from the recorded one."},{"id":"lg-ev-cn-minimax-founded-2022","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"History, Reorganization and Corporate Structure, opening overview, printed page 201","passage":"Founded in 2022 by a group of engineers","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (8 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-cn-minimax-founded-2022-incorporation","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Definitions, “Company”, printed page 36","passage":"incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on June 30, 2021","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (12 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-goo-ghemawat-cofounded-discovery-loop-site","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"03 — The Team","passage":"Our founding team — Jeff Dean, Sanjay Ghemawat, Quoc Le, and Oriol Vinyals","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (13 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-goo-ghemawat-cofounded-discovery-loop-thread","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Dean's thread, post 1","passage":"Dean's thread names himself, Sanjay Ghemawat, Quoc Le and Oriol Vinyals as founding Discovery Loop.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “we are founding Discovery Loop, a Public Benefit Corporation” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-finn-cofounded-physical-intelligence","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Introduction, first sentence (the word “Pi” links to physicalintelligence.company)","passage":"Electrical Engineering at Stanford University and co-founder of Pi.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (9 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v2-0-d6-competitor-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 16 (printed p. 12), footnote 18 (attached to §7.1 item 7 'Policy changes'), first and second sentences","passage":"It is possible at some point in the future that another actor in the frontier AI ecosystem will pass, or be on track to imminently pass, a Capability Threshold without implementing measures equivalent to the Required Safeguards","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The footnote continues that in such a scenario Anthropic might decide to lower its Required Safeguards, would acknowledge the overall risk, and would make a case to the U.S. government for regulatory action. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v3-1-d3-safeguards-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 6, §1, threshold table, row 'Non-novel chemical/biological weapons production', middle column ('Mitigations—our plan as a company')","passage":"We will maintain or improve on our ASL-3 protections, which include classifier guards at least as robust as our initial Constitutional Classifiers","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The cell opens by stating that Anthropic will maintain or improve on its ASL-3 protections, which include these guards. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-preparedness-v2-d3-safeguards-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 5 (printed p. 4), §2.2 Tracked Categories, first paragraph, sentence following the definition of High capability thresholds","passage":"Covered systems that cross this capability threshold are required to have robust and effective safeguards … before they are deployed and appropriate security controls as they are developed.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ap-petri-rouvinen-pajarinen-rouvinen-2014-computerization-finnish-employment","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Page head: author byline","passage":"Rouvinen Petri","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v2-0-d1-cbrn-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 7 (printed p. 3), §2 Capability Thresholds and Required Safeguards, table row 'Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) weapons', Capability Thresholds column","passage":"The edition sets a CBRN weapons Capability Threshold: the ability to significantly help people with basic technical backgrounds create or obtain and deploy CBRN weapons.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The edition gives undergraduate STEM degrees as an example of a basic technical background. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v3-0-d2-definition-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4, §1, third paragraph, first sentence","passage":"The edition says Anthropic cannot yet give detailed advance specifics of which evaluations will decide whether a risk threshold has been passed.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v3-0-d2-definition-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 8, §1, threshold table, row 'Automated R&D in key domains', left column, paragraph beginning 'Our working operationalization'","passage":"For the Automated R&D threshold, the edition’s working operationalization is to trigger it when Anthropic determines that a model could fit two years’ worth of AI progress, at the 2018–2024 rate, into a single year.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The edition calls this its “working operationalization” of the Automated R&D threshold. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v3-2-d2-levels-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4, §1 Our Recommendations for Industry-Wide Safety, first paragraph","passage":"The edition says the left column of its three-column table sets out the capability thresholds at which heightened mitigations would be needed.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-frontier-governance-2026-d7-external-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 18 (printed p. 16), §4 Model reporting, first paragraph, first and second sentences","passage":"The edition says that, for models within the Framework’s scope, OpenAI also publishes details of the assessments in system cards or other reports when a model launches.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Explicit paraphrase by an automated research assistant, corrected on 2026-10-28 after a blind check of all 287 comparison paraphrases by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-28 (research/frontier-framework-comparison/codex-paraphrases-2026-10-28.md), which found that it left out the boundary set by the preceding sentence, which limits the assessments to models in scope of the Framework. The correction was written from the passage as re-read in the publisher copy retrieved on 2026-10-28, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Given as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-frontier-governance-2026-d7-external-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 15 (printed p. 13), §2.6 › 'External reporting', second sentence","passage":"The edition says that for an incident found to be reportable, OpenAI will collect information from its investigation and remediation to report to the appropriate authorities by the required deadlines.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The sentence is conditional on an incident being determined reportable under applicable laws. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"c2-ev-moonshot-k3-licence","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"LICENSE, heading","passage":"Kimi K3 License","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (3 words), a part of a longer passage that the pack joined across separate fields of the page, matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The pack had joined this field with others of the same page into one quotation; at admission each field became its own quotation (cross-family check, 2026-10-27). A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K061) re-read the record’s sources and judged it partly supported; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c2-ev-moonshot-k3-licence-copyright","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"LICENSE, copyright line","passage":"Copyright (c) 2026 Moonshot AI","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (5 words), a part of a longer passage that the pack joined across separate fields of the page, matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The pack had joined this field with others of the same page into one quotation; at admission each field became its own quotation (cross-family check, 2026-10-27). A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K061) re-read the record’s sources and judged it partly supported; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c2-ev-moonshot-k3-licence-definition","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"LICENSE, grant paragraph, definition of “Software”","passage":"including the model weights, parameters, configuration files, inference and training code","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Added at the admission of the Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The cross-family check (K061) read this definition. It was read at admission from a direct retrieval of the pinned file whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s retrieval. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K061) re-read the record’s sources and judged it partly supported; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc9-turyshev-2026-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"abstract","passage":"a terrestrial infrastructure benchmark of 10–40 k$/kW allows only 250–1000 $/kg for the combined launch and spacecraft-build cost before space-to-ground communications, operations, utilization, and lifetime terms are included. That allowance is 3.4–13.5 times below the current public Falcon 9 dedicated low-Earth-orbit launch-price benchmark alone","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (44 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 104) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc9-turyshev-2026-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"abstract","passage":"the abstract calls space-native preprocessing and communications-integrated edge compute credible early regimes.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 104) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-dc-meta-richland-announced-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 1","passage":"Meta announced it will build a $10 billion artificial intelligence data center in northeast Louisiana","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (15 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 c2c77582c5819c55365e356a6e6186e538c6202170dcfdbb0550c3b5867a1ce9; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 10) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-dc-meta-richland-announced-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 1 (dateline)","passage":"the release is datelined Richland Parish, La., and refers to the data center planned for Richland Parish.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 10) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-meta-nuclear-rfp-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “Our aim is to add 1-4…”","passage":"Our aim is to add 1-4 GW of new nuclear generation capacity in the U.S. to be delivered starting in the early 2030s","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (23 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 7969d1b933817326c8a0ff1561b96fea45ae0004dc19ca367c115bceae13f7dd; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-meta-nuclear-rfp-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “Advancing the technologies that will build…”","passage":"nuclear energy can help provide firm, baseload power to support the growth needs of the electric grids that power both our data centers","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (23 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 7969d1b933817326c8a0ff1561b96fea45ae0004dc19ca367c115bceae13f7dd; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-ch-microsoft-anthropic-investment-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"body, paragraph 5","passage":"NVIDIA and Microsoft are committing to invest up to $10 billion and up to $5 billion respectively in Anthropic.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (19 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 a12faa166c709246f7e9685a70a30c2873d5ff4110824f8f461cc41efa7fe4bc; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 60) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-5gw-plan-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"video caption under paragraph 2","passage":"Starcloud plans to build a 5-gigawatt orbital data center with super-large solar and cooling panels approximately 4 kilometers in width and length.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 113) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-5gw-plan-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"PDF p. 7, Physical Architecture: Power","passage":"the white paper gives a 5 GW data centre a solar array of approximately 4 km by 4 km.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 113) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-5gw-plan-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"standfirst","passage":"NVIDIA describes Starcloud as an NVIDIA Inception startup.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 113) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-ev-claude37-card-published-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 5, §1 Introduction, paragraph on the Responsible Scaling Policy","passage":"The RSP requires comprehensive safety evaluations prior to releasing frontier models in key areas of potential catastrophic risk: Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN); cybersecurity; and autonomous capabilities.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (28 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 48) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,1,2,4,5,39,42,44,45,46,47,52,54,55,57,65,101,102,122,157,224,235,248,252,254,280,295,340,342,345,364,439,491,507,513,517,526,541,554,583,646,660,768,786,917,969,1100,1113,1123,1159,1236],"claims":[7,131,137,233,279,444,496,652,706,727,758,844,882,1086,1192,1266,1311,1368,1617,1967,1984,2052,2072,2126,2319,2493,2535,2558,2668,2841,3103,3133,3184,3205,3236,3405],"sources":[3,36,38,39,40,41,47,49,50,52,66,69,101,122,214,216,239,253,282,297,406,457,477,493,507,536,582,632,644,672,798,920,923,928,949,973,1017,1081],"evidence":[7,150,156,254,300,476,527,792,793,885,910,961,1057,1097,1322,1447,1448,1582,1583,1640,1708,2036,2037,2541,2542,2563,2652,2676,2757,2966,3140,3185,3186,3212,3346,3347,3636,3637,3638,4079,4080,4146,4147,4285,4286,4357,4437,4438,4439,4687]},"version":"1lg47t7"}