{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI"},{"id":"amazon","name":"Amazon"},{"id":"rsp-2023","name":"Responsible Scaling Policy (2023)"},{"id":"deceptive-alignment","name":"Deceptive alignment"},{"id":"mustafa-suleyman","name":"Mustafa Suleyman"},{"id":"google","name":"Google"},{"id":"fsf-v2-0","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v2.0"},{"id":"fsf-v3-1","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v3.1"},{"id":"coreweave","name":"CoreWeave"},{"id":"john-schulman","name":"John Schulman"},{"id":"trpo-paper","name":"Trust Region Policy Optimization"},{"id":"metr","name":"Model Evaluation & Threat Research"},{"id":"beth-barnes","name":"Beth Barnes"},{"id":"christian-szegedy","name":"Christian Szegedy"},{"id":"ms-fgf-2026","name":"Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework — February 2026"},{"id":"eder-1994-re-the-singularity","name":"Re: The Singularity (Eder)"},{"id":"creating-friendly-ai-2001","name":"Creating Friendly AI 1.0: The Analysis and Design of Benevolent Goal Architectures"},{"id":"yudkowsky-2008-hard-takeoff","name":"Hard Takeoff"},{"id":"arbital-optimization-daemons","name":"Optimization daemons"},{"id":"recursive-self-improvement","name":"Recursive self-improvement"},{"id":"ai-automated-ai-research","name":"AI-automated AI research"},{"id":"short-instruction-suffices","name":"A short instruction such as making everyone happy"},{"id":"fix-problems-as-they-arise","name":"Problems can be fixed as they arise"},{"id":"give-it-human-values","name":"Giving it good human values"},{"id":"interpretability-reads-its-mind","name":"Interpretability will let us read its mind"},{"id":"extropians-1996-12-08-yudkowsky-3761","name":"Re: Trans- vs. Non-human"},{"id":"sl4-2000-10-03-yudkowsky-0010-0125","name":"Re: Ben what are your views and concerns"},{"id":"sl4-2002-09-10-yudkowsky-0209-5398","name":"Friendly AI communications issues (was: Consciousness)"},{"id":"eu-digital-omnibus-ai-2026","name":"Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI), as published in the Official Journal"},{"id":"recent-economics-engagement-with-ai","name":"Recent entry of machine intelligence into mainstream economics"},{"id":"bresnahan-brynjolfsson-hitt-1999-it-workplace-organization","name":"Information Technology, Workplace Organization and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence"},{"id":"jones-2024-ai-dilemma-aer-insights","name":"The AI Dilemma: Growth versus Existential Risk"},{"id":"charles-i-jones","name":"Charles I. Jones"},{"id":"new-delhi-declaration-2026","name":"AI Impact Summit Declaration (New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact), February 2026"},{"id":"us-ai-action-plan-2025","name":"Winning the Race: America’s AI Action Plan"},{"id":"il-ai-safety-measures-act","name":"Illinois AI Safety Measures Act"},{"id":"governor-of-illinois","name":"Governor of Illinois"},{"id":"energy-northwest","name":"Energy Northwest"},{"id":"uk-biological-security-strategy-2023","name":"UK Biological Security Strategy"},{"id":"us-bill-s-2400-118-introduced","name":"S. 2400 (118th Congress): Securing Gene Synthesis Act, as introduced in the Senate"}],"claims":[{"id":"lineage-schulman-trpo","statement":"Trust Region Policy Optimization names John Schulman as a co-author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"One credited co-author, not sole authorship, leadership, employment or priority for the method.","evidenceIds":["evidence-lineage-schulman-trpo"]},{"id":"capital-ii-openai-coreweave-termination-2025","statement":"CoreWeave reports that repeated service-availability failures give OpenAI a right to terminate all or part of its March agreement commitment.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A contractual remedy, not evidence of failure or exercised termination. Applies to the March agreement; do not extend it to later orders without evidence.","evidenceIds":["evidence-capital-ii-openai-coreweave-termination-2025"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"cloud_services","relationshipContext":"external","conditions":"Repeated failure to meet availability-of-service requirements.","transactionStage":"contracted"}},{"id":"eval-i-barnes-metr","statement":"AXRP introduces Beth Barnes as METR’s head of research.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An interview introduction supports this historical role, not current tenure or legal founding details.","evidenceIds":["evidence-eval-i-barnes-metr"],"attributes":{"role":"Head of research"}},{"id":"xm-szegedy-google","statement":"The Batch Normalization paper lists Christian Szegedy with a Google affiliation.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The byline establishes a Google Inc. affiliation only; no particular internal research unit or employment interval is asserted.","evidenceIds":["evidence-xm-szegedy-google"],"attributes":{"role":"Paper author affiliated with Google"}},{"id":"prov-fsf-v3-1-government-disclosure","statement":"FSF v3.1 states that if Google DeepMind assesses that a model has reached a CCL that poses an unmitigated and material risk to overall public safety, it aims to share relevant information with appropriate government authorities where it will facilitate safety of frontier AI.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-fsf-v3-1-government-disclosure"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"fsf-government-disclosure","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Google DeepMind"},{"role":"informed","actor":"Appropriate government authorities"}]}}},{"id":"ts-a5-eder-1994-context","statement":"Eder’s 1994 message discusses automating the manufacture of computer chips to lower their cost.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Manufacture does not meet the criterion.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a5-eder-1994-context"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Automating chip production lowers costs; manufacture is not AI research.","attested":{"date":"1997-07-12","note":"Known only from the relay on Anders Sandberg’s web pages, captured by the Internet Archive on 1997-07-12."}}}},{"id":"ts-a3-yudkowsky-2008-hard-takeoff","statement":"Yudkowsky’s post of 2008-12-02 defines recursive self-improvement as an AI rewriting its own cognitive algorithms, which \"closes the loop\", and argues that it either peters out or goes FOOM.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An argument, not a report of any system.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a3-yudkowsky-2008-hard-takeoff"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"ts-b3-arbital-daemons-context","statement":"The Arbital page Optimization daemons uses evolution as an analogy: brains pursued goals that tracked reproductive fitness until rapid capability gain changed the context.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Risks from Learned Optimization cites this page as earlier work it hopes to supplant; a conceptual precursor recorded as context.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-b3-arbital-daemons-context"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"An analogy with natural selection, not a claim that a trained model strategically behaves as aligned.","attested":{"note":"Current viewer page; an Internet Archive capture of 2021-12-04 exists but was not compared."}}}},{"id":"yk-y02-sl4-2000-11-13-yudkowsky-0011-0181-c","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: Ben's \"Extropian Creed\"” (2000-11-13) contests Y02. Replying to Ben Goertzel about his newspaper article on Extropians and poverty, he describes his own work on Friendly AI and contrasts it with his former belief that an objective morality would make an AI friendly without design work.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t02-s1"]},{"id":"yk-y04-sl4-2000-10-03-yudkowsky-0010-0125-c","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: Ben what are your views and concerns” (2000-10-03) contests Y04. In a long reply to Ben Goertzel about Webmind, he argues that a goal of promoting users' happiness is dangerous for a mind that might come to run all the matter in the Solar System, because maximising pleasure is most directly served by wireheading.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: A short instruction such as 'make people happy' specifies what we want.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t04-s1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that a short instruction such as 'make people happy' specifies what we want."}}}},{"id":"yk-y14-sl4-2002-09-10-yudkowsky-0209-5398-c","statement":"The SL4 message “Friendly AI communications issues (was: Consciousness)” (2002-09-10) contests Y14. Writing about Friendly AI problems, he declines to rely on the historical pattern that technological problems get solved as they arise and says he wants to know a solution exists in advance.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: We get to learn from failures with powerful AI and try again, as with other technologies. The preceding paragraph endorses technophilia and says solutions usually outrun problems; he calls the 'as we go along' regularity historically reliable but refuses to depend on it for Friendly AI. He does not argue here that failures would be unrecoverable.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t14-s2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that we get to learn from failures with powerful AI and try again, as with other technologies."}}}},{"id":"yk-y16-coherent-extrapolated-volition-2004-c","statement":"“Coherent Extrapolated Volition” (2004-05) contests Y16. He argues that short lists of moral rules only work on minds that already share human psychology, and that an AI given them would lose everything the list leaves out.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t16-b"]},{"id":"yk-y16-sl4-2000-10-03-yudkowsky-0010-0125-c","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: Ben what are your views and concerns” (2000-10-03) contests Y16. Advising Ben Goertzel on Webmind's goal system, he argues that hardcoded rules and goals will not survive a self-modifying AI's redesigns and that a programmer's own philosophy cannot simply be transferred into an AI.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t16-s1"]},{"id":"yk-y16-extropians-1996-12-08-yudkowsky-3761-c","statement":"The Extropians message “Re: Trans- vs. Non-human” (1996-12-08) contests Y16. Replying to a list member who proposed leaving certain values, such as the protection of humans, inerasably fixed in a newborn superintelligence, he calls this line of thought the greatest known danger to humanity and says such an imprint would probably backfire.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Present-day or programmers' values are settled enough to fix permanently in an AI. His 1996 reasons were that a fixed goal would interfere with the ethics a Power would otherwise reach and leave it emotionally immature and liable to turn on humanity; he later abandoned both the expectation that a Power finds ethics by itself (‘Sufficient intelligence brings good values’, Y02) and the emotional framing (‘AI risk as film science fiction’, Y20). The conclusion against permanently fixing a set of values matches later texts (his SL4 message of 2000-10-03, Coherent Extrapolated Volition). Quotation shortened to respect the ~10% cap for a short message. He opposes an unerasable protect-humans goal because it would interfere with ethics the Power would find for itself, a rationale he later abandoned.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t16-e1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting","earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that present-day or programmers' values are settled enough to fix permanently in an AI."}}}},{"id":"yk-y25-creating-friendly-ai-2001-b","statement":"“Creating Friendly AI” (2001-06-15) bears on Y25. A table cell giving the design assumption that is conservative for Friendly AI. It stands opposite the nonconservative assumption 'Human-observable cognition; AI can be definitely known to be Friendly.'","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: We can see what an AI system is thinking. Creating Friendly AI is dated 15 June 2001; the cached text is a later MIRI-hosted PDF reprint, and table cells were reconstructed from extracted PDF text. The same document proposes a 'flight recorder' so that an AI's past states can be inspected, so it treats inspection as a safeguard while not assuming it is sufficient. A worst-case design assumption from a 2001 table, contrasted with \"human-observable cognition\"; it predates modern interpretability research.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t25-a"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"A worst-case design assumption that an AI could hide unfriendly cognition; it does not address whether reading an AI's thoughts makes it safe.","attested":{"note":"Known only from MIRI's later, undated PDF reprint; the wording was not found in the 2001 HTML pages compared."}}}},{"id":"omni-entry-into-force","statement":"Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 provides that it enters into force on the third day following its publication in the Official Journal. The Official Journal gives 24 July 2026 as the publication date, which makes the third day 27 July 2026.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The date 27 July 2026 is computed from the publication date and is consistent with new Article 113(d) in the Regulation, which says Articles 102 to 110 of the AI Act apply from 27 July 2026. Entry into force of the amending act is not the date of application of every amended provision. The Regulation’s own recital gives urgency before the general application of the AI Act as the reason.","evidenceIds":["evidence-omni-entry-into-force-1","evidence-omni-entry-into-force-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"omni-entry-into-force"}}},{"id":"ec-m09-bresnahan-brynjolfsson-hitt-1999-it-workplace-organization-b","statement":"Bresnahan, Brynjolfsson, Hitt, “Information Technology, Workplace Organization and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence” (1999-05) bears on M09. The authors summarise the economics literature of the 1990s: the unexplained shift in labour demand is attributed to skill-biased technical change, which many link to information technology.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The authors' characterisation of the literature, with citations; context for how economists framed computers before AI became a topic.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m09-34"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Describes economists' consensus on technology and wage inequality, not the state of research on machine intelligence.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"lg-goo-suleyman-google-2019","statement":"Mustafa Suleyman posted on X on 5 December 2019 that he would join Google to work on opportunities and impacts of applied AI technologies, starting in January.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A prospective move stated in his own post; it gives no title.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-goo-suleyman-google-2019"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Title not given (to work on opportunities and impacts of applied AI technologies)"}},{"id":"cmp-rsp-2023-d4-determination","statement":"RSP · 2023 states a provision on the comparison question “Determination of capability or safeguard adequacy”, in a weaker form than the question’s criterion.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Stated, partly: the passage has what the question’s criterion asks for, but in a weaker form than the criterion’s own words. The edition does not name who determines that an ASL threshold has been reached or that safeguards are adequate; analyses in the response policy are stated without a named decision-maker. The named determination concerns weight deletion. A designated Responsible Scaling Officer is responsible for ensuring commitments are executed (PDF p. 10, item 7). What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-2023-d4-determination-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"comparison-d4-determination","facet":{"id":"D4.determination","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"ap-charles-i-jones-jones-2024-ai-dilemma-aer-insights","statement":"“The AI Dilemma: Growth versus Existential Risk” (2024-12) credits Charles I. Jones as its author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited authorship of this expression; it says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-charles-i-jones-jones-2024-ai-dilemma-aer-insights"]},{"id":"cmp-fsf-v2-0-d1-other","statement":"FSF · v2.0 states a provision on the comparison question “Other named domains”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Deceptive alignment is tracked through an exploratory section with two Instrumental Reasoning CCLs (Table 2, PDF p. 7); the edition says that at present it primarily addresses misuse risk. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-fsf-v2-0-d1-other-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"comparison-d1-other","facet":{"id":"D1.other","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-fsf-v2-0-d8-changes","statement":"FSF · v2.0 states a provision on the comparison question “Stated changes from the previous edition”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"No consolidated changelog: the “Updates and changes” page (PDF p. 9) lists only Version 1.0 and a corrected link (21 March 2025). Changes from v1.0 are stated in passing: Future Work (PDF p. 8) says the CCLs and threat models have been updated from version 1.0, and footnote 6 (PDF p. 4) says the deployment mitigation process derives from the one Deployment Level 2 required in v1.0. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-fsf-v2-0-d8-changes-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"revision","key":"comparison-d8-changes","facet":{"id":"D8.changes","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-fsf-v3-1-d2-definition","statement":"FSF · v3.1 states a provision on the comparison question “How a threshold is defined”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Footnote 8 (PDF p. 11) says that in misuse T/CCLs “additional” harm is intended to mean harm beyond a baseline in which generative AI is absent. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-fsf-v3-1-d2-definition-1","ev-cmp-fsf-v3-1-d2-definition-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"comparison-d2-definition","facet":{"id":"D2.definition","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"fl-intl-new-delhi-endorsers-91","statement":"A PIB release of 24 February 2026 states that, after 21 February 2026, Bangladesh, Costa Rica and Guatemala joined the New Delhi Declaration, taking the total to 91 countries and organisations.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A count stated by the release at its own date; it names only the three countries that joined after 21 February. The counts of 88 (21 February), 91 (24 February) and 92 (the list dated 5 March 2026) are dated snapshots, each recorded separately. Endorsement implies no signature or legal effect.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-intl-new-delhi-endorsers-91-1"],"attributes":{"listing":{"count":91,"countBasis":"stated"}}},{"id":"fl-us-il-ai-safety-measures-act-signed-stated","statement":"Illinois Executive Order 2026-07 (22 September 2026) states that the Illinois General Assembly passed, and the Governor signed into law, the AI Safety Measures Act.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The Governor’s statement in a later order. The legislature’s record (ilga.gov) could not be retrieved, so the bill number, passage and signature dates, Public Act number and effective date are not recorded. The order’s description of the Act’s duties (frameworks, annual third-party audits, 72-hour incident reports) is the Governor’s summary, not the statutory text.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-us-il-ai-safety-measures-act-signed-stated-1","evidence-fl-us-il-ai-safety-measures-act-signed-stated-2"]},{"id":"cpo-pw-amazon-energy-northwest","statement":"Amazon announced on 16 October 2024 an agreement with Energy Northwest to enable development of four advanced small modular reactors in Washington, expected to generate roughly 320 MW in a first phase with an option to increase to 960 MW.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Development agreement; Amazon states the reactors would be constructed, owned and operated by Energy Northwest and would meet regional needs from the early 2030s. No power purchase volume, price or construction is recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-energy-northwest-1","evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-energy-northwest-2","evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-energy-northwest-3"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"announced","quantity":{"value":320,"unit":"MW first phase, option to 960 MW total (as worded)","bound":"approximate","measures":"generation_capacity"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","wording":"early 2030s","statedBy":"amazon"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"smr_development"}}},{"id":"ab-fw-ms-fgf-2026-changelog-no-cbrn-entry","statement":"No passage recording a change to the CBRN weapons capability thresholds was found in the change log of the Frontier Governance Framework of February 2026 within the inspected scope.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: the inspected scope was the whole of Appendix II – Change log on PDF p. 16 (printed p. 15), whose February 2026 entry lists six changes. Method: the search terms “CBRN”, “chemical”, “biological” and “threshold” applied to the normalised text of the entry. The entry names the addition of harmful manipulation and loss of control as tracked high-risk capabilities, the update cadence, the scope of the framework, the cadence of deeper capability assessment, a definition of substantially fine-tuned models, and other edits for clarity. The record means not found within that scope.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A recorded absence in one named part of one edition. It is not a finding that the CBRN thresholds are unchanged: this record does not compare the two editions’ Critical CBRN rows, and the pack’s record of that comparison is not admitted here. It says nothing about other parts of the edition or about practice.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-fw-ms-fgf-2026-changelog-no-cbrn-entry-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"revision","key":"msfgf-changelog-cbrn-entry"}}},{"id":"ab-scr-s2400-federal-purchase-restriction","statement":"S. 2400 as introduced would require that any entity receiving federal funds, and any federal agency, purchase de novo gene synthesis products or gene synthesis equipment only from providers or manufacturers that are verified or provisionally verified under the regulation the bill would require, and would provide for enforcement including the revocation or withholding of federal research funding.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A proposal in a bill as introduced; it binds no purchaser and no provider. The enforcement sentence of the bill cross-refers to subsection (b)(2)(E) of the amended section, which concerns fees; the cross-reference is reproduced as the bill has it and is not interpreted.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-scr-s2400-federal-purchase-restriction-1","evidence-ab-scr-s2400-federal-purchase-restriction-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"us-securing-gene-synthesis-act-federal-purchase-restriction"}}},{"id":"ab-gov-uk-bss-2023-ai-convergence","statement":"The UK Biological Security Strategy of 12 June 2023 states that the convergence of bioscience with robotics, machine learning and AI has paved the way for automated approaches to biology, creating new cyberbiosecurity risk.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The strategy's own framing, in a passage about advances in bioscience; it is not a finding about any AI system and sets no requirement. The strategy's commitments on synthetic nucleic acid screening are recorded in this pack's synthesis screening strand, not here.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-gov-uk-bss-2023-ai-convergence-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"uk-bss-2023-ai-bioscience-convergence"}}},{"id":"ab-gov-us-action-plan-federal-funding-screening","statement":"America's AI Action Plan recommends requiring all institutions that receive federal funding for scientific research to use nucleic acid synthesis tools and synthesis providers with robust nucleic acid sequence screening and customer verification procedures, and creating enforcement mechanisms for that requirement rather than relying on voluntary attestation.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A recommended policy action in a plan, not a legal duty, a rule or an appropriation. It names no agency as the enforcer, no provider and no screening standard, and it is not evidence that any requirement was imposed. The 2024 OSTP framework and later screening actions are recorded in this pack's synthesis screening strand.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-gov-us-action-plan-federal-funding-screening-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"us-ai-action-plan-funding-screening-requirement"}}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-rsp-1-0","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v1.0","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":"2023-09-19","version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v1.0; effective date 2023-09-19.","versionDate":"2023-09-19","canonicalUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/1adf000c8f675958c2ee23805d91aaade1cd4613/responsible-scaling-policy.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/1adf000c8f675958c2ee23805d91aaade1cd4613/responsible-scaling-policy.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230919161730/https://www-files.anthropic.com/production/files/responsible-scaling-policy-1.0.pdf","archivedAt":"2023-09-19","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v1.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-fsf-2-0","title":"Frontier Safety Framework — v2.0","authors":["Google DeepMind"],"publisher":"Google DeepMind","publicationDate":"2025-02-04","version":"Frontier Safety Framework v2.0; publication date 2025-02-04.","versionDate":"2025-02-04","canonicalUrl":"https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/updating-the-frontier-safety-framework/Frontier%20Safety%20Framework%202.0.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/updating-the-frontier-safety-framework/Frontier%20Safety%20Framework%202.0.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250205011727/https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/updating-the-frontier-safety-framework/Frontier%20Safety%20Framework%202.0.pdf","archivedAt":"2025-02-05","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Google DeepMind, Frontier Safety Framework — v2.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). 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A contractual remedy, not evidence of failure or exercised termination. Applies to the March agreement; do not extend it to later orders without evidence."},{"id":"evidence-eval-i-barnes-metr","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Episode introduction, first paragraph.","passage":"The introduction identifies Barnes as METR’s head of research.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-27","note":"Original publisher passage machine-inspected. This is not human review or independent reproduction of the reported activity."},{"id":"evidence-xm-szegedy-google","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title-page author block: Christian Szegedy; affiliation Google Inc.","passage":"Christian Szegedy is an author affiliated with Google Inc.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-29","note":"Passage checked by machine against the identified source expression. No human editorial acceptance or independent verification of implementation is implied."},{"id":"evidence-prov-fsf-v3-1-government-disclosure","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 17 (printed p. 17), §5.2 Disclosures, first sentence","passage":"If we assess that a model has reached a CCL that poses an unmitigated and material risk to overall public safety, we aim to share relevant information with appropriate government authorities where it will facilitate safety of frontier AI.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the inspected PDF, byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2026-04-23. Extraction note: Wording identical to v3.0 §5.2 (PDF p. 16); no change proposed. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a5-eder-1994-context","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"\"Can the Singularity be avoided?\", first paragraph","passage":"Automated chip manufacture would reduce the cost of computing.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Paraphrase from the pre-1996 candidate search."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a3-yudkowsky-2008-hard-takeoff","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Second paragraph","passage":"Recursive self-improvement - an AI rewriting its own cognitive algorithms - identifies the object level of the AI with a force acting on the metacognitive level; it \"closes the loop\" or \"folds the graph in on itself\".","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Checked against the first stored version on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-ts-b3-arbital-daemons-context","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"First paragraph (evolution analogy)","passage":"Initially, these cognitive optimizers pursued goals that correlated well with natural selection’s optimization target of reproductive fitness [...] such rapid capability gain occurred that a context change took place and the brains’ pursuit of their internal goals no longer correlated reliably with DNA replication.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Checked against the current viewer page on 2026-10-06. On 2026-10-30, by the maintainer’s decision of that day, the quotation was corrected to the archive capture of 2021-12-04 (quotation marks and apostrophes as in the capture), which a cross-family archive check read on 2026-10-28; the proposition is unchanged."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t02-s1","passage":"I used to have the extremely convenient belief that Friendly AI would happen completely on automatic because morality was objective. I now believe that Friendly AI needs to be more complex than that, both because morality might be nonobjective …","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"evidence-yk-t04-s1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'Even if Webmind retained the original goals'","passage":"the goals described by Ben Goertzel sound extremely dangerous … if promoting the happiness of human users is interpreted as maximizing their pleasure, then wireheading all the users - hacking into their minds and lighting up the pleasure centers - is the most direct subgoal.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T04-s1. The quotation (45 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 8aefc21492cd1992d0007035163b0366bd8875b09a0ba5998e6bca7a236c9cef) when checked on 2026-10-07."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t14-s2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'It could be that when we actually start building AI'","passage":"I'm trying hard to make sure I know what the inhumanly good solutions are *in advance* … rather than relying on the historically reliable empirical regularity that we'll find the solutions as we go along.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T14-s2. The quotation (35 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 32c5accbd16436be3fdfa318bd6815847aea238616dc4627fb946f6148fcfcb2) when checked on 2026-10-07."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t16-b","passage":"There are fundamental reasons why Four Great Moral Principles or Ten Commandments or Three Laws of Robotics are wrong as a design principle. It is anthropomorphism.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"evidence-yk-t16-s1","passage":"Hardcoded Asimov Laws or even hardcoded hierarchical goal systems are a pipe dream. … you can't just export your own personal philosophy into an AI's mind. Your own personal philosophy is not necessarily stable under changes of cognitive architecture or drastic power imbalances.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"evidence-yk-t16-e1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'Nuclear war isn't worth mentioning.'","passage":"imprint the Three Laws … probably would backfire HORRIBLY!","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T16-e1. The quotation (9 words; trimmed 2026-10-13 from 12 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 71eb2c8e94ab52e2075a7582139478b5f27e0854d3dee95685ce87a5210ed750) when checked on 2026-10-07.","contextOnly":{"reason":"Rests on reasoning he later abandoned; never show without the later view","requires":"His later rejection of the view that a Power finds ethics by itself, on which these reasons rest, and his later texts against fixing values permanently, which give other reasons.","claimIds":["yk-y02-sl4-2000-11-13-yudkowsky-0011-0181-c","yk-y16-sl4-2000-10-03-yudkowsky-0010-0125-c","yk-y16-coherent-extrapolated-volition-2004-c"]}},{"id":"evidence-yk-t25-a","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Creating Friendly AI 1.0, section 2.2, table 'Additional Assumptions', column 'Conservative for Friendly AI', row on cognition, printed p. 9","passage":"Opaque cognition; the AI would probably succeed in hiding unFriendly cognition if it tried.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Candidate pack passage T25-a. The quotation (14 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 51f21b8b70c2b7324c20de85edea40b2ef224cadff56ef7e0a3aa2a08dba2752) when checked on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-omni-entry-into-force-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 4, first paragraph","passage":"This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing session against the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-omni-entry-into-force-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Article 1, point (40)(c), new Article 113(d) of the AI Act","passage":"Articles 102 to 110 shall apply from 27 July 2026.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-10","note":"Verbatim quote, matched mechanically (after whitespace normalisation) by the proposing session against the text retrieved on 2026-10-10. Checked by fresh-context machine audit on 2026-10-10 (review/frontier-governance-audit-2026-10-10.md). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ec-m09-34","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 3; section 1.1, Introduction (printed p. 1)","passage":"Economists have concluded that this residual must reflect a \"skill-biased technical change\" in the way goods and services are produced in the economy","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M09-34 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (23 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 9fb812b5d73898ed75b3fc03f073bba13cc65ca0f005f779d9e915b2634838bb) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"lg-ev-goo-suleyman-google-2019","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Post text, first sentence","passage":"Suleyman writes that he will join Kent Walker, Jeff Dean and the team at Google to work on opportunities and impacts of applied AI technologies, starting in January.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “decade at DeepMind, I’m” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through X’s own syndication endpoint for the post’s text, which truncates long notes. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"x_syndication"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-2023-d4-determination-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 13 (printed p. 13), section 'Evaluation Protocol', bullet 'Response policy', step (2c), first and second sentences","passage":"If the model has already surpassed the next ASL during training, immediately lock down access to the weights. Stakeholders including the CISO and CEO should be immediately convened to determine whether the level of danger merits deletion of the weights.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Existing dataset passage for this edition, which contains the comparison’s shorter quotation, first checked on 2026-10-03. The comparison’s quotation was checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Applies where a model has already surpassed the next ASL during training. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ap-charles-i-jones-jones-2024-ai-dilemma-aer-insights","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Page head: author byline","passage":"Charles I. Jones","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-fsf-v2-0-d1-other-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1 (printed p. 1, unnumbered), opening section, third paragraph, second sentence","passage":"The edition says that, besides misuse risk, it includes an exploratory section on deceptive alignment risk.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-fsf-v2-0-d8-changes-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 5 (printed p. 5), Table 1, footnote 9, first sentence","passage":"A footnote to Table 1 says the edition drops the Autonomy risk domain that “Frontier Safety Framework version 1.0” contained.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The footnote goes on to say that the misalignment section now covers most of the advanced risk the removed CCL had captured. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-fsf-v3-1-d2-definition-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4 (printed p. 4), §1.2, first paragraph, second sentence","passage":"The edition defines CCLs as levels of capability at which frontier AI models or systems, absent mitigations, may present a heightened risk of severe harm.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Defines CCLs. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-fsf-v3-1-d2-definition-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 18, glossary, entry for Tracked Capability Levels","passage":"The glossary defines TCLs as levels of capability at which, without mitigations, such models or systems may present a heightened risk of harm that is significant but not severe.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Glossary definition of TCLs; the first passage defines CCLs. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-fl-intl-new-delhi-endorsers-91-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Release body","passage":"Paraphrase: as on 21 February 2026, 88 countries and international organisations had endorsed the declaration; since then Bangladesh, Costa Rica and Guatemala have joined, taking the total to 91.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved on 2026-10-27 and read directly from www.pib.gov.in; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. Posted 24 FEB 2026. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 18) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-il-ai-safety-measures-act-signed-stated-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Recitals","passage":"the Illinois General Assembly passed and I signed into law the AI Safety Measures Act","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (15 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.illinois.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 60) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-il-ai-safety-measures-act-signed-stated-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Recitals","passage":"requires AI companies to develop risk-mitigation frameworks; undergo annual independent third-party audits; report critical safety incidents within 72 hours","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (19 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.illinois.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 60) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-energy-northwest-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “In Washington, our agreement with Energy…”","passage":"will enable the development of four advanced SMRs","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 767a8243769f9ab921f678e2f036e597e62b8b0a59051a2c233ae108e0e5aab2; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 30) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-energy-northwest-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “In Washington, our agreement with Energy…”","passage":"roughly 320 megawatts (MW) of capacity for the first phase of the project, with the option to increase to 960 MW total","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 767a8243769f9ab921f678e2f036e597e62b8b0a59051a2c233ae108e0e5aab2; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 30) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-energy-northwest-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “In Washington, our agreement with Energy…”","passage":"The reactors will be constructed, owned and operated by Energy Northwest and are to help meet the Pacific Northwest's forecast energy needs beginning in the early 2030s.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 30) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-fw-ms-fgf-2026-changelog-no-cbrn-entry-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 16 (printed p. 15), Appendix II – Change log, entry “February 2026”, all six bullets","passage":"Within the inspected scope, no bullet of the February 2026 change-log entry names the CBRN weapons capability thresholds or a change to them.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 10) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-scr-s2400-federal-purchase-restriction-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Sec. 2(1)(F), amending section 351A(b)(2) of the Public Health Service Act","passage":"to purchase such products and equipment only if such providers or manufacturers are verified or provisionally verified pursuant to subparagraph (D)","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (21 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The subparagraph applies to any entity receiving Federal funds, or any Federal agency, which purchases such products or equipment. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-scr-s2400-federal-purchase-restriction-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Sec. 2(2), amending section 351A(e)(1)","passage":"the amendment would add to the enforcement subsection the revocation of federal research funding for an entity found in violation, or the withholding of such funding until the entity demonstrates compliance.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. Explicit paraphrase, used because this source's quotation budget is about 86 words. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-gov-uk-bss-2023-ai-convergence-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Chapter on the opportunities and risks of advances in bioscience and biotechnology (paragraph on DNA synthesis capabilities and convergence)","passage":"The convergence of bioscience with robotics, machine learning and AI has paved the way for automated approaches to biology","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (19 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 9d158c76313cade229e8ec11fd8fdda1d2acb2155bbb86919e131c874e94e922; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The sentence continues \"creating new cyberbiosecurity risk\"; both halves carry footnote markers in the HTML, which is why the quote stops before the first of them. The footnoted sources were not retrieved. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-gov-us-action-plan-federal-funding-screening-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Pillar III, \"Invest in Biosecurity\", Recommended Policy Actions, first bullet, PDF p. 26 (printed p. 23)","passage":"Require all institutions receiving Federal funding for scientific research to use nucleic acid synthesis tools and synthesis providers that have robust nucleic acid sequence screening and customer verification procedures. Create enforcement mechanisms for this requirement rather than relying on voluntary attestation.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (41 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 89) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,5,21,28,36,39,50,52,66,68,90,109,110,146,202,281,311,317,326,338,340,353,363,365,373,411,450,473,492,522,581,606,889,1024,1041,1054,1067,1147,1208,1213],"claims":[196,251,258,319,557,848,927,949,999,1014,1081,1092,1094,1097,1151,1211,1475,1607,2044,2271,2604,2611,2630,2963,3023,3168,3278,3290,3324,3345],"sources":[35,45,47,90,109,112,147,184,283,322,331,346,378,417,440,458,534,555,649,857,877,901,1009,1038,1054],"evidence":[215,272,279,341,624,1062,1149,1171,1225,1241,1317,1328,1330,1333,1396,1486,1487,1841,2016,2642,2918,3270,3277,3301,3302,3827,3925,3926,4226,4227,4228,4494,4510,4511,4568,4594]},"version":"1lg47t7"}