{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI"},{"id":"ilya-sutskever","name":"Ilya Sutskever"},{"id":"eliezer-yudkowsky","name":"Eliezer Yudkowsky"},{"id":"rsp-v2-1","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.1"},{"id":"fsf-v3-0","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v3.0"},{"id":"scaling-laws","name":"Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models"},{"id":"compute-optimal-language-models","name":"Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models"},{"id":"superalignment-announcement","name":"Introducing Superalignment"},{"id":"rlhf","name":"Reinforcement learning from human feedback"},{"id":"meta","name":"Meta"},{"id":"california-sb-53","name":"California SB 53 (2025): Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, as chaptered"},{"id":"openai-gp-llc","name":"OpenAI GP LLC"},{"id":"openai-opco-llc","name":"OpenAI OpCo, LLC"},{"id":"european-commission","name":"European Commission"},{"id":"dartmouth-proposal-1955","name":"A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence"},{"id":"mccullough-1992-real-life-turing-test-reply","name":"Re: Real-life Turing Test (McCullough)"},{"id":"extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5142","name":"Re: Goal-based AI"},{"id":"extropians-1998-06-23-sandberg","name":"Re: The AI revolution (Was: Re: >H ART: The Truman Show)"},{"id":"extropians-1998-09-16-vinge","name":"Singularity: Vinge responds"},{"id":"yudkowsky-2008-recursive-self-improvement","name":"Recursive Self-Improvement"},{"id":"rlo-2019-introduction","name":"Risks from Learned Optimization: Introduction"},{"id":"fast-or-hard-takeoff","name":"Fast or hard takeoff"},{"id":"race-compression","name":"Strategic or race compression"},{"id":"behavioural-tests-as-evidence","name":"Behavioural tests as evidence of what a system is"},{"id":"switch-off-if-dangerous","name":"Switching it off if it becomes dangerous"},{"id":"coherent-extrapolated-volition-2004","name":"Coherent Extrapolated Volition"},{"id":"sl4-2000-09-17-yudkowsky-0009-0092","name":"Re: Get it right the first time (Was: )"},{"id":"ai-as-task-automation","name":"AI as the automation of tasks"},{"id":"automation-lowers-labour-income","name":"Automation lowers the labour share, wages or employment"},{"id":"acemoglu-restrepo-2019-automation-and-new-tasks","name":"Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor"},{"id":"acemoglu-restrepo-2018-race-between-man-and-machine","name":"The Race between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment"},{"id":"frey-osborne-2013-future-of-employment","name":"The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?"},{"id":"economics-engagement-with-superintelligence","name":"Economics’ engagement with superintelligence, AGI and the singularity"},{"id":"jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk","name":"How Much Should We Spend to Reduce A.I.'s Existential Risk?"},{"id":"character-ai","name":"Character.AI"},{"id":"noam-shazeer","name":"Noam Shazeer"},{"id":"tencent","name":"Tencent / 腾讯"},{"id":"yao-shunyu","name":"Yao Shunyu"},{"id":"daron-acemoglu","name":"Daron Acemoglu"},{"id":"scott-garrabrant","name":"Scott Garrabrant"},{"id":"marvin-minsky","name":"Marvin Minsky"},{"id":"vernor-vinge","name":"Vernor Vinge"},{"id":"bletchley-declaration-2023","name":"The Bletchley Declaration by Countries Attending the AI Safety Summit, 1–2 November 2023"},{"id":"axiom-odc-nodes","name":"Axiom Space ODC Nodes 1 and 2 (ARC 1 and ARC 2)"},{"id":"axiom-space","name":"Axiom Space"},{"id":"constellation-energy","name":"Constellation Energy Corporation"},{"id":"brent-mckelvey-foundation-models-2025-06","name":"Contemporary AI foundation models increase biological weapons risk"},{"id":"ab-prop-current-system-uplift","name":"Currently available AI systems increase an actor's biological-misuse capability"}],"claims":[{"id":"ilya-sutskever-openai-superalignment-2023","statement":"OpenAI’s Superalignment announcement names Ilya Sutskever as a co-lead of the new team.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Team leadership within OpenAI, not a separate employer, ownership stake or proof of the team’s stated outcomes.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ilya-sutskever-openai-superalignment-2023"],"attributes":{"role":"Superalignment co-lead"}},{"id":"lineage-chinchilla-cites-scaling","statement":"Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models cites Scaling Laws while contrasting compute-allocation findings.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit work-level reference only; neither agreement nor a causal influence claim. The citing text does not identify a particular arXiv revision of the target. A critical citation, not endorsement; the authors’ disagreement is not itself independent adjudication of either study.","evidenceIds":["evidence-lineage-chinchilla-cites-scaling"]},{"id":"lineage-superalignment-discusses-rlhf","statement":"Introducing Superalignment argues that current alignment techniques including RLHF will not scale to superintelligence because they rely on human supervision that the authors expect to become unreliable for much smarter systems.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An attributed criticism of supervision limits, not rejection of every use of RLHF, proof of the prediction, or a new method’s implementation. Mutable page; exact 2023 expression not authenticated.","evidenceIds":["evidence-lineage-superalignment-discusses-rlhf"]},{"id":"atlas-openai-scaling","statement":"OpenAI published its institutional release of Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Institutional release date; the paper’s earlier arXiv version date remains separate. Existing paper citations and method-use records are reused.","evidenceIds":["evidence-atlas-openai-scaling"]},{"id":"absent-fsf-v3-0-response-plan-approval","statement":"No passage stating the provision “Response plans approved by named corporate governance bodies” was found in FSF · v3.0 within the inspected scope.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: FSF · v2.0 states this provision. The inspected scope of FSF · v3.0 was: PDF pp. 1–16, all sections, tables and footnotes. Method: Read §1.4 Response Plans and Mitigations (PDF p. 6) and Section 5 (PDF p. 16) in full; searched for “Council”, “approv”, “response plan” and “governance”. No passage stating that response plans are reviewed or approved by corporate governance bodies, or naming the Google DeepMind AGI Safety Council, Responsibility and Safety Council or Google Trust & Compliance Council, was found; the governance references found concern the appropriate governance function’s safety case reviews (§2.1.2, §3.1.2) and review of Framework updates by appropriate corporate governance bodies (§5.1). The conclusion is bounded by that scope and method.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A recorded absence within the stated scope: not a claim that the provision was deleted, and not a statement about practice or intent.","evidenceIds":["evidence-absent-fsf-v3-0-response-plan-approval"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"fsf-response-plan-approval"}}},{"id":"prov-rsp-v2-1-restrict-and-pause","statement":"RSP v2.1 states that if Anthropic is unable to make the showing required in its Safeguards Decision process, it will restrict model deployment and further scaling.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-rsp-v2-1-restrict-and-pause"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"rsp-restrict-and-pause"}}},{"id":"sb-anonymous-internal-reporting","statement":"SB 53 requires a large frontier developer to provide a reasonable internal process through which a covered employee may anonymously disclose information the employee believes in good faith shows a specific and substantial danger to public health or safety resulting from a catastrophic risk, or a violation of the Act (Bus. & Prof. Code ch. 25.1). The process must give the discloser a monthly update on the investigation and actions taken, and disclosures and responses must be shared with the developer's officers and directors at least quarterly, except an officer or director whose wrongdoing is alleged.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the enacted text states, quoted from the chaptered expression. It is not evidence that the statute applies to any named developer, or of compliance, enforcement or effect. This is a statutory requirement only. It is not evidence that any developer has set up or operates such a process. 'Covered employee' has a narrow definition: an employee responsible for assessing, managing, or addressing risk of critical safety incidents (Lab. Code § 1107(b)). The provision therefore does not cover all employees. The applicability of the separate Lab. Code § 1102.5 protections to other employees is not addressed here. Framework texts that describe similar internal reporting channels are not evidence that they respond to this provision unless they say so explicitly.","evidenceIds":["evidence-sb-anonymous-internal-reporting-1","evidence-sb-anonymous-internal-reporting-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"sb53-anonymous-internal-disclosure-process","parties":[{"role":"informed","actor":"Officers and directors of the large frontier developer, except any officer or director whose wrongdoing is alleged in a disclosure or response"}]}}},{"id":"cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco","statement":"The UK Competition and Markets Authority states that under the 2023 LLC Agreement the strategic direction, management and day-to-day operation of OpenAI OpCo LLC are controlled by OpenAI GP LLC as its Manager, which is in turn wholly owned and controlled by OpenAI Nonprofit, and that members’ voting rights are restricted to matters related to typical financial investor protections.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The regulator’s description of agreements it reviewed; the LLC Agreement itself was not inspected, and parts of the CMA’s account are redacted. In the same decision the CMA concluded that Microsoft has material influence over OpenAI OpCo’s commercial policy but does not exercise de facto control over it; that finding is not recorded as a control right or as its absence. The 2023 court disclosure names OpenAI, Inc. and OpenAI GP, L.L.C. as OpenAI OpCo’s parent companies (context below).","evidenceIds":["evidence-cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco-1","evidence-cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco-2"],"attributes":{"control":{"right":"controls","instrument":"2023 LLC Agreement: OpenAI GP LLC as Manager (as described by the UK CMA)","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"ts-c1-mccullough-1992-contests","statement":"McCullough’s 1992 reply denies that the Boston competition was a serious conversation test, and argues that the judges who were not fooled show that humans and computers could be distinguished by behavioural tests.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Relies on the same reported split of judges, which is not independently verified.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-c1-mccullough-1992-contests"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"The split among judges is offered as evidence that behavioural tests can still tell machines apart.","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Gives a reason against the premise that the competition shows behavioural tests cannot tell machines from people: the judges who were not fooled show that the two could be distinguished."}}}},{"id":"ts-a6-sandberg-1998-contests","statement":"Sandberg’s reply of 1998-06-23 asks whether an above-human-level AI with nasty goals would have a decisive advantage in a world with many human-level AIs, and says its author has seen no believable analysis showing it.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A contesting argument, not evidence about what any developer did; the reply also answers the safety-sacrifice claim with \"Do they?\".","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a6-sandberg-1998-contests"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"Questions the decisive-advantage premise.","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Gives reasons against the premise that a more intelligent AI would gain a decisive advantage: greater intelligence does not always outsmart lesser, as defeated generals show, a lone superintelligence may lose to many opponents, and risk-taking is itself subject to rational limits."}}}},{"id":"ts-a4-yudkowsky-2008-rsi","statement":"Yudkowsky’s post of 2008-12-01 says that at some point AI development is likely to see a fast, local increase in capability, \"AI go FOOM\", and that fast means weeks or hours rather than years or decades.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"States the claim with an explicit timescale; it argues and does not report evidence.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a4-yudkowsky-2008-rsi"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"yk-y01-sl4-2000-09-17-yudkowsky-0009-0092-c","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: Get it right the first time (Was: )” (2000-09-17) contests Y01. Replying to xgl, who argued that a confined seed AI would still be unable to do some things (such as transmit signals without a hardware transmitter), he says unanticipated escape routes cannot be ruled out with a real superintelligence and that the design must be right from the start rather than relying on containment.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: A capable goal-directed system will not act to prevent its own shutdown or modification, and a shutdown or correction mechanism can simply be added to it. Replying to the point that a confined seed AI is not omnipotent; the same 2006-era argument does not dismiss shutdown mechanisms: in an SL4 message of 2006-06-06 he asked for built-in emergency-shutdown features.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t01-s1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that a capable goal-directed system will not act to prevent its own shutdown or modification, and a shutdown or correction mechanism can simply be added to it."}}}},{"id":"ec-m02-frey-osborne-2013-future-of-employment-a","statement":"Frey and Osborne, “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?” (2013-09-17) articulates M02. Extending the Autor-Levy-Murnane task model, the authors argue that machine learning lets computer capital substitute for labour in non-routine as well as routine tasks, limited only by perception/manipulation, creative and social-intelligence bottlenecks.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Oxford Martin School working paper dated September 17, 2013 (file served by the Oxford Martin School CDN); not the later journal version (Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2017), whose wording may differ.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m02-08"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Scholarly working paper with an economist author: Frey, an economic historian at the Oxford Martin School (D2, 2026-10-11, confirmed); Osborne is an engineer."},"conditions":"Computer capital supplied perfectly elastically at a falling price; workers reallocate by comparative advantage."}}},{"id":"ec-m06a-acemoglu-restrepo-2018-race-between-man-and-machine-a","statement":"Acemoglu and Restrepo, “The Race between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment” (2018-06) articulates M06a. In the static model automation lowers employment and the labour share and may reduce wages, while new tasks push the other way.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Abstract page only (AEA website, American Economic Review 108(6), June 2018, pp. 1488–1542); full article not inspected. Published version of NBER w22252. Model comparative static.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m06a-15"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"AER (core venue)."},"conditions":"Static version with fixed capital and exogenous technology; creation of new tasks has the opposite effects."}}},{"id":"ec-e05-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk-b","statement":"Jones, “How Much Should We Spend to Reduce A.I.'s Existential Risk?” (2025-03) bears on E05. Related-literature paragraph that also cites Aschenbrenner (2020), Aschenbrenner and Trammell (2024) and Martin and Pindyck.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"NBER w33602, March 2025. E05 boundary, option A (maintainer decision of 2026-10-15): bears on E05, because \"often outside of economics\" describes the coverage of a cited review rather than economics' engagement. It is the closest case under option A; it postdates Nordhaus (2015), the earliest located tier-1 text for E05, so no role depends on it.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e05-27"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Says much of the work on AI existential risk lies outside economics; it is a remark on a review, not a statement that economics neglected the topic.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Jones is an economist."}}}},{"id":"lg-gc-yao-shunyu-tencent-llm-head-2025","statement":"Science and Technology Innovation Board Daily (科创板日报) reported on 17 December 2025 that Yao Shunyu also became head of Tencent’s AI Infra Department and Large Language Model Department.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on reporting of Tencent’s internal announcement, which was not retrieved. The departments’ staffing and the end of the role are not established. English rendering of the Chinese passage is a machine translation; no human translation review.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gc-yao-shunyu-tencent-llm-head-2025"],"attributes":{"role":"负责人 (head), AI Infra部 and 大语言模型部 (AI Infra Department; Large Language Model Department)"}},{"id":"lg-deal-shazeer-cofounded-character-ai","statement":"Noam Shazeer wrote in Character's introductory post of 5 December 2022 that he and his co-founder Daniel de Freitas had started Character.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The post is written in the first person by Shazeer (it describes his Google work and co-invention of Transformers) and is signed by Noam Shazeer, Daniel de Freitas and the Character team. It does not give a founding date or Shazeer's title.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-deal-shazeer-cofounded-character-ai"],"attributes":{"role":"co-founder"}},{"id":"ap-daron-acemoglu-acemoglu-restrepo-2019-automation-and-new-tasks","statement":"The NBER working paper “Automation and New Tasks: How Technology Displaces and Reinstates Labor” (2019-03) credits Daron Acemoglu as one of its 2 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-daron-acemoglu-acemoglu-restrepo-2019-automation-and-new-tasks"]},{"id":"ap-scott-garrabrant-rlo-2019-introduction","statement":"“Risks from Learned Optimization: Introduction” (2019-05-31) credits Scott Garrabrant as one of its 5 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-scott-garrabrant-rlo-2019-introduction"]},{"id":"ap-marvin-minsky-dartmouth-proposal-1955","statement":"“A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence” (1955-08-31) credits M. L. Minsky as one of its 4 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-marvin-minsky-dartmouth-proposal-1955"]},{"id":"ap-vernor-vinge-extropians-1998-09-16-vinge","statement":"The Extropians message “Singularity: Vinge responds” (1998-09-16), sent by Robin Hanson, forwards a text that it attributes to Vinge and that is signed “Vernor”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-vernor-vinge-extropians-1998-09-16-vinge"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5142","statement":"The Extropians message “Re: Goal-based AI” of 1996-12-31, archive message 5142, is sent under the name Eliezer Yudkowsky.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5142"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-coherent-extrapolated-volition-2004","statement":"“Coherent Extrapolated Volition” (2004-05) credits Eliezer Yudkowsky as its author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited authorship of this expression; it says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-coherent-extrapolated-volition-2004"]},{"id":"fl-intl-bletchley-private-transparency","statement":"The Bletchley Declaration's agenda for addressing frontier AI risk includes, under building risk-based policies, increased transparency by private actors developing frontier AI capabilities.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An agenda item for participating governments, not a transparency obligation on any developer.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-intl-bletchley-private-transparency-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"intl-bletchley-private-transparency"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap","statement":"The Commission announced on 3 June 2026, as part of its tech sovereignty package, a Strategic Roadmap for Digitalisation and AI in the Energy Sector, stating that growth of digital infrastructure is expected to increase electricity demand and that the roadmap will ensure data centres are integrated into the energy system in a sustainable and transparent manner.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Rests on the press release; the roadmap text was not retrieved (digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu refuses). A roadmap is a non-legislative plan. The Cloud and AI Development Act proposed the same day, with its aim to triple EU data-centre capacity in five to seven years, is not recorded here.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-1","evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-2","evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-3","evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-4"]},{"id":"cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton","statement":"Constellation and Meta announced on 3 June 2025 that they had signed a 20-year power purchase agreement for the output of the Clinton Clean Energy Center in Illinois, 1,121 MW, beginning in June 2027, with Meta purchasing the plant's clean energy attributes.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The power continues to flow onto the local grid; Meta buys the clean energy attributes. A 30 MW uprate is planned. Meta's representative ties the agreement to its AI ambitions; no data-centre site is named.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-1","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-2","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-3","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-4","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-5"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":1121,"unit":"megawatts of emissions-free nuclear energy","bound":"exact","measures":"generation_capacity"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"delivery_target","date":"2027-06","statedBy":"constellation-energy"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"ppa"},"term":"20 years"}},{"id":"cpo-orb-axiom-odc-plan","statement":"Axiom Space announced on 7 April 2025 the upcoming launch of its first two Orbital Data Center nodes to low Earth orbit by the end of 2025, as part of Kepler Communications' optical relay constellation.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A target in an announcement; the nodes' compute capacity is not stated. The launch is recorded separately.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-odc-plan-1","evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-odc-plan-2"],"attributes":{"statedDates":[{"kind":"launch_target","date":"2025","statedBy":"axiom-space"}]}},{"id":"cpo-orb-axiom-arc-operating","statement":"Axiom Space stated on 6 October 2026 that it operates two ARCs on orbit and has confirmed ARC-to-ARC and ARC-to-ground communications.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An operator statement of operation and of communications tests; Axiom states no specific AI workload run on the ARCs. A Kepler executive quoted in the release says Kepler's on-orbit compute supports workloads such as AI/ML processing and is already in orbit; that is Kepler's general statement, not a reported ARC workload. Axiom describes the network as its current prototype infrastructure; its post-quantum migration demonstration was on the ground.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-arc-operating-1","evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-arc-operating-2","evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-arc-operating-3","evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-arc-operating-4"]},{"id":"ab-arg-d1-brent-articulates","statement":"The RAND working paper \"Contemporary AI foundation models increase biological weapons risk\" (WR-A3853-1, arXiv v1 of 12 June 2025) states that contemporary AI models can meaningfully contribute to biological weapons development, against published safety assessments that assert minimal risk.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record documents what this working paper states. The paper's own cover marks it as not formally reviewed or edited. The record is not evidence that the proposition is true and implies no influence between texts. The paper's summary and body contain technical content, including named model dialogues about a specific laboratory task. Only the summary's argument-level sentences are cited; the technical content was excluded and is not paraphrased.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-arg-d1-brent-articulates-1","evidence-ab-arg-d1-brent-articulates-2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"Stated as a finding of the paper's own model dialogues, which are not described here."}}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-rsp-2-1","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.1","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v2.1; effective date 2025-03-31.","versionDate":"2025-03-31","canonicalUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/17310f6d70ae5627f55313ed067afc1a762a4068.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/17310f6d70ae5627f55313ed067afc1a762a4068.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250402134435/https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/17310f6d70ae5627f55313ed067afc1a762a4068.pdf","archivedAt":"2025-04-02","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.1.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. 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Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5142","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-coherent-extrapolated-volition-2004","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF text layer, first two pages: author name on the title page or first page","passage":"Eliezer Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-intl-bletchley-private-transparency-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Second agenda bullet ('building respective risk-based policies')","passage":"alongside increased transparency by private actors developing frontier AI capabilities","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (10 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from www.gov.uk. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paragraph before also encourages 'all relevant actors' to provide context-appropriate transparency and accountability on plans to measure, monitor and mitigate harmful capabilities (paraphrase). No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"opening section","passage":"the package includes the Chips Act 2.0 and Cloud and AI Development Act proposals, the Open Source Strategy and a Strategic Roadmap for Digitalisation and AI in Energy.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"section 'Digitalising Europe's energy system while ensuring sustainable digitalisation'","passage":"the growth of digital infrastructure across our continent is expected to increase demand for electricity","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (15 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 5cfbb68f57d2c66a2cc1f7b7ca3424356cec8a1fa0df630df4c0875023270311; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"same section","passage":"This roadmap will ensure that data centres are integrated into our energy system in a sustainable and transparent manner.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (19 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 5cfbb68f57d2c66a2cc1f7b7ca3424356cec8a1fa0df630df4c0875023270311; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-4","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"section \"Building Europe's cloud and AI capacity\"","passage":"the Cloud and AI Development Act aims to triple data centre capacity in Europe over the next five to seven years.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “CLINTON, IL – JUNE 3, 2025…”","passage":"Constellation (Nasdaq: CEG) and Meta have signed a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) for the output of the Clinton Clean Energy Center","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “CLINTON, IL – JUNE 3, 2025…”","passage":"1,121 megawatts of emissions-free nuclear energy. Beginning in June of 2027","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (11 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning “The Clinton Clean Energy Center was…”","passage":"Meta is purchasing the plant’s clean energy attributes","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-4","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning ““We are excited to partner with…”","passage":"Securing clean, reliable energy is necessary to continue advancing our AI ambitions","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (12 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-5","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"paragraph on the deal","passage":"the release says the deal will expand Clinton's clean energy output by 30 megawatts through plant uprates.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-odc-plan-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 1","passage":"announced today the upcoming launch of its first two Orbital Data Center (ODC) nodes to low-Earth orbit (LEO), by the end of this year","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (24 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 417e035f07e507ced7390772ded7fec691b494bb959dd889d937568798d305f7; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-odc-plan-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph after the Aspiotis quotation","passage":"ODC Nodes 1 and 2 will be part of the Kepler Communications optical relay network constellation scheduled to launch by the end of the year.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (25 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 417e035f07e507ced7390772ded7fec691b494bb959dd889d937568798d305f7; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-arc-operating-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 2","passage":"Axiom Space currently operates two ARCs on orbit, launched earlier this year as part of Kepler Communications' optical data relay satellite constellation","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 b8341231fa6f280f51377c8ab6c6abe0b83dbed07ae4d64e62e90b5a5fac47af; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 76) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-arc-operating-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 2","passage":"The company has confirmed ARC-to-ARC and ARC-to-ground communications","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 b8341231fa6f280f51377c8ab6c6abe0b83dbed07ae4d64e62e90b5a5fac47af; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 76) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-arc-operating-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Kepler quotation (Caitlin Marsh)","passage":"On-orbit compute is a core capability of Kepler’s constellation, supporting customer workloads such as orchestration and AI/ML processing in space.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (20 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 b8341231fa6f280f51377c8ab6c6abe0b83dbed07ae4d64e62e90b5a5fac47af; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 76) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-axiom-arc-operating-4","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"paragraph on next milestones","passage":"scale the ARC network from its current prototype infrastructure","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (9 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 b8341231fa6f280f51377c8ab6c6abe0b83dbed07ae4d64e62e90b5a5fac47af; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 76) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-arg-d1-brent-articulates-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Summary, p. iv (PDF p. 4)","passage":"In finding that contemporary AI models can meaningfully contribute to biological weapons development, our analysis challenges the results of published safety assessments that assert that these models pose minimal risk.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (30 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The text is the primary source for its own statement. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 115) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-arg-d1-brent-articulates-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Submission history block, v1 entry","passage":"[v1] Thu, 12 Jun 2025","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (5 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 63834668f90e3a0e80b98abc1ee48e42834a3ecc9060acc685a1a048bafb24e2; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Added after the audit of 2026-10-28: the day of the date rested on no cited passage. Cited for the submission date only; the retrieved PDF carries no arXiv stamp and its cover gives only the month. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 115) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,15,19,43,51,85,88,95,98,157,205,209,210,234,261,278,295,300,305,316,330,339,341,347,350,382,449,514,518,549,558,563,589,602,644,755,809,830,848,882,901,933,1018,1135,1136,1140,1235,1254],"claims":[168,191,217,288,493,530,619,632,831,893,925,988,1320,1403,1562,1818,1958,2176,2237,2292,2345,2353,2418,2938,3174,3185,3225,3227,3431],"sources":[37,46,79,88,95,128,191,208,209,261,280,297,303,308,321,335,345,416,501,511,516,551,591,613,848,931,998,1006,1025,1076,1077],"evidence":[187,210,236,309,524,596,722,723,756,757,1042,1110,1147,1214,1651,1749,1955,2337,2531,2821,2884,2939,2992,3000,3065,3797,4246,4247,4248,4249,4287,4288,4289,4290,4291,4412,4413,4417,4418,4419,4420,4732,4733]},"version":"1lg47t7"}