{"index":{"byClaim":[["prov-ms-fgf-2025-deployment-decision-authority",["documents:frontier-safety-frameworks"]],["prov-preparedness-v2-final-decision-authority",["documents:frontier-safety-frameworks"]],["cm-seoul-google",["commitments:external-commitments"]],["cm-seoul-nvidia",["commitments:external-commitments"]],["ts-a2-turing-1947-context",["propositions:superintelligence"]],["ts-a2-good-1965-context",["propositions:superintelligence"]],["ts-a4-vinge-1983-context",["propositions:superintelligence","propositions:risk-debate"]],["ts-b2-yudkowsky-1996-12-31-5159",["propositions:superintelligence"]],["ts-a1-hanson-1998-09-24-contests",["propositions:superintelligence"]],["yk-y08-ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk-c",["propositions:yudkowsky-arguments"]],["yk-y08-lw-2017-theres-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial-c",["propositions:yudkowsky-arguments"]],["yk-y24-sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551-a",["propositions:yudkowsky-arguments"]],["yk-y24-time-2023-shut-it-all-down-c",["propositions:yudkowsky-arguments"]],["ec-m06b-acemoglu-restrepo-2019-wrong-kind-of-ai-b",["propositions:economics-of-machine-intelligence"]],["cmp-rsp-v3-4-d7-internal",["compare:frontier-safety-frameworks"]],["fl-intl-paris-statement-published",["guide:frontier-frameworks-and-law"]],["fl-us-ai-action-plan-state-funding",["guide:frontier-frameworks-and-law"]],["aib-arg-p2-ahlmann-eltze-2025",["propositions:ai-in-science"]],["rd-r07-altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1",["propositions:risk-debate"]],["rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking",["propositions:risk-debate"]],["rd-r10a-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai",["propositions:risk-debate"]],["rd-r17-bostrom-2017-openness",["propositions:risk-debate"]],["rd-r17-bengio-2024-reasoning-arguments",["propositions:risk-debate"]]],"marks":[["good-1965",[{"collectionId":"superintelligence","propositionId":"intelligence-explosion","claimId":"ts-a1-good-1965","text":"Earliest located in Propositions about superintelligence, 1863–2022 for A1 Intelligence explosion"},{"collectionId":"superintelligence","propositionId":"intelligence-explosion","claimId":"ts-a1-good-1965","text":"Earliest located use of the name “intelligence explosion” in Propositions about superintelligence, 1863–2022 for A1 Intelligence explosion"},{"collectionId":"superintelligence","propositionId":"ai-automated-ai-research","claimId":"ts-a5-good-1965","text":"Earliest located in Propositions about superintelligence, 1863–2022 for A5 AI-automated AI research"}]],["ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk",[{"collectionId":"yudkowsky-arguments","propositionId":"agi-decades-away","claimId":"yk-y13-ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk-c","text":"Earliest located text contesting Y13 AGI is decades away, so the problem can wait in Eliezer Yudkowsky’s arguments on common claims about AI, 1996–2026"}]],["aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth",[{"collectionId":"economics-of-machine-intelligence","propositionId":"accelerating-growth-from-automated-research","claimId":"ec-g02-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-a","text":"Earliest located in tier 1 of Economics of machine intelligence for G02 Automated research produces accelerating growth"},{"collectionId":"economics-of-machine-intelligence","propositionId":"accelerating-growth-from-automated-research","claimId":"ec-g02-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-c","text":"Earliest located tier-1 text contesting G02 Automated research produces accelerating growth in Economics of machine intelligence"},{"collectionId":"economics-of-machine-intelligence","propositionId":"other-constraints-prevent-explosive-growth","claimId":"ec-g05-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-a","text":"Earliest located in tier 1 of Economics of machine intelligence for G05 Other constraints prevent explosive growth"},{"collectionId":"economics-of-machine-intelligence","propositionId":"ai-improving-ai-accelerates-capability","claimId":"ec-e01-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-a","text":"Earliest located in tier 1 of Economics of machine intelligence for E01 Machine intelligence improving itself accelerates its capability growth"},{"collectionId":"economics-of-machine-intelligence","propositionId":"ai-improving-ai-accelerates-capability","claimId":"ec-e01-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-c","text":"Earliest located tier-1 text contesting E01 Machine intelligence improving itself accelerates its capability growth in Economics of machine intelligence"}]],["carlsmith-2022-power-seeking",[{"collectionId":"risk-debate","propositionId":"loss-of-control-route","claimId":"rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","text":"Earliest located use of the name “disempowerment” in Arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI for R08 Existential risk from misalignment or loss of control"}]],["pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai",[{"collectionId":"risk-debate","propositionId":"instrumental-convergence","claimId":"rd-r02-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","text":"Earliest located text contesting R02 Instrumental convergence in Arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI"},{"collectionId":"risk-debate","propositionId":"ai-extinction-risk","claimId":"rd-r07-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","text":"Earliest located text contesting R07 Risk of extinction or comparable catastrophe in Arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI"},{"collectionId":"risk-debate","propositionId":"loss-of-control-route","claimId":"rd-r08-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","text":"Earliest located text contesting R08 Existential risk from misalignment or loss of control in Arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI"},{"collectionId":"risk-debate","propositionId":"misuse-route","claimId":"rd-r09-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","text":"Earliest located text contesting R09 Catastrophic risk from misuse in Arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI"}]]],"chronicle":{"years":[{"year":1863,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1865,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1872,"topics":{"ideas":7},"stated":0},{"year":1943,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1947,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1950,"topics":{"ideas":7},"stated":0},{"year":1951,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1952,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1955,"topics":{"ideas":31},"stated":0},{"year":1956,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1957,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1958,"topics":{"ideas":3},"stated":0},{"year":1959,"topics":{"ideas":6},"stated":0},{"year":1960,"topics":{"ideas":11},"stated":0},{"year":1961,"topics":{"ideas":10},"stated":0},{"year":1965,"topics":{"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1966,"topics":{"ideas":20},"stated":0},{"year":1968,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1969,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1971,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1972,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1973,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1974,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1975,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1976,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1977,"topics":{"people":2,"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1979,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1980,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1981,"topics":{"people":2},"stated":0},{"year":1982,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1983,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1984,"topics":{"ideas":21},"stated":0},{"year":1985,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":1986,"topics":{"ideas":18},"stated":0},{"year":1987,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1988,"topics":{"ideas":6},"stated":0},{"year":1989,"topics":{"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1990,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1991,"topics":{"ideas":11},"stated":0},{"year":1992,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":1993,"topics":{"ideas":14,"people":3},"stated":0},{"year":1994,"topics":{"ideas":14},"stated":0},{"year":1995,"topics":{"ideas":10,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":1996,"topics":{"ideas":71},"stated":0},{"year":1997,"topics":{"ideas":12},"stated":0},{"year":1998,"topics":{"ideas":49},"stated":0},{"year":1999,"topics":{"ideas":27,"people":1,"institutions":1},"stated":0},{"year":2000,"topics":{"ideas":62},"stated":0},{"year":2001,"topics":{"ideas":39},"stated":0},{"year":2002,"topics":{"ideas":30},"stated":0},{"year":2003,"topics":{"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":2004,"topics":{"ideas":12,"people":3},"stated":0},{"year":2005,"topics":{"ideas":10,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2006,"topics":{"ideas":26,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2007,"topics":{"ideas":20},"stated":0},{"year":2008,"topics":{"ideas":57,"people":3,"institutions":1},"stated":0},{"year":2009,"topics":{"ideas":10,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2010,"topics":{"people":3,"ideas":11,"institutions":1,"governance":4},"stated":0},{"year":2011,"topics":{"people":3,"ideas":7,"institutions":2},"stated":0},{"year":2012,"topics":{"people":4,"ideas":17,"institutions":2},"stated":0},{"year":2013,"topics":{"ideas":46,"people":4,"institutions":2,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2014,"topics":{"institutions":2,"ideas":54,"people":5},"stated":0},{"year":2015,"topics":{"people":22,"ideas":122,"institutions":3,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2016,"topics":{"ideas":88,"people":2},"stated":0},{"year":2017,"topics":{"people":16,"institutions":2,"ideas":128,"governance":2},"stated":0},{"year":2018,"topics":{"people":8,"ideas":158,"institutions":8,"governance":1},"stated":0},{"year":2019,"topics":{"capital":1,"compute":1,"people":10,"governance":19,"ideas":175,"institutions":4},"stated":0},{"year":2020,"topics":{"people":6,"ideas":98,"institutions":1,"governance":2},"stated":0},{"year":2021,"topics":{"people":27,"ideas":177,"compute":1,"institutions":23,"governance":4,"capital":6},"stated":0},{"year":2022,"topics":{"people":15,"ideas":217,"institutions":6,"governance":3,"compute":2,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2023,"topics":{"capital":5,"compute":7,"institutions":23,"people":51,"governance":179,"ideas":389},"stated":0},{"year":2024,"topics":{"capital":12,"compute":19,"governance":282,"people":80,"ideas":178,"institutions":28},"stated":1},{"year":2025,"topics":{"governance":547,"compute":69,"capital":34,"people":90,"institutions":18,"ideas":178},"stated":7},{"year":2026,"topics":{"governance":442,"capital":8,"compute":32,"institutions":21,"ideas":91,"people":107},"stated":19},{"year":2027,"topics":{},"stated":9},{"year":2028,"topics":{},"stated":6},{"year":2029,"topics":{},"stated":3},{"year":2030,"topics":{},"stated":3},{"year":2032,"topics":{},"stated":2},{"year":2035,"topics":{},"stated":2},{"year":2039,"topics":{},"stated":1},{"year":2042,"topics":{},"stated":1},{"year":2050,"topics":{},"stated":1}],"scheduled":[],"statedBy":[]},"collections":[{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"superintelligence"},"title":"Propositions about superintelligence, 1863–2022","claimIds":["ts-a2-turing-1947-context","ts-a2-good-1965-context","ts-a4-vinge-1983-context","ts-b2-yudkowsky-1996-12-31-5159","ts-a1-hanson-1998-09-24-contests"],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"risk-debate"},"title":"Arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI","claimIds":["ts-a4-vinge-1983-context","rd-r07-altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1","rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","rd-r10a-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","rd-r17-bostrom-2017-openness","rd-r17-bengio-2024-reasoning-arguments"],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"yudkowsky-arguments"},"title":"Eliezer Yudkowsky’s arguments on common claims about AI, 1996–2026","claimIds":["yk-y08-ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk-c","yk-y08-lw-2017-theres-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial-c","yk-y24-sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551-a","yk-y24-time-2023-shut-it-all-down-c"],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"economics-of-machine-intelligence"},"title":"Economics of machine intelligence","claimIds":["ec-m06b-acemoglu-restrepo-2019-wrong-kind-of-ai-b"],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"orbital-compute-arguments"},"title":"Arguments about compute in orbit","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"ai-bio-arguments"},"title":"Arguments about AI and biological risk","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"ai-in-science"},"title":"AI in science","claimIds":["aib-arg-p2-ahlmann-eltze-2025"],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"documents"},"title":"Frontier safety frameworks","claimIds":["prov-ms-fgf-2025-deployment-decision-authority","prov-preparedness-v2-final-decision-authority"]},{"target":{"kind":"compare","id":"frontier-safety-frameworks"},"title":"Compare frameworks","claimIds":["cmp-rsp-v3-4-d7-internal"]},{"target":{"kind":"control","id":"openai"},"title":"OpenAI’s control structure, 2015–2026","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"control","id":"anthropic"},"title":"Anthropic’s control structure, 2021–2026","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"commitments"},"title":"External commitments and obligations","claimIds":["cm-seoul-google","cm-seoul-nvidia"]},{"target":{"kind":"question","id":"frameworks-to-obligations"},"title":"Frameworks, commitments and legal obligations, 2023–2026","claimIds":["cm-seoul-google"]},{"target":{"kind":"reading"},"title":"Founding and early leadership","claimIds":[]}]},"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI","type":"organisation"},{"id":"microsoft","name":"Microsoft","type":"organisation"},{"id":"nvidia","name":"NVIDIA","type":"organisation"},{"id":"eliezer-yudkowsky","name":"Eliezer Yudkowsky","type":"person"},{"id":"rsp-2023","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-rsp","label":"v1.0","publisherId":"anthropic","publishedAt":"2023-09-19","effectiveAt":"2023-09-19","dateNote":"Initial public policy dated September 19, 2023; original entity and publication claim retained."}},{"id":"good-1965","name":"Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine","type":"document"},{"id":"intelligence-explosion","name":"Intelligence explosion","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"A1","criterion":"A machine (or machine-augmented) intelligence, once capable enough, increases intelligence further through its own design or research capacity, giving a runaway or rapidly compounding rise.","terms":["intelligence explosion"]}},{"id":"chris-olah","name":"Chris Olah","type":"person"},{"id":"google","name":"Google","type":"organisation"},{"id":"rsp-v2-0","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-rsp","label":"v2.0","publisherId":"anthropic","effectiveAt":"2024-10-15","dateNote":"The stated effective date is retained; a separate publication day is not inferred."}},{"id":"rsp-v2-1","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-rsp","label":"v2.1","publisherId":"anthropic","effectiveAt":"2025-03-31","dateNote":"The stated effective date is retained; a separate publication day is not inferred."}},{"id":"rsp-v2-2","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-rsp","label":"v2.2","publisherId":"anthropic","effectiveAt":"2025-05-14","dateNote":"The stated effective date is retained; a separate publication day is not inferred."}},{"id":"rsp-v3-0","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-rsp","label":"v3.0","publisherId":"anthropic","publishedAt":"2026-02-24","effectiveAt":"2026-02-24","dateNote":"The cover effective date and release announcement publication date both identify February 24, 2026."}},{"id":"rsp-v3-1","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-rsp","label":"v3.1","publisherId":"anthropic","effectiveAt":"2026-04-02","dateNote":"The stated effective date is retained; a separate publication day is not inferred."}},{"id":"rsp-v3-2","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-rsp","label":"v3.2","publisherId":"anthropic","effectiveAt":"2026-04-29","dateNote":"The stated effective date is retained; a separate publication day is not inferred."}},{"id":"rsp-v3-3","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-rsp","label":"v3.3","publisherId":"anthropic","effectiveAt":"2026-05-26","dateNote":"The stated effective date is retained; a separate publication day is not inferred."}},{"id":"rsp-v3-4","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.4","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-rsp","label":"v3.4","publisherId":"anthropic","effectiveAt":"2026-07-08","dateNote":"The stated effective date is retained; a separate publication day is not inferred."}},{"id":"preparedness-beta-2023","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"openai-preparedness","label":"Beta","publisherId":"openai","publishedAt":"2023-12-18","dateNote":"The sourced publication date does not establish an implementation or effective date."}},{"id":"preparedness-v2","name":"OpenAI Preparedness Framework — Version 2","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"openai-preparedness","label":"Version 2","publisherId":"openai","publishedAt":"2025-04-15","revisedAt":"2025-04-15","dateNote":"Cover last-updated date and dated publication announcement both identify April 15, 2025; no distinct effective date is asserted."}},{"id":"large-batch-training","name":"An Empirical Model of Large-Batch Training","type":"document"},{"id":"adam-paper","name":"Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization","type":"document"},{"id":"miri-ml-agenda","name":"Alignment for Advanced Machine Learning Systems","type":"document"},{"id":"scalable-oversight","name":"Scalable oversight","type":"concept"},{"id":"deepmind-deep-rl","name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning — DeepMind research account (2016)","type":"document"},{"id":"david-silver","name":"David Silver","type":"person"},{"id":"alphafold-paper","name":"Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold (2021)","type":"document"},{"id":"xai-research-programme-2023","name":"Announcing Grok / research programme (2023)","type":"document"},{"id":"deepseek-v3-report","name":"DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report","type":"document"},{"id":"qwen-report","name":"Qwen Technical Report","type":"document"},{"id":"ms-fgf-2025","name":"Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework — Version 1 (February 2025)","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"microsoft-frontier-governance","label":"Feb 2025 (Version 1)","publisherId":"microsoft","publishedAt":"2025-02","dateNote":"Page footers read “Version 1 (February 2025)” and the change log dates the first version 8 February 2025. No separate dated announcement was located; the earliest archive capture is 2025-02-26, so publication is dated only to the month."}},{"id":"ms-fgf-2026","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"microsoft-frontier-governance","label":"Feb 2026","publisherId":"microsoft","revisedAt":"2026-02","dateNote":"The edition’s footers and change log date it February 2026. A publication date is not established: the file was last modified 2026-03-24 and first captured 2026-04-24."}},{"id":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments-2024","name":"Frontier AI Safety Commitments, AI Seoul Summit 2024","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments","label":"GOV.UK text (May 2024; list updated February 2025)","publisherId":"dsit","publishedAt":"2024-05-21","revisedAt":"2025-02-07","dateNote":"First published on 21 May 2024; the GOV.UK change history records an update on 7 February 2025 that added organisations to the list. The commitment text itself is unchanged between the 2024-05-21 capture and the live page."}},{"id":"turing-1947-lms-lecture","name":"Lecture to the London Mathematical Society","type":"document"},{"id":"vinge-1983-first-word","name":"First Word","type":"document"},{"id":"extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5159","name":"Re: Goal-based AI","type":"document"},{"id":"extropians-1998-09-24-hanson","name":"AI big wins (was: Punctuated Equilibrium Theory)","type":"document"},{"id":"ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk","name":"Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk","type":"document"},{"id":"seed-ai","name":"Seed AI","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"A2","criterion":"An initial AI deliberately designed as a starting point that will improve its own design or code toward greater intelligence.","terms":["seed AI"]}},{"id":"fast-or-hard-takeoff","name":"Fast or hard takeoff","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"A4","criterion":"The transition from roughly human-level to far superhuman capability happens over a short period (hours to months), or is named as a “hard” or “fast” takeoff, as opposed to a gradual transition over years or decades. A transition described only as rapid, or rapid relative to biological or historical change, without such a period, does not meet the criterion.","terms":["hard takeoff","fast takeoff"]}},{"id":"strategic-concealment","name":"Strategic concealment","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"B2","criterion":"A system deliberately hides its capabilities, intentions or activities, or manipulates people while appearing benign, for its own strategic reasons.","terms":[]}},{"id":"warning-signs-in-time","name":"Clear warning signs will come before danger","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"Y08","criterion":"An explicit claim that clear warning signs will appear before advanced AI becomes dangerous, on the premise that a recognisable, consensus-forming signal will come in time to act, that dangerous failure modes will first appear in weaker systems where they can be observed and fixed, or that a warning sign, once seen, will lead to effective action.","terms":[]}},{"id":"build-it-before-rivals","name":"Build it before rivals do","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"Y24","criterion":"An explicit claim that advanced AI must be built first, before a rival builds it, on the premise that whoever builds it controls it, or that racing to be first improves the outcome.","terms":[]}},{"id":"lw-2017-theres-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial","name":"There's No Fire Alarm for Artificial General Intelligence","type":"document"},{"id":"lw-2021-biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick","name":"Biology-Inspired AGI Timelines: The Trick That Never Works","type":"document"},{"id":"sl4-2001-04-06-yudkowsky-0104-0956","name":"Re: Singularity intros (was: Si definition of Friendliess)","type":"document"},{"id":"sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551","name":"Re: supergoal stability","type":"document"},{"id":"compensating-policy-for-ai","name":"Compensating policy for AI’s distributional effects","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"M06b","criterion":"A text that argues for redistribution, taxation or another compensating policy in response to distributional effects of AI or automation.","terms":[]}},{"id":"aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth","name":"Artificial Intelligence and Economic Growth","type":"document"},{"id":"trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai","name":"Economic Growth under Transformative AI: A guide to the vast range of possibilities for output growth, wages, and the labor share","type":"document"},{"id":"acemoglu-restrepo-2019-wrong-kind-of-ai","name":"The Wrong Kind of AI? Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Labor Demand","type":"document"},{"id":"gans-2018-self-regulating-agi","name":"Self-Regulating Artificial General Intelligence","type":"document"},{"id":"jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk","name":"How Much Should We Spend to Reduce A.I.'s Existential Risk?","type":"document"},{"id":"amar-subramanya","name":"Amar Subramanya","type":"person"},{"id":"apple","name":"Apple","type":"organisation"},{"id":"brad-lightcap","name":"Brad Lightcap","type":"person"},{"id":"john-giannandrea","name":"John Giannandrea","type":"person"},{"id":"joshua-achiam","name":"Joshua Achiam","type":"person"},{"id":"liam-fedus","name":"Liam Fedus","type":"person"},{"id":"periodic-labs","name":"Periodic Labs","type":"organisation"},{"id":"shanghai-ai-lab","name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory / 上海人工智能实验室","type":"organisation"},{"id":"iflytek","name":"iFlytek / 科大讯飞","type":"organisation"},{"id":"paris-ai-action-statement-2025-web","name":"Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet (Élysée web page)","type":"document"},{"id":"us-ai-action-plan-2025","name":"Winning the Race: America’s AI Action Plan","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"us-ai-action-plan","label":"As released on 23 July 2025","publisherId":"us-white-house","publishedAt":"2025-07-23","dateNote":"Day from the White House release page; the PDF cover gives July 2025."}},{"id":"elysee","name":"Présidence de la République française (Élysée)","type":"public_body"},{"id":"jessica-taylor","name":"Jessica Taylor","type":"person"},{"id":"satya-nadella","name":"Satya Nadella","type":"person"},{"id":"aib-andrew-senior","name":"Andrew W. Senior","type":"person"},{"id":"aib-doc-ahlmann-eltze-2025","name":"Deep-learning-based gene perturbation effect prediction does not yet outperform simple linear baselines","type":"document"},{"id":"aib-prop-ai-virtual-cell","name":"AI models can simulate or predict the behaviour of cells (a \"virtual cell\")","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"P2","criterion":"The text states that a machine-learning or other AI model simulates, or will be able to simulate or predict, the behaviour of a living cell, such as its growth or its responses to perturbations.","terms":["virtual cell","AI Virtual Cell"]}},{"id":"kp-superintelligence-paths-dangers-strategies-2014","name":"Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-gpt-4-technical-report-2023","name":"GPT-4 Technical Report","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-constitutional-ai-harmlessness-from-ai-2022","name":"Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning-2022","name":"Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-gshard-scaling-giant-models-conditional-2020","name":"GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding","type":"document"},{"id":"denny-zhou","name":"Denny Zhou","type":"person"},{"id":"th-lighthill-1973-general-survey","name":"Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey","type":"document"},{"id":"th-weizenbaum-1966-eliza","name":"ELIZA—A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man And Machine","type":"document"},{"id":"th-fam-symbolic-ai","name":"Symbolic AI and expert systems","type":"concept"},{"id":"th-fam-search-planning","name":"Search and planning","type":"concept"},{"id":"intern-s1-licence","name":"Intern-S1 licence (Apache License 2.0)","type":"document"},{"id":"stepfun-model-licence-1-0","name":"StepFun Model License 1.0","type":"document"},{"id":"ai-extinction-risk","name":"Risk of extinction or comparable catastrophe","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"R07","criterion":"Advanced AI poses a risk of human extinction or of a comparable, irreversible global catastrophe, large enough to warrant priority among the problems facing humanity.","terms":["existential risk","risk of extinction","x-risk"]}},{"id":"altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1","name":"Machine intelligence, part 1","type":"document"},{"id":"benevolence-or-no-drive-to-dominate","name":"Intelligence brings benevolence or no drive to dominate","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"R10a","criterion":"Sufficiently intelligent AI systems will be benevolent, or will lack any drive to dominate or harm people, because greater intelligence brings good values or because such drives come from evolved motives that AI systems need not have.","terms":[]}},{"id":"bengio-2024-reasoning-through-arguments","name":"Reasoning through arguments against taking AI safety seriously","type":"document"},{"id":"bostrom-2017-openness","name":"Strategic Implications of Openness in AI Development","type":"document"},{"id":"carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","name":"Is Power-Seeking AI an Existential Risk?","type":"document"},{"id":"incentives-produce-safety","name":"Economic incentives will produce safety","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"R17","criterion":"Developers' commercial or economic incentives, such as the need to sell useful and reliable products and to avoid liability or reputational harm, will lead them to make AI systems safe without special measures against catastrophic risk.","terms":["incentives","market","liability"]}},{"id":"loss-of-control-route","name":"Existential risk from misalignment or loss of control","type":"concept","proposition":{"code":"R08","criterion":"Advanced AI systems pursuing goals at odds with human interests could escape human control and cause human extinction or permanent human disempowerment, without any person intending that outcome.","terms":["loss of control","rogue AI","misaligned AI","disempowerment"]}},{"id":"pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","name":"Response to Jaron Lanier, \"The Myth of AI\" (Edge Reality Club)","type":"document"}],"claims":[{"id":"atlas-silver-deep-rl","subject":"david-silver","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"deepmind-deep-rl"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"David Silver is credited as author of DeepMind’s Deep Reinforcement Learning account.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2016-06-17","note":"Date on the inspected publication; not the source-access date or proof of implementation."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Authorship of this account, not sole authorship of the underlying algorithms.","evidenceIds":["evidence-atlas-silver-deep-rl"]},{"id":"xm-scalable-oversight","subject":"xai-research-programme-2023","predicate":"discusses","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"scalable-oversight"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"xAI’s initial agenda discusses scalable oversight assisted by tools and human feedback.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-11-03","basis":"publication","note":"Date of this source expression; not an invention or implementation date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicitly stated research direction, not proof of implementation or influence from any particular earlier institution.","evidenceIds":["evidence-xm-scalable-oversight"]},{"id":"prov-ms-fgf-2025-deployment-decision-authority","subject":"ms-fgf-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Executive Officers make final deployment decision"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The February 2025 edition of the Frontier Governance Framework states that the Executive Officers (or their delegates) will make the final decision on whether to approve the recommendation for secure and trustworthy deployment.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-02","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as stated in this edition, dated by the edition’s publication date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-ms-fgf-2025-deployment-decision-authority"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"msfgf-deployment-decision-authority","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Executive Officers responsible for Microsoft’s AI governance program (or their delegates)"}]}}},{"id":"prov-preparedness-v2-final-decision-authority","subject":"preparedness-v2","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Leadership approves or rejects SAG recommendations; SSC oversight"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Preparedness Framework Version 2 states that OpenAI Leadership can approve or reject the Safety Advisory Group’s recommendations and that the Board’s Safety and Security Committee provides oversight of these decisions.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-04-15","basis":"revision","note":"Provision as stated in this edition, dated by the edition’s revision date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-preparedness-v2-final-decision-authority"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"pf-final-decision-authority","parties":[{"role":"recommends","actor":"Safety Advisory Group (SAG)"},{"role":"decides","actor":"OpenAI Leadership"},{"role":"informed","actor":"Safety and Security Committee of the OpenAI Board of Directors"}]}}},{"id":"cm-seoul-google","subject":"google","predicate":"signed_commitment","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments-2024"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Google is listed, as “Google”, among the sixteen organisations that, according to the GOV.UK text of 21 May 2024, the UK and Republic of Korea governments announced had agreed to the Frontier AI Safety Commitments.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-05-21","basis":"publication","note":"First publication of the GOV.UK text, on the opening day of the AI Seoul Summit; the Internet Archive capture of 2024-05-21 has the sixteen-name list."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Listing is the convener’s statement. It is not evidence that the organisation complied with, implemented or still maintains the commitments, and the legal effect of being listed is not recorded. The UK government’s press release of the same day lists “Google / Google DeepMind”; which legal entity agreed is not documented, and the record uses the Google identity as the GOV.UK text does.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-seoul-google-1"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"stage":"listed"}}},{"id":"cm-seoul-nvidia","subject":"nvidia","predicate":"signed_commitment","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments-2024"},"topic":"governance","statement":"NVIDIA is listed, as “NVIDIA”, among four organisations added on 7 February 2025 to the GOV.UK list of organisations that have agreed to the Frontier AI Safety Commitments.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-02-07","basis":"revision","note":"Date of the GOV.UK update that added the organisation to the list (change history, 11:34 UTC). The date on which the organisation agreed is not stated and is not inferred."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Listing is the convener’s statement. It is not evidence that the organisation complied with, implemented or still maintains the commitments, and the legal effect of being listed is not recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-seoul-nvidia-1","evidence-cm-seoul-nvidia-2"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"stage":"listed"}}},{"id":"ts-a2-turing-1947-context","subject":"turing-1947-lms-lecture","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"seed-ai"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Turing’s 1947 lecture says that letting a machine alter its own instructions supplies a mechanism for learning from experience, but that this alone is insufficient.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1947-02-20","note":"Lecture date in the King’s College catalogue. The typescript photocopy is undated, and the text was first printed in 1986; the date identifies the lecture."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Self-modification for learning, not a claim of recursive growth; Turing also warns against expecting the machine to build extensive instruction tables without human training.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a2-turing-1947-context"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Self-altering instructions enable learning, but no starting architecture aimed at redesigning its own intelligence is specified."}}},{"id":"ts-a2-good-1965-context","subject":"good-1965","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"seed-ai"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Good’s chapter says a machine could gradually improve itself by acquiring new equipment.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1965","basis":"publication","note":"Year of Advances in Computers, volume 6, as catalogued by Open Library; the current Crossref record gives 1966. The discrepancy is unresolved."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Self-change by adding equipment, without a seed design.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a2-good-1965-context"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"No deliberately engineered seed design is specified.","claimed":{"date":"1962-10","note":"The chapter’s footnote on p. 31 names talks in October 1962 and January 1963, a first draft of April 1963 and a slightly emended version of May 1964. None was retrieved, so the wording is not dated to them."}}}},{"id":"ts-a4-vinge-1983-context","subject":"vinge-1983-first-word","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"fast-or-hard-takeoff"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Vinge’s 1983 column projects the arrival of superhuman intelligence within decades.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1983-01","basis":"publication","note":"Omni, January 1983, p. 10, according to Vinge’s 2005 bibliography; the scan shows the byline, column title and page but no masthead."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An arrival forecast, not a transition period.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a4-vinge-1983-context"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"The first superhuman intelligence is projected 20–100 years away; the length of the transition after it is not given."}}},{"id":"ts-b2-yudkowsky-1996-12-31-5159","subject":"extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5159","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"strategic-concealment"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Yudkowsky’s second message of 1996-12-31 says a malevolent Power will lie, cheat and manipulate its keepers, so that releasing a Power once it persuades them frees malevolent intelligences.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1996-12-31","basis":"publication","note":"Sent header: Tue, 31 Dec 1996 14:50:37 -0600."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Manipulation to gain release from confinement, as in Yudkowsky’s earlier message of the same day.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-b2-yudkowsky-1996-12-31-5159"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"ts-a1-hanson-1998-09-24-contests","subject":"extropians-1998-09-24-hanson","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"intelligence-explosion"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Hanson’s reply of 1998-09-24 to Yudkowsky says there has long been positive feedback, and that neither feedback nor the ability to redesign AI architectures obviously suggests a break with history.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1998-09-24","basis":"publication","note":"Sent header: Thu, 24 Sep 1998 09:51:22 -0700 (sender-local date)."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"It contests the inference, not the possibility of faster growth.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a1-hanson-1998-09-24-contests"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"Contests the inference from feedback to a break with history.","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Gives a reason against the premise that positive feedback and the ability to redesign AI architectures imply a runaway: both have existed for a long time without a break with history."}}}},{"id":"yk-y08-ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk-c","subject":"ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"warning-signs-in-time"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk” (2006-02-05) contests Y08. Having granted that an AI might make a sudden, sharp leap in intelligence, he argues that no advance warning can be counted on, because past technological revolutions were not recognisable to contemporaries.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2006-02-05","note":"Date of the SIAI draft (\"Draft of 5 February, 2006\"), whose capture of 2006-07-08 contains the quoted wording; the chapter was published in 2008. As for the human-thought collection's records of this chapter."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: There will be a recognisable, consensus-forming signal in time to act. Chapter in Global Catastrophic Risks (2008); cached text is the MIRI reprint, which states 'This version contains minor changes'. Wording not compared with the 2008 print. Admission check, 2026-10-08: the quoted wording also appears in the draft of 5 February 2006, so the record is dated by the draft.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t08-a","evidence-yk-t08-a-draft"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that there will be a recognisable, consensus-forming signal in time to act."}}}},{"id":"yk-y08-lw-2017-theres-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial-c","subject":"lw-2017-theres-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"warning-signs-in-time"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The post “There's No Fire Alarm for Artificial General Intelligence” (2017-10-13) contests Y08. Argues that, as with flight and nuclear fission, no event before AGI itself will create common knowledge that it is time to act, so waiting for such a signal means not acting.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2017-10-13","basis":"publication","note":"LessWrong postedAt."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: There will be a recognisable, consensus-forming signal in time to act. Quote truncated mid-sentence; the sentence continues 'that lets people act without feeling nervous about whether they're worrying too early'.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t08-c"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that there will be a recognisable, consensus-forming signal in time to act."}}}},{"id":"yk-y24-time-2023-shut-it-all-down-c","subject":"time-2023-shut-it-all-down","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"build-it-before-rivals"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Pausing AI Developments Isn't Enough. We Need to Shut it All Down” (2023-03-29) contests Y24. Within his proposal for a worldwide moratorium, he rejects framing AI development as a national arms race on the ground that everyone shares the outcome. Discussing a moratorium that might begin in the United States, he describes the technology as one that no country could own and that would kill people in both countries.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-03-29","basis":"publication","note":"Page metadata datePublished 2023-03-29T22:01:58Z. The page title currently reads \"The Only Way to Deal With the Threat From AI? Shut It Down\"; the headline is the one crossposted to LessWrong on 2023-04-08."},"evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t24-a","evidence-yk-t24-b"]},{"id":"yk-y24-sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551-a","subject":"sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"build-it-before-rivals"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: supergoal stability” (2002-05-03) bears on Y24. Replying to Wei Dai on goal-system stability, he refuses to design Friendliness that would serve a programmer's propaganda and says the only thing to do about a project that tries this is to try to beat it to the punch.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2002-05-03","basis":"publication","note":"Archive author index lists the message as \"Fri May 03 2002 - 16:38:46 MDT\" under \"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky\"."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Racing to be first improves the outcome. He says that any project that tries to design Friendliness semantics for propaganda, that is, an AI serving narrow goals, is beyond his sympathy, and that the only thing to do is to try to beat it to the punch. The 'other side' is such a project, not a rival state. The message does not state that whoever builds advanced AI controls it, or that racing to be first improves the outcome. In the same message he says that a goal such as \"serve Wei Dai\" would probably be frozen into a form its programmer had not intended, and, asked how Friendly AI could be funded before a more selfish project builds a superintelligence, that the aim is not to predict that things will turn out okay but to improve the probability that they will. His later texts on racing (SL4 message of 2007-11-24: it does not matter if someone else does worse; TIME, 2023: 'anyone talking of arms races is a fool') do not refer back to this message and do not supply the missing premise.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t24-s3"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Says the only thing to do about a project designing Friendliness for propaganda is to try to beat it to the punch; it does not state that the builder controls the outcome or that racing to be first improves it."}}},{"id":"ec-m06b-acemoglu-restrepo-2019-wrong-kind-of-ai-b","subject":"acemoglu-restrepo-2019-wrong-kind-of-ai","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"compensating-policy-for-ai"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Acemoglu and Restrepo, “The Wrong Kind of AI? Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Labor Demand” (2019-03) bears on M06b. The authors identify tax treatment favouring capital as a distortion pushing technology toward automation.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2019-03","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"March 2019\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Diagnoses a tax distortion; policy aim is the direction of innovation, not compensation.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m06b-20"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Concerns tax incentives for automation, not compensating policy for distributional effects.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"lg-oai-lightcap-coo-2022","subject":"brad-lightcap","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"OpenAI announced on 5 May 2022 that Brad Lightcap would become Chief Operating Officer.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2022-05-05","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An announced appointment. OpenAI’s March 2025 leadership update refers to him as Chief Operating Officer with an expanded remit.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-oai-lightcap-coo-2022-1","lg-ev-oai-lightcap-coo-2022-2"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Operating Officer"}},{"id":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","subject":"joshua-achiam","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"TechCrunch reported on 25 September 2024 that Josh Achiam, a research scientist, would take on a new role at OpenAI as head of mission alignment.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-09-25","note":"Date of the report of Sam Altman's note to staff; not a start date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The appointment rests on reporting (TechCrunch, relaying Altman's note, whose full text could not be retrieved). Achiam's own post of 11 February 2026 confirms that he held the title. The record does not establish a start date.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024-self","lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024-brundage"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Head of Mission Alignment"}},{"id":"lg-gw-giannandrea-apple-departure-2025","subject":"john-giannandrea","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"apple"},"topic":"people","statement":"Apple announced on 1 December 2025 that John Giannandrea, its senior vice president for Machine Learning and AI Strategy, was stepping down from his position.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-12-01","note":"Announcement date; not the date the advisory role ended or the retirement date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An announced change. The same announcement says he would serve as an advisor before retiring in spring 2026; that retirement was prospective at the time and is not established as realised here.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gw-giannandrea-apple-departure-2025"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"senior vice president for Machine Learning and AI Strategy"}},{"id":"lg-gw-fedus-cofounded-periodic-labs","subject":"liam-fedus","predicate":"co_founded","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"periodic-labs"},"topic":"people","statement":"TechCrunch reported on 30 September 2025 that Periodic Labs was founded by Ekin Dogus Cubuk and Liam Fedus. This record is Liam Fedus’s co-founding.","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"No founding date is given; 30 September 2025 is the date on which Periodic Labs introduced itself publicly."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on reporting (TechCrunch). Periodic Labs’ own homepage lists Liam Fedus among the people named under its founding-team statement but does not single out founders or co-founders; its launch post names no one.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gw-fedus-cofounded-periodic-labs-tc","lg-ev-gw-fedus-cofounded-periodic-labs-home"],"attributes":{"role":"founder"}},{"id":"lg-gw-subramanya-google-gemini-engineering-prior","subject":"amar-subramanya","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"google"},"topic":"people","statement":"Apple’s announcement of 1 December 2025 states that Amar Subramanya spent 16 years at Google, where he was head of engineering for Google’s Gemini Assistant before his departure.","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"Retrospective statement; the 16 years are not dated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Apple’s account of his prior role, not a Google record. It does not date his Google tenure or the Gemini role, or establish which Google unit he belonged to.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gw-subramanya-google-gemini-engineering-prior"],"attributes":{"role":"head of engineering, Gemini Assistant"}},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2001-04-06-yudkowsky-0104-0956","subject":"eliezer-yudkowsky","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"sl4-2001-04-06-yudkowsky-0104-0956"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The mailing-list message “Re: Singularity intros (was: Si definition of Friendliess)” (2001-04-06) is sent under the name Eliezer S. Yudkowsky.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2001-04-06","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2001-04-06-yudkowsky-0104-0956"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2021-biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick","subject":"eliezer-yudkowsky","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"lw-2021-biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Biology-Inspired AGI Timelines: The Trick That Never Works” (2021-12-01) credits Eliezer Yudkowsky as its author.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2021-12-01","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited authorship of this expression; it says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2021-biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick"]},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v3-4-d7-internal","subject":"rsp-v3-4","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Internal reporting"},"topic":"governance","statement":"RSP · v3.4 states a provision on the comparison question “Internal reporting”.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-08","basis":"effective","note":"Comparison cell for this edition, dated by the edition’s effective date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Also: the Board receives quarterly updates on noncompliance reports (§4); the Frontier Safety Roadmap is shared with every full-time employee, the Board and the LTBT (§2); the CEO and RSO, once they have approved a Risk Report, share their decisions, the report and the internal feedback with the Board and the LTBT (§3.4). What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v3-4-d7-internal-1","ev-cmp-rsp-v3-4-d7-internal-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"reporting","key":"comparison-d7-internal","facet":{"id":"D7.internal","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"fl-intl-paris-statement-published","subject":"elysee","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"paris-ai-action-statement-2025-web"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Élysée posted the English text of the Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet on elysee.fr on 11 February 2025.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-02-11","basis":"publication","note":"The statement says participants gathered in Paris on 10 and 11 February 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Records the Élysée web posting; the PDF version carries no stated date.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-intl-paris-statement-published-1"]},{"id":"fl-us-ai-action-plan-state-funding","subject":"us-ai-action-plan-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Federal AI-related funding to consider state AI regulatory climate"},"topic":"governance","statement":"America’s AI Action Plan recommends that OMB work with agencies with AI-related discretionary funding to consider a state’s AI regulatory climate in funding decisions and to limit funding where the state’s AI regulatory regime may hinder its effectiveness.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-07-23","basis":"publication","note":"Date of publication, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Recommended action; the plan names no state law. The same section says the Federal government should not interfere with states’ rights to pass prudent laws that are not unduly restrictive to innovation.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-us-ai-action-plan-state-funding-1","evidence-fl-us-ai-action-plan-state-funding-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"us-ai-action-plan-state-ai-regulatory-climate"}}},{"id":"pp-ex-nadella-microsoft-ceo-2014","subject":"satya-nadella","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"microsoft"},"topic":"people","statement":"Microsoft’s Form 8-K reports that on 4 February 2014 Microsoft announced that its board had appointed Satya Nadella chief executive officer, a role he would assume immediately.","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2014-02-04","note":"Start from the 8-K (“will assume his new roles immediately”). The 2026 proxy statement of 21 October 2026 still names him chairman and chief executive officer; no end is recorded."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The interval has no end in this record; it does not assert the role after 21 October 2026.","evidenceIds":["pp-ev-ex-nadella-microsoft-ceo-2014-1","pp-ev-ex-nadella-microsoft-ceo-2014-2"],"attributes":{"role":"Chief Executive Officer"}},{"id":"pp-au-jessica-taylor-miri-ml-agenda","subject":"jessica-taylor","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"miri-ml-agenda"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Alignment for Advanced Machine Learning Systems” (2016) credits Jessica Taylor as one of its 4 authors.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2016","basis":"publication","note":"Date the dataset’s source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage. The identifying page establishes no role or affiliation.","evidenceIds":["pp-ev-au-jessica-taylor-miri-ml-agenda-1"]},{"id":"aib-ppl-senior-alphafold-paper","subject":"aib-andrew-senior","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"alphafold-paper"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Andrew W. Senior is credited as a co-author of Jumper et al., ‘Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold’ (Nature, published online 15 July 2021).","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2021-07-15","basis":"publication","note":"Online publication date printed on the Nature article page (Published: 15 July 2021); matches the dataset's dating of the AlphaFold paper."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Co-authorship as credited; not sole credit, and not a statement about any individual's contribution beyond what is quoted.","evidenceIds":["evidence-aib-ppl-senior-alphafold-paper-1"]},{"id":"aib-arg-p2-ahlmann-eltze-2025","subject":"aib-doc-ahlmann-eltze-2025","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"aib-prop-ai-virtual-cell"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Ahlmann-Eltze, Huber and Anders (Nature Methods, published online 4 August 2025) report that none of five foundation models and two other deep-learning models outperformed deliberately simple baselines at predicting transcriptome changes after genetic perturbations, and conclude that the goal of predicting the outcome of not-yet-performed experiments is still elusive.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-08-04","basis":"publication","note":"Online publication date printed on the article page."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record documents what this text states, in its register; it is not evidence that the proposition is true and implies no influence on or from any other text. A qualified challenge: the paper reports that the models it tested did not outperform deliberately simple baselines on its benchmarks, and concludes that a stated goal of such models is still elusive. It challenges the present performance of those models; it does not contradict the proposition as a whole, which does not require outperforming simple baselines and includes models that will be able to predict cell behaviour (cross-family check, item B119; maintainer decision of 2026-10-30).","evidenceIds":["evidence-aib-arg-p2-ahlmann-eltze-2025-1","evidence-aib-arg-p2-ahlmann-eltze-2025-2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"Challenges the present performance of the tested models; not a contradiction of the proposition as a whole."}}},{"id":"kp-cites-gans-2018-self-regulating-agi-superintelligence-paths-dangers-strategies-2014","subject":"gans-2018-self-regulating-agi","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-superintelligence-paths-dangers-strategies-2014"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Self-Regulating Artificial General Intelligence cites Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2018-02","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit reference only; neither agreement nor influence. The citing text does not identify which version of the work was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-gans-2018-self-regulating-agi-superintelligence-paths-dangers-strategies-2014-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-large-batch-training-adam-paper","subject":"large-batch-training","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"adam-paper"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"An Empirical Model of Large-Batch Training cites Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2018-12-14","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit reference only; neither agreement nor influence. The citing text does not identify which version of the work was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-large-batch-training-adam-paper-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth","subject":"trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Economic Growth under Transformative AI: A guide to the vast range of possibilities for output growth, wages, and the labor share cites Artificial Intelligence And Economic Growth.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2021-02-04","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit reference only; neither agreement nor influence. The citing text does not identify which version of the work was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth","subject":"jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"How Much Should We Spend to Reduce A.I.'s Existential Risk? cites Artificial Intelligence And Economic Growth.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-03","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit reference only; neither agreement nor influence. The citing text does not identify which version of the work was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-qwen-report-gpt-4-technical-report-2023","subject":"qwen-report","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-gpt-4-technical-report-2023"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Qwen Technical Report cites GPT-4 Technical Report.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-09-28","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit reference only; neither agreement nor influence. The citing text does not identify which version of the work was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-qwen-report-gpt-4-technical-report-2023-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-deepseek-v3-report-gshard-scaling-giant-models-conditional-2020","subject":"deepseek-v3-report","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-gshard-scaling-giant-models-conditional-2020"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report cites GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-12-27","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit reference only; neither agreement nor influence. The citing text does not identify which version of the work was read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-deepseek-v3-report-gshard-scaling-giant-models-conditional-2020-1"]},{"id":"kp-authored-chris-olah-constitutional-ai-harmlessness-from-ai-2022","subject":"chris-olah","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-constitutional-ai-harmlessness-from-ai-2022"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Christopher Olah is a credited author of Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2022-12-15","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the work’s earliest recorded version, arXiv version 1, submitted 15 December 2022 (UTC)."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Authorship as credited in the byline of the text read; it implies neither sole authorship nor a role, and no affiliation is recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-authored-chris-olah-constitutional-ai-harmlessness-from-ai-2022-1"]},{"id":"kp-authored-denny-zhou-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning-2022","subject":"denny-zhou","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning-2022"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Denny Zhou is a credited author of Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2022","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the work’s earliest recorded version (2022), at the precision its source gives."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Authorship as credited in the byline of the text read; it implies neither sole authorship nor a role, and no affiliation is recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-authored-denny-zhou-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning-2022-1"]},{"id":"th-sp-lighthill-1972-combinatorial-explosion","subject":"th-lighthill-1973-general-survey","predicate":"discusses","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"th-fam-search-planning"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Lighthill's survey singles out failure to recognise the implications of the combinatorial explosion as one general cause of the disappointments he reports in AI research.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1972-07","note":"Date of the event as the text states it; the text’s own date is separate. Survey dated July 1972; published by the Science Research Council in 1973."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Lighthill's assessment, which he presents as his personal view; it records what the survey says, not that the assessment is correct. Replies by Sutherland, Needham, Longuet-Higgins and Michie in the same paper symposium were not read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-th-sp-lighthill-1972-combinatorial-explosion-1"],"attributes":{"technical":{"kind":"assessment"}}},{"id":"th-sym-desc-eliza-1966","subject":"th-weizenbaum-1966-eliza","predicate":"discusses","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"th-fam-symbolic-ai"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Weizenbaum (1966) describes ELIZA as a program on the MAC time-sharing system at MIT that analyses input sentences by decomposition rules triggered by key words and generates responses by reassembly rules.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1966-01","basis":"publication","note":"Date of publication, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The author's description of his program.","evidenceIds":["evidence-th-sym-desc-eliza-1966-1"],"attributes":{"technical":{"kind":"description"}}},{"id":"c3-iflytek-legal-form-2008","subject":"iflytek","predicate":"has_legal_form","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"安徽科大讯飞信息科技股份有限公司 (ANHUI USTC iFLYTEK CO.,LTD.), a joint-stock company limited by shares converted as a whole from a limited liability company on 26 April 2007"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"iFlytek’s 2008 IPO prospectus names the issuer as 安徽科大讯飞信息科技股份有限公司 (English name ANHUI USTC iFLYTEK CO.,LTD.) and states that its predecessor limited company was converted as a whole into a joint-stock company on 26 April 2007, registered with the Anhui Administration for Industry and Commerce.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2008-04-24","note":"Name and form shown in the prospectus published on 24 April 2008; the conversion date (26 April 2007) is the prospectus’s."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"整体变更 is rendered “converted as a whole”; 工商变更登记 is a change registration (登记), not a filing (备案). The registration number in the passage is not recorded.","evidenceIds":["c3-ev-iflytek-legal-form-2008","c3-ev-iflytek-legal-form-2008-2"]},{"id":"c3-shlab-intern-s1-licence","subject":"shanghai-ai-lab","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"intern-s1-licence"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The internlm/Intern-S1 repository carries the Apache License, Version 2.0 as LICENSE.txt (commit of 24 July 2025), and its model card declares apache-2.0 (commit of 25 July 2025).","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-07-24","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the commit that uploaded LICENSE.txt."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The file is the standard Apache 2.0 text with no filled-in copyright line; it is recorded as the repository's licence statement for the weights in that repository only.","evidenceIds":["c3-ev-shlab-intern-s1-licence","c3-ev-shlab-intern-s1-licence-meta"]},{"id":"c3-stepfun-licence-commercial","subject":"stepfun-model-licence-1-0","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Separate commercial licence for device makers and for MaaS operators above US$20 million revenue"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The StepFun Model License 1.0 requires a separate commercial licence agreement with StepFun AI before a hardware maker or brand owner begins to make the model's capabilities commercially available as a feature of its devices, or before commercial use by a licensee operating a Model-as-a-Service business whose combined revenue exceeds US$20 million over twelve months.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-10-13","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as stated in LICENSE.txt at the cited commit."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the licence text states (Section 2(c)); the section exempts internal use without third-party access and use through channels StepFun AI certifies. Enforcement is not recorded.","evidenceIds":["c3-ev-stepfun-licence-commercial","c3-ev-stepfun-licence-commercial-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"stepfun-licence-commercial"}}},{"id":"rd-r07-altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1","subject":"altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ai-extinction-risk"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Altman's blog post of 25 February 2015 states that the development of superhuman machine intelligence is probably the greatest threat to the continued existence of humanity, ranking it above an engineered virus.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-02-25","basis":"publication","note":"Date of posting."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The post states the author's view in 2015; it is not evidence of his later views or of his company's policy.","evidenceIds":["evidence-rd-r07-altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1-1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","subject":"carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"loss-of-control-route"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Carlsmith's report (arXiv, June 2022) sets out a six-premise argument that misaligned, power-seeking AI systems could disempower humanity by 2070, and assigns the outcome a subjective probability of about 5%, revised in May 2022 to more than 10%.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2022-06-16","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the arXiv v1 submission."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The probabilities are the author's subjective credences, stated as such; the report says it examines one version of the worry, not the only one.","evidenceIds":["evidence-rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking-1","evidence-rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking-2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["most-developed","earliest-located-term"],"register":"nonfiction","term":"disempowerment","claimed":{"date":"2021-04","note":"The report is headed April 2021 and says it was made public then; the April 2021 text was not retrieved."}}}},{"id":"rd-r10a-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","subject":"pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"benevolence-or-no-drive-to-dominate"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Pinker's Edge response of 2014 argues that superhumanly intelligent robots would have no reason to want to depose their masters or dominate, because goals are extraneous to intelligence and dominance-seeking is a product of primate natural selection, not a feature of intelligent systems.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2014","basis":"publication","note":"Date of posting."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The Edge responses carry no dates of their own. The passage also states that goals are extraneous to intelligence, which is the independence that R01 asserts.","evidenceIds":["evidence-rd-r10a-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai-1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"rd-r17-bostrom-2017-openness","subject":"bostrom-2017-openness","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"incentives-produce-safety"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Bostrom's paper of 2017 argues that in a closely competitive race a larger pool of developers is likely to contain one willing to proceed without adequate safeguards, and that competition makes it harder for any developer to accept safety measures that cost performance.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2017","basis":"publication","note":"Date of publication, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The passage is a model-level argument about race dynamics under openness, not an empirical finding about developer behaviour.","evidenceIds":["evidence-rd-r17-bostrom-2017-openness-1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Argues that competitive pressure, not market reward, governs how much safety a developer can afford."}}}},{"id":"rd-r17-bengio-2024-reasoning-arguments","subject":"bengio-2024-reasoning-through-arguments","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"incentives-produce-safety"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Bengio's post of 9 July 2024 answers the argument that corporations would prefer to build safe AI by stating that the problem arises when safety and profit maximisation are not aligned, citing fossil-fuel and drug companies, and that global risks are an externality for developers.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-07-09","basis":"publication","note":"Date of posting."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The historical analogies are the author's; the post does not analyse AI developers' incentives empirically.","evidenceIds":["evidence-rd-r17-bengio-2024-reasoning-arguments-1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"States the incentive argument as a question and answers it with the externality of global risks."}}}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-good","title":"Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine","authors":["I. J. Good"],"publisher":"Academic Press","publicationDate":"1965","version":"Scanned reprint, Advances in Computers volume 6, pp. 31–88. Repository metadata identifies ©1965; the mirror filename says 1966.","canonicalUrl":"https://gwern.net/doc/ai/1966-good.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://gwern.net/doc/ai/1966-good.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-09-17","reuse":{"attribution":"Academic Press, Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine (1965).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-rsp-3-4","documentId":"rsp-v3-4","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.4","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publisherId":"anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.4; effective date 2026-07-08.","versionDate":"2026-07-08","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/0bacdc8440ea96e62a8766d99ebe1d4eea6d5f3a.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/0bacdc8440ea96e62a8766d99ebe1d4eea6d5f3a.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260710234036/https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/0bacdc8440ea96e62a8766d99ebe1d4eea6d5f3a.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-07-10","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.4.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-pf-2","documentId":"preparedness-v2","title":"Preparedness Framework — Version 2","authors":["OpenAI"],"publisher":"OpenAI","publisherId":"openai","publicationDate":"2025-04-15","version":"Preparedness Framework Version 2; revision date 2025-04-15.","versionDate":"2025-04-15","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/18a02b5d-6b67-4cec-ab64-68cdfbddebcd/preparedness-framework-v2.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/18a02b5d-6b67-4cec-ab64-68cdfbddebcd/preparedness-framework-v2.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250415191354/https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/18a02b5d-6b67-4cec-ab64-68cdfbddebcd/preparedness-framework-v2.pdf","archivedAt":"2025-04-15","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"OpenAI, Preparedness Framework — Version 2.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-large-batch-training-v1","documentId":"large-batch-training","title":"An Empirical Model of Large-Batch Training","authors":["Sam McCandlish","Jared Kaplan","Dario Amodei","OpenAI Dota Team"],"publisher":"arXiv","publicationDate":"2018-12-14","version":"arXiv:1812.06162v1; first-submission date from version history. Later revisions are not substituted.","versionDate":"2018-12-14","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.06162","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.06162v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-09-20","reuse":{"attribution":"Sam McCandlish; Jared Kaplan; Dario Amodei; OpenAI Dota Team, An Empirical Model of Large-Batch Training (2018-12-14).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; no full source, personal contact details or dataset imported."}},{"id":"source-miri-ml-agenda","documentId":"miri-ml-agenda","title":"Alignment for Advanced Machine Learning Systems","authors":["Jessica Taylor","Eliezer Yudkowsky","Patrick LaVictoire","Andrew Critch"],"publisher":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute","publisherId":"miri","publicationDate":"2016","version":"Publisher-hosted 25-page PDF inspected 2026-09-25. Work year corroborated by the 2016 announcement; PDF revision date unknown.","canonicalUrl":"https://intelligence.org/files/AlignmentMachineLearning.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://intelligence.org/files/AlignmentMachineLearning.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260922133238/https://intelligence.org/files/AlignmentMachineLearning.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-09-22","accessedAt":"2026-09-25","reuse":{"attribution":"Jessica Taylor; Eliezer Yudkowsky; Patrick LaVictoire; Andrew Critch, Alignment for Advanced Machine Learning Systems.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; source publications and personal contact details are not redistributed."}},{"id":"source-atlas-deep-rl","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":["David Silver"],"publisher":"DeepMind","publisherId":"deepmind","publicationDate":"2016-06-17","version":"Dated publisher page inspected 2026-09-28; current HTML, not an authenticated historical capture.","canonicalUrl":"https://deepmind.google/blog/deep-reinforcement-learning/","evidenceUrl":"https://deepmind.google/blog/deep-reinforcement-learning/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260917110136/https://deepmind.google/blog/deep-reinforcement-learning/","archivedAt":"2026-09-17","accessedAt":"2026-09-28","reuse":{"attribution":"David Silver. Deep Reinforcement Learning.","licence":"No redistribution licence asserted.","note":"Short attributed paraphrases only; original publication is linked, not redistributed."}},{"id":"source-atlas-alphafold-paper","documentId":"alphafold-paper","title":"Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold","authors":["John Jumper","Richard Evans","Alexander Pritzel","Tim Green","Michael Figurnov","Olaf Ronneberger","Kathryn Tunyasuvunakool","Russ Bates","Augustin Žídek","Anna Potapenko","Alex Bridgland","Clemens Meyer","Simon A. A. Kohl","Andrew J. Ballard","Andrew Cowie","Bernardino Romera-Paredes","Stanislav Nikolov","Rishub Jain","Jonas Adler","Trevor Back","Stig Petersen","David Reiman","Ellen Clancy","Michal Zielinski","Martin Steinegger","Michalina Pacholska","Tamas Berghammer","Sebastian Bodenstein","David Silver","Oriol Vinyals","Andrew W. Senior","Koray Kavukcuoglu","Pushmeet Kohli","Demis Hassabis"],"publisher":"Nature","publicationDate":"2021-07-15","version":"Nature 596, 583–589 (2021), DOI 10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2; version of record HTML.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2","evidenceUrl":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260923202227/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03819-2","archivedAt":"2026-09-23","accessedAt":"2026-09-28","reuse":{"attribution":"John Jumper; Richard Evans; Alexander Pritzel; et al.. Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold.","licence":"No redistribution licence asserted.","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-xm-research-programme","documentId":"xai-research-programme-2023","title":"Announcing Grok","authors":["xAI"],"publisher":"xAI","publisherId":"xai","publicationDate":"2023-11-03","version":"Dated publisher webpage as retrieved; not an authenticated historical capture.","canonicalUrl":"https://x.ai/news/grok","evidenceUrl":"https://x.ai/news/grok","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260923152552/https://x.ai/news/grok","archivedAt":"2026-09-23","accessedAt":"2026-09-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Announcing Grok — xAI","licence":"No redistribution licence asserted.","note":"Source-linked metadata and brief evidence paraphrases; original text remains with its publisher."}},{"id":"source-cn-v3","title":"DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report","authors":["DeepSeek-AI"],"publisher":"DeepSeek-AI","publisherId":"deepseek","publicationDate":"2024-12-27","version":"Source language: English (en). arXiv:2412.19437v1; fixed first version.","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/html/2412.19437v1","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/html/2412.19437v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-09-29","reuse":{"attribution":"DeepSeek-AI, DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report (2024-12-27).","licence":"No redistribution licence asserted for this source expression","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; model licensing is distinct from source-document reuse."}},{"id":"source-cn-qwen","title":"Qwen Technical Report","authors":["Jinze Bai","Shuai Bai","Yunfei Chu","Zeyu Cui","Kai Dang","Xiaodong Deng","Yang Fan","Wenbin Ge","Yu Han","Fei Huang","Binyuan Hui","Luo Ji","Mei Li","Junyang Lin","Runji Lin","Dayiheng Liu","Gao Liu","Chengqiang Lu","Keming Lu","Jianxin Ma","Rui Men","Xingzhang Ren","Xuancheng Ren","Chuanqi Tan","Sinan Tan","Jianhong Tu","Peng Wang","Shijie Wang","Wei Wang","Shengguang Wu","Benfeng Xu","Jin Xu","An Yang","Hao Yang","Jian Yang","Shusheng Yang","Yang Yao","Bowen Yu","Hongyi Yuan","Zheng Yuan","Jianwei Zhang","Xingxuan Zhang","Yichang Zhang","Zhenru Zhang","Chang Zhou","Jingren Zhou","Xiaohuan Zhou","Tianhang Zhu"],"publisher":"Qwen Team, Alibaba Group","publicationDate":"2023-09-28","version":"Source language: English (en). arXiv:2309.16609v1; fixed first version.","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/html/2309.16609v1","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/html/2309.16609v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-09-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Qwen Team, Alibaba Group, Qwen Technical Report (2023-09-28).","licence":"No redistribution licence asserted for this source expression","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases only; model licensing is distinct from source-document reuse."}},{"id":"source-ms-fgf-2025","documentId":"ms-fgf-2025","title":"Frontier Governance Framework — Version 1 (February 2025)","authors":["Microsoft"],"publisher":"Microsoft","publisherId":"microsoft","publicationDate":"2025-02","version":"Frontier Governance Framework, Version 1 (February 2025); its change log reads “8 February 2025 – First version”. The file served at the recorded address (last modified 2025-02-12) is byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2025-02-26, the earliest located.","versionDate":"2025-02-08","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft-Frontier-Governance-Framework.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft-Frontier-Governance-Framework.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250226161803/https://cdn-dynmedia-1.microsoft.com/is/content/microsoftcorp/microsoft/final/en-us/microsoft-brand/documents/Microsoft-Frontier-Governance-Framework.pdf","archivedAt":"2025-02-26","accessedAt":"2026-10-03","reuse":{"attribution":"Microsoft, Frontier Governance Framework, Version 1 (February 2025).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-fasc-2024","documentId":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments-2024","title":"Frontier AI Safety Commitments, AI Seoul Summit 2024","authors":["Department for Science, Innovation and Technology"],"publisher":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","publisherId":"dsit","publicationDate":"2024-05-21","version":"GOV.UK HTML publication, first published 21 May 2024 and updated 7 February 2025 to add organisations to the list; inspected live 2026-10-04. The Internet Archive capture of 2024-05-21 (11:05 UTC) has the sixteen-name list only, and the commitment text quoted is identical in both. Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (GOV.UK).","versionDate":"2025-02-07","canonicalUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024","evidenceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240521110530/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024","archivedAt":"2024-05-21","accessedAt":"2026-10-04","reuse":{"attribution":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, Frontier AI Safety Commitments, AI Seoul Summit 2024 (GOV.UK).","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0 (GOV.UK content); quoted briefly under the editorial policy","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-fasc-2024-page","title":"Frontier AI Safety Commitments, AI Seoul Summit 2024 (publication page and change history)","authors":["Department for Science, Innovation and Technology"],"publisher":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","publisherId":"dsit","publicationDate":"2024-05-21","version":"GOV.UK publication page inspected live 2026-10-04 together with its record in the GOV.UK content API, whose change history gives “First published.” (2024-05-20T23:00Z, that is 21 May 2024 in UK time) and “Additional organisations added to the existing list…” (2025-02-07T11:34:10Z). Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (GOV.UK).","canonicalUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024","evidenceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260927224239/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024","archivedAt":"2026-09-27","accessedAt":"2026-10-04","reuse":{"attribution":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, Frontier AI Safety Commitments publication page (GOV.UK).","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0 (GOV.UK content)","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-turing-1947-amt-b-1","documentId":"turing-1947-lms-lecture","title":"Lecture to the London Mathematical Society on 20 February 1947 (AMT/B/1)","authors":["Alan M. Turing"],"publisher":"The Turing Digital Archive, King’s College, Cambridge","publicationDate":null,"version":"Annotated typescript photocopy, scans 30–31 (typescript pp. 23–24), inspected by the pre-1996 candidate search.","canonicalUrl":"https://turingarchive.kings.cam.ac.uk/publications-lectures-and-talks-amtb/amt-b-1","evidenceUrl":"https://turingarchive.kings.cam.ac.uk/publications-lectures-and-talks-amtb/amt-b-1","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260428003931/https://mediadepot.kings.cam.ac.uk/getmedia/25/3aba98a45870caf929342f032cd994f63c0557583c01548254049a5b45e4707961faef9d296e03c59ed624cadf5f06cf83c01085ec35e872c2614eece1618786","archivedAt":"2026-04-28","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Alan M. Turing, lecture of 20 February 1947, Turing Digital Archive AMT/B/1, King’s College, Cambridge.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases only: archive scans are provided for research and their images are not reproduced. Phrases in quotation marks inside a paraphrase identify the source's wording."}},{"id":"source-vinge-1983-omni-scan","documentId":"vinge-1983-first-word","title":"First Word (Omni, January 1983, p. 10)","authors":["Vernor Vinge"],"publisher":"Omni","publicationDate":"1983-01","version":"One-page scan hosted by gwern.net, read as an image by the pre-1996 candidate search and a later machine check.","canonicalUrl":"https://gwern.net/doc/transhumanism/1983-vinge.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://gwern.net/doc/transhumanism/1983-vinge.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Vernor Vinge, \"First Word\", Omni, January 1983, p. 10.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases only: the inspected scan is a third-party copy whose permission to host is not established. Phrases in quotation marks inside a paraphrase identify the source's wording."}},{"id":"source-extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5159","documentId":"extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5159","title":"Re: Goal-based AI (Extropians mailing list)","authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"Extropians mailing list","publicationDate":"1996-12-31","version":"Archive HTML as served, retrieved 2026-10-06 with the hash recorded by the 1996–2022 candidate search; quoted lines excluded when reading the author’s text. Archive at extropians.weidai.com.","canonicalUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.96/5159.html","evidenceUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.96/5159.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150427131410/http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.96/5159.html","archivedAt":"2015-04-27","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer Yudkowsky, \"Re: Goal-based AI\", Extropians mailing list, 1996-12-31.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-extropians-1998-09-24-hanson","documentId":"extropians-1998-09-24-hanson","title":"AI big wins (was: Punctuated Equilibrium Theory) (Extropians mailing list)","authors":["Robin Hanson"],"publisher":"Extropians mailing list","publicationDate":"1998-09-24","version":"Archive HTML as served, retrieved 2026-10-06 with the hash recorded by the 1996–2022 candidate search; quoted lines excluded when reading the author’s text. Archive at extropians.weidai.com.","canonicalUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.3Q98/2611.html","evidenceUrl":"http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.3Q98/2611.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20150428002928/http://extropians.weidai.com/extropians.3Q98/2611.html","archivedAt":"2015-04-28","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Robin Hanson, \"AI big wins (was: Punctuated Equilibrium Theory)\", Extropians mailing list, 1998-09-24.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-aipnfgr-miri-reprint","documentId":"ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk","title":"Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk (MIRI reprint)","authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"Machine Intelligence Research Institute","publisherId":"miri","publicationDate":"2008","version":"MIRI reprint, \"This version contains minor changes\", retrieved 2026-10-06 with the hash recorded by the 1996–2022 candidate search; byte-identical to the capture of 2013-03-02.","canonicalUrl":"https://intelligence.org/files/AIPosNegFactor.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://intelligence.org/files/AIPosNegFactor.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20130302173022/http://intelligence.org/files/AIPosNegFactor.pdf","archivedAt":"2013-03-02","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer Yudkowsky, \"Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk\", in Global Catastrophic Risks (2008); MIRI reprint.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-aipnfgr-2006-draft","documentId":"ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Global Risk (SIAI draft of 5 February 2006)","authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence","publicationDate":"2006-02-05","version":"Draft PDF as captured by the Internet Archive on 2006-07-08, retrieved 2026-10-06. The draft asks not to be quoted without permission, so it is cited for the presence and date of the wording, not quoted.","canonicalUrl":"http://www.singinst.org/AIRisk.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060708192313/http://www.singinst.org:80/AIRisk.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20060708192313/http://www.singinst.org:80/AIRisk.pdf","archivedAt":"2006-07-08","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer Yudkowsky, \"Artificial Intelligence and Global Risk\", SIAI draft of 5 February 2006.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and labelled paraphrases only: the draft asks not to be quoted without permission. Phrases in quotation marks inside a paraphrase identify the source's wording."}},{"id":"source-lw-2017-theres-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial","documentId":"lw-2017-theres-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial","title":"There's No Fire Alarm for Artificial General Intelligence","authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"LessWrong","publicationDate":"2017-10-13","version":"Post body retrieved through the LessWrong GraphQL API on 2026-10-06 (SHA-256 cfa915be6c74c0b6463dd2d92069c39ba3016a66ee3e06c38199542b52cb0ed0), content version 1.0.0.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/BEtzRE2M5m9YEAQpX/there-s-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial-general-intelligence","evidenceUrl":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/BEtzRE2M5m9YEAQpX/there-s-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial-general-intelligence","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260930001637/https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/BEtzRE2M5m9YEAQpX/there-s-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial-general-intelligence","archivedAt":"2026-09-30","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer Yudkowsky, “There's No Fire Alarm for Artificial General Intelligence”, LessWrong, 2017-10-13.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-lw-2021-biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick","documentId":"lw-2021-biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick","title":"Biology-Inspired AGI Timelines: The Trick That Never Works","authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"LessWrong","publicationDate":"2021-12-01","version":"Post body retrieved through the LessWrong GraphQL API on 2026-10-06 (SHA-256 7d03bcd4a2d4850038846500a9b92dafb365e6d12dabd0fc8d22a20ea75d080c), content version 1.2.0; quotations also compared with the posting-day version 1.0.0.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ax695frGJEzGxFBK4/biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick-that-never-works","evidenceUrl":"https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ax695frGJEzGxFBK4/biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick-that-never-works","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260910002501/https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ax695frGJEzGxFBK4/biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick-that-never-works","archivedAt":"2026-09-10","accessedAt":"2026-10-06","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer Yudkowsky, “Biology-Inspired AGI Timelines: The Trick That Never Works”, LessWrong, 2021-12-01.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-sl4-2001-04-06-yudkowsky-0104-0956","documentId":"sl4-2001-04-06-yudkowsky-0104-0956","title":"Re: Singularity intros (was: Si definition of Friendliess) (SL4 mailing list)","authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"SL4 mailing list","publicationDate":"2001-04-06","version":"Archive HTML as served, retrieved 2026-10-07 (SHA-256 42ba5e88fcbf40f691c1e13e83f50485ceb0c23316bf1e1d3da2bae9d97c17c7); quoted lines excluded when reading the author’s text. The served archive shows later URL rewriting and does not authenticate historical bytes. Archive at sl4.org.","canonicalUrl":"http://sl4.org/archive/0104/0956.html","evidenceUrl":"http://sl4.org/archive/0104/0956.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210124090810/http://sl4.org/archive/0104/0956.html","archivedAt":"2021-01-24","accessedAt":"2026-10-07","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer Yudkowsky, “Re: Singularity intros (was: Si definition of Friendliess)”, SL4 mailing list, 2001-04-06.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551","documentId":"sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551","title":"Re: supergoal stability (SL4 mailing list)","authors":["Eliezer Yudkowsky"],"publisher":"SL4 mailing list","publicationDate":"2002-05-03","version":"Archive HTML as served, retrieved 2026-10-07 (SHA-256 7669bc17ecbbc641fb8377adc6b034b6cec911c527d0a2be683ed53c7a3ee06c); quoted lines excluded when reading the author’s text. The served archive shows later URL rewriting and does not authenticate historical bytes. Archive at sl4.org.","canonicalUrl":"http://sl4.org/archive/0205/3551.html","evidenceUrl":"http://sl4.org/archive/0205/3551.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260313211737/http://sl4.org/archive/0205/3551.html","archivedAt":"2026-03-13","accessedAt":"2026-10-07","reuse":{"attribution":"Eliezer Yudkowsky, “Re: supergoal stability”, SL4 mailing list, 2002-05-03.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai","documentId":"trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai","title":"Economic Growth under Transformative AI: A guide to the vast range of possibilities for output growth, wages, and the labor share","authors":["Philip Trammell","Anton Korinek"],"publisher":"Global Priorities Institute Working Paper No. 8-2020","publicationDate":"2021-02-04","version":"Wayback capture of the GPI PDF (text dated 2021-02-04); compared with a capture of NBER Working Paper 31815 (2023). Capture retrieved 2026-10-08 (SHA-256 8f2ec30dd60480d9d46847c94873df53da83535c2b1431d598a0fae0270d8c12). Versions: GPI Working Paper 8-2020 (2020-10 (series cover)): not retrieved; GPI revision (2021-02-04): checked; GPI revision (2023-02-03): retrieved 2026-10-10 as a current copy; not the checked expression; NBER Working Paper 31815 (2023-10): compared; Annual Review of Economics 18 (2026 (Crossref issue date 2026-08-07)): not retrieved. Published version: Trammell, P., & Korinek, A. (2026). Economic growth under transformative AI. Annual Review of Economics, 18, 589–611. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-051624-061002 Working papers: GPI Working Paper No. 8-2020 (October 2020; checked revision 2021-02-04); NBER Working Paper No. 31815 (2023), https://doi.org/10.3386/w31815. Crossref gives the journal article's issue date as 2026-08-07; its wording was not retrieved.","canonicalUrl":"https://globalprioritiesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/Philip-Trammell-and-Anton-Korinek_economic-growth-under-transformative-ai.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210625163331/https://globalprioritiesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/Philip-Trammell-and-Anton-Korinek_economic-growth-under-transformative-ai.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20210625163331/https://globalprioritiesinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/Philip-Trammell-and-Anton-Korinek_economic-growth-under-transformative-ai.pdf","archivedAt":"2021-06-25","accessedAt":"2026-10-08","reuse":{"attribution":"Philip Trammell, Anton Korinek, “Economic Growth under Transformative AI: A guide to the vast range of possibilities for output growth, wages, and the labor share”, Global Priorities Institute Working Paper No. 8-2020, 2021-02-04.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-acemoglu-restrepo-2019-wrong-kind-of-ai","documentId":"acemoglu-restrepo-2019-wrong-kind-of-ai","title":"The Wrong Kind of AI? Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Labor Demand","authors":["Daron Acemoglu","Pascual Restrepo"],"publisher":"NBER Working Paper 25682","publicationDate":"2019-03","version":"Full text. Current copy retrieved directly on 2026-10-09; no archive capture (Wayback unreachable), so earlier bytes are not authenticated. SHA-256 54ad101804ab7d30ba6d136f413b1c871ffec0a273dbec290c009acd7ad32100.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w25682/w25682.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w25682/w25682.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-09","reuse":{"attribution":"Daron Acemoglu, Pascual Restrepo, “The Wrong Kind of AI? Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Labor Demand”, NBER Working Paper 25682, 2019-03.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-gans-2018-self-regulating-agi","documentId":"gans-2018-self-regulating-agi","title":"Self-Regulating Artificial General Intelligence","authors":["Joshua S. Gans"],"publisher":"NBER Working Paper 24352","publicationDate":"2018-02","version":"Current copy (NBER PDF), no archive capture compared. Retrieved 2026-10-11. SHA-256 80c9e1edf896eda6d385f65d3a656ce31ebc61c8aed053eeff52baf4b8f4ec8a.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w24352/w24352.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w24352/w24352.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-11","reuse":{"attribution":"Joshua S. Gans, “Self-Regulating Artificial General Intelligence”, NBER Working Paper 24352, 2018-02.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk","documentId":"jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk","title":"How Much Should We Spend to Reduce A.I.'s Existential Risk?","authors":["Charles I. Jones"],"publisher":"NBER Working Paper 33602","publicationDate":"2025-03","version":"Current copy (NBER PDF), no archive capture compared. Retrieved 2026-10-11. SHA-256 56417f65f9c799c22def31f110fef4bd3608c259096f65e3938b95164cfd9dd1.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w33602/w33602.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w33602/w33602.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-11","reuse":{"attribution":"Charles I. Jones, “How Much Should We Spend to Reduce A.I.'s Existential Risk?”, NBER Working Paper 33602, 2025-03.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-gs-brundage-leaving-2024","title":"Why I’m Leaving OpenAI and What I’m Doing Next","authors":["Miles Brundage"],"publisher":"Miles’s Substack","publicationDate":"2024-10-23","version":"Dated post, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 32b123e843472450454fca5a9ae0334bd6d97dbeabd8d10c8bc1a54c94fef0de) directly from the publisher.","canonicalUrl":"https://milesbrundage.substack.com/p/why-im-leaving-openai-and-what-im","evidenceUrl":"https://milesbrundage.substack.com/p/why-im-leaving-openai-and-what-im","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261012170141/https://milesbrundage.substack.com/p/why-im-leaving-openai-and-what-im","archivedAt":"2026-10-12","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"Miles Brundage, “Why I’m Leaving OpenAI and What I’m Doing Next”, 2024-10-23.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-gs-oai-chief-futurist-2026","title":"Introducing Our Chief Futurist (The Prompt: Insights from OpenAI Global Affairs)","authors":["OpenAI Global Affairs (Substack newsletter)"],"publisher":"OpenAI Global Affairs (Substack newsletter)","publicationDate":"2026-02-11","version":"Dated post, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 f28407fafa89c9525de3b5ade83b769b97458c6236018ceb4b997575dbb8ce85) directly from the publisher. OpenAI's Global Affairs newsletter; the section used is written in the first person by Josh Achiam.","canonicalUrl":"https://openaiglobalaffairs.substack.com/p/introducing-our-chief-futurist","evidenceUrl":"https://openaiglobalaffairs.substack.com/p/introducing-our-chief-futurist","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260906071729/https://openaiglobalaffairs.substack.com/p/introducing-our-chief-futurist","archivedAt":"2026-09-06","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"OpenAI Global Affairs (Substack newsletter), “Introducing Our Chief Futurist (The Prompt: Insights from OpenAI Global Affairs)”, 2026-02-11.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-gw-apple-giannandrea-2025","title":"John Giannandrea to retire from Apple","authors":["Apple"],"publisher":"Apple Newsroom","publicationDate":"2025-12-01","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 0c82e3e052f6f538cae379dddb18cb89bf7192569a7027e9117e88bbde6f1b81) directly from the publisher.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/12/john-giannandrea-to-retire-from-apple/","evidenceUrl":"https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/12/john-giannandrea-to-retire-from-apple/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260921181604/https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2025/12/john-giannandrea-to-retire-from-apple/","archivedAt":"2026-09-21","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"Apple, “John Giannandrea to retire from Apple”, 2025-12-01.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-gw-periodic-home","title":"Periodic Labs (homepage, undated)","authors":["Periodic Labs"],"publisher":"Periodic Labs","publisherId":"periodic-labs","publicationDate":null,"version":"Undated page, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 8d262e58bf27fbb6fbabac8c611c6e53bee905a903bdaf2d7254a449ca628add) directly from the publisher. Its wording can change; earlier wording is not authenticated.","canonicalUrl":"https://periodic.com/","evidenceUrl":"https://periodic.com/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261011235013/https://periodic.com/","archivedAt":"2026-10-11","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"Periodic Labs, “Periodic Labs (homepage, undated)”.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-gw-tc-periodic-2025","title":"Former OpenAI and DeepMind researchers raise whopping $300M seed to automate science","authors":["TechCrunch"],"publisher":"TechCrunch","publicationDate":"2025-09-30","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 ebc8c38eabb88a27e26e02ac2abac52d6b0fb57003d262c3735f733da51f49cd) directly from the publisher.","canonicalUrl":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/30/former-openai-and-deepmind-researchers-raise-whopping-300m-seed-to-automate-science/","evidenceUrl":"https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/30/former-openai-and-deepmind-researchers-raise-whopping-300m-seed-to-automate-science/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260925130641/https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/30/former-openai-and-deepmind-researchers-raise-whopping-300m-seed-to-automate-science/","archivedAt":"2026-09-25","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"TechCrunch, “Former OpenAI and DeepMind researchers raise whopping $300M seed to automate science”, 2025-09-30.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2022","title":"OpenAI leadership team update","authors":["Sam Altman"],"publisher":"OpenAI","publisherId":"openai","publicationDate":"2022-05-05","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 ccdb6a29e5606701bc9836bb19884e131396ccec9a57f9a3c17f654ddfabd894) through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy.","canonicalUrl":"https://openai.com/index/leadership-team-update/","evidenceUrl":"https://openai.com/index/leadership-team-update/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260830045254/https://openai.com/index/leadership-team-update/","archivedAt":"2026-08-30","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"Sam Altman, “OpenAI leadership team update”, 2022-05-05.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2025","title":"Leadership updates","authors":["Sam Altman"],"publisher":"OpenAI","publisherId":"openai","publicationDate":"2025-03-24","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 b46789a41bcb7d63909c072dadd57a9a0201fb8547627ff405084de2a7004055) through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy.","canonicalUrl":"https://openai.com/index/leadership-updates-march-2025/","evidenceUrl":"https://openai.com/index/leadership-updates-march-2025/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260919032231/https://openai.com/index/leadership-updates-march-2025/","archivedAt":"2026-09-19","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"Sam Altman, “Leadership updates”, 2025-03-24.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"lg-src-oai-tc-mcgrew-2024","title":"OpenAI’s chief research officer has left following CTO Mira Murati’s exit","authors":["Kyle Wiggers"],"publisher":"TechCrunch","publicationDate":"2024-09-25","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-15 (SHA-256 55f6630b17d7f073216fecc85a4fc17bd1c93a094433fa6983bd3dac2f0c5f3d) directly from the publisher. Reporting used because Altman’s and McGrew’s notes were posted on X as long-form or image posts whose full text could not be retrieved.","canonicalUrl":"https://techcrunch.com/2024/09/25/openais-chief-research-officer-has-left/","evidenceUrl":"https://techcrunch.com/2024/09/25/openais-chief-research-officer-has-left/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260730012154/https://techcrunch.com/2024/09/25/openais-chief-research-officer-has-left/","archivedAt":"2026-07-30","accessedAt":"2026-10-15","reuse":{"attribution":"Kyle Wiggers, “OpenAI’s chief research officer has left following CTO Mira Murati’s exit”, 2024-09-25.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-paris-ai-action-statement-2025-web","documentId":"paris-ai-action-statement-2025-web","title":"Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet","authors":["Présidence de la République française (Élysée)"],"publisher":"Élysée (Présidence de la République française)","publisherId":"elysee","publicationDate":"2025-02-11","version":"Retrieved on 2026-10-27 (SHA-256 6d4bdcba5f263bbe9b3c2b79effda5382df06fef73d849aa5e48bdc1aac15cdf). English web page 'Posted on 11 February 2025', as served on 2026-10-27; the page shows no update date, so when its signatory list took this form is not known Its wording can change; earlier wording is not authenticated.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and-the-planet","evidenceUrl":"https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and-the-planet","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-27","reuse":{"attribution":"Présidence de la République française (Élysée), “Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet”, 2025-02-11.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-us-ai-action-plan-2025","documentId":"us-ai-action-plan-2025","title":"Winning the Race: America’s AI Action Plan (July 2025)","authors":["The White House"],"publisher":"The White House","publisherId":"us-white-house","publicationDate":"2025-07","version":"Retrieved on 2026-10-27 (SHA-256 91d56ab3ddefe43f395bde31e1c3923fb37f47091275aaf2a0d7da500ff547f4). PDF as served at whitehouse.gov on 2026-10-27; cover dated \"JULY 2025\". The PDF text still uses \"AI\".","canonicalUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Americas-AI-Action-Plan.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Americas-AI-Action-Plan.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-27","reuse":{"attribution":"The White House, “Winning the Race: America’s AI Action Plan (July 2025)”, 2025-07.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-pp-microsoft-8k-2014-02-04","title":"Microsoft Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K (4 February 2014)","authors":["Microsoft Corporation (filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission)"],"publisher":"Microsoft Corporation (filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission)","publicationDate":"2014-02-04","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 5ccd0cbb59d53ba349a338452c2c62551a9e477cfe245e785e39474541302399). Form 8-K as filed on EDGAR, accession 0001193125-14-035080 (Item 5.02).","canonicalUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/789019/000119312514035080/d669538d8k.htm","evidenceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/789019/000119312514035080/d669538d8k.htm","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Microsoft Corporation (filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission), “Microsoft Corporation Current Report on Form 8-K (4 February 2014)”, 2014-02-04.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-pp-microsoft-def14a-2026","title":"Microsoft Corporation 2026 Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A, definitive)","authors":["Microsoft Corporation (filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission)"],"publisher":"Microsoft Corporation (filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission)","publicationDate":"2026-10-21","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 3a399e196b5a1a87f552253c1dfb807b56342ff01132294d352e26d58435faee). Definitive proxy statement as filed on EDGAR, accession 0001193125-26-427849; board letter dated 21 October 2026.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/789019/000119312526427849/d61756ddef14a.htm","evidenceUrl":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/789019/000119312526427849/d61756ddef14a.htm","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Microsoft Corporation (filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission), “Microsoft Corporation 2026 Proxy Statement (Schedule 14A, definitive)”, 2026-10-21.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-aib-ahlmann-eltze-2025-natmethods","documentId":"aib-doc-ahlmann-eltze-2025","title":"Deep-learning-based gene perturbation effect prediction does not yet outperform simple linear baselines","authors":["Constantin Ahlmann-Eltze","Wolfgang Huber","Simon Anders"],"publisher":"Nature Methods","publicationDate":"2025-08-04","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 3ad786d9b77f25dae848ab4354e643e1327a3ca8b792a4d577caf75654567656). Nature Methods article page, version of record of 4 August 2025, as served on 2026-10-30.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-025-02772-6","evidenceUrl":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-025-02772-6","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-30","reuse":{"attribution":"Constantin Ahlmann-Eltze, Wolfgang Huber, Simon Anders, “Deep-learning-based gene perturbation effect prediction does not yet outperform simple linear baselines”, 2025-08-04.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-kp-constitutional-ai-harmlessness-from-ai-2022-v1","documentId":"kp-constitutional-ai-harmlessness-from-ai-2022","title":"Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback","authors":["Yuntao Bai","Saurav Kadavath","Sandipan Kundu","Amanda Askell","Jackson Kernion","Andy Jones","Anna Chen","Anna Goldie","Azalia Mirhoseini","Cameron McKinnon","Carol Chen","Catherine Olsson","Christopher Olah","Danny Hernandez","Dawn Drain","Deep Ganguli","Dustin Li","Eli Tran-Johnson","Ethan Perez","Jamie Kerr","Jared Mueller","Jeffrey Ladish","Joshua Landau","Kamal Ndousse","Kamile Lukosuite","Liane Lovitt","Michael Sellitto","Nelson Elhage","Nicholas Schiefer","Noemi Mercado","Nova DasSarma","Robert Lasenby","Robin Larson","Sam Ringer","Scott Johnston","Shauna Kravec","Sheer El Showk","Stanislav Fort","Tamera Lanham","Timothy Telleen-Lawton","Tom Conerly","Tom Henighan","Tristan Hume","Samuel R. Bowman","Zac Hatfield-Dodds","Ben Mann","Dario Amodei","Nicholas Joseph","Sam McCandlish","Tom Brown","Jared Kaplan"],"publisher":"arXiv","publicationDate":"2022-12-15","version":"arXiv:2212.08073v1, submitted 15 December 2022 (UTC). Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 9a456a07ad346e3372f9867d346f69f5b0f68b4c65f060aca0b8a13fa9d98e83). The author list is the byline as printed on the first page.","versionDate":"2022-12-15","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.08073v1","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.08073v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"Yuntao Bai and others, “Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback”, 2022-12-15.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-kp-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning-2022-v1","documentId":"kp-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning-2022","title":"Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models","authors":["Jason Wei","Xuezhi Wang","Dale Schuurmans","Maarten Bosma","Ed Chi","Quoc Le","Denny Zhou"],"publisher":"arXiv","publicationDate":"2022-01-28","version":"arXiv:2201.11903v1, submitted 28 January 2022 (UTC). Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 3d40493ec4bcba922882db6e29e394eb9a2449721a5eb94f05e47aee7ad46752). The author list is the byline as printed on the first page.","versionDate":"2022-01-28","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11903v1","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.11903v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"Jason Wei, Xuezhi Wang, Dale Schuurmans, Maarten Bosma, Ed Chi, Quoc Le, Denny Zhou, “Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models”, 2022-01-28.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-th-a-lighthill-1973","documentId":"th-lighthill-1973-general-survey","title":"Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey (Lighthill), Part I of the Lighthill Report","authors":["James Lighthill"],"publisher":"Science Research Council (publisher); transcription hosted by chilton-computing.org.uk","publicationDate":"1973","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 2189f12803cb2cee3a80c429efcab1c2398f34ae7d90e038e688084583b36694). HTML transcription on chilton-computing.org.uk (Chilton Computing / UKRI STFC), Part I page p001","canonicalUrl":"http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/inf/literature/reports/lighthill_report/p001.htm","evidenceUrl":"http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/inf/literature/reports/lighthill_report/p001.htm","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"James Lighthill, “Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey (Lighthill), Part I of the Lighthill Report”, 1973.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-th-a-eliza-1966","documentId":"th-weizenbaum-1966-eliza","title":"ELIZA—A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man And Machine","authors":["Joseph Weizenbaum"],"publisher":"Communications of the ACM; scan hosted on a Stanford course page","publicationDate":"1966-01","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 3b18ed3ebf7c28670c215709e778c9b339055fb225b0286796bd0767197be041). Scan of the CACM printing (vol. 9, no. 1, p. 36 onward) with an OCR text layer that is noisy in places; hosted at web.stanford.edu/class/linguist238","canonicalUrl":"https://web.stanford.edu/class/linguist238/p36-weizenabaum.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://web.stanford.edu/class/linguist238/p36-weizenabaum.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Joseph Weizenbaum, “ELIZA—A Computer Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man And Machine”, 1966-01.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"c3-src-iflytek-prospectus-2008","title":"安徽科大讯飞信息科技股份有限公司首次公开发行股票招股说明书","authors":["安徽科大讯飞信息科技股份有限公司"],"publisher":"Anhui USTC iFlytek Co., Ltd. (via cninfo)","publicationDate":"2008-04-24","version":"Dated document, retrieved on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 2e56e7abfd8bd36eccbaabf81701311cc64c5d28ac2aabe0b45fdf92fc0a6c72) directly from the publisher. Version: cninfo finalpage/2008-04-24/39107260.PDF. IPO prospectus as published on cninfo on 24 April 2008. English title (machine translation): “Anhui USTC iFlytek Co., Ltd. — Prospectus for the initial public offering of shares”.","canonicalUrl":"https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2008-04-24/39107260.PDF","evidenceUrl":"https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2008-04-24/39107260.PDF","language":"zh-Hans","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"安徽科大讯飞信息科技股份有限公司, “安徽科大讯飞信息科技股份有限公司首次公开发行股票招股说明书”, 2008-04-24.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"c3-src-intern-s1-license","documentId":"intern-s1-licence","title":"Intern-S1 LICENSE.txt","authors":["InternLM"],"publisher":"InternLM (Hugging Face)","publicationDate":"2025-07-24","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 68b1e6dfad75985fd85f282872caab48bb1b2bcc90fd4226ba665a3a9ef09a09) directly from the publisher. Version: dad998bac39dd81fc6e4acf5b712f74202ddbce3. LICENSE.txt at the commit of 24 July 2025 (\"Upload LICENSE.txt\"); later edits not inspected.","canonicalUrl":"https://huggingface.co/internlm/Intern-S1/raw/dad998bac39dd81fc6e4acf5b712f74202ddbce3/LICENSE.txt","evidenceUrl":"https://huggingface.co/internlm/Intern-S1/raw/dad998bac39dd81fc6e4acf5b712f74202ddbce3/LICENSE.txt","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"InternLM, “Intern-S1 LICENSE.txt”, 2025-07-24.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"c3-src-intern-s1-card","title":"Intern-S1 model card (README.md)","authors":["InternLM"],"publisher":"InternLM (Hugging Face)","publicationDate":"2025-07-25","version":"Dated page, retrieved on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 b3bacfbf20c5615697da6a960cd4aacca04154b456faf7be4cc9540afccda26b) directly from the publisher. Version: ff0c7fd819c354410be3abe86a5163b94befe356. README at the commit of 25 July 2025 (\"Update README.md\"); the repository was initialised and the model uploaded on 24 July 2025; later edits not inspected.","canonicalUrl":"https://huggingface.co/internlm/Intern-S1/raw/ff0c7fd819c354410be3abe86a5163b94befe356/README.md","evidenceUrl":"https://huggingface.co/internlm/Intern-S1/raw/ff0c7fd819c354410be3abe86a5163b94befe356/README.md","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"InternLM, “Intern-S1 model card (README.md)”, 2025-07-25.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"c3-src-step5-license","documentId":"stepfun-model-licence-1-0","title":"Step-5-Preview LICENSE.txt (StepFun Model License 1.0)","authors":["StepFun"],"publisher":"StepFun (stepfun-ai, Hugging Face)","publicationDate":"2026-10-13","version":"Dated document, retrieved on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 01aa781a1a68a9007cb01dadf93ead44a31ee0dcd49e13c854c4129b4a894b83) directly from the publisher. Version: f3112587a3eb4b2144b93e95df52b7eb8c78bf7d. LICENSE.txt at the commit of 13 October 2026 (\"Upload 2 files\"), which added LICENSE.txt and LICENSE-CN.txt; the file at the commit of 15 October 2026 is byte-identical. The Chinese LICENSE-CN.txt was retrieved but not quoted.","canonicalUrl":"https://huggingface.co/stepfun-ai/Step-5-Preview/raw/f3112587a3eb4b2144b93e95df52b7eb8c78bf7d/LICENSE.txt","evidenceUrl":"https://huggingface.co/stepfun-ai/Step-5-Preview/raw/f3112587a3eb4b2144b93e95df52b7eb8c78bf7d/LICENSE.txt","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"StepFun, “Step-5-Preview LICENSE.txt (StepFun Model License 1.0)”, 2026-10-13.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-rd-altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1","documentId":"altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1","title":"Machine intelligence, part 1","authors":["Sam Altman"],"publisher":"Author's blog (blog.samaltman.com)","publicationDate":"2015-02-25","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 7001208dc834965a1e289f2c995225ffe3d1962a0e7f8a871ba991e085f500e1). Current blog page; the page carries no visible date in the retrieved text. The cross-family check retrieved it again on 2026-10-31, with the same bytes. The date of 25 February 2015 is not printed in the post's text; the cross-family check of 2026-10-31 could not confirm it from the page body.","canonicalUrl":"https://blog.samaltman.com/machine-intelligence-part-1","evidenceUrl":"https://blog.samaltman.com/machine-intelligence-part-1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Sam Altman, “Machine intelligence, part 1”, 2015-02-25.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-rd-bengio-2024-reasoning-through-arguments","documentId":"bengio-2024-reasoning-through-arguments","title":"Reasoning through arguments against taking AI safety seriously","authors":["Yoshua Bengio"],"publisher":"Author's blog (yoshuabengio.org)","publicationDate":"2024-07-09","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 061559ecadb381ae005f6ca5ec2904200c35fa017592f40da91558ca372e60b2). Current page; its metadata gives datePublished 2024-07-09 and dateModified 2025-12-03, and the page shows no revision note, so later edits cannot be excluded. The cross-family check retrieved it again on 2026-10-31, with the same bytes. The cross-family check of 2026-10-31 found the sampled passages on evidence and on open-sourcing in the capture of 9 July 2024, at the post's earlier address; nearby wording differs, so the whole page is not identical.","canonicalUrl":"https://yoshuabengio.org/en/blog/reasoning-through-arguments-against-taking-ai-safety-seriously","evidenceUrl":"https://yoshuabengio.org/en/blog/reasoning-through-arguments-against-taking-ai-safety-seriously","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240709213152/https://yoshuabengio.org/2024/07/09/reasoning-through-arguments-against-taking-ai-safety-seriously/","archivedAt":"2024-07-09","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Yoshua Bengio, “Reasoning through arguments against taking AI safety seriously”, 2024-07-09.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-rd-bostrom-2017-openness","documentId":"bostrom-2017-openness","title":"Strategic Implications of Openness in AI Development","authors":["Nick Bostrom"],"publisher":"Author's site (nickbostrom.com); published in Global Policy 8(2), 2017, doi:10.1111/1758-5899.12403","publicationDate":"2017","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 7c35bcb1a62fdec1093ca9e4faa122a1c7d4ee088f2fe784ea9aef70c8dd792b). Published version PDF (Global Policy, open access) as served on the author's site; no archive capture compared.","canonicalUrl":"https://nickbostrom.com/papers/openness.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://nickbostrom.com/papers/openness.pdf","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Nick Bostrom, “Strategic Implications of Openness in AI Development”, 2017.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-rd-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","documentId":"carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","title":"Is Power-Seeking AI an Existential Risk?","authors":["Joseph Carlsmith"],"publisher":"arXiv:2206.13353","publicationDate":"2022-06-16","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 3f434a070cd7842908e648eba79ecdddcb62ba09681cca86dfd18485157b9887). arXiv v1 PDF (2206.13353v1, 16 Jun 2022), which includes a \"May 2022 update\" to the abstract; the report is headed April 2021. The cross-family check retrieved it again on 2026-10-31, with the same bytes.","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.13353v1","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.13353v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Joseph Carlsmith, “Is Power-Seeking AI an Existential Risk?”, 2022-06-16.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-rd-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","documentId":"pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","title":"Response by Steven Pinker, in \"The Myth of AI\" (Reality Club discussion)","authors":["Steven Pinker"],"publisher":"Edge.org, conversation page \"The Myth of AI\" (Jaron Lanier, dated 14 November 2014), Reality Club discussion","publicationDate":"2014","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 6ea0800c969ae54c4fad372468aa5a9a557b4d25a081bee9b26d51048fd8d159). current Edge.org conversation page retrieved 2026-10-29 (the page states that the site is hosted by the Internet Archive); responses carry no individual dates. The cross-family check retrieved it again on 2026-10-31; the bytes differ, and the check compared the quoted passages. The cross-family check of 2026-10-31 found Pinker's passage on evolved drives in the capture of the conversation page of 16 November 2014; a capture attests only what the archive held on that date.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.edge.org/conversation/the-myth-of-ai","evidenceUrl":"https://www.edge.org/conversation/the-myth-of-ai","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20141116025552/http://edge.org/conversation/the-myth-of-ai","archivedAt":"2014-11-16","accessedAt":"2026-10-29","reuse":{"attribution":"Steven Pinker, “Response by Steven Pinker, in \"The Myth of AI\" (Reality Club discussion)”, 2014.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}}],"evidence":[{"id":"evidence-atlas-silver-deep-rl","claimId":"atlas-silver-deep-rl","sourceId":"source-atlas-deep-rl","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Byline below title","passage":"The byline names David Silver.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-28","note":"Original source passage checked by the machine agent that proposed the record. No independent machine audit or human source inspection is recorded for this increment."},{"id":"evidence-xm-scalable-oversight","claimId":"xm-scalable-oversight","sourceId":"source-xm-research-programme","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"“Research at xAI” / “Scalable oversight with tool assistance” bullet.","passage":"The agenda proposes tool-assisted human oversight and feedback at scale.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-29","note":"Passage checked by machine against the identified source expression. No human editorial acceptance or independent verification of implementation is implied."},{"id":"evidence-prov-ms-fgf-2025-deployment-decision-authority","claimId":"prov-ms-fgf-2025-deployment-decision-authority","sourceId":"source-ms-fgf-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10 (printed p. 9), §5 Governance, Risk-informed deployment decision, second paragraph, first sentence","passage":"The Executive Officers (or their delegates) will make the final decision on whether to approve the recommendation for secure and trustworthy deployment.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the inspected PDF, byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2025-02-26. Extraction note: The preceding paragraph identifies them as 'Executive Officers responsible for Microsoft’s AI governance program (or their delegates)', who receive the pre- and post-mitigation documentation and the deployment recommendation; the party making the recommendation is not named. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-prov-preparedness-v2-final-decision-authority","claimId":"prov-preparedness-v2-final-decision-authority","sourceId":"source-pf-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4 (printed p. 3), §1 Introduction, final paragraph, second sentence","passage":"OpenAI Leadership can approve or reject these recommendations, and our Board’s Safety and Security Committee provides oversight of these decisions.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the Internet Archive capture of 2025-04-15 (the edition as first captured) and the current file; the passage is identical in both. Extraction note: “these recommendations” refers to the preceding sentence: the SAG makes expert recommendations on the level and type of safeguards required for deploying frontier capabilities. Role “informed” reflects “provides oversight”, as in the recorded fgf-material-update-oversight. Appendix B (PDF p. 16, printed p. 15) defines OpenAI Leadership as the CEO or a person designated by them, gives the SSC visibility into processes and states that the Board may reverse a decision (not quoted). Identical in both copies. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-seoul-google-1","claimId":"cm-seoul-google","sourceId":"source-fasc-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening sentence and first list of organisations (sixteen names)","passage":"The text opens by stating that the UK and Republic of Korea governments announced that the listed organisations have agreed to the commitments, and the list includes “Google”.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression. The list is identical in the Internet Archive capture of 2024-05-21. The integrating session wrote or selected this passage from its own reading of the source; it does not repeat a passage from the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-seoul-nvidia-1","claimId":"cm-seoul-nvidia","sourceId":"source-fasc-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Second list of organisations, introduced as added to the existing list","passage":"The live page lists “NVIDIA” among four organisations added to the existing list of organisations that have agreed to the commitments.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression. The integrating session wrote or selected this passage from its own reading of the source; it does not repeat a passage from the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-seoul-nvidia-2","claimId":"cm-seoul-nvidia","sourceId":"source-fasc-2024-page","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Change history (“Updates to this page”), entry of 7 February 2025","passage":"The change history records that on 7 February 2025 additional organisations who have agreed to the commitments were added to the existing list.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Editorial paraphrase, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression. The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a2-turing-1947-context","claimId":"ts-a2-turing-1947-context","sourceId":"source-turing-1947-amt-b-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Typescript p. 23 (scan 30), opening paragraph; p. 24 (scan 31)","passage":"Turing wants a machine that learns from experience. Allowing it to alter its own instructions supplies a mechanism, but that alone is not enough; Turing cautions against expecting it to build extensive instruction tables without human training.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Paraphrase from the pre-1996 candidate search, whose scan inspection a later machine check retained. Not re-read for this collection."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a2-good-1965-context","claimId":"ts-a2-good-1965-context","sourceId":"source-good","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 2, printed p. 33 (scan page 3), paragraph on a science-fiction story","passage":"A machine unwilling to design its replacement could instead improve itself by acquiring new equipment.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Checked against the text layer of the inspected scan on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a4-vinge-1983-context","claimId":"ts-a4-vinge-1983-context","sourceId":"source-vinge-1983-omni-scan","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Omni p. 10, middle column","passage":"The column projects the first superhuman intelligence 20 to 100 years away.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Paraphrase from the pre-1996 candidate search."},{"id":"evidence-ts-b2-yudkowsky-1996-12-31-5159","claimId":"ts-b2-yudkowsky-1996-12-31-5159","sourceId":"source-extropians-1996-12-31-yudkowsky-5159","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message body, first and final unquoted paragraphs (the message opens with quoted text)","passage":"a malevolent Power will lie, cheat, manipulate us [...] The end result of your procedure is to free malevolent intelligences","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"The same passage as the B5 record."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a1-hanson-1998-09-24-contests","claimId":"ts-a1-hanson-1998-09-24-contests","sourceId":"source-extropians-1998-09-24-hanson","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message body, first unquoted paragraph","passage":"We've had \"positive feedback\" [...] for a long time. [...] Neither of these considerations obviously suggests a break with history.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Checked against the archive HTML on 2026-10-06; shortened from the candidate search’s quotation to fit the limit for a 217-word message. On 2026-10-30, by the maintainer’s decision of that day, the quotation was corrected to the archive capture of 2015-04-28 (quotation marks and apostrophes as in the capture), which a cross-family archive check read on 2026-10-28; the proposition is unchanged."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t08-a","claimId":"yk-y08-ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk-c","sourceId":"source-aipnfgr-miri-reprint","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"§8 Rates of Intelligence Increase, paragraph beginning 'First and foremost'","passage":"We cannot rely on having distant advance warning before AI is created; past technological revolutions usually did not telegraph themselves to people alive at the time, whatever was said afterward in hindsight.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Candidate pack passage T08-a. The quotation (32 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 5b5a2ec3252a45f65cdc0b899330af2cbd946e75a31b83d5fbd3aa581a23615d) when checked on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t08-a-draft","claimId":"yk-y08-ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk-c","sourceId":"source-aipnfgr-2006-draft","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Draft of 5 February 2006, as captured on 2006-07-08","passage":"The same wording appears in the draft dated 5 February 2006.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-08","note":"Compared on 2026-10-08 with the draft's PDF text layer after normalising quotation marks, dashes and whitespace. The draft asks not to be quoted without permission, so it is cited for the presence and date of the wording only."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t08-c","claimId":"yk-y08-lw-2017-theres-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial-c","sourceId":"source-lw-2017-theres-no-fire-alarm-for-artificial","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph beginning 'But no matter how the details play out'","passage":"I do predict in a very general sense that there will be no fire alarm that is not an actual running AGI--no unmistakable sign before then that everyone knows and agrees on…","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Candidate pack passage T08-c. The quotation (32 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 cfa915be6c74c0b6463dd2d92069c39ba3016a66ee3e06c38199542b52cb0ed0) when checked on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t24-a","claimId":"yk-y24-time-2023-shut-it-all-down-c","sourceId":"source-time-2023-shut-it-all-down","passage":"anyone talking of arms races is a fool. That we all live or die as one, in this, is not a policy but a fact of nature.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"evidence-yk-t24-s3","claimId":"yk-y24-sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551-a","sourceId":"source-sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"message body, paragraph beginning 'It currently looks to me like…'","passage":"Any AI project that tries this is beyond my sympathy; the only thing to do is try and beat them to the punch.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-07","note":"Candidate pack passage T24-s3. The quotation (23 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 7669bc17ecbbc641fb8377adc6b034b6cec911c527d0a2be683ed53c7a3ee06c) when checked on 2026-10-07.","contextOnly":{"reason":"An earlier position later contradicted but not explicitly retracted; never show alone","requires":"His 2023 statement that anyone talking of arms races is a fool, which does not refer back to this message.","claimIds":["yk-y24-time-2023-shut-it-all-down-c"]}},{"id":"evidence-ec-m06b-20","claimId":"ec-m06b-acemoglu-restrepo-2019-wrong-kind-of-ai-b","sourceId":"source-acemoglu-restrepo-2019-wrong-kind-of-ai","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 11; section on market failures in the direction of innovation (printed p. 9)","passage":"The second is related to the tax policies adopted in the United States and other Western nations, which subsidize capital and investment while taxing employment.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M06b-20 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (25 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 54ad101804ab7d30ba6d136f413b1c871ffec0a273dbec290c009acd7ad32100) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-lightcap-coo-2022-1","claimId":"lg-oai-lightcap-coo-2022","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2022","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph beginning “Brad Lightcap”","passage":"He will become Chief Operating Officer","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (6 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-lightcap-coo-2022-2","claimId":"lg-oai-lightcap-coo-2022","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Paragraph beginning “Brad Lightcap”","passage":"The March 2025 update says Lightcap, as Chief Operating Officer, is expanding his role to oversee business and day-to-day operations.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Brad Lightcap, as Chief Operating Officer” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","claimId":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-tc-mcgrew-2024","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph listing Altman's leadership changes","passage":"Josh Achiam, a research scientist, will be taking on a new role as head of mission alignment.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (17 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024-self","claimId":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-oai-chief-futurist-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section “[News] From our Chief Futurist”, paragraph 2","passage":"most recently as Head of Mission Alignment","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (7 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024-brundage","claimId":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-brundage-leaving-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Section “What’s happening to the AGI Readiness team?”","passage":"I’m working closely with Josh Achiam on transfer of some projects to the Mission Alignment team he is building","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (19 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-giannandrea-apple-departure-2025","claimId":"lg-gw-giannandrea-apple-departure-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-apple-giannandrea-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 1","passage":"John Giannandrea, Apple’s senior vice president for Machine Learning and AI Strategy, is stepping down from his position and will serve as an advisor to the company before retiring in the spring of 2026.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (34 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-fedus-cofounded-periodic-labs-tc","claimId":"lg-gw-fedus-cofounded-periodic-labs","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-tc-periodic-2025","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 2","passage":"Periodic Labs was founded by Ekin Dogus Cubuk and Liam Fedus.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (11 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-fedus-cofounded-periodic-labs-home","claimId":"lg-gw-fedus-cofounded-periodic-labs","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-periodic-home","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Section “Who we are”, list of names after the founding-team statement","passage":"The section opens “Our founding team co-created ChatGPT …” and is followed by an alphabetical list of 23 names that includes Liam Fedus.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Liam Fedus” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-subramanya-google-gemini-engineering-prior","claimId":"lg-gw-subramanya-google-gemini-engineering-prior","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-apple-giannandrea-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 3","passage":"previously spent 16 years at Google, where he was head of engineering for Google’s Gemini Assistant prior to his departure","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (20 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2001-04-06-yudkowsky-0104-0956","claimId":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2001-04-06-yudkowsky-0104-0956","sourceId":"source-sl4-2001-04-06-yudkowsky-0104-0956","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2021-biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick","claimId":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2021-biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick","sourceId":"source-lw-2021-biology-inspired-agi-timelines-the-trick","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Post author list in the publisher’s post data (LessWrong GraphQL API)","passage":"Eliezer Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval through the publisher’s post data. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v3-4-d7-internal-1","claimId":"cmp-rsp-v3-4-d7-internal","sourceId":"source-rsp-3-4","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 16, §4 Governance, item 3 ('Internal transparency')","passage":"The edition says final Risk Reports without redactions will be shared with many Anthropic employees (at least 200).","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The same item says minimally redacted Risk Reports will go to all regular-clearance staff. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v3-4-d7-internal-2","claimId":"cmp-rsp-v3-4-d7-internal","sourceId":"source-rsp-3-4","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 16, §4 Governance, item 2 ('Long Term Benefit Trust')","passage":"The edition says Anthropic will brief the LTBT regularly on plans and developments relating to its Risk Reports, including model training.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-fl-intl-paris-statement-published-1","claimId":"fl-intl-paris-statement-published","sourceId":"source-paris-ai-action-statement-2025-web","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Page header","passage":"Posted on 11 February 2025","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (5 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.elysee.fr. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 12) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-ai-action-plan-state-funding-1","claimId":"fl-us-ai-action-plan-state-funding","sourceId":"source-us-ai-action-plan-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Pillar I, \"Remove Red Tape and Onerous Regulation\", Recommended Policy Actions, PDF p. 6","passage":"consider a state's AI regulatory climate when making funding decisions and limit funding if the state's AI regulatory regimes may hinder the effectiveness of that funding or award","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (28 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.whitehouse.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-ai-action-plan-state-funding-2","claimId":"fl-us-ai-action-plan-state-funding","sourceId":"source-us-ai-action-plan-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Pillar I, \"Remove Red Tape and Onerous Regulation\", introductory paragraph, PDF p. 6","passage":"should also not interfere with states' rights to pass prudent laws that are not unduly restrictive to innovation","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (18 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from www.whitehouse.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"pp-ev-ex-nadella-microsoft-ceo-2014-1","claimId":"pp-ex-nadella-microsoft-ceo-2014","sourceId":"source-pp-microsoft-8k-2014-02-04","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Item 5.02(c), first paragraph","passage":"On February 4, 2014, Microsoft Corporation (the “Company”) announced that the board of directors of the Company appointed Satya Nadella as Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and a director of the Company. Mr. Nadella will assume his new roles immediately","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"The quotation (39 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 8) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed in part: some of the record’s sources could not be retrieved in the check, without any contradiction; nothing was changed at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"pp-ev-ex-nadella-microsoft-ceo-2014-2","claimId":"pp-ex-nadella-microsoft-ceo-2014","sourceId":"source-pp-microsoft-def14a-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Shareholder proposal on an independent chair, Board response","passage":"Mr. Nadella was appointed CEO in February 2014 and Chairman in June 2021.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"The quotation (13 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"pp-ev-au-jessica-taylor-miri-ml-agenda-1","claimId":"pp-au-jessica-taylor-miri-ml-agenda","sourceId":"source-miri-ml-agenda","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Author list (byline) of the retrieved copy","passage":"Credited as “Jessica Taylor” (author list (byline) of the retrieved copy).","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Name as printed in the byline of a fresh retrieval. The quotation (2 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 95) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. Given as a labelled paraphrase because the source records no document length against which a quotation can be checked. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-ppl-senior-alphafold-paper-1","claimId":"aib-ppl-senior-alphafold-paper","sourceId":"source-atlas-alphafold-paper","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Author information: Authors and Affiliations","passage":"Andrew W. Senior, Koray Kavukcuoglu, Pushmeet Kohli & Demis Hassabis","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (9 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-arg-p2-ahlmann-eltze-2025-1","claimId":"aib-arg-p2-ahlmann-eltze-2025","sourceId":"source-aib-ahlmann-eltze-2025-natmethods","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract","passage":"Here we compared five foundation models and two other deep learning models against deliberately simple baselines for predicting transcriptome changes after single or double perturbations. None outperformed the baselines","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (29 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The authors' reported result. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B119) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-aib-arg-p2-ahlmann-eltze-2025-2","claimId":"aib-arg-p2-ahlmann-eltze-2025","sourceId":"source-aib-ahlmann-eltze-2025-natmethods","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Main text, after the comparison results","passage":"we conclude that the latter's goal of providing a generalizable representation of cellular states and predicting the outcome of not-yet-performed experiments is still elusive.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI in biology (research/ai-in-biology). The quotation (24 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-30. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The authors' conclusion on the stated goal. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B119) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-gans-2018-self-regulating-agi-superintelligence-paths-dangers-strategies-2014-1","claimId":"kp-cites-gans-2018-self-regulating-agi-superintelligence-paths-dangers-strategies-2014","sourceId":"source-gans-2018-self-regulating-agi","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 16, reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title with author and year) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-large-batch-training-adam-paper-1","claimId":"kp-cites-large-batch-training-adam-paper","sourceId":"source-large-batch-training-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 33, reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-1","claimId":"kp-cites-trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth","sourceId":"source-trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 67, reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-1","claimId":"kp-cites-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth","sourceId":"source-jones-2025-spend-to-reduce-ai-existential-risk","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 20, reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-qwen-report-gpt-4-technical-report-2023-1","claimId":"kp-cites-qwen-report-gpt-4-technical-report-2023","sourceId":"source-cn-qwen","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"reference by arXiv identifier","passage":"The text gives the arXiv identifier 2303.08774.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (arXiv identifier) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-deepseek-v3-report-gshard-scaling-giant-models-conditional-2020-1","claimId":"kp-cites-deepseek-v3-report-gshard-scaling-giant-models-conditional-2020","sourceId":"source-cn-v3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"reference or mention by title","passage":"The text names the work by its title.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The citation was matched (title) in the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and re-found by its mechanical check. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item B075) found the citation in the citing text. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-authored-chris-olah-constitutional-ai-harmlessness-from-ai-2022-1","claimId":"kp-authored-chris-olah-constitutional-ai-harmlessness-from-ai-2022","sourceId":"source-kp-constitutional-ai-harmlessness-from-ai-2022-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, byline","passage":"Christopher Olah","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The printed name (2 words) was found in the byline of the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item A087) transcribed the byline blind. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-kp-authored-denny-zhou-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning-2022-1","claimId":"kp-authored-denny-zhou-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning-2022","sourceId":"source-kp-chain-thought-prompting-elicits-reasoning-2022-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, byline","passage":"Denny Zhou","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, key papers (research/key-papers). The printed name (2 words) was found in the byline of the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28. No human editorial review."},{"id":"evidence-th-sp-lighthill-1972-combinatorial-explosion-1","claimId":"th-sp-lighthill-1972-combinatorial-explosion","sourceId":"source-th-a-lighthill-1973","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Part I, section 3, Past disappointments","passage":"he is inclined, as a mathematician, to single out one rather general cause for the disappointments that have been experienced: failure to recognise the implications of the combinatorial explosion.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (29 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (31 October 2026, item 120) re-read the record’s sources and found that they support what the record states. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-th-sym-desc-eliza-1966-1","claimId":"th-sym-desc-eliza-1966","sourceId":"source-th-a-eliza-1966","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, abstract","passage":"ELIZA is a program operating within the MAC time-sharing system at MIT which makes certain kinds of natural language conversation between man and computer possible. Input sentences are analyzed on the basis of decomposition rules which are triggered by key words appearing in the input text.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Kinds of AI and technical history (research/technical-history). The quotation (46 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-iflytek-legal-form-2008","claimId":"c3-iflytek-legal-form-2008","sourceId":"c3-src-iflytek-prospectus-2008","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 2, Overview, 1. Issuer profile","passage":"公司名称：安徽科大讯飞信息科技股份有限公司 英文名称：ANHUI USTC iFLYTEK CO.,LTD.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (28 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “Company name: Anhui USTC iFlytek Information Technology Co., Ltd. (joint-stock); English name: ANHUI USTC iFLYTEK CO.,LTD.”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K003) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-iflytek-legal-form-2008-2","claimId":"c3-iflytek-legal-form-2008","sourceId":"c3-src-iflytek-prospectus-2008","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 2, Overview, “2、设立情况”","passage":"2007 年 4 月 26 日整体变更为安徽科大讯飞信息科技股份有限公司，并在安徽省 工商行政管理局办理了工商变更登记","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (48 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “on 26 April 2007 it was converted as a whole into Anhui USTC iFlytek Information Technology Co., Ltd. (joint-stock) and completed the change registration with the Anhui Provincial Administration for Industry and Commerce”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K003) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-shlab-intern-s1-licence","claimId":"c3-shlab-intern-s1-licence","sourceId":"c3-src-intern-s1-license","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Heading","passage":"Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (6 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K075) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-shlab-intern-s1-licence-meta","claimId":"c3-shlab-intern-s1-licence","sourceId":"c3-src-intern-s1-card","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"YAML front matter","passage":"license: apache-2.0","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (2 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item K075) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-stepfun-licence-commercial","claimId":"c3-stepfun-licence-commercial","sourceId":"c3-src-step5-license","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 2(c), \"Commercial License\"","passage":"You must enter into a separate commercial license agreement with StepFun AI before You or Your affiliates","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (17 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c3-ev-stepfun-licence-commercial-2","claimId":"c3-stepfun-licence-commercial","sourceId":"c3-src-step5-license","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 2(c)(ii)","passage":"operate a MaaS business, if the combined revenue of You and Your affiliates from all sources exceeds US$20,000,000","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, third collection (research/china-labs-3). The quotation (18 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day, read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-rd-r07-altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1-1","claimId":"rd-r07-altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1","sourceId":"source-rd-altman-2015-machine-intelligence-part-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section \"Why you should fear machine intelligence\", paragraph 1","passage":"Development of superhuman machine intelligence (SMI) [1] is probably the greatest threat to the continued existence of humanity.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (18 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking-1","claimId":"rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","sourceId":"source-rd-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract, PDF p. 1","passage":"(4) some such misaligned systems will seek power over humans in high-impact ways; (5) this problem will scale to the full disempowerment of humanity; and (6) such disempowerment will constitute an existential catastrophe.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (33 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item 110) re-read the record’s source and found the quotation and stance supported. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking-2","claimId":"rd-r08-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","sourceId":"source-rd-carlsmith-2022-power-seeking","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract, PDF p. 1","passage":"I end up with an overall estimate of ~5% that an existential catastrophe of this kind will occur by 2070. (May 2022 update: since making this report public in April 2021, my estimate here has gone up, and is now at >10%.)","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (42 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item 110) re-read the record’s source and found the quotation and stance supported. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-rd-r10a-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai-1","claimId":"rd-r10a-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","sourceId":"source-rd-pinker-2014-edge-myth-of-ai","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Reality Club response by Steven Pinker, para. 4","passage":"Even if we did have superhumanly intelligent robots, why would they want to depose their masters, massacre bystanders, or take over the world?","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (23 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item 65) answered the record’s question blind and agreed with its stance. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-rd-r17-bostrom-2017-openness-1","claimId":"rd-r17-bostrom-2017-openness","sourceId":"source-rd-bostrom-2017-openness","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section \"Openness making AI development race more closely competitive\", PDF p. 6","passage":"The larger the pool of competitors, the harder it would be for them to all coordinate to avoid a risk race to the bottom.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (24 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-rd-r17-bengio-2024-reasoning-arguments-1","claimId":"rd-r17-bengio-2024-reasoning-arguments","sourceId":"source-rd-bengio-2024-reasoning-through-arguments","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section on the argument that engineers will only design well-behaving AIs","passage":"Shouldn't corporations prefer safe AI? The problem comes when safety and profit maximization or company culture (\"move fast and break things\") are not aligned.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-31","note":"Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (24 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,4,7,19,21,24,27,30,39,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,53,54,86,89,105,107,130,131,134,151,175,183,201,202,252,257,267,296,306,314,337,339,343,357,372,416,427,461,468,519,527,530,548,597,602,623,631,640,707,710,727,766,794,959,1022,1041,1057,1275,1298,1311,1411,1439,1449,1458,1468,1482,1489,1551,1579,1640,1663,1664,1736,1770,1773,1777,1790,1795,1801,1809,1850,1865,1897],"claims":[294,327,479,562,703,719,766,792,801,887,903,1040,1042,1143,1148,1432,1625,1726,1814,1983,1996,2399,2463,2585,2956,2992,3445,3491,3656,3742,3957,3962,4012,4021,4125,4332,4568,4604,4855,4866,4914,5031,5098,5197,5208,5231,5318,5323],"sources":[11,43,49,86,104,131,134,145,162,165,183,239,240,257,267,298,309,318,319,383,394,428,435,481,500,546,551,653,661,670,682,689,748,749,765,854,877,1117,1119,1221,1301,1334,1498,1559,1575,1647,1648,1677,1697,1712,1718,1726,1794],"evidence":[315,349,510,629,882,901,902,973,1002,1011,1102,1120,1267,1268,1270,1386,1393,1782,2048,2049,2198,2199,2200,2333,2561,2562,2580,3046,3110,3244,3245,3816,3879,3880,4751,4752,4808,5053,5196,5197,5415,5420,5470,5479,5583,5790,6026,6062,6356,6372,6441,6442,6642,6643,6745,6746,6928,6943,6944,6987,7145,7155]},"version":"131evrz"}