{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI"},{"id":"google-deepmind","name":"Google DeepMind"},{"id":"xai","name":"xAI"},{"id":"rsp-2023","name":"Responsible Scaling Policy (2023)"},{"id":"preparedness-beta-2023","name":"OpenAI Preparedness Framework — Beta"},{"id":"faif-2025","name":"xAI Frontier Artificial Intelligence Framework — December 2025 edition"},{"id":"toby-pohlen","name":"Toby Pohlen"},{"id":"fair","name":"FAIR"},{"id":"yann-lecun","name":"Yann LeCun"},{"id":"zhipu","name":"Zhipu AI / 智谱"},{"id":"chatglm-report","name":"ChatGLM research history and techniques"},{"id":"dsit","name":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology"},{"id":"creating-friendly-ai-2001","name":"Creating Friendly AI 1.0: The Analysis and Design of Benevolent Goal Architectures"},{"id":"developers-know-what-they-are-doing","name":"The developers know what they are doing"},{"id":"eu-ai-act-2024","name":"Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act), as published in the Official Journal"},{"id":"new-york-raise-act-chapter-96-2026","name":"New York Senate Bill S8828 / Assembly Bill A9449 (2026): RAISE Act chapter amendment, signed as Chapter 96"},{"id":"ai-as-task-automation","name":"AI as the automation of tasks"},{"id":"machines-cheaper-at-every-task","name":"Machines cheaper than labour at every task"},{"id":"automation-lowers-labour-income","name":"Automation lowers the labour share, wages or employment"},{"id":"recent-economics-engagement-with-ai","name":"Recent entry of machine intelligence into mainstream economics"},{"id":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","name":"Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth"},{"id":"aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth","name":"Artificial Intelligence and Economic Growth"},{"id":"furman-seamans-2018-ai-and-the-economy","name":"AI and the Economy"},{"id":"cowen-2019-neglected-open-questions","name":"Neglected Open Questions in the Economics of Artificial Intelligence"},{"id":"autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs","name":"Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation"},{"id":"economics-engagement-with-superintelligence","name":"Economics’ engagement with superintelligence, AGI and the singularity"},{"id":"agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2025-genius-on-demand","name":"Genius on Demand: The Value of Transformative Artificial Intelligence"},{"id":"h-company","name":"H Company"},{"id":"inceptive","name":"Inceptive"},{"id":"jakob-uszkoreit","name":"Jakob Uszkoreit"},{"id":"laurent-sifre","name":"Laurent Sifre"},{"id":"zoubin-ghahramani","name":"Zoubin Ghahramani"},{"id":"ajay-agrawal","name":"Ajay Agrawal"},{"id":"aiia-ai-safety-commitments-2024","name":"Artificial Intelligence Safety Commitments (人工智能安全承诺), December 2024"},{"id":"megvii","name":"Megvii / 旷视科技"},{"id":"seoul-declaration-2024","name":"Seoul Declaration for safe, innovative and inclusive AI (AI Seoul Summit, 21 May 2024)"},{"id":"new-delhi-declaration-2026","name":"AI Impact Summit Declaration (New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact), February 2026"},{"id":"uk-openai-mou-2025","name":"Memorandum of Understanding between the UK and OpenAI on AI opportunities"},{"id":"ny-raise-act-chapter-699-2025","name":"New York S6953-B (2025), the RAISE Act, signed as Chapter 699 of 2025"},{"id":"india-meity","name":"Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India"},{"id":"three-body-computing-constellation","name":"Three-Body Computing Constellation (三体计算星座)"},{"id":"zhejiang-lab","name":"Zhejiang Lab (之江实验室)"},{"id":"uk-synthetic-nucleic-acids-screening-guidance-2024","name":"UK screening guidance on synthetic nucleic acids for users and providers"},{"id":"openai-chatgpt-agent-system-card-2025","name":"ChatGPT Agent System Card"}],"claims":[{"id":"issued-pf-beta","statement":"OpenAI published Preparedness Framework Beta, identified by its publication date of 2023-12-18.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Publication means a public document expression exists. The date is labelled publication; publication is not evidence that its requirements were implemented or effective in practice.","evidenceIds":["evidence-issued-pf-beta"]},{"id":"cn-zhipu-chatglm","statement":"Zhipu AI is a named institutional affiliation of the joint ChatGLM report.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Joint Team GLM publication with Tsinghua, not sole institutional authorship or proof that every listed author worked at Zhipu.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cn-zhipu-chatglm"]},{"id":"yk-y28-lw-2022-six-dimensions-of-operational-adequacy-in-c","statement":"The post “Six Dimensions of Operational Adequacy in AGI Projects” (2022-05-30) contests Y28. Introducing a list of properties a trustworthy AGI project would need, he says that no existing project qualifies.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t28-c"]},{"id":"yk-y28-creating-friendly-ai-2001-a","statement":"“Creating Friendly AI” (2001-06-15) articulates Y28. Arguing against regulation, he relies on the expectation that the leading projects will have the brightest researchers, who are best placed to solve Friendly AI.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: The most advanced projects are the most competent to handle safety. Creating Friendly AI (2001); cached text is the current MIRI PDF reprint, wording not compared with a 2001 capture. Paired with “Above-Average AI Scientists”. The 2008 retrospective describes how his view of AGI researchers changed but does not cite this sentence; treat the pairing as needing review. Shown only as an earlier view: rejected later in \"Above-Average AI Scientists\" (2008) and \"Six Dimensions of Operational Adequacy\". Cross-family check: no located later text explicitly retracts this ranking of the most advanced projects; recorded as said-it, not earlier-self. Admission check, 2026-10-08: the quoted wording also appears in the 2001 HTML edition, so it is dated by that capture.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t28-d","evidence-yk-t28-d-2001"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2001-06-17","note":"The quoted wording also appears in the 2001 HTML edition as captured on 2001-06-17; the quotation itself is taken from MIRI’s later reprint."}}}},{"id":"yk-y28-lw-2008-above-average-ai-scientists-b","statement":"The post “Above-Average AI Scientists” (2008-09-28) bears on Y28. Recalling a meeting with the funded head of a corporate AGI project who turned out to be a creationist, he says he stopped assuming that AGI researchers met the standard the problem required.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t28-e"]},{"id":"ec-m02-autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs-a","statement":"Autor, “Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation” (2015) articulates M02. Autor describes automation as computers substituting for workers in routine, codifiable tasks while complementing workers in non-routine tasks.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Abstract page only; the full article was not retrieved (see autor2015.failure.json). Dated 2015; the abstract does not say whether the task framework is applied to AI specifically.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m02-09"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"JEP (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"ec-m05-aghion-jones-jones-2017-ai-and-economic-growth-b","statement":"Aghion, Jones, Jones, “Artificial Intelligence and Economic Growth” (2017-10) bears on M05. Treats complete automation as an open, debated question and names incomplete automation as a bottleneck to explosive growth.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"NBER Working Paper 23928, October 2017 (NBER Conference on AI paper; later a chapter in The Economics of Artificial Intelligence).","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m05-23"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Leaves open whether machines can perform all essential tasks; neither asserts nor denies the possibility.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."},"conditions":"Conditional: if some essential tasks remain non-automated, the labour-free singularities do not occur."}}},{"id":"ec-m06a-cowen-2019-neglected-open-questions-b","statement":"Cowen, “Neglected Open Questions in the Economics of Artificial Intelligence” (2019-05) bears on M06a. Cowen speculates that AI could harm poorer countries by removing wage-differential reasons to locate production there, cutting off industrialisation.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Hedged speculation ('Possibly'); concerns cross-country distribution rather than within-country labour share.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m06a-25"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Concerns poorer countries' path to industrialisation, not wages, employment or the labour share as such.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Chapter of the NBER Economics of AI volume (core venue); a short comment chapter, but a chapter of a scholarly volume, not short-form commentary."},"conditions":"AI and other technologies progressing so firms hardly employ labour."}}},{"id":"ec-m09-furman-seamans-2018-ai-and-the-economy-b","statement":"Furman and Seamans, “AI and the Economy” (2018-06) bears on M09. Concludes that economic research on AI's productivity and labour effects has only begun and calls for more empirical work. Explains why the NBER volume's chapters rely on theoretical models and national statistics rather than firm-level data.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"(First passage) NBER Working Paper 24689, June 2018. Self-description; not evidence of absence of earlier work. (Second passage) NBER Working Paper 24689, June 2018.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m09-21","evidence-ec-m09-22"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"(M09-21) A self-description of the research as early; not a dated record. (M09-22) Describes a data gap explaining the literature's reliance on theory and aggregate statistics; not a statement about when the field began.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"ec-e05-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-a","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) articulates E05. Nordhaus introduces the computer-science literature on AI and the Singularity to economists. Nordhaus surveys economic antecedents (Keynes, Simon and others) before his model.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"(First passage) Nordhaus's own framing of his section for economists, followed by his remark that the computer-science discussion \"has no explicit economic analysis\". It does not establish that economics had no prior analysis of the topic (Hanson 1998–2000 is earlier). Corrected 2026-10-15. (Second passage) Nordhaus's own statement. \"Singularity\" here is his label for a growth acceleration driven by computation and AI.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e05-07","evidence-ec-e05-08"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."}}}},{"id":"lg-goo-ghahramani-gdm-research-leadership-2023","statement":"Demis Hassabis announced on 20 April 2023 that Zoubin Ghahramani would join Google DeepMind's research leadership team, reporting to Koray Kavukcuoglu.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An announced role without a title; the record does not establish a start date or later roles.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-goo-ghahramani-gdm-2023"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"member of the research leadership team, reporting to Koray Kavukcuoglu"}},{"id":"lg-mx-lecun-fair-chief-scientist-2025","statement":"Mark Zuckerberg posted on Threads on 25 July 2025 that there was no change in Yann LeCun's role and that he would continue as Chief Scientist for FAIR.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A CEO's public statement at a single date; it does not establish when this title began or how it relates to LeCun's earlier 'Chief AI Scientist' title.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-mx-lecun-fair-chief-scientist-2025"],"attributes":{"role":"Chief Scientist for FAIR"}},{"id":"lg-goo-uszkoreit-inceptive-ceo-2026","statement":"Inceptive's announcement of 3 June 2026 identifies Jakob Uszkoreit as its CEO.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A dated snapshot; it does not establish a start date.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-goo-uszkoreit-inceptive-ceo-2026"],"attributes":{"role":"CEO"}},{"id":"lg-gw-sifre-cofounded-h-company","statement":"TechCrunch reported on 21 May 2024 that Laurent Sifre was one of H’s co-founders.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on reporting (TechCrunch); no H Company page naming its founders was retrieved. H’s team page, as retrieved on 15 October 2026, lists him as Chair of the Scientific Committee but does not call him a founder.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gw-sifre-cofounded-h-company-a","lg-ev-gw-sifre-cofounded-h-company-b","lg-ev-gw-sifre-cofounded-h-company-team"],"attributes":{"role":"co-founder"}},{"id":"lg-mx-pohlen-cofounded-xai","statement":"Business Insider reported on 25 March 2026 that Toby Pohlen was among xAI's cofounders.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on reporting; Pohlen is named in a list of cofounder departures. Not a legal founder record.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-mx-pohlen-cofounded-xai"],"attributes":{"role":"Cofounder"}},{"id":"ap-ajay-agrawal-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2025-genius-on-demand","statement":"“Genius on Demand: The Value of Transformative Artificial Intelligence” (2025-10) credits Ajay K. Agrawal as one of its 3 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-ajay-agrawal-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2025-genius-on-demand"]},{"id":"cmp-rsp-2023-d2-definition","statement":"RSP · 2023 states a provision on the comparison question “How a threshold is defined”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The paraphrase gives the misuse criterion. An ASL-3 model is defined as one meeting this or an autonomous-replication criterion, immediately or with post-training costing under 1% of total training cost (PDF pp. 6–7). What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-2023-d2-definition-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"comparison-d2-definition","facet":{"id":"D2.definition","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-faif-2025-d7-external","statement":"FAIF · December 2025 edition states a provision on the comparison question “Public or external reporting”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Publication is conditional (the edition says xAI may publish), and the same paragraph says information may be redacted. The edition also says xAI may notify law enforcement agencies of an imminent threat (PDF p. 9, item 1). What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-faif-2025-d7-external-1","ev-cmp-faif-2025-d7-external-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"reporting","key":"comparison-d7-external","facet":{"id":"D7.external","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"c2-governance-aiia-aisc-signatory-megvii","statement":"Megvii is listed, as 北京旷视科技有限公司, among the 17 companies on the initial signatory list (首批签署企业名单) of the AIIA AI Safety Commitments posted by CAICT on 24 December 2024.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The list names the legal entity 北京旷视科技有限公司. The record maps it to the group-level entity Megvii, which carries that name as an alias; the mapping rests on the company name, and no claim is made about group structure or about which group company is bound. A listing is the publisher’s statement, dated by the post; it is not a signature date and not evidence that the company complied with or implemented the commitments. A later total of 22 signatories is reported, but no later list was retrieved.","evidenceIds":["c2-ev-governance-aiia-aisc-signatory-megvii-1","c2-ev-governance-aiia-aisc-signatory-megvii-2"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"stage":"listed"}}},{"id":"fl-eu-aia-art55-1-chapeau","statement":"The chapeau of Article 55(1) provides that the duties it lists apply to providers of general-purpose AI models with systemic risk in addition to the obligations in Articles 53 and 54.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"States what the Regulation requires of the categories it defines. Whether any named developer's model falls within a category, and whether any developer complies, is legal application and is not recorded. A statutory duty is not evidence of implementation or enforcement. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, inspected 2026-10-27, does not list this article among its amendments (its Article 1 amends Articles 1-6, 10, 11, 17, 25, 27-30, 40, 42, 43, 50, 56(6), 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 69, 70, 72, 75-77, 95-97, 99, 111, 113 and Annexes I and VIII). The four duties of Article 55(1) are recorded separately.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-eu-aia-art55-1-chapeau-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"aia-art55-1-chapeau"}}},{"id":"fl-intl-seoul-declaration-participants","statement":"The Seoul Declaration opens as a statement of world leaders representing ten countries and the European Union (count made by Selekoa).","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A list of the leaders' session participants as stated in paragraph 1; not a ratification or legal obligation.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-intl-seoul-declaration-participants-1"],"attributes":{"listing":{"count":11,"countBasis":"counted"}}},{"id":"fl-intl-new-delhi-published","statement":"A Press Information Bureau release of the Ministry of Electronics & IT, posted on 21 February 2026, states that the AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi concluded with the adoption of the New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact and annexes the declaration's text.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"PIB is the Government of India's press service; the release as served on 2026-10-27 has been revised after posting (its list is dated 5 March 2026). No MEA copy of the declaration was retrieved.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-intl-new-delhi-published-1"]},{"id":"fl-us-ny-ch96-changes-large-developer","statement":"Chapter 96 of 2026 replaces the 2025 \"large developer\" category (over one hundred million dollars spent in aggregate compute costs on frontier models) with a \"large frontier developer\" category defined by annual gross revenues, together with affiliates, above five hundred million dollars in the preceding calendar year.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premise 1: S6953-B § 1420(9) defines \"large developer\" by over one hundred million dollars in aggregate compute costs (quoted). Premise 2: S8828 § 1420(10) defines \"large frontier developer\" by annual gross revenues above five hundred million dollars (quoted). Conclusion: the category to which the main duties attach is defined by a different criterion. Whether the duties attach to the same subjects in each text is not compared.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A comparison of two quoted definitions; which developers fall into either category is set aside.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-us-ny-ch96-changes-large-developer-1","evidence-fl-us-ny-ch96-changes-large-developer-2"],"attributes":{"changeBasis":"document_comparison"}},{"id":"fl-uk-openai-mou-published","statement":"The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology published the text of a Memorandum of Understanding between DSIT and OpenAI on AI opportunities on GOV.UK on 21 July 2025.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Publication only; signature is not shown by the published text, so no signed_commitment is recorded for OpenAI.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-uk-openai-mou-published-1"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-three-body-thousand-plan","statement":"Science and Technology Daily, relayed on ncsti.gov.cn, described the Three-Body Computing Constellation as a thousand-satellite-scale space computing infrastructure that Zhejiang Lab is building with global partners, and stated that its first 12 computing satellites entered orbit on 14 May 2025.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Press-only; \"千星规模\" (thousand-satellite scale) is a description of the planned scale, with no date stated in this text. The cross-family check found no laboratory or operator text for it.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-thousand-plan-1","evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-thousand-plan-2"]},{"id":"ab-scr-uk-guidance-scope","statement":"The UK screening guidance states that it sets out expected standards of responsible practice to address the current level of biosecurity risk associated with access to synthetic nucleic acid.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"States the guidance's own account of its standing. 'Expected standards of responsible practice' is the guidance's wording; it does not establish a legal obligation, and the separate statutory duties the guidance points to are recorded separately. Split under the one-claim-per-edge rule from the addressees, now the separate record recorded separately. The provision kind 'required_action' is the nearest the schema admits for a statement of what practice an instrument expects; see openQuestions.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-scr-uk-guidance-scope-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"uk-synthetic-nucleic-acids-guidance-expected-standards"}}},{"id":"ab-ev-chatgpt-agent-expert-deep-dives","statement":"The ChatGPT Agent System Card states that OpenAI invited seven experts with biosafety and biosecurity backgrounds to spend three to five hours with a helpful-only version of the model and to score it in a survey, and that experts noted an average success rate of about 7.7 on a scale of 1 to 10 on the tasks they attempted.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A small expert survey reported by the developer, for the version and sessions it describes. The record states the reported score and the card's own limits; it does not generalise to other users, systems or real-world outcomes. The task descriptions in this section are technical content and are excluded; only the participation, the survey score and the experts' stated limit are recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-ev-chatgpt-agent-expert-deep-dives-1","evidence-ab-ev-chatgpt-agent-expert-deep-dives-2"],"attributes":{"evaluatedSystem":"A helpful-only version of ChatGPT agent","evaluation":{"what":"How well the model performed on the tasks the experts attempted with it, and the experts' assessment of it; the card does not state who set the tasks","how":"Expert deep dives: seven invited experts used the model for three to five hours and completed a scoring survey","result":"The card states an average success rate of about 7.7 on a 1 to 10 scale on attempted tasks, with stronger performance on non-agentic than on agentic tasks","caveats":"The card states that performance on agentic tasks was weaker, which it attributes to reliability and operational issues, and that the experts' findings indicated inexperienced users would still need practical laboratory skills and critical judgement."}}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-deepmind-combination","title":"Announcing Google DeepMind","authors":["Demis Hassabis"],"publisher":"Google DeepMind","publicationDate":"2023-04-20","version":"Dated page, inspected at retrieval","canonicalUrl":"https://deepmind.google/blog/announcing-google-deepmind/","evidenceUrl":"https://deepmind.google/blog/announcing-google-deepmind/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260904134502/https://deepmind.google/blog/announcing-google-deepmind/","archivedAt":"2026-09-04","accessedAt":"2026-09-17","reuse":{"attribution":"Google DeepMind, Announcing Google DeepMind (2023-04-20).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and minimal attributed excerpts only. Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-rsp-1-0","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v1.0","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":"2023-09-19","version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v1.0; effective date 2023-09-19.","versionDate":"2023-09-19","canonicalUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/1adf000c8f675958c2ee23805d91aaade1cd4613/responsible-scaling-policy.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/1adf000c8f675958c2ee23805d91aaade1cd4613/responsible-scaling-policy.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230919161730/https://www-files.anthropic.com/production/files/responsible-scaling-policy-1.0.pdf","archivedAt":"2023-09-19","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v1.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-pf-beta","title":"Preparedness Framework — Beta","authors":["OpenAI"],"publisher":"OpenAI","publicationDate":"2023-12-18","version":"Preparedness Framework Beta; publication date 2023-12-18.","versionDate":"2023-12-18","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn.openai.com/openai-preparedness-framework-beta.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn.openai.com/openai-preparedness-framework-beta.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20231218195930/https://cdn.openai.com/openai-preparedness-framework-beta.pdf","archivedAt":"2023-12-18","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"OpenAI, Preparedness Framework — Beta.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-faif-2025","title":"Frontier Artificial Intelligence Framework — December 2025 edition","authors":["xAI"],"publisher":"xAI","publicationDate":null,"version":"Frontier Artificial Intelligence Framework December 2025 edition; revision date 2025-12-30.","versionDate":"2025-12-30","canonicalUrl":"https://data.x.ai/2025-12-31-xai-frontier-artificial-intelligence-framework.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://data.x.ai/2025-12-31-xai-frontier-artificial-intelligence-framework.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260102171656/https://data.x.ai/2025-12-31-xai-frontier-artificial-intelligence-framework.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-01-02","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"xAI, Frontier Artificial Intelligence Framework — December 2025 edition.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. 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PIB release ID 2231208 'Posted On: 21 FEB 2026', as served on 2026-10-27; its endorsement list is headed 'as of 5th March 2026', so the page was revised after posting Its wording can change; earlier wording is not authenticated.","canonicalUrl":"https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2231208&reg=3&lang=1","evidenceUrl":"https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2231208&reg=3&lang=1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-27","reuse":{"attribution":"Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Electronics & IT, Government of India, “AI Impact Summit 2026 Concludes with Adoption of New Delhi Declaration (with the declaration annexed)”, 2026-02-21.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-uk-openai-mou-2025","title":"Memorandum of Understanding between UK and OpenAI on AI opportunities","authors":["Department for Science, Innovation and Technology"],"publisher":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology","publicationDate":"2025-07-21","version":"Retrieved on 2026-10-27 (SHA-256 cc51244b30861870cb92401237c6a8dda4de2917de288edb9913240fcfd4a54d). GOV.UK HTML text, 'Published 21 July 2025'; no signatory block or signing date in the published text. Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: GOV.UK (Department for Science, Innovation and Technology).","canonicalUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-uk-and-openai-on-ai-opportunities/memorandum-of-understanding-between-uk-and-openai-on-ai-opportunities","evidenceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-uk-and-openai-on-ai-opportunities/memorandum-of-understanding-between-uk-and-openai-on-ai-opportunities","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-27","reuse":{"attribution":"Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, “Memorandum of Understanding between UK and OpenAI on AI opportunities”, 2025-07-21.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-ny-s6953b-2025","title":"New York Senate Bill S6953-B (2025–2026): AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation to the training and use of artificial intelligence frontier models","authors":["New York State Senate"],"publisher":"New York State Legislature","publicationDate":null,"version":"Retrieved on 2026-10-27 (SHA-256 6e195f0cb9696075e6e5d5ae1cac9533efd6c370fa8157be4e193875112a5282). Print number 6953-B as amended on 9 June 2025 (the print that passed both houses on 12 June 2025 and was signed as Chapter 699 of 2025, per the Assembly bill record). The chapter as printed in the session laws was not inspected. The text layer renders 10^26 as \"10º26\". Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: New York State Senate, Open Legislation (legislation.nysenate.gov).","canonicalUrl":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2025/S6953B","evidenceUrl":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2025/S6953B","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-27","reuse":{"attribution":"New York State Senate, “New York Senate Bill S6953-B (2025–2026): AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation to the training and use of artificial intelligence frontier models”.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-cpo-orb-ncsti-2026","title":"三体计算星座编织全球最强太空算力网","authors":["ncsti.gov.cn, relaying a Science and Technology Daily (科技日报) report"],"publisher":"ncsti.gov.cn, relaying a Science and Technology Daily (科技日报) report","publicationDate":"2026-02-13","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 50ae35b91badd87ec3f6bcc467581d479862622a334bf9b5e1576308a693ea87). Relay dated by its URL path t20260213; the report states that a 科技日报 reporter learned the information from Zhejiang Lab on 12 February. Retrieved again at admission on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 50ae35b91badd87ec3f6bcc467581d479862622a334bf9b5e1576308a693ea87, the same bytes).","canonicalUrl":"https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/kjdt/kjrd/202602/t20260213_238278.html","evidenceUrl":"https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/kjdt/kjrd/202602/t20260213_238278.html","language":"zh-Hans","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"ncsti.gov.cn, relaying a Science and Technology Daily (科技日报) report, “三体计算星座编织全球最强太空算力网”, 2026-02-13.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-ab-uk-synna-text","title":"UK screening guidance on synthetic nucleic acids for users and providers","authors":["GOV.UK (Department for Science, Innovation and Technology)"],"publisher":"GOV.UK (Department for Science, Innovation and Technology)","publicationDate":null,"version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 d12116062f1c3dbb8a384593927c08cf40ee37289dc82cf6011540b63bcb7dd8). The HTML attachment as served on 2026-10-28. Its screening methodology sections and its list of indicators of a suspicious transaction were read but are not cited. Retrieved again at admission on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 52c2f4a8bfc22b7819ee11216d08966df73f980a87b187b9c4b7bd868a544262).","canonicalUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-screening-guidance-on-synthetic-nucleic-acids/uk-screening-guidance-on-synthetic-nucleic-acids-for-users-and-providers","evidenceUrl":"https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-screening-guidance-on-synthetic-nucleic-acids/uk-screening-guidance-on-synthetic-nucleic-acids-for-users-and-providers","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"GOV.UK (Department for Science, Innovation and Technology), “UK screening guidance on synthetic nucleic acids for users and providers”.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}}],"evidence":[{"id":"evidence-issued-pf-beta","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 1, title and date","passage":"Beta is identified on the official document or archive; publication date 2023-12-18.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-18","note":"Official source inspected by machine; passage is an editorial paraphrase. Human review pending."},{"id":"evidence-cn-zhipu-chatglm","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title-page Team GLM byline and two affiliations","passage":"The report identifies Zhipu AI and Tsinghua University as its institutional affiliations.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-29","note":"English source paraphrased and checked by machine. Exploratory seed, not editorially accepted. Source reporting is not independent verification of implementation."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t28-c","passage":"if a researcher on this Earth currently wishes to contribute to the common good, there are literally zero projects they can join and no project close to being joinable.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"evidence-yk-t28-d","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 6.2.1 Regulation (−), printed p. 208","passage":"The existing force tending to ensure Friendliness is that the most advanced projects will have the brightest AI researchers, who are most likely to be able to handle the problems of Friendly AI.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Candidate pack passage T28-d. The quotation (33 words) matched the retrieved expression (SHA-256 51f21b8b70c2b7324c20de85edea40b2ef224cadff56ef7e0a3aa2a08dba2752) when checked on 2026-10-06.","contextOnly":{"reason":"An earlier position later contradicted but not explicitly retracted; never show alone","requires":"His later texts on AGI researchers and projects, which do not cite this sentence.","claimIds":["yk-y28-lw-2008-above-average-ai-scientists-b","yk-y28-lw-2022-six-dimensions-of-operational-adequacy-in-c"]}},{"id":"evidence-yk-t28-d-2001","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"The 2001 HTML edition, page policy.html","passage":"The same wording as the quotation from MIRI’s reprint appears in the 2001 HTML edition captured on 2001-06-17.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-08","note":"Compared on 2026-10-08 after normalising quotation marks, dashes and whitespace."},{"id":"evidence-yk-t28-e","passage":"This was the point at which I really got, on a gut level, that there was no test you needed to pass in order to start your own AGI project.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"evidence-ec-m02-09","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"AEA article page, Abstract (JEP 29(3), Summer 2015, pp. 3-30)","passage":"I argue that the interplay between machine and human comparative advantage allows computers to substitute for workers in performing routine, codifiable tasks while amplifying the comparative advantage of workers in supplying problem-solving skills, adaptability, and creativity.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M02-09 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (36 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 faa6a9976b49be8beb09c2cb4b16ea37795a78fa86301a46698515b3a7f79897) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day, whose SHA-256 differs from the recorded one."},{"id":"evidence-ec-m05-23","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 28; section 4.2 Objections to singularities, \"Automation Limits\"","passage":"Whether A.I. can ultimately perform all essential cognitive tasks, or more generally achieve human intelligence, is widely debated. If not, then … the \"labor free\" singularities featured above (Section 4.1) become out of reach.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M05-23 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (34 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 a8e68273c738c80fe565afa60bc27ec5e8aaf3135011a0f760233896f1f2100c) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"Fresh-context audit (A3) judged that the quotation misleads when shown alone.","requires":"The ellipsis removes 'growth rates may still be larger with more automation and capital intensity (Sections 2 and 3) but'; without it the quote overstates the loss. The 'labor free' singularities are model scenarios, not forecasts."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-m06a-25","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 4; 15.2 International Effects of an AI Revolution (printed p. 393)","passage":"Possibly the big income distribution effect is that artificial intelligence will be much worse for the poorer countries that can no longer industrialize through wage differentials","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M06a-25 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (26 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 4501069cee0a059211427ad6e7d6ca65cb809f37623717d15b881350d677377d) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"Fresh-context audit (A2) judged that the quotation misleads when shown alone.","requires":"The same paragraph says AI may raise US janitors' wages and 'may be just fine' for the lowest-wage manual workers, and that information technology may be progressive at the lower end. The term 'premature deindustrialization' is Rodrik's."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-m09-21","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 27; section 6 Conclusion","passage":"Economic research has only started to assess these issues. Early research findings suggest that AI and robotics do indeed boost productivity growth, and that effects on labor are mixed.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M09-21 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (29 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 b8a5fa326ed1a114552fa25b2040e90ee7dcc15ccbbc4ee27a0fba2f43b0ef63) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"evidence-ec-m09-22","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 10; section 2","passage":"This is because there is currently a paucity of data about the use of AI, robotics, and other advanced technologies at the firm level.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M09-22 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (24 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 b8a5fa326ed1a114552fa25b2040e90ee7dcc15ccbbc4ee27a0fba2f43b0ef63) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"evidence-ec-e05-07","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"NBER WP 21547 (September 2015), sec. II \"Artificial Intelligence and the Singularity\", opening para., p. 2","passage":"For those with a background primarily in economics, the present section is likely to read like science fiction. … The standard discussion in computer science has no explicit economic analysis","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-16","note":"Candidate pack passage E05-07 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (30 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 cb481e5e99ef9bad8575d9150bcc8464eda4904722cc5048389ab6159858b062) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"GPT cross-family check 2026-10-14, accepted 2026-10-15","requires":"Two sentences joined by an ellipsis; the second is cut before its end. A framing of the section for readers trained in economics and a remark on computer-science writing, not a census of economics."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-e05-08","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"NBER WP 21547, sec. III \"Historical perspectives on Singularity in economics\", p. 7","passage":"There is remarkably little writing on Singularity in the modern macroeconomic literature.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-16","note":"Candidate pack passage E05-08 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (12 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 cb481e5e99ef9bad8575d9150bcc8464eda4904722cc5048389ab6159858b062) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"lg-ev-goo-ghahramani-gdm-2023","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Hassabis's message, leadership paragraph","passage":"Zoubin Ghahramani who will be joining the research leadership team reporting to Koray Kavukcuoglu","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (14 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-mx-lecun-fair-chief-scientist-2025","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Second post in the thread, by the author","passage":"Zuckerberg states that Yann's role is unchanged and that he will continue to be Chief Scientist for FAIR.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Scientist for FAIR” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-goo-uszkoreit-inceptive-ceo-2026","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph with Uszkoreit's quotation","passage":"said Jakob Uszkoreit, Inceptive co-founder and CEO","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (7 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-sifre-cofounded-h-company-a","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 3, sentence introducing the list","passage":"The four other co-founders all previously worked for DeepMind","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (9 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-sifre-cofounded-h-company-b","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 3, second list item","passage":"Laurent Sifre was a principal scientist","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (6 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-sifre-cofounded-h-company-team","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Leadership section (page retrieved on 15 October 2026)","passage":"The leadership section lists Laurent Sifre as Chair of the Scientific Committee.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Laurent Sifre Chair of the Scientific Committee” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-mx-pohlen-cofounded-xai","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraphs 2–3 (the sentence ending “now sits at 10” closes paragraph 2; the list of names opens paragraph 3)","passage":"the number of cofounder departures now sits at 10. Guodong Zhang, Zihang Dai, Toby Pohlen, Jimmy Ba, Tony Wu, and Greg Yang have all stepped away since January.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (28 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-ajay-agrawal-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2025-genius-on-demand","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Page head: author byline","passage":"Ajay K. Agrawal","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-2023-d2-definition-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 6 (printed p. 6), 'ASL-3 Commitments' › 'ASL-3 Capabilities and Threat Models', numbered item 1, first and second sentences","passage":"The edition’s misuse criterion for an ASL-3 model is that access to it would substantially raise the risk of deliberately caused catastrophic harm, measured against the present baseline level of risk.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The edition gives search engines and textbooks as examples of the baseline. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-faif-2025-d7-external-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 8, 'Operational and Societal Risks' › '1. Public transparency and third-party review', second paragraph, first sentence","passage":"The edition says that xAI may publish the types of information it then lists, for public transparency and review by third parties.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-faif-2025-d7-external-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 8, same section, numbered item 2","passage":"One listed item is benchmark results: sharing leading results for general capabilities and for the listed benchmarks with relevant audiences on new major releases.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. An item in the list that xAI says it may publish. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"c2-ev-governance-aiia-aisc-signatory-megvii-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Embedded image, list 首批签署《人工智能安全承诺》企业名单 (transcribed from the image; not in the page’s text layer)","passage":"Transcription from the image: the list of initial signatories (首批签署《人工智能安全承诺》企业名单, 17 names, ordered by initial letter) includes 北京旷视科技有限公司.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). Transcription of a name that appears only in the image embedded in the post (the list of initial signatories); it is not in the page’s text layer and was not machine-matched. The drafting pass and the same-family audit read the list visually, and the cross-family check (2026-10-27) read all 17 names and agreed. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; the listed name is transcribed as printed. No English rendering is given; no human translation review. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K019) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"c2-ev-governance-aiia-aisc-signatory-megvii-2","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Final paragraph","passage":"阿里巴巴、百度公司、火山引擎、旷视科技、零一万物、深度求索","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Candidate pack passage, Chinese frontier-AI institutions, second collection (research/china-labs-2). The quotation (24 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-27 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “Alibaba, Baidu, Volcano Engine, Megvii, 01.AI, DeepSeek”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-27, item K019) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-aia-art55-1-chapeau-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Article 55(1), chapeau","passage":"In addition to the obligations listed in Articles 53 and 54","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (11 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read the Publications Office's Cellar repository (the same Official Journal expression as the dataset's EUR-Lex source; EUR-Lex returned empty responses). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-intl-seoul-declaration-participants-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph 1","passage":"Paraphrase: 'We, world leaders representing' the eleven entries listed in the object, gathered at the AI Seoul Summit on 21 May 2024, affirm dedication to international cooperation on AI.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved on 2026-10-27 and read directly from www.gov.uk; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 7) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-intl-new-delhi-published-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Release opening paragraph","passage":"The AI Impact Summit 2026, held in New Delhi on 18–19 February, concluded with the adoption of the New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (24 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from www.pib.gov.in. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Posted line: '21 FEB 2026 4:21PM by PIB Delhi'. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 17) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-ny-ch96-changes-large-developer-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Proposed GBL § 1420(9), p. 3","passage":"\"Large developer\" means a person that has trained at least one frontier model and has spent over one hundred million dollars in compute costs in aggregate in training frontier models.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (30 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from legislation.nysenate.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 59) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-ny-ch96-changes-large-developer-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Bill text, § 1 (GBL § 1420(10) as re-added), lines 53–55","passage":"\"Large frontier developer\" means a frontier developer that … collectively had annual gross revenues in excess … of five hundred million dollars in the preceding calendar year","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (25 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from nyassembly.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Ellipses mark a line break with hyphenation (\"togeth-/er with its affiliates\") and a margin line number. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 59) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-uk-openai-mou-published-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Document header and Introduction","passage":"Paraphrase: 'Published 21 July 2025'; the MoU outlines the shared intent of DSIT and OpenAI to establish strategic partnerships.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved on 2026-10-27 and read directly from www.gov.uk; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 67) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-thousand-plan-1","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 2","passage":"三体计算星座是之江实验室协同全球合作伙伴共同打造的千星规模太空计算基础设施","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (37 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “The Three-Body Computing Constellation is a thousand-satellite-scale space computing infrastructure built by Zhejiang Lab together with global partners. (Selekoa working translation)”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 119) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-thousand-plan-2","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 2","passage":"2025年5月14日，三体计算星座首发12颗计算卫星成功入轨","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (24 words, each CJK character counted as one) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. English machine translation, not verified by a person: “On 14 May 2025, the first 12 computing satellites of the Three-Body Computing Constellation successfully entered orbit. (Selekoa working translation)”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 119) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-scr-uk-guidance-scope-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Guidance recommendations, opening paragraphs","passage":"This gene synthesis guidance sets out expected standards of responsible practice to address the current level of biosecurity risk associated with access to synthetic nucleic acid.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (26 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 52c2f4a8bfc22b7819ee11216d08966df73f980a87b187b9c4b7bd868a544262; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-ev-chatgpt-agent-expert-deep-dives-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 22 (printed p. 21), §5.1.1.7 Expert Deep Dives, first paragraph","passage":"OpenAI invited seven experts with professional and academic backgrounds relevant to biosafety and biosecurity to spend 3-5 hours using a helpful-only version of ChatGPT agent","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (25 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 33) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-ev-chatgpt-agent-expert-deep-dives-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 22 (printed p. 21), §5.1.1.7, second paragraph (the one beginning 'ChatGPT agent scored highly on non-agentic tasks'), closing sentence","passage":"experts noted an average success rate of … 7.7 (on a scale of 1-10) on tasks that they attempted with ChatGPT agent.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (21 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The ellipsis stands for a tilde in the PDF text layer. Locator corrected after the audit of 2026-10-28: the sentence closes the section's second paragraph, not its third. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 33) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,2,3,21,53,56,147,158,159,187,194,233,311,376,491,501,514,517,518,522,526,527,545,553,554,589,603,679,688,693,724,847,850,936,973,1020,1024,1033,1053,1058,1187,1201,1210,1244],"claims":[69,383,1169,1170,1171,1321,1373,1413,1464,1548,1645,1797,1869,1994,2010,2186,2488,2679,2759,2878,2946,2961,3022,3037,3244,3312,3388],"sources":[4,35,48,51,173,190,346,349,457,471,478,489,497,506,507,552,639,676,687,696,719,778,787,851,856,868,899,1003,1053],"evidence":[72,406,1419,1420,1421,1422,1652,1716,1759,1826,1827,1935,1936,2073,2311,2410,2575,2576,2577,2598,2831,3135,3361,3362,3483,3484,3693,3805,3825,3923,3924,3943,4453,4454,4545,4653,4654]},"version":"1lg47t7"}