{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI"},{"id":"anthropic","name":"Anthropic"},{"id":"xai","name":"xAI"},{"id":"amazon","name":"Amazon"},{"id":"nvidia","name":"NVIDIA"},{"id":"deepmind","name":"DeepMind"},{"id":"demis-hassabis","name":"Demis Hassabis"},{"id":"eliezer-yudkowsky","name":"Eliezer Yudkowsky"},{"id":"igor-babuschkin","name":"Igor Babuschkin"},{"id":"rsp-v3-0","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.0"},{"id":"fsf-v3-0","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v3.0"},{"id":"openai-charter","name":"OpenAI Charter — inspected web expression"},{"id":"alphafold-training-infrastructure","name":"AlphaFold 2 training infrastructure"},{"id":"tsinghua","name":"Tsinghua University / 清华大学"},{"id":"ms-fgf-2026","name":"Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework — February 2026"},{"id":"openai-inc","name":"OpenAI, Inc. (OpenAI Foundation)"},{"id":"european-commission","name":"European Commission"},{"id":"adobe","name":"Adobe"},{"id":"wh-voluntary-ai-commitments-2023-09","name":"Voluntary AI Commitments (September 2023)"},{"id":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments-2024","name":"Frontier AI Safety Commitments, AI Seoul Summit 2024"},{"id":"coding-a-transhuman-ai","name":"Coding a Transhuman AI"},{"id":"seed-ai","name":"Seed AI"},{"id":"sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551","name":"Re: supergoal stability"},{"id":"accelerating-growth-from-automated-research","name":"Automated research produces accelerating growth"},{"id":"other-constraints-prevent-explosive-growth","name":"Other constraints prevent explosive growth"},{"id":"ai-as-task-automation","name":"AI as the automation of tasks"},{"id":"hanson-1998-some-skepticism","name":"Some Skepticism (comment in \"A Critical Discussion of Vinge's Singularity Concept\")"},{"id":"hanson-economic-growth-given-machine-intelligence","name":"Economic Growth Given Machine Intelligence"},{"id":"trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai","name":"Economic Growth under Transformative AI: A guide to the vast range of possibilities for output growth, wages, and the labor share"},{"id":"agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2019-economics-of-ai-introduction","name":"Introduction to \"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda\""},{"id":"cowen-2019-neglected-open-questions","name":"Neglected Open Questions in the Economics of Artificial Intelligence"},{"id":"ai-improving-ai-accelerates-capability","name":"Machine intelligence improving itself accelerates its capability growth"},{"id":"machine-intelligence-exceeds-humans-in-all-domains","name":"Machine intelligence exceeding human cognition in essentially all domains"},{"id":"gans-2018-self-regulating-agi","name":"Self-Regulating Artificial General Intelligence"},{"id":"dan-hendrycks","name":"Dan Hendrycks"},{"id":"li-juanzi","name":"Li Juanzi"},{"id":"will-hurd","name":"Will Hurd"},{"id":"gpai-code-of-practice-draft1-2024","name":"General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, initial draft (14 November 2024)"},{"id":"moulange-bdt-governance-2023-11","name":"Towards Responsible Governance of Biological Design Tools"},{"id":"ab-prop-design-tools-distinct","name":"Biological design tools pose risks distinct from those of language models"}],"claims":[{"id":"babuschkin-deepmind-prior","statement":"Igor Babuschkin’s career account describes research on WaveNet and AlphaStar at DeepMind.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Retrospective self-description; project work does not establish a formal rank, continuous tenure, or exact employment boundaries.","evidenceIds":["evidence-babuschkin-deepmind-prior"],"attributes":{"role":"Researcher (specific rank unstated)"}},{"id":"demis-hassabis-cofounded-deepmind-2010","statement":"Demis Hassabis co-founded DeepMind in 2010.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Founding year only; no incorporation day or sole-founder claim.","evidenceIds":["evidence-demis-hassabis-cofounded-deepmind-2010"]},{"id":"amazon-anthropic-tranche-2024","statement":"Amazon reported making a further $2.75 billion investment in Anthropic, completing its initial $4 billion total.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The amount encodes this tranche, not another $4 billion in addition. Realised investment is company-reported; no payment-rail or ownership-percentage inference.","evidenceIds":["evidence-amazon-anthropic-tranche-2024"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"investment","relationshipContext":"external","transactionStage":"invested","amount":{"value":2750000000,"currency":"USD","bound":"exact","scope":"transaction"}}},{"id":"atlas-openai-charter","statement":"OpenAI publishes a Charter setting out its mission and operating principles.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The inspected page is undated. It does not authenticate an unchanged 2018 expression or prove compliance.","evidenceIds":["evidence-atlas-openai-charter"]},{"id":"atlas-deepmind-alphafold-compute","statement":"DeepMind’s AlphaFold paper reports training on TPU v3 infrastructure.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Reported internal research use, not a cloud purchase or ownership claim. Publication date is not a training start date.","evidenceIds":["evidence-atlas-deepmind-alphafold-compute"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"infrastructure_use","relationshipContext":"internal","transactionStage":"operational"}},{"id":"prov-fsf-v3-0-government-disclosure","statement":"FSF v3.0 states that if Google DeepMind assesses that a model has reached a CCL that poses an unmitigated and material risk to overall public safety, it aims to share relevant information with appropriate government authorities where it will facilitate safety of frontier AI.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness.","evidenceIds":["evidence-prov-fsf-v3-0-government-disclosure"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"fsf-government-disclosure","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Google DeepMind"},{"role":"informed","actor":"Appropriate government authorities"}]}}},{"id":"absent-rsp-v3-0-restrict-and-pause","statement":"No passage stating the provision “Restrict deployment and scaling if safeguards showing fails” was found in RSP · v3.0 within the inspected scope.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: RSP · v2.2 states this provision. The inspected scope of RSP · v3.0 was: RSP v3.0 (effective February 24, 2026), whole text layer, PDF pp. 1–19: Introduction (pp. 3–4); §1 Our Recommendations for Industry-Wide Safety with the threshold table (pp. 4–9); §2 Frontier Safety Roadmap and §3 Risk Reports (pp. 10–15); §4 Governance (p. 15); Appendices A and B (p. 16); Changelog (pp. 17–19). Method: Read every section and compared it with the v2.2 provision (§4.3 final sentence, PDF p. 14). Searched case-insensitively for restrict, unable, showing, Required Safeguards, further scaling, scaling and delay. No passage stating that Anthropic will restrict model deployment and further scaling if it cannot show that required safeguards are met was found. Hits examined and not counted: §2 (p. 10) says Anthropic will strive not to revise Frontier Safety Roadmap goals in a less ambitious direction simply because it is unable to achieve them; 'restrict'/'restriction' in §1 describe mitigations a developer's safety case may include (pp. 6–8) and §3.5 lists 'national security restrictions' as a redaction reason (p. 13); Appendix A (p. 16) delay commitments in competitor scenarios (recorded separately); Required Safeguards appear only in reproduced changelog entries (pp. 17–19). The conclusion is bounded by that scope and method.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A recorded absence within the stated scope: not a claim that the provision was deleted, and not a statement about practice or intent.","evidenceIds":["evidence-absent-rsp-v3-0-restrict-and-pause"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"rsp-restrict-and-pause"}}},{"id":"cm-wh-2023-09-adobe","statement":"The White House named Adobe among the eight companies from which it announced on 12 September 2023 that it had secured a second round of voluntary AI commitments.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The fact sheet links the September 2023 text, whose scope clause differs from the July text. Listing is the convener’s statement. It is not evidence that the organisation complied with, implemented or still maintains the commitments, and the legal effect of being listed is not recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-wh-2023-09-adobe-1"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"stage":"listed"}}},{"id":"cm-link-ms-fgf-2026-seoul","statement":"Microsoft’s Frontier Governance Framework, February 2026 edition, states that the framework has its genesis in the voluntary Frontier AI Safety Commitments that Microsoft and fifteen other AI labs made in May 2024.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The edition’s own words, recorded as a response to the commitments. It is not evidence that the commitments are met.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-link-ms-fgf-2026-seoul-1"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"link":"responds_to"}}},{"id":"ts-a2-catai","statement":"Coding a Transhuman AI defines a seed AI by self-enhancement: smarter AIs become more capable of rewriting their own code, and the fundamental object of a seed AI is to enhance the ability to enhance abilities. Recorded as articulating the proposition “Seed AI”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Attested from 2001. The page says its terms derive from Vinge’s novel A Fire Upon the Deep, adding \"So, to some extent, is the concept of a seed AI\": the page’s own attribution, not a traced lineage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a2-catai"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2001-01-26","note":"The quoted wording is attested by the capture of 2001-01-26; earlier captures are redirects to uncaptured pages, and the \"temporary edition\" may have been revised."}}}},{"id":"ec-g02-hanson-1998-some-skepticism-c","statement":"Hanson, “Some Skepticism (comment in \"A Critical Discussion of Vinge's Singularity Concept\")” (1998-10) contests G02. Answers the claim that smarter entities produce even smarter entities faster: improvement gets harder as easy gains are used up, as with schooling, factory learning and the Flynn effect. Argues that greater intelligence or speed changes the level of world product once, not its later growth rate. The next sentences grant that growth may rise with the size of the economy, as it has for millennia.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"(First passage) Written about Vinge's intelligence-explosion claim, which Hanson reads as also a claim about accelerating economic growth. (Second passage) Second passage of the same contesting record as the first passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-g02-c","evidence-ec-g02-d"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located-tier-2","contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2000-11-17","note":"Earliest retrieved capture of the page; the CDX index was unavailable, so an earlier capture is not excluded."},"engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Rejects the premise that the task of self-improvement stays equally hard as intelligence rises; rejects the premise that higher intelligence or speed raises the growth rate rather than the level of output."},"tier":{"value":2,"basis":"Tier 2 (unchanged). Short-form commentary: a comment of about 1,500 words in an online discussion of Vinge's essay (listed by the author as Extropy Online, Oct. 1998). The author is an economist, but the rule places short-form commentary in tier 2 whoever writes it. Judgement recorded: the comment is a reply in an open discussion, with no model and no references beyond two links, not a substantive scholarly argument."}}}},{"id":"ec-g05-trammell-korinek-2020-growth-under-transformative-ai-b","statement":"Trammell and Korinek, “Economic Growth under Transformative AI: A guide to the vast range of possibilities for output growth, wages, and the labor share” (2021-02-04) bears on G05. Treats growth-rate increases and singularities as benchmarks that hold \"for some time\" before limits such as land or energy bind.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Absent from the NBER version (2023), whose introduction is rewritten.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-g05-b"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Says limits end super-exponential growth eventually; does not say they prevent explosive growth or end it quickly.","claimed":{"date":"2020-10","note":"Series cover date of GPI Working Paper 8-2020; the October 2020 wording was not retrieved."},"attested":{"date":"2021-06-25","note":"Only retrieved capture of the GPI PDF (text dated 2021-02-04)."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Tier 1 (unchanged). Working paper by authors with stated economics affiliations (Department of Economics, University of Oxford; Department of Economics, University of Virginia, NBER and CEPR, per the title page of the 2023 GPI revision); later NBER Working Paper 31815 and Annual Review of Economics."}}}},{"id":"ec-m02-cowen-2019-neglected-open-questions-b","statement":"Cowen, “Neglected Open Questions in the Economics of Artificial Intelligence” (2019-05) bears on M02. Cowen characterises the recent literature as focused on capital-for-labour substitution and its domestic labour-market effects, then turns to neglected questions.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Cowen's characterisation of other writings (unnamed), not his own model; volume published May 2019, conference September 2017.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m02-23"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Describes the literature's focus on substitution rather than itself modelling AI as task automation.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Chapter of the NBER Economics of AI volume (core venue); a short comment chapter, but a chapter of a scholarly volume, not short-form commentary."}}}},{"id":"ec-e01-hanson-economic-growth-given-machine-intelligence-b","statement":"Hanson, “Economic Growth Given Machine Intelligence” (2000-08-19) bears on E01. In an endogenous learning-by-doing variant, the model loses steady-state solutions and growth keeps accelerating.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A model scenario, not Hanson's forecast; he sets it aside \"to remain conservative\". The acceleration comes from learning by doing in the economy, not from AI improving AI.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e01-03"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"A model scenario under stated conditions, not the author’s own claim.","missing":"Accelerating growth via endogenous technology; no machine intelligence improving its own design.","claimed":{"date":"1998","note":"Author's own citation in the December 2000 paper. The PDF gives the author's Berkeley address; his vita lists a Berkeley postdoc in 1997–1999 and a George Mason post from 1999. The 1998 wording was not retrieved."},"attested":{"date":"2000-08-19","note":"Capture of the PDF (PDF metadata: created 2000-06-22). No earlier capture was retrieved: year-only Wayback requests for this URL and for hanson.berkeley.edu/aigrow.pdf found none, and the CDX index was unavailable during retrieval, so an earlier capture is not excluded."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Working paper by an economist (Hanson)."},"conditions":"Learning-by-doing technology with parameters such that the expression for steady growth is not positive."}}},{"id":"ec-e01-gans-2018-self-regulating-agi-b","statement":"Gans, “Self-Regulating Artificial General Intelligence” (2018-02) bears on E01. After quoting Good and citing Yudkowsky (2007) and Omohundro (2007) on \"recursive self-improvement\", Gans recasts it in economic terms. Gans's main result: a paperclip AI refrains from activating power-accumulating successor AIs.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"(First passage) A modelling premise, not a forecast. The paper does not model capability acceleration. (Second passage) A model result limiting one channel (power-accumulating successors), not a rejection of RSI: by (A1) self-improvement runs through specialist AIs, and the paperclip AI \"will have an incentive to switch on a research specialist AI\" (sec. 9). Lowered from contests on 2026-10-15.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e01-20","evidence-ec-e01-21"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"A model scenario under stated conditions, not the author’s own claim.","missing":"(E01-20) States the mechanism of self-improvement (building a better AI) without acceleration; the paper argues that a control problem limits it. (E01-21) Limits the creation of power-accumulating successors; the model still has the AI activate research-specialist AIs, so accelerating cognitive self-improvement is not contested.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Gans is an economist."},"conditions":"Assumptions A1 and A2."}}},{"id":"ec-e02-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2019-economics-of-ai-introduction-a","statement":"Agrawal, Gans and Goldfarb, “Introduction to \"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda\"” (2019-05) articulates E02. The editors distinguish machine learning, AGI and automation as meanings of AI.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The passage reports a view the author does not state as their own. Reported view of computer scientists and philosophers (Bostrom 2014; Kaplan 2016).","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e02-07"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"relay","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Chapter of the NBER Economics of AI volume (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"lg-cn-li-juanzi-tsinghua-professor-2008","statement":"Zhipu’s Hong Kong prospectus of 30 December 2025 states that Li Juanzi has been a tenured professor in Tsinghua University’s Department of Computer Science and Technology since December 2008.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A biography in the company’s filing; it does not establish a role after the prospectus date.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-cn-li-juanzi-tsinghua-professor-2008"],"attributes":{"role":"tenured professor, Department of Computer Science and Technology"}},{"id":"lg-oai-hurd-board-2021","statement":"OpenAI announced on 3 May 2021 that Will Hurd had joined its board of directors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The announcement does not name the legal entity; the record assigns the board to OpenAI, Inc., the nonprofit that OpenAI’s 2019 note names as OpenAI Inc and that, according to OpenAI’s structure page, has always governed and controlled the for-profit (context evidence). No end date is recorded here.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-oai-hurd-board-2021","lg-ev-oai-hurd-board-2021-inc","lg-ev-oai-hurd-board-2021-governed"],"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-gs-hendrycks-xai-adviser-2023","statement":"Ars Technica reported on 12 July 2023 that xAI had announced that Dan Hendrycks, director of the Center for AI Safety, would be advising the team.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on reporting (Ars Technica) of xAI's launch announcement, which was not retrieved. An advisory role, not employment; xAI named no safety lead in the sources retrieved. The record does not establish how long the role lasted.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gs-hendrycks-xai-adviser-2023"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"adviser to the xAI team"}},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551","statement":"The mailing-list message “Re: supergoal stability” (2002-05-03) is sent under the name Eliezer S. Yudkowsky.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551"]},{"id":"fl-eu-cop-draft1-published","statement":"The European Commission published the initial draft of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice on 14 November 2024. The draft is presented by the Chairs and Vice-Chairs of the four working groups, who invited written feedback from Plenary participants and observers by Thursday, 28 November, 12:00 CET.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Records the draft as the Commission published it and as its authors present it. The Commission's library page, read by the cross-family check, could not be retrieved at admission (HTTP 403); the draft PDF from the Commission's newsroom was retrieved and its text matched. The copy of the draft held by the Dutch Senate (Eerste Kamer), from which the candidate pack originally read it, has the same extracted text on all 36 pages. A draft binds no one.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-published-1","evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-published-2","evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-published-3","evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-published-4"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-anthropic-nvidia-capacity","statement":"The joint announcement of 18 November 2025 stated that Anthropic’s compute commitment would initially be up to one gigawatt of compute capacity with NVIDIA Grace Blackwell and Vera Rubin systems, and that Anthropic and NVIDIA would collaborate on design and engineering.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"States the hardware basis of the commitment (\"initially\"), not a delivery or deployment; the capacity is \"up to\" one gigawatt. It does not show which data centres host the systems.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-anthropic-nvidia-capacity-1","evidence-cpo-ch-anthropic-nvidia-capacity-2"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"compute_capacity","relationshipContext":"external","transactionStage":"committed","quantity":{"value":1,"unit":"GW (as worded: 'up to one gigawatt of compute capacity')","bound":"up_to","measures":"not_stated"},"supply":{"product":"systems","units":"NVIDIA Grace Blackwell and Vera Rubin systems"}}},{"id":"ab-arg-d4-moulange-articulates","statement":"The preprint \"Towards Responsible Governance of Biological Design Tools\" (arXiv v1, 27 November 2023) states that biological design tools pose distinct regulatory challenges and that regulatory proposals tailored to large language models may be less effective for them.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record documents what this workshop paper states; it is not evidence that the proposition is true and implies no influence between texts.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-arg-d4-moulange-articulates-1","evidence-ab-arg-d4-moulange-articulates-2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"States the difference in terms of what regulation each class needs."}}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-xai-team-2023","title":"Musk announces new AI company that seeks to “understand the universe”","authors":["Benj Edwards"],"publisher":"Ars Technica","publicationDate":"2023-07-12","version":"Contemporaneous report and screenshot of the launch roster. The current x.ai company page has changed; original archive retrieval was unavailable.","canonicalUrl":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/07/musk-announces-new-ai-company-that-seeks-to-understand-the-universe/","evidenceUrl":"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/07/musk-announces-new-ai-company-that-seeks-to-understand-the-universe/","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260211075334/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/07/musk-announces-new-ai-company-that-seeks-to-understand-the-universe/","archivedAt":"2026-02-11","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Benj Edwards, Musk announces new AI company that seeks to “understand the universe” (2023-07-12).","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."}},{"id":"source-babuschkin-bio","title":"About — Igor Babuschkin","authors":["Igor Babuschkin"],"publisher":"Igor Babuschkin","publicationDate":null,"version":"Undated personal career account, inspected 2026-09-18. Identity cross-checked via github.com/ibab, whose babushk.in link redirects to this domain. Dates and employment titles are not supplied.","canonicalUrl":"https://babuschk.in/about.html","evidenceUrl":"https://babuschk.in/about.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260312215654/https://babuschk.in/about.html","archivedAt":"2026-03-12","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Igor Babuschkin, About — Igor Babuschkin.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."}},{"id":"source-legg-deepmind-2014","title":"From academia to industry: The story of Google DeepMind","authors":["Shane Legg"],"publisher":"Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik","publicationDate":"2014-10-08","version":"ICCSW 2014, OASIcs volume 43, page 1. Founder-authored proceedings abstract; DOI 10.4230/OASIcs.ICCSW.2014.1.","canonicalUrl":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ICCSW.2014.1","evidenceUrl":"https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ICCSW.2014.1","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260420154356/https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.ICCSW.2014.1","archivedAt":"2026-04-20","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Shane Legg, From academia to industry: The story of Google DeepMind (2014-10-08).","licence":"Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported","note":"Bibliographic metadata and brief attributed paraphrases or excerpts only. Source roles are relative to each claim."}},{"id":"source-rsp-3-0","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.0","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":"2026-02-24","version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.0; effective date 2026-02-24.","versionDate":"2026-02-24","canonicalUrl":"https://anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/rsp-v3-0","evidenceUrl":"https://anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/rsp-v3-0","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260224203046/https://www.anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/rsp-v3-0","archivedAt":"2026-02-24","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-fsf-3-0","title":"Frontier Safety Framework — v3.0","authors":["Google DeepMind"],"publisher":"Google DeepMind","publicationDate":"2025-09-22","version":"Frontier Safety Framework v3.0; publication date 2025-09-22.","versionDate":"2025-09-22","canonicalUrl":"https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/frontier-safety-framework_3.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/frontier-safety-framework_3.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250922134959/https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/strengthening-our-frontier-safety-framework/frontier-safety-framework_3.pdf","archivedAt":"2025-09-22","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Google DeepMind, Frontier Safety Framework — v3.0.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. 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Hosted on the author's site; the page carries \"©1998 by Robin Hanson\".","canonicalUrl":"https://mason.gmu.edu/~rhanson/vc.html","evidenceUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20001117154900/http://hanson.gmu.edu/vc.html","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20001117154900/http://hanson.gmu.edu/vc.html","archivedAt":"2000-11-17","accessedAt":"2026-10-08","reuse":{"attribution":"Robin Hanson, “Some Skepticism (comment in \"A Critical Discussion of Vinge's Singularity Concept\")”, Online symposium of comments on Vernor Vinge's singularity essay, hosted on the author's site; the page carries \"©1998 by Robin Hanson\", 1998-10.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). 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Published version: Trammell, P., & Korinek, A. (2026). Economic growth under transformative AI. Annual Review of Economics, 18, 589–611. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-051624-061002 Working papers: GPI Working Paper No. 8-2020 (October 2020; checked revision 2021-02-04); NBER Working Paper No. 31815 (2023), https://doi.org/10.3386/w31815. 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Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-cpo-ch-msft-nvda-anthropic-nvda","title":"Microsoft, NVIDIA and Anthropic Announce Strategic Partnerships","authors":["NVIDIA"],"publisher":"NVIDIA (NVIDIA Blog, by NVIDIA Newsroom)","publicationDate":"2025-11-18","version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 9e8e0424fa46767b95865bd62aab07679045c08e25496d8b77ec246b8bb38364). NVIDIA blog post as served on 2026-10-28; dated November 18, 2025. Same joint text as the Anthropic and Microsoft pages, except that its list of Copilot products omits Microsoft 365 Copilot. Its wording can change; earlier wording is not authenticated.","canonicalUrl":"https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/microsoft-nvidia-anthropic-announce-partnership/","evidenceUrl":"https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/microsoft-nvidia-anthropic-announce-partnership/","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"NVIDIA, “Microsoft, NVIDIA and Anthropic Announce Strategic Partnerships”, 2025-11-18.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}},{"id":"source-ab-moulange-2023","title":"Towards Responsible Governance of Biological Design Tools","authors":["arXiv (preprint; workshop paper, Regulatable Machine Learning at NeurIPS 2023)"],"publisher":"arXiv (preprint; workshop paper, Regulatable Machine Learning at NeurIPS 2023)","publicationDate":null,"version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 9e0f06fab595a615ceac3470dd7690069f1460aac6715d2bf9fefaad8bd6054c). arXiv v1 of 27 November 2023 (per the PDF's arXiv stamp) Retrieved again at admission on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 9e0f06fab595a615ceac3470dd7690069f1460aac6715d2bf9fefaad8bd6054c, the same bytes).","canonicalUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.15936v1","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.15936v1","language":"en","accessedAt":"2026-10-28","reuse":{"attribution":"arXiv (preprint; workshop paper, Regulatable Machine Learning at NeurIPS 2023), “Towards Responsible Governance of Biological Design Tools”.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution."}}],"evidence":[{"id":"evidence-babuschkin-deepmind-prior","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"The Journey, DeepMind paragraph","passage":"His career account places WaveNet and AlphaStar work at DeepMind.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-18","note":"Relevant source passage inspected by an automated research assistant. Human source review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-demis-hassabis-cofounded-deepmind-2010","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract, first sentence","passage":"Legg’s abstract names Demis Hassabis among DeepMind’s 2010 co-founders.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-18","note":"Relevant source passage inspected by an automated research assistant. Human source review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-amazon-anthropic-tranche-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Closing investment-update paragraph","passage":"Amazon said the additional $2.75 billion investment was made that day.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-19","note":"Exact cited source passage inspected by a machine agent. Company statements are not independent proof of implementation. Human source review pending."},{"id":"evidence-atlas-openai-charter","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Title, introduction and four principle headings","passage":"The Charter identifies OpenAI’s mission and four guiding principles.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-28","note":"Original source passage checked by the machine agent that proposed the record. No independent machine audit or human source inspection is recorded for this increment."},{"id":"evidence-atlas-deepmind-alphafold-compute","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Methods → Training regimen, first paragraph","passage":"The authors report using TPU v3 for training.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-09-28","note":"Original source passage checked by the machine agent that proposed the record. No independent machine audit or human source inspection is recorded for this increment."},{"id":"evidence-prov-fsf-v3-0-government-disclosure","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 16 (printed p. 16), §5.2 Disclosures, first paragraph, first sentence","passage":"If we assess that a model has reached a CCL that poses an unmitigated and material risk to overall public safety, we aim to share relevant information with appropriate government authorities where it will facilitate safety of frontier AI.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Verbatim excerpt checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03 against the inspected PDF, byte-identical to the Internet Archive capture of 2025-09-22. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-absent-rsp-v3-0-restrict-and-pause","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"RSP v3.0 (effective February 24, 2026), whole text layer, PDF pp. 1–19: Introduction (pp. 3–4); §1 Our Recommendations for Industry-Wide Safety with the threshold table (pp. 4–9); §2 Frontier Safety Roadmap and §3 Risk Reports (pp. 10–15); §4 Governance (p. 15); Appendices A and B (p. 16); Changelog (pp. 17–19).","passage":"Within the inspected scope, no passage stating the provision “Restrict deployment and scaling if safeguards showing fails” was found.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-03","note":"Absence recorded by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-03. Method: Read every section and compared it with the v2.2 provision (§4.3 final sentence, PDF p. 14). Searched case-insensitively for restrict, unable, showing, Required Safeguards, further scaling, scaling and delay. No passage stating that Anthropic will restrict model deployment and further scaling if it cannot show that required safeguards are met was found. Hits examined and not counted: §2 (p. 10) says Anthropic will strive not to revise Frontier Safety Roadmap goals in a less ambitious direction simply because it is unable to achieve them; 'restrict'/'restriction' in §1 describe mitigations a developer's safety case may include (pp. 6–8) and §3.5 lists 'national security restrictions' as a redaction reason (p. 13); Appendix A (p. 16) delay commitments in competitor scenarios (recorded separately); Required Safeguards appear only in reproduced changelog entries (pp. 17–19). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-wh-2023-09-adobe-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Second body paragraph, sentence beginning “Today, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo”","passage":"Adobe, Cohere, IBM, Nvidia, Palantir, Salesforce, Scale AI, and Stability","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim quote, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression (mechanical match after whitespace normalisation). Also matched in the Internet Archive capture of 2023-09-12. The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-cm-link-ms-fgf-2026-seoul-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section 1, first paragraph, second sentence (PDF p. 3; printed p. 2)","passage":"The framework has its genesis in the voluntary Frontier AI Safety Commitments that Microsoft and fifteen other AI labs made in May 2024","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-04","note":"Verbatim quote, re-checked on 2026-10-04 by the integrating session against its own direct fetch of the cited expression (mechanical match after whitespace normalisation). The passage was first proposed and machine-verified in the week 4b research pass. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ts-a2-catai","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section \"Paradigms: 2. Seed AIs\" and section \"Principles: 1. Self-enhancement and domino enhancement\"","passage":"Smarter and smarter AIs become more and more capable of rewriting their own code and making themselves even smarter. [...] The fundamental object of a seed AI is to enhance the ability to enhance abilities.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-06","note":"Checked against the raw capture on 2026-10-06."},{"id":"evidence-ec-g02-c","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Hanson's comment, paragraphs beginning \"Now let me be more critical\" and \"Can we interpret Vinge's claim\"","passage":"If early work focuses on the easiest improvements, however, the task of becoming more productive can get harder as the easy wins are exhausted.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage G02-c (research/economics-growth). The quotation (24 words) matched the checked expression (hanson-vinge-2000) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"evidence-ec-g02-d","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Hanson's comment, paragraph beginning \"Can we interpret Vinge's claim as describing accelerating economic growth?\"","passage":"A one-time reduction in the time to complete various calculations, either due to being smarter or having a faster clock, is a one-time reduction in the cost of certain types of production, which induces a one-time jump in world product.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage G02-d (research/economics-growth). The quotation (40 words) matched the checked expression (hanson-vinge-2000) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"Alone, it reads as a denial of any growth effect; the comment immediately grants a scale effect on growth rates.","requires":"The following two sentences on growth rates rising with the size of the world economy (G03-b)."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-g05-b","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Introduction, paragraph beginning \"Basic physics suggests\"","passage":"The relevant possibility is that AI induces a growth path that resembles these benchmarks for some time, until production confronts limiting factors, such as land or energy, that have never or have not recently been important constraints on growth.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage G05-b (research/economics-growth). The quotation (39 words) matched the checked expression (trammell-gpi) in the pack's verification; one other cached version lacks it. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"evidence-ec-m02-23","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"pdf page 2; chapter opening (printed p. 391)","passage":"Many recent writings consider artificial intelligence (AI), or more broadly \"smart software,\" as a transformative technology. Commonly, these writings focus on the substitution of capital for labor and the attendant domestic labor market effects.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-14","note":"Candidate pack passage M02-23 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (34 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 4501069cee0a059211427ad6e7d6ca65cb809f37623717d15b881350d677377d) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"evidence-ec-e01-03","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Hanson, \"Economic Growth Given Machine Intelligence\" (author-dated 1998; Wayback capture 2000-08-19), sec. 4 \"Some Variations\", learning-by-doing variant, p. 7","passage":"Otherwise, we no longer have diminishing returns and steady growth solutions are no longer possible; our model predicts a continually accelerating growth rate.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage E01-03 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (23 words) matched the Wayback capture 20000819034042 (SHA-256 754380e21b0e9f5a62fe71ea238a86e8640df48a0551c55cf4877a2a732b99c1) in the preparer's verification of 2026-10-11. It was not re-read in the correction pass of 2026-10-15 or at admission on 2026-10-16, because web.archive.org refused connections from the cloud environment. Admitted on the basis of the cross-family GPT check of 2026-10-15, which retrieved the same capture (Memento timestamp and SHA-256 equal to the recorded ones) and found the quotation matching.","contextOnly":{"reason":"A model scenario, not the author's own forecast (maintainer decision D3).","requires":"The model's conditions and the author's own assessment."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-e01-20","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"NBER WP 24352, sec. 5, printed p. 8 (pdf p. 9)","passage":"From an economics perspective, the path to self-improvement would be for the AI to build effectively a better AI.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-16","note":"Candidate pack passage E01-20 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (19 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 80c9e1edf896eda6d385f65d3a656ce31ebc61c8aed053eeff52baf4b8f4ec8a) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"A model scenario, not the author's own forecast (maintainer decision D3).","requires":"The model's conditions and the author's own assessment."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-e01-21","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"NBER WP 24352, sec. 9 \"Conclusion\", p. 14","passage":"the recursive control problem will be understood by any superintelligent AI and be avoided by not ceding control to an AI that might become more powerful than it.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-16","note":"Candidate pack passage E01-21 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (28 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 80c9e1edf896eda6d385f65d3a656ce31ebc61c8aed053eeff52baf4b8f4ec8a) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day.","contextOnly":{"reason":"A model scenario, not the author's own forecast (maintainer decision D3).","requires":"The model's conditions and the author's own assessment."}},{"id":"evidence-ec-e02-07","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Agrawal, Gans and Goldfarb, introduction to The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda (NBER/Chicago, May 2019), p. 3","passage":"computer scientists and philosophers have emphasized the feasibility of a true artificial general intelligence that equals or exceeds human intelligence","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-16","note":"Candidate pack passage E02-07 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (20 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 176dbcbd8a7e924d0f6d7506a9c04fb862a37a99ff3abe07670e7ba892a62839) in the pack's verification of 2026-10-15. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-16 against a copy retrieved that day."},{"id":"lg-ev-cn-li-juanzi-tsinghua-professor-2008","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Directors, Supervisor and Senior Management, “Non-executive Directors”, biography of Li Juanzi, printed page 225","passage":"tenured professor since December 2008 in the Department of Computer Science and Technology at Tsinghua University","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (16 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-hurd-board-2021","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening paragraph","passage":"we’re delighted to announce that Congressman Will Hurd has joined our board of directors","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (14 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-hurd-board-2021-inc","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Paragraph defining the general partner","passage":"OpenAI’s 2019 note gives the legal name of OpenAI Nonprofit as OpenAI Inc.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “whose legal name is “OpenAI Inc”” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-hurd-board-2021-governed","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Opening section (page retrieved on 15 October 2026)","passage":"The structure page states that the for-profit created in 2019 has always been governed and controlled by the nonprofit, now the OpenAI Foundation.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “governed and controlled by the nonprofit” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-hendrycks-xai-adviser-2023","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph beginning “Along those lines”","passage":"xAI also announced that Dan Hendrycks, currently the director of AI alignment research group Center for AI Safety, will be advising the team.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (23 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and judged it partly supported; its findings were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2002-05-03-yudkowsky-0205-3551","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-published-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening statement, first paragraph (p. 1)","passage":"we hereby present the first draft of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice under the AI Act","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (17 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the Commission’s own file, which this record cites (SHA-256 e7522e16b0dd05f368592ff19cd2e4af1f1208be88015bfa0059cdb5f6a32354). Read directly from the Commission's newsroom. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The PDF's text layer drops the hyphen of “General-Purpose”, which is broken across a line; the printed line ends “General-”. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 24) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed in part; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-published-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Opening statement, first paragraph (p. 1)","passage":"Written feedback by the Code of Practice Plenary participants and observers is welcome by Thursday, 28 November","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (17 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the Commission’s own file, which this record cites (SHA-256 e7522e16b0dd05f368592ff19cd2e4af1f1208be88015bfa0059cdb5f6a32354). Read directly from the Commission's newsroom. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 24) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed in part; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-published-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"PDF metadata","passage":"The Commission's PDF gives creation and modification on 14 November 2024, 10:55 UTC, in its metadata.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the copy held by the Dutch Senate, whose extracted text is identical to the Commission’s file; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The copy held by the Dutch Senate gives the same times and names the Eerste Kamer as author. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 24) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed in part; its corrections were applied at admission. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-eu-cop-draft1-published-4","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Publication field","passage":"The Commission's library page for the draft gives the publication date 14 November 2024.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Added at the admission of the frameworks-to-law pack (research/frameworks-to-law). Added at admission under decision 5. The cross-family check (2026-10-28, item 24) read the page (HTTP 200) and quoted its field “Publication 14 November 2024”; this admission's own retrieval was refused (HTTP 403), so the passage rests on the check's reading. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; it is not a quotation. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-ch-anthropic-nvidia-capacity-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"body, paragraph 2","passage":"Anthropic’s compute commitment will initially be up to 1 gigawatt of compute capacity with NVIDIA Grace Blackwell and Vera Rubin systems.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (21 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval (SHA-256 8387eb495945ced0470689ccce0f7188a28dee57b4f65cf699e7b4ed43c3b278; the bytes differ from the pack’s retrieval). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-ch-anthropic-nvidia-capacity-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"body, paragraph 2","passage":"Anthropic’s copy states the same, writing \"up to one gigawatt\", and says Anthropic and NVIDIA will collaborate on design and engineering to optimise Anthropic models and future NVIDIA architectures.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. The cross-family check found it faithful. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-arg-d4-moulange-articulates-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Introduction, PDF p. 1","passage":"This paper outlines the distinct regulatory challenges posed by biological design tools (BDTs) and provides a range of governance measures to address the risks of their misuse.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (27 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paper is the primary source for its own framing. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 104) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-arg-d4-moulange-articulates-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Abstract, PDF p. 1","passage":"We highlight how current regulatory proposals that are primarily tailored toward large language models may be less effective for BDTs, which require fewer computational resources to train","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (27 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The comparison with language-model regulation, in the paper's own words. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 104) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,1,3,5,7,9,18,19,33,45,51,129,137,188,202,207,234,236,251,252,303,337,468,505,508,514,523,524,530,550,553,585,586,597,652,726,821,1007,1243,1257],"claims":[42,48,117,291,303,441,585,680,729,899,1252,1274,1335,1481,1495,1508,1567,1614,1655,2409,2882,3204,3420],"sources":[22,23,25,39,46,59,121,130,134,184,212,238,306,435,474,475,481,503,506,546,587,743,846,847,905,906,1069],"evidence":[44,50,136,312,324,473,652,857,912,1116,1566,1567,1595,1666,1848,1863,1864,1881,1963,2029,2030,2031,2085,3056,3700,3701,3702,3703,4355,4356,4715,4716]},"version":"1lg47t7"}