{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI"},{"id":"anthropic","name":"Anthropic"},{"id":"xai","name":"xAI"},{"id":"microsoft","name":"Microsoft"},{"id":"deepmind","name":"DeepMind"},{"id":"eliezer-yudkowsky","name":"Eliezer Yudkowsky"},{"id":"fsf-2024","name":"Frontier Safety Framework (2024)"},{"id":"o1-card-2024","name":"OpenAI o1 System Card (December 2024)"},{"id":"intelligence-explosion","name":"Intelligence explosion"},{"id":"rsp-v2-1","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v2.1"},{"id":"rsp-v3-1","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.1"},{"id":"rsp-v3-2","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.2"},{"id":"fsf-v3-0","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v3.0"},{"id":"preparedness-beta-2023","name":"OpenAI Preparedness Framework — Beta"},{"id":"john-schulman","name":"John Schulman"},{"id":"jared-kaplan","name":"Jared Kaplan"},{"id":"thinking-machines-lab","name":"Thinking Machines Lab"},{"id":"scaling-laws","name":"Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models"},{"id":"weak-strong-paper","name":"Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervision"},{"id":"scalable-oversight","name":"Scalable oversight"},{"id":"openai-launch-announcement","name":"Introducing OpenAI (2015)"},{"id":"alphafold-account","name":"AlphaFold — CASP14 research account (2020)"},{"id":"cohere","name":"Cohere"},{"id":"meta-faf-v1-1","name":"Meta Frontier AI Framework — Version 1.1"},{"id":"ms-fgf-2026","name":"Microsoft Frontier Governance Framework — February 2026"},{"id":"wh-voluntary-ai-commitments-2023-07","name":"Ensuring Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI: voluntary AI commitments (July 2023)"},{"id":"frontier-ai-safety-commitments-2024","name":"Frontier AI Safety Commitments, AI Seoul Summit 2024"},{"id":"gpai-code-of-practice-2025","name":"General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (final version, 10 July 2025)"},{"id":"michie-1968-computer-servant-or-master","name":"Computer—servant or master"},{"id":"hanson-1994-if-uploads-come-first","name":"If Uploads Come First: The Crack of a Future Dawn"},{"id":"extropians-2000-09-28-yudkowsky","name":"Frontiers of Friendly AI"},{"id":"ai-positive-negative-factor-global-risk","name":"Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk"},{"id":"control-or-purpose-specification","name":"Control or purpose specification"},{"id":"intelligence-brings-benevolence","name":"Sufficient intelligence brings good values"},{"id":"extropians-1997-09-25-yudkowsky-4400","name":"Re: Singularity: Generation gap"},{"id":"extropians-1998-09-18-yudkowsky-2487","name":"Re: Singularity: The Moore's Law Argument"},{"id":"extropians-1999-08-01-yudkowsky-1386","name":"Re: IA vs. AI was: longevity vs singularity"},{"id":"lw-2021-ngo-and-yudkowsky-on-alignment-difficulty","name":"Ngo and Yudkowsky on alignment difficulty"},{"id":"sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031","name":"Re: Floppy take-off"},{"id":"machines-cheaper-at-every-task","name":"Machines cheaper than labour at every task"},{"id":"hanson-economic-growth-given-machine-intelligence","name":"Economic Growth Given Machine Intelligence"},{"id":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","name":"Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth"},{"id":"economics-engagement-with-superintelligence","name":"Economics’ engagement with superintelligence, AGI and the singularity"},{"id":"aidan-gomez","name":"Aidan Gomez"},{"id":"jiang-daxin","name":"Jiang Daxin"},{"id":"openai-agi-readiness-team","name":"AGI Readiness team (OpenAI)"},{"id":"donald-michie","name":"Donald Michie"},{"id":"richard-ngo","name":"Richard Ngo"},{"id":"new-delhi-declaration-2026","name":"AI Impact Summit Declaration (New Delhi Declaration on AI Impact), February 2026"},{"id":"ca-sb1047-2024","name":"California SB 1047 (2023–2024 session)"},{"id":"california-state-assembly","name":"California State Assembly"},{"id":"nvidia-starcloud-blog-2025","name":"How Starcloud Is Bringing Data Centers to Outer Space"},{"id":"oc5-lifecycle-emissions","name":"Lower lifecycle emissions of orbital data centres"},{"id":"bio-misuse-capability-evaluation","name":"Biological misuse capability evaluation"}],"claims":[{"id":"supersedes-rsp-3-2","statement":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.2 replaces v3.1 in the publisher’s documented framework version sequence.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"This records replacement in the public policy version sequence, supported by the publisher’s update history. It does not retire historical claims or prove implementation.","evidenceIds":["evidence-supersedes-rsp-3-2","evidence-supersedes-rsp-3-2-2"]},{"id":"schulman-thinking-machines-chief-scientist","statement":"John Schulman’s professional biography identifies him as Thinking Machines’ chief scientist.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Undated mutable self-description; no appointment date or independent confirmation of continuing employment.","evidenceIds":["evidence-schulman-thinking-machines-chief-scientist"],"attributes":{"role":"Chief Scientist"}},{"id":"lineage-kaplan-authored-scaling","statement":"Scaling Laws names Jared Kaplan as a co-author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"One credited co-author, not sole authorship, leadership, employment or priority for the method.","evidenceIds":["evidence-lineage-kaplan-authored-scaling"]},{"id":"lineage-ii-weak-discusses-oversight","statement":"Weak-to-Strong Generalization distinguishes generalizing beyond weak supervision from improving supervision through scalable oversight.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"An explicit comparison, not a claim that the approaches are equivalent or that superhuman alignment has been solved.","evidenceIds":["evidence-lineage-ii-weak-discusses-oversight"]},{"id":"atlas-openai-launch","statement":"OpenAI published its launch announcement describing a nonprofit AI research company.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Public introduction, not a legal incorporation date. The description belongs to this 2015 announcement.","evidenceIds":["evidence-atlas-openai-launch"]},{"id":"atlas-deepmind-alphafold","statement":"DeepMind published its CASP14 account of AlphaFold protein-structure prediction.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Research account, not a claim that all protein folding or biological function was solved. The page includes a separately labelled 2022 update.","evidenceIds":["evidence-atlas-deepmind-alphafold"]},{"id":"cm-link-rsp-v2-1-wh","statement":"Anthropic’s Responsible Scaling Policy v2.1 states that the policy also helps satisfy Anthropic’s Voluntary White House Commitments (2023).","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The edition’s own statement, quoted from it. “Helps satisfy” is recorded as a claim of fulfilment in part; it is not evidence that the commitments are met. The same sentence also names the Frontier AI Safety Commitments. RSP v3.0 and later editions contain no such sentence; that absence is not recorded as a claim.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-link-rsp-v2-1-wh-1"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"scope":"helps satisfy","link":"fulfils"}}},{"id":"cm-link-meta-faf-v1-1-seoul","statement":"Meta’s Frontier AI Framework v1.1 opens its scope section by stating that, in line with the Frontier AI Safety Commitments, which it says Meta signed in May 2024, the framework relates to Meta’s forthcoming most advanced models and systems.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The edition’s own words, recorded as a response to the commitments. It is not evidence that the commitments are met.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-link-meta-faf-v1-1-seoul-1"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"link":"responds_to"}}},{"id":"cm-eu-code-xai","statement":"From the list’s first publication on 1 August 2025, the European Commission’s signatory page leaves xAI out of its list of signatories of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice and states separately that xAI signed up to the Safety and Security chapter.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The Commission’s statement of a signature limited to one chapter. The same sentence says xAI will have to demonstrate compliance with the AI Act’s transparency and copyright obligations by alternative adequate means; the legal consequence of a chapter-limited signature is set aside.","evidenceIds":["evidence-cm-eu-code-xai-1"],"attributes":{"commitment":{"stage":"listed","scope":"Safety and Security chapter only"}}},{"id":"ts-b6-hanson-1994-context","statement":"Hanson’s 1994 article argues that full social integration of uploads makes a coordinated revolt less likely than segregation or slavery would, and adds that a similar argument applies to AIs capable of wanting to revolt.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Contextual disagreement about revolt risk, not a technical control proposal.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-b6-hanson-1994-context"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Integration is proposed to reduce the risk of revolt; the article neither asserts that people could not direct, correct or stop machines nor denies that control could be lost."}}},{"id":"ts-a1-aipnfgr","statement":"Yudkowsky’s chapter says an AI might make a huge jump in intelligence after reaching a threshold of criticality, the scenario Good called an \"intelligence explosion\".","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The chapter credits the term to Good (1965); the attribution is its own.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ts-a1-aipnfgr","evidence-ts-a1-aipnfgr-2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"yk-y02-lw-2008-that-tiny-note-of-discord-c","statement":"The post “That Tiny Note of Discord” (2008-09-23) contests Y02. Recapping his 2008 autobiographical series, he states that his 1997 self believed any superintelligence would automatically do what is right, and names the flaw in that belief.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t02-e"]},{"id":"yk-y02-sl4-2000-11-13-yudkowsky-0011-0181-c","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: Ben's \"Extropian Creed\"” (2000-11-13) contests Y02. Replying to Ben Goertzel about his newspaper article on Extropians and poverty, he describes his own work on Friendly AI and contrasts it with his former belief that an objective morality would make an AI friendly without design work.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t02-s1"]},{"id":"yk-y02-extropians-1999-08-01-yudkowsky-1386-c","statement":"The Extropians message “Re: IA vs. AI was: longevity vs singularity” (1999-08-01) contests Y02. In a long reply to den Otter, he points to his old Extropians posts and the old version of 'Staring Into the Singularity' as showing how he moved from assuming superintelligences would be good and nice to humans to not knowing what absolute good is.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Greater intelligence by itself brings benevolent goals. Retrospective; refers back to his 1996 posts (his Extropians messages of 1996-11-22) and 'Staring Into the Singularity'. Rejects the assurance of benevolence (the premise that greater intelligence by itself brings benevolent goals) only. The quoted sentence continues 'but if there is one I suppose the Singularity is the best way to serve it', and the same message says 'any garden-variety superintelligence should be able to handle' figuring out the meaning of life, so he did not yet reject the premise that a sufficiently intelligent mind would discover a true morality and be bound to act on it; that came in late 2000 (his SL4 message of 2000-11-13). Two days later (his Extropians message of 1999-08-03) he wrote: 'When I thought AIs would be benevolent, I said so. When I realized I didn't have the vaguest notion, I said so.' The quotation ends before he adds that if there is a meaning of life, the Singularity is the best way to serve it. The quoted words reject the first premise only; the unquoted continuation keeps a conditional form of the second, rejected later (his SL4 message of 2000-11-13 and his 2008 post ‘That Tiny Note of Discord’).","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t02-e3"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting","earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"contrary-only","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage states the contrary conclusion without giving a reason against the premise that greater intelligence by itself brings benevolent goals, even when read with its message or dialogue turn."},"retrospective":{"note":"Reports the view of his old Extropians posts and the old version of Staring into the Singularity."}}}},{"id":"ec-m05-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-b","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) bears on M05. In the accelerationist case of the model, information capital substitutes so well for labour that all income eventually accrues to capital owners, the reverse of Keynes's 'euthanasia of the rentier'. Nordhaus states that the Singularity would require AI to 'encompass all human activities' and notes that non-routine tasks change in response to AI, leaving immunity of other tasks 'an open question'. Nordhaus quotes Simon's 1965 statement of technological radicalism and contrasts it with Simon's moderate productivity expectation. Nordhaus reports that Simon, despite his capability forecast, did not expect accelerating productivity growth.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"(First passage) NBER Working Paper 21547, September 2015 (version dated September 1, 2015); not pre-2015. A model scenario, not the author's forecast: his empirical tests conclude 'the Singularity is not near' (pdf p. 44). The next sentence reads \"Workers would be well-paid but would control a vanishing part of national output\". Bears on M05 (relation changed from articulates on 2026-10-12): a capital share tending to one does not establish that machines perform every present and future task more cheaply than labour. It no longer holds M05's earliest-located role; the model-scenario flag and context restriction stay. A model result under stated conditions, not the author's own claim that machines will do every task (maintainer decision of 2026-10-11). Context-only. (Second passage) NBER Working Paper 21547, September 2015 (version dated September 1, 2015); not pre-2015. (Third passage) Relay: Simon's wording as quoted by Nordhaus (2015) with page references to The Shape of Automation (1965). The 1965 original was not retrieved, so this is not Simon's checked wording. Armer (1966) relays the same forecast (his passage recorded as bearing on M05). (Fourth passage) The passage reports a view the author does not state as their own. A Simon quotation (1965, p. xiii) relayed by Nordhaus (2015), not Nordhaus's own claim. Simon's original was not retrieved or read.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m05-18","evidence-ec-m05-19","evidence-ec-m05-41","evidence-ec-m05-42"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"A model scenario under stated conditions, not the author’s own claim.","missing":"(M05-18) A capital share tending to one does not imply every present and future task is performed more cheaply by machines; the continuation explicitly retains well-paid workers. (M05-19) Raises the role of evolving (new) tasks but neither asserts nor rules out machines performing them more cheaply; treats it as an empirical question of substitutability. (M05-41) A relayed capability forecast by Simon (1965), not a claim about cost relative to labour; in the same passage Nordhaus reports that Simon expected only a \"continuing, but not greatly accelerated, rise in productivity\". (M05-42) A relayed productivity expectation; it does not address cost relative to labour in all tasks.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."},"conditions":"Elasticity of substitution between information capital and labour bounded above one; rapid capital-augmenting technical change."}}},{"id":"ec-e05-hanson-economic-growth-given-machine-intelligence-b","statement":"Hanson, “Economic Growth Given Machine Intelligence” (2000-08-19) bears on E05. Hanson justifies his paper by a gap in economic research. Hanson's closing call for more economic research.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"(First passage) A neglect statement about the economics of machine intelligence that substitutes for human labour, not about superintelligence or RSI. Wording attested from the 2000-08-19 capture; author-dated 1998. E05 boundary, option A (maintainer decision of 2026-10-15): bears on E05, because its neglect statement concerns machine intelligence that does human jobs, which the maintainer does not count as AGI for E05 (as for E02, decision of 2026-10-15); it belongs with the parent pack's M09. (Second passage) A call for scrutiny of machine intelligence generally, not of superintelligence. Wording attested from the 2000-08-19 capture. E05 boundary, option A (maintainer decision of 2026-10-15): bears on E05, because its call for scrutiny concerns machine intelligence that does human jobs, which the maintainer does not count as AGI for E05 (as for E02, decision of 2026-10-15).","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e05-02","evidence-ec-e05-03"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"(E05-02) The neglected topic is machine intelligence replacing labour, not superintelligence, RSI or existential risk. (E05-03) Topic is machine intelligence as labour substitute, not superintelligence, RSI or existential risk.","claimed":{"date":"1998","note":"Author's own citation in the December 2000 paper. The PDF gives the author's Berkeley address; his vita lists a Berkeley postdoc in 1997–1999 and a George Mason post from 1999. The 1998 wording was not retrieved."},"attested":{"date":"2000-08-19","note":"Capture of the PDF (PDF metadata: created 2000-06-22). No earlier capture was retrieved: year-only Wayback requests for this URL and for hanson.berkeley.edu/aigrow.pdf found none, and the CDX index was unavailable during retrieval, so an earlier capture is not excluded."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Working paper by an economist (Hanson)."}}}},{"id":"lg-gs-agi-readiness-team-distributed-2024","statement":"Miles Brundage, who led OpenAI's AGI Readiness team, wrote on 23 October 2024 that the remainder of the team would be distributed among other teams.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A planned change described by the departing team lead, not an OpenAI announcement. The same passage says the Economic Research sub-team would move under OpenAI's Chief Economist; that move is not recorded. The record documents a team ended as a unit and distributed within OpenAI; Rosie Campbell's post of 1 December 2024 refers to the dissolution of the team as having happened; the record does not establish when it was completed.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gs-agi-readiness-team-distributed-2024","lg-ev-gs-agi-readiness-team-distributed-2024-lead","lg-ev-gs-agi-readiness-team-distributed-2024-campbell"],"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced"}},{"id":"lg-new-gomez-cohere-ceo","statement":"Cohere’s company page, as retrieved on 15 October 2026, identifies Aidan Gomez as CEO.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A snapshot of the title on an undated page; it does not establish when the role began.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-new-gomez-cohere-ceo"],"attributes":{"role":"CEO"}},{"id":"lg-cn-jiang-daxin-microsoft-prior","statement":"Kechuangban Ribao (科创板日报) described Jiang Daxin on 23 March 2024 as a former Microsoft global vice president and chief scientist of Microsoft’s Asia internet engineering academy (微软亚洲互联网工程院).","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on reporting, not a Microsoft record; no tenure or end date is established. English rendering of the Chinese passage is a machine translation; no human translation review.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-cn-jiang-daxin-microsoft-prior"],"attributes":{"role":"全球副总裁；微软亚洲互联网工程院首席科学家 (global vice president; chief scientist)"}},{"id":"cmp-preparedness-beta-2023-d6-competitor","statement":"No passage meeting the comparison question “Provisions conditioned on other developers” was found in Preparedness · Beta within the inspected scope.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: the comparison question asks for the following. A provision that relaxes, adjusts or conditions the developer’s safeguards or commitments on what other developers do or have (often called a “race” or “marginal risk” clause). Scope tests that decide whether a model is covered by the framework are recorded as context, not counted. The inspected scope of Preparedness · Beta was: Whole text layer, PDF pp. 1–27 (all sections read). Method: the edition was read in full and its text layer searched case-insensitively for other organi, industry, competit, race, marginal, others, peer, comparable. Hits examined and not counted: PDF p. 3, Introduction, final paragraph: recognises other organisations for publishing Responsible Scaling Policies and encourages others to adopt similar approaches; it does not make any provision depend on other developers. 'comparable' hits (PDF pp. 9, 10, 17, 18) are level definitions comparing model output to existing resources or human content. No hits for 'competit', 'race', 'marginal' or 'peer'. The conclusion is bounded by that scope and method.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A recorded absence within the stated scope: not a claim that the provision was deleted, and not a statement about practice or intent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-preparedness-beta-2023-d6-competitor"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"exception","key":"comparison-d6-competitor","facet":{"id":"D6.competitor"}}}},{"id":"cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d3-halt","statement":"Microsoft FGF · Feb 2026 states a provision on the comparison question “Pause, non-deployment or non-training”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The pause is tied to unmitigable risk rather than to reaching a level; high or critical models are 'subject to further review and safety and security mitigations prior to deployment' (PDF p. 7). What the edition states, quoted from the cited expression. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d3-halt-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"comparison-d3-halt","facet":{"id":"D3.halt","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"ap-donald-michie-michie-1968-computer-servant-or-master","statement":"“Computer—servant or master” (1986) credits Donald Michie as its author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The credit is the title-page credit of the collection On Machine Intelligence (1986), in which the chapter appears without a byline of its own; the 1968 original was not inspected. It says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-donald-michie-michie-1968-computer-servant-or-master"]},{"id":"ap-richard-ngo-lw-2021-ngo-and-yudkowsky-on-alignment-difficulty","statement":"“Ngo and Yudkowsky on alignment difficulty” (2021-11-15) credits Richard_Ngo as one of its 2 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-richard-ngo-lw-2021-ngo-and-yudkowsky-on-alignment-difficulty"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1997-09-25-yudkowsky-4400","statement":"The Extropians message “Re: Singularity: Generation gap” of 1997-09-25, archive message 4400, is sent under the name Eliezer S. Yudkowsky.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1997-09-25-yudkowsky-4400"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1998-09-18-yudkowsky-2487","statement":"The mailing-list message “Re: Singularity: The Moore's Law Argument” (1998-09-18) is sent under the name Eliezer S. Yudkowsky.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1998-09-18-yudkowsky-2487"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-2000-09-28-yudkowsky","statement":"The mailing-list message “Frontiers of Friendly AI” (2000-09-28) is sent under the name Eliezer S. Yudkowsky.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-2000-09-28-yudkowsky"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031","statement":"The mailing-list message “Re: Floppy take-off” (2001-08-01) is sent under the name Eliezer S. Yudkowsky.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031"]},{"id":"cmp-fsf-2024-d1-other","statement":"FSF · 2024 states a provision on the comparison question “Other named domains”, in a weaker form than the question’s criterion.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Stated, partly: the passage has what the question’s criterion asks for, but in a weaker form than the criterion’s own words. Named only in Future work as a possible example of an addition, with no CCL or threshold in this edition. No further tracked domain beyond the four in “Chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear weapons”–“Autonomy, self-improvement or AI research and development”. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-fsf-2024-d1-other-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"comparison-d1-other","facet":{"id":"D1.other","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"cmp-fsf-v3-0-d2-definition","statement":"FSF · v3.0 states a provision on the comparison question “How a threshold is defined”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Misuse CCLs are worded in terms of added harm expected at severe scale, which footnote 10 (PDF p. 10) defines as measured against a baseline without generative AI. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-fsf-v3-0-d2-definition-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"comparison-d2-definition","facet":{"id":"D2.definition","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d7-external","statement":"Microsoft FGF · Feb 2026 states a provision on the comparison question “Public or external reporting”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Public sharing is qualified in the same sentence: care is to be taken to minimise information hazards and to protect information that is commercially sensitive. The edition also says reports on serious or critical incidents go to regulatory authorities and affected customers as appropriate (PDF p. 9). 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Admitted on the basis of the cross-family GPT check of 2026-10-15, which retrieved the same capture (Memento timestamp and SHA-256 equal to the recorded ones) and found the quotation matching."},{"id":"evidence-ec-e05-03","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Hanson, \"Economic Growth Given Machine Intelligence\" (author-dated 1998; Wayback capture 2000-08-19), concluding section, p. 12","passage":"If machine intelligences are a real prospect in the foreseeable future, their economic implications would seem to deserve closer scrutiny.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage E05-03 (research/economics-mainstream/esoteric). The quotation (20 words) matched the Wayback capture 20000819034042 (SHA-256 754380e21b0e9f5a62fe71ea238a86e8640df48a0551c55cf4877a2a732b99c1) in the preparer's verification of 2026-10-11. It was not re-read in the correction pass of 2026-10-15 or at admission on 2026-10-16, because web.archive.org refused connections from the cloud environment. Admitted on the basis of the cross-family GPT check of 2026-10-15, which retrieved the same capture (Memento timestamp and SHA-256 equal to the recorded ones) and found the quotation matching."},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-agi-readiness-team-distributed-2024","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section “What’s happening to the AGI Readiness team?”","passage":"The remainder of the AGI Readiness team will be distributed among other teams","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (13 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-agi-readiness-team-distributed-2024-lead","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Section “Who are you/what did you do at OpenAI?”","passage":"The teams I’ve led (Policy Research and then AGI Readiness)","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (10 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-agi-readiness-team-distributed-2024-campbell","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Slack message, paragraph 1","passage":"the dissolution of the AGI Readiness team","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-16","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (7 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Rosie Campbell's post of 1 December 2024 refers to the team's dissolution as having happened. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-new-gomez-cohere-ceo","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section “Meet our team”, Founders","passage":"Aidan Gomez Co-founder and CEO","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (5 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-cn-jiang-daxin-microsoft-prior","sourceRole":"secondary","support":"supports","locator":"Section “技术大牛云集 以实现AGI为目标”, second sentence","passage":"前微软全球副总裁、微软亚洲互联网工程院首席科学家姜大昕博士","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The quotation (1 words) matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-16/17) re-read the record’s sources and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-preparedness-beta-2023-d6-competitor","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Preparedness · Beta: Whole text layer, PDF pp. 1–27 (all sections read).","passage":"Within the inspected scope, no passage meeting the comparison question “Provisions conditioned on other developers” was found.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-26","note":"Absence recorded by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-15 for the framework comparison, audited in a fresh context, checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-15 and re-checked on 2026-10-26. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d3-halt-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 9 (printed p. 8), §4 Mitigations, Safety mitigations, paragraph 'Post-mitigation capability assessment and safety buffer', second sentence","passage":"If, during the implementation of this framework, we identify a risk we cannot sufficiently mitigate, we will pause development and deployment until the point at which mitigation practices evolve to meet the risk.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Existing dataset passage for this edition, which contains the comparison’s shorter quotation, first checked on 2026-10-03. The comparison’s quotation was checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 against the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-ap-donald-michie-michie-1968-computer-servant-or-master","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF page 6, book title page; the chapter opens on PDF page 245 (printed page 240) without a byline","passage":"Credited as “DONALD MICHIE” (pDF page 6, book title page; the chapter opens on PDF page 245 (printed page 240) without a byline).","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27 on a rendered page, who corrected the locator: the name the preparer matched occurs in early biographical text, not in a byline. Given as a labelled paraphrase because the source records no document length against which a quotation can be checked. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-richard-ngo-lw-2021-ngo-and-yudkowsky-on-alignment-difficulty","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Post author list in the publisher’s post data (LessWrong GraphQL API)","passage":"Richard_Ngo","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval through the publisher’s post data and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1997-09-25-yudkowsky-4400","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-1998-09-18-yudkowsky-2487","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-extropians-2000-09-28-yudkowsky","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-sl4-2001-08-01-yudkowsky-0108-2031","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Eliezer S. Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-fsf-2024-d1-other-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 6 (printed p. 6), Future work, bullet 'Updated set of risks and mitigations', first sub-bullet","passage":"Under Future work, the edition lists misaligned AI as a possible addition: guarding against AI systems that act adversarially towards people may need further Framework components.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-fsf-v3-0-d2-definition-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 4 (printed p. 4), §1.2 Critical Capability Levels, first paragraph, second sentence","passage":"The edition defines CCLs as levels of capability at which frontier AI models or systems without mitigations may present a heightened risk of severe harm.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d7-external-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10 (printed p. 9), §5 Governance, Risk-informed deployment decision, third paragraph, first sentence","passage":"The edition says Microsoft will share publicly information on the model’s capabilities and limitations, on relevant evaluations and on its risk classification, while taking care to protect commercially sensitive information and to minimise information hazards capable of creating safety and security risks.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Explicit paraphrase by an automated research assistant, corrected on 2026-10-28 after a blind check of all 287 comparison paraphrases by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-28 (research/frontier-framework-comparison/codex-paraphrases-2026-10-28.md), which found that it left out the care to minimise information hazards and to protect commercially sensitive information, which qualifies the same sentence. The correction was written from the passage as re-read in the publisher copy retrieved on 2026-10-28, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Given as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-ms-fgf-2026-d7-external-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 10 (printed p. 9), §5 Governance, Risk-informed deployment decision, third paragraph, second sentence","passage":"The edition says Microsoft will report information on tracked high-risk capabilities where regulation requires it and as appropriate for managing frontier risks effectively.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-fl-intl-new-delhi-industry-voluntary-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Annexure, 'Secure and Trusted AI', first paragraph","passage":"we recognize the importance of security in AI systems, industry-led voluntary measures, and the adoption of technical solutions, and appropriate policy frameworks","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from www.pib.gov.in. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-fl-us-ca-sb1047-passed-assembly-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Press release of August 28, 2024, first paragraph","passage":"passed the California State Assembly in a bipartisan 49-15 vote","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (10 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Read directly from sd11.senate.ca.gov. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 50) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-cpo-orb-oc5-nvidia-starcloud-2025-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"paragraph 3 (quotation of Philip Johnston)","passage":"then there will be 10x carbon-dioxide savings over the life of the data center","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, compute, power and orbit (research/compute-power-orbit). The quotation (14 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-29/30, item 91) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-fw-rsp-v2-1-cbrn-4-expected-safeguards-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 8 (printed p. 4), §2, table row “CBRN weapons”, entry “CBRN-4”, Required Safeguards column","passage":"We expect this threshold will require the ASL-4 Deployment and Security Standards. We plan to add more information about what those entail in a future update.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (26 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-ev-o1-card-cbrn-category-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 15, §5 Preparedness Framework Evaluations, opening paragraph","passage":"The evaluations currently cover four risk categories: cybersecurity, CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear), persuasion, and model autonomy.","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (17 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 24) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,1,3,4,9,19,22,26,27,43,46,47,51,53,68,72,82,85,103,107,120,133,163,199,202,250,252,253,265,282,310,314,346,351,393,398,399,414,465,517,524,526,589,617,701,756,899,905,1024,1051,1070,1094,1119,1266],"claims":[79,148,192,241,277,298,697,730,740,851,921,998,999,1004,1369,1544,1732,1920,1936,2124,2165,2289,2298,2356,2364,2385,2404,2593,2618,2727,2964,3007,3090,3265,3376],"sources":[0,13,29,37,41,44,46,48,77,83,102,133,178,184,244,265,284,313,318,319,360,365,366,381,432,475,489,580,653,654,723,856,895,923],"evidence":[89,90,167,211,262,298,319,875,913,941,1065,1141,1142,1224,1225,1230,1709,1710,1711,1712,1930,1931,2208,2209,2210,2483,2500,2754,2810,2936,2945,3003,3011,3032,3051,3257,3286,3424,3425,3828,3898,4060,4479,4637]},"version":"1lg47t7"}