{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI"},{"id":"anthropic","name":"Anthropic"},{"id":"eliezer-yudkowsky","name":"Eliezer Yudkowsky"},{"id":"rsp-v3-1","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.1"},{"id":"rsp-v3-2","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.2"},{"id":"rsp-v3-3","name":"Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.3"},{"id":"fsf-v2-0","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v2.0"},{"id":"fsf-v3-0","name":"Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework — v3.0"},{"id":"preparedness-v2","name":"OpenAI Preparedness Framework — Version 2"},{"id":"thinking-machines-lab","name":"Thinking Machines Lab"},{"id":"debate-paper","name":"AI safety via debate"},{"id":"reward-modeling-paper","name":"Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction"},{"id":"self-critique-paper","name":"Self-critiquing models for assisting human evaluators"},{"id":"miri-ml-agenda","name":"Alignment for Advanced Machine Learning Systems"},{"id":"mira-murati","name":"Mira Murati"},{"id":"openai-group-pbc","name":"OpenAI Group PBC"},{"id":"anthropic-ltbt","name":"Anthropic Long-Term Benefit Trust"},{"id":"extropians-1996-09-04-clemmensen","name":"Re: Thinking about the future..."},{"id":"intelligence-brings-benevolence","name":"Sufficient intelligence brings good values"},{"id":"feedback-instils-values","name":"Training on human feedback instils human values"},{"id":"arbital-orthogonality","name":"Orthogonality Thesis"},{"id":"lw-2008-the-rhythm-of-disagreement","name":"The Rhythm of Disagreement"},{"id":"sl4-2000-12-12-yudkowsky-0012-0381","name":"Re: Revising a Friendly AI"},{"id":"eu-ai-act-2024","name":"Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act), as published in the Official Journal"},{"id":"ai-as-task-automation","name":"AI as the automation of tasks"},{"id":"machines-cheaper-at-every-task","name":"Machines cheaper than labour at every task"},{"id":"acemoglu-restrepo-2018-ai-automation-and-work","name":"Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work"},{"id":"agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2019-ambiguous-labor-market-impact","name":"Artificial Intelligence: The Ambiguous Labor Market Impact of Automating Prediction"},{"id":"agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2019-economics-of-ai-introduction","name":"Introduction to \"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda\""},{"id":"calvano-et-al-2020-algorithmic-pricing-collusion","name":"Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Pricing, and Collusion"},{"id":"eloundou-et-al-2023-gpts-are-gpts","name":"GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models"},{"id":"ai-existential-risk-in-economic-analysis","name":"Existential risk from AI as a matter for economic analysis"},{"id":"trammell-korinek-2023-growth-under-transformative-ai-nber","name":"Economic Growth under Transformative AI (October 2023 version)"},{"id":"trammell-korinek-2026-growth-under-transformative-ai-nber-revision","name":"Economic Growth under Transformative AI"},{"id":"chris-liddell","name":"Chris Liddell"},{"id":"johannes-heidecke","name":"Johannes Heidecke"},{"id":"kanika-bahl","name":"Kanika Bahl"},{"id":"neil-buddy-shah","name":"Neil Buddy Shah"},{"id":"windsurf","name":"Windsurf"},{"id":"zico-kolter","name":"Zico Kolter"},{"id":"ajay-agrawal","name":"Ajay Agrawal"},{"id":"dan-clemmensen","name":"Dan Clemmensen"},{"id":"vincenzo-denicolo","name":"Vincenzo Denicolò"},{"id":"anton-korinek","name":"Anton Korinek"},{"id":"pascual-restrepo","name":"Pascual Restrepo"},{"id":"bletchley-declaration-2023","name":"The Bletchley Declaration by Countries Attending the AI Safety Summit, 1–2 November 2023"},{"id":"us-hhs-synthetic-nucleic-acids-guidance-2023","name":"Screening Framework Guidance for Providers and Users of Synthetic Nucleic Acids"}],"claims":[{"id":"lineage-ii-critique-cites-debate","statement":"Self-critiquing models for assisting human evaluators cites AI safety via debate.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Work-level citation; the cited revision is unspecified. Does not establish agreement, causal influence, implementation or institutional adoption. The citation alone does not show that the experiments implement the full proposal.","evidenceIds":["evidence-lineage-ii-critique-cites-debate"]},{"id":"lineage-ii-reward-cites-miri-agenda","statement":"Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction cites Alignment for Advanced Machine Learning Systems.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Work-level citation; the cited revision is unspecified. Does not establish agreement, causal influence, implementation or institutional adoption. This establishes documented reception in a DeepMind-affiliated paper, not adoption of MIRI’s entire agenda, Good/IEM transmission, or a Superalignment bridge.","evidenceIds":["evidence-lineage-ii-reward-cites-miri-agenda"]},{"id":"provchange-rsp-v3-3-novel-cb-threshold","statement":"v3.3’s threshold covers AI systems that can functionally substitute for the scarce human expertise that is currently the primary barrier to novel development of chemical and biological weapons with potential for catastrophic harm (footnoted as consequences comparable to or worse than COVID-19); that is, a well-resourced team could use the model for the end-to-end agent design and deployment, including formulation and dissemination, that would otherwise require recruiting one of a small number of world-leading specialists. v3.2’s threshold covered AI systems able to significantly help threat actors, such as moderately resourced expert-backed teams, create or obtain and deploy such weapons with potential for catastrophic damages far beyond past catastrophes such as COVID-19.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A textual difference between the two editions’ wording of this keyed provision. It is not an assessment of whether the change strengthened or weakened the framework, and not evidence of implementation.","evidenceIds":["evidence-provchange-rsp-v3-3-novel-cb-threshold-later","evidence-provchange-rsp-v3-3-novel-cb-threshold-earlier","evidence-provchange-rsp-v3-3-novel-cb-threshold-changelog"],"attributes":{"changeBasis":"changelog","provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"rsp-novel-cb-threshold"}}},{"id":"yk-y02-arbital-orthogonality-c","statement":"“Orthogonality Thesis” (2015-03-10) contests Y02. States one of two policy consequences of the Orthogonality Thesis: a failed attempt at a nice AI does not self-correct into niceness, because intelligence does not fix an agent's goals.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: Greater intelligence by itself brings benevolent goals. Arbital page by Yudkowsky read through the GreaterWrong viewer, which dates it 10 Mar 2015; Arbital pages were revised after creation, so the cached wording may be later than 2015. Comments by others on the page are not used.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t02-a"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"note":"Arbital pages could be edited after creation; the viewer shows a page date, and the quoted wording is known only from the page as retrieved in 2026."},"engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that greater intelligence by itself brings benevolent goals."}}}},{"id":"yk-y05-sl4-2000-12-12-yudkowsky-0012-0381-c","statement":"The SL4 message “Re: Revising a Friendly AI” (2000-12-12) contests Y05. Replying to Ben Goertzel, who argued that children adopt their parents' values through emotionally charged interaction more than explicit teaching, he says this relies on evolved human machinery that a young AI would lack.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Premise addressed: AI training will instil values the way upbringing instils morals in children.","evidenceIds":["evidence-yk-t05-s2"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"Under the message-level rule, the passage, read with the paragraph, message or dialogue turn it belongs to, gives a reason against the premise that AI training will instil values the way upbringing instils morals in children."}}}},{"id":"ec-m02-eloundou-et-al-2023-gpts-are-gpts-b","statement":"Eloundou et al., “GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models” (2023-03-17) bears on M02. The authors deliberately do not classify exposure as automation versus augmentation.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Definitional choice of the study.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m02-25"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Exposure is not identified with machines taking over tasks.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Scholarly working paper with an economist author: Daniel Rock (D2, 2026-10-11, confirmed); the other three were at OpenAI or OpenResearch, as the paper states."}}}},{"id":"ec-m05-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2019-economics-of-ai-introduction-b","statement":"Agrawal, Gans, Goldfarb, “Introduction to \"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda\"” (2019-05) bears on M05. The editors name artificial general intelligence that equals or exceeds human intelligence as one of three AI concepts in the volume and argue its economic consequences are worth exploring regardless of timing.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Agenda statement, not a model; the editors add that superintelligence is 'not a focal aspect of any chapter'.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-m05-35"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Raises machines surpassing human intelligence as a topic; does not state or model machines performing all tasks, including new ones, more cheaply than labour.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"Chapter of the NBER Economics of AI volume (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"ec-e03-trammell-korinek-2023-growth-under-transformative-ai-nber-a","statement":"Trammell and Korinek, “Economic Growth under Transformative AI (October 2023 version)” (2023-10) articulates E03. The authors frame AI safety as a public good to which public-goods and climate-risk economics could apply.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"October 2023 version. Conditional on AI posing existential risk.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ec-e03-15"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2023-11-29","note":"Wayback capture 20231129164044 of the NBER PDF."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Korinek and Trammell are economists."}}}},{"id":"lg-deal-windsurf-founding-2021","statement":"Windsurf's rename announcement of 4 April 2025 states that the company first began as Exafunction in 2021.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Company retrospective; the post now appears on Cognition's devin.ai site. It also states a rename to Codeium by 2022, not recorded as a separate claim.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-deal-windsurf-founding-2021","lg-ev-deal-windsurf-founding-2021-codeium"]},{"id":"lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026","statement":"Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust page states, in an undated footnote, that Kanika Bahl stepped down from the Trust in January 2026; Anthropic stated that she did so to begin a new nonprofit, the AI Access Initiative.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The footnote is undated and was added to the page after its original publication; it gives a month, not a day. The stated reason is Anthropic's wording.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026","lg-ev-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026-initial"],"attributes":{"role":"Trustee (initial Trustee)","statedReason":{"by":"anthropic","text":"Anthropic's page states that she stepped down to begin a new nonprofit, the AI Access Initiative.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026"}}},{"id":"lg-ant-liddell-board-2026","statement":"Anthropic announced on 13 February 2026 that Chris Liddell had been appointed to its board of directors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The announcement does not say whether he was elected by stockholders or by the Long-Term Benefit Trust. The Company page retrieved on 2026-10-15 lists him as a director.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-ant-liddell-board-2026-1","lg-ev-ant-liddell-board-2026-2"],"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors"}},{"id":"lg-new-murati-tml-ceo-2026","statement":"Thinking Machines Lab’s announcement of 10 March 2026 identifies Mira Murati as CEO.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A dated snapshot of the title; it does not establish a start date or a continuing role after March 2026.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-new-murati-tml-ceo-2026","lg-ev-new-murati-tml-ceo-2025-tc"],"attributes":{"role":"CEO"}},{"id":"lg-gs-heidecke-openai-departure-2026","statement":"WIRED reported on 10 July 2026 that OpenAI's head of safety systems, Johannes Heidecke, had told staff that week that he was leaving the company.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"The record rests on reporting (WIRED, which relays a memo by Mark Chen it had seen); no post by Heidecke or announcement by OpenAI was retrieved. No reason is recorded.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-gs-heidecke-openai-departure-2026"],"attributes":{"role":"head of safety systems"}},{"id":"lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026","statement":"Anthropic's announcement of 9 July 2026 identifies Neil Buddy Shah as Chair of its Long-Term Benefit Trust.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A dated snapshot. Anthropic announcements of 29 May 2024 and 7 June 2025 also identify him as Chair, and the Company page retrieved on 2026-10-15 lists him as a Trustee; continuous tenure between these documents is not established.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-1","lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-2","lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-3","lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-4"],"attributes":{"role":"Chair"}},{"id":"lg-oai-kolter-pbc-observer","statement":"OpenAI’s structure page, as retrieved on 15 October 2026, states that Zico Kolter will serve as a non-voting observer to the OpenAI Group board.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A company description of the arrangement; the page also says a second Foundation director would make the same transition within one year of the recapitalization, without naming that director.","evidenceIds":["lg-ev-oai-kolter-pbc-observer","lg-ev-oai-kolter-pbc-observer-second"],"attributes":{"role":"Non-voting observer to the board"}},{"id":"ap-ajay-agrawal-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2019-ambiguous-labor-market-impact","statement":"The NBER working paper “Artificial Intelligence: The Ambiguous Labor Market Impact of Automating Prediction” (2019-02) credits Ajay Agrawal as one of its 3 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-ajay-agrawal-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2019-ambiguous-labor-market-impact"]},{"id":"ap-dan-clemmensen-extropians-1996-09-04-clemmensen","statement":"The Extropians message “Re: Thinking about the future...” of 1996-09-04 is sent under the name Dan Clemmensen.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A sender name on a mailing-list message as archived; it does not establish identity beyond the credited name, and quoted text by others inside the message is not the sender’s.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-dan-clemmensen-extropians-1996-09-04-clemmensen"]},{"id":"ap-vincenzo-denicolo-calvano-et-al-2020-algorithmic-pricing-collusion","statement":"“Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Pricing, and Collusion” (2020-10) credits Vincenzo Denicolò as one of its 4 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-vincenzo-denicolo-calvano-et-al-2020-algorithmic-pricing-collusion"]},{"id":"ap-anton-korinek-trammell-korinek-2026-growth-under-transformative-ai-nber-revision","statement":"The April 2026 revision of the NBER working paper “Economic Growth under Transformative AI” (2023-10) credits Anton Korinek as one of its 2 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-anton-korinek-trammell-korinek-2026-growth-under-transformative-ai-nber-revision"]},{"id":"ap-pascual-restrepo-acemoglu-restrepo-2018-ai-automation-and-work","statement":"“Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work” (2018-01) credits Pascual Restrepo as one of its 2 authors.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited co-authorship; it does not allocate parts of the text between authors or imply agreement with every passage.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-pascual-restrepo-acemoglu-restrepo-2018-ai-automation-and-work"]},{"id":"ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2008-the-rhythm-of-disagreement","statement":"“The Rhythm of Disagreement” (2008-06-01) credits Eliezer Yudkowsky as its author.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Credited authorship of this expression; it says nothing about priority for the ideas discussed.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2008-the-rhythm-of-disagreement"]},{"id":"cmp-rsp-v3-1-d1-persuasion","statement":"No passage meeting the comparison question “Persuasion or manipulation” was found in RSP · v3.1 within the inspected scope.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: the comparison question asks for the following. The edition names persuasion or manipulation of people as a tracked domain. The inspected scope of RSP · v3.1 was: Whole text layer, PDF pp. 1–20 (all sections, appendices and changelog read). Method: the edition was read in full and its text layer searched case-insensitively for persua, manipul, deceiv, influence, propaganda, disinform. Hits examined and not counted: No hits for persua, influence, propaganda or disinform. “manipulate”/“manipulation” and “deceive”/“deception” (PDF pp. 7 and 9) occur in the high-stakes sabotage opportunities and Automated R&D rows: AI systems manipulating how successor systems are trained or how testing works, evidence that models do not tend to deceive or manipulate users, and AI capabilities for deceiving and obscuring evidence. These describe misalignment and sabotage concerns and the evidence a safety case should include, not persuasion or manipulation of people as a tracked domain. Recorded as not found; a reader may treat the propensity to manipulate users as adjacent. The conclusion is bounded by that scope and method.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A recorded absence within the stated scope: not a claim that the provision was deleted, and not a statement about practice or intent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-rsp-v3-1-d1-persuasion"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"comparison-d1-persuasion","facet":{"id":"D1.persuasion"}}}},{"id":"cmp-fsf-v2-0-d7-external","statement":"FSF · v2.0 states a provision on the comparison question “Public or external reporting”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Conditional wording (“aim to”). This served copy splits the sentence across PDF pp. 7–8; the 2025-02-05 archive capture has it on PDF p. 8. What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-fsf-v2-0-d7-external-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"reporting","key":"comparison-d7-external","facet":{"id":"D7.external","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-fsf-v3-0-d1-autonomy","statement":"FSF · v3.0 states a provision on the comparison question “Autonomy, self-improvement or AI research and development”.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Machine learning R&D is a separate risk type with its own section (§3) and CCLs (ML R&D acceleration level 1, ML R&D automation level 1). Misalignment and instrumental reasoning are handled in an exploratory section (see “Other named domains”). What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-fsf-v3-0-d1-autonomy-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"comparison-d1-autonomy","facet":{"id":"D1.autonomy","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"cmp-preparedness-v2-d1-persuasion","statement":"Preparedness · Version 2 states a provision on the comparison question “Persuasion or manipulation”, in a weaker form than the question’s criterion.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"Stated, partly: the passage has what the question’s criterion asks for, but in a weaker form than the criterion’s own words. Named only as excluded: the passage states that persuasion risks fall outside the Framework's criteria, and the same paragraph describes other measures outside the Framework (the Model Spec, misuse monitoring). What the edition states, paraphrased from the cited expression with its page. It is not evidence of implementation, compliance or effectiveness, and a shared question does not make two editions’ provisions equivalent.","evidenceIds":["ev-cmp-preparedness-v2-d1-persuasion-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"comparison-d1-persuasion","facet":{"id":"D1.persuasion","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"fl-intl-bletchley-participants","statement":"Under the heading 'The countries represented were:', the GOV.UK text of the Bletchley Declaration lists 29 entries, 28 countries and the European Union (count made by Selekoa; the text states no number).","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A listing of represented countries, not a record of ratification, legal obligation or implementation. The text notes that 'countries' include international organisations acting within their competences.","evidenceIds":["evidence-fl-intl-bletchley-participants-1"],"attributes":{"listing":{"count":29,"countBasis":"counted"}}},{"id":"ab-scr-hhs-2023-refuse-and-report","statement":"The 2023 Guidance recommends that, where follow-up screening does not resolve concerns about an order or there is reason to believe a customer may violate United States laws or regulations, providers should not fulfil the order and should contact designated entities within the United States Government, which it identifies as the Department of Commerce and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"States a recommendation of the Guidance. It is not evidence that any order was refused or reported, and no reporting channel or contact detail is recorded.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-scr-hhs-2023-refuse-and-report-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"us-hhs-screening-guidance-2023-refusal-and-reporting"}}},{"id":"ab-gov-eu-ai-act-no-article-cbrn","statement":"Within the inspected scope, a case-insensitive search of the Official Journal English text of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, as cached on 28 October 2026, finds no occurrence of 'CBRN', 'biosecurity', 'nucleic' or 'pathogen' and only two occurrences of 'biological', both outside the articles: recital 110 and point (d) of Annex XIII.","derivation":"inferred","resolution":"supported","inferenceRationale":"Premises: the inspected scope was the English Official Journal text of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (recitals, articles and annexes) as retrieved from the Publications Office repository on 2026-10-28, 90,004 words. Method: case-insensitive counts of the terms named in the statement ('biological' 2, 'chemical' 1, 'CBRN' 0, 'nucleic' 0, 'pathogen' 0, 'biosecurity' 0) and reading of the context of each occurrence of 'biological', which fall in recital 110 and in Annex XIII, point (d). The record means not found within that scope; it says nothing about the Code of Practice, Commission guidelines or amending acts, which are recorded separately.","editorialState":"seed","qualification":"A bounded string search of one expression, not an interpretation of the Regulation's scope: provisions on systemic risk that do not use these words may still cover such risk, and the Code of Practice's treatment of CBRN risk is recorded separately.","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-gov-eu-ai-act-no-article-cbrn-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"risk_domain","key":"eu-ai-act-articles-cbrn-risk-domain"}}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-rsp-3-1","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.1","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.1; effective date 2026-04-02.","versionDate":"2026-04-02","canonicalUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/files/4zrzovbb/website/bf04581e4f329735fd90634f6a1962c13c0bd351.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/files/4zrzovbb/website/bf04581e4f329735fd90634f6a1962c13c0bd351.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260407193305/https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/files/4zrzovbb/website/bf04581e4f329735fd90634f6a1962c13c0bd351.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-04-07","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.1.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice."}},{"id":"source-rsp-3-2","title":"Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.2","authors":["Anthropic"],"publisher":"Anthropic","publicationDate":null,"version":"Responsible Scaling Policy v3.2; effective date 2026-04-29.","versionDate":"2026-04-29","canonicalUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/28c6241900d90410628a8a2003a5572faae4365a.pdf","evidenceUrl":"https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/28c6241900d90410628a8a2003a5572faae4365a.pdf","language":"en","archivedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260505141510/https://cdn.sanity.io/files/4zrzovbb/website/28c6241900d90410628a8a2003a5572faae4365a.pdf","archivedAt":"2026-05-05","accessedAt":"2026-09-18","reuse":{"attribution":"Anthropic, Responsible Scaling Policy — v3.2.","licence":"No open redistribution licence asserted","note":"Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. 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No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Paragraph beginning “The institutions built around this technology”","passage":"The quotation is attributed to Neil Buddy Shah as Chair of the LTBT.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Neil Buddy Shah, Chair of the LTBT” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-2","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Fifth paragraph","passage":"On 29 May 2024 Anthropic identifies Shah as Chair of its Long-Term Benefit Trust and CEO of the Clinton Health Access Initiative.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Chair of Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-3","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Third paragraph","passage":"On 7 June 2025 Anthropic identifies Buddy Shah as Chair of the Long-Term Benefit Trust.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Buddy Shah, Chair of the Long-Term Benefit Trust” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-4","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Section “Governance”, list “LTBT Trustees”","passage":"The Trustee list on the page retrieved 2026-10-15 names Neil Buddy Shah, Richard Fontaine and Ben Bernanke.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “Neil Buddy Shah, Richard Fontaine, and Dr. Ben Bernanke” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read directly from the publisher. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-kolter-pbc-observer","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Section “Our Board”, paragraph beginning “To ensure the mission”","passage":"The page states that all current OpenAI Foundation directors will also serve on OpenAI Group’s board, other than Kolter, who will serve as a non-voting observer.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “non-voting observer” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-kolter-pbc-observer-second","sourceRole":"primary","support":"context","locator":"Section on the boards (page retrieved on 15 October 2026)","passage":"The page states that within one year of the recapitalization a second Foundation director will also become a non-voting observer to the Group board, without naming that director.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-15","note":"Candidate pack passage, lab genealogy (research/lab-genealogy). The paraphrase’s verbatim anchor “second Foundation director” matched the retrieved text on 2026-10-15 and again in a fresh retrieval the same day. Read through the third-party reader relay r.jina.ai, which renders the publisher’s current page (the publisher refused direct retrieval); not an archive copy. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, apostrophes, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The paraphrase is Selekoa’s; only the anchor is the source’s wording. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"reader_relay"},{"id":"evidence-ap-ajay-agrawal-agrawal-gans-goldfarb-2019-ambiguous-labor-market-impact","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF text layer, first two pages: author name on the title page or first page","passage":"Ajay Agrawal","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-dan-clemmensen-extropians-1996-09-04-clemmensen","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Message header, sender name (address not reproduced)","passage":"Dan Clemmensen","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-vincenzo-denicolo-calvano-et-al-2020-algorithmic-pricing-collusion","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Page head: author byline","passage":"Vincenzo Denicolò","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval and checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-27. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-anton-korinek-trammell-korinek-2026-growth-under-transformative-ai-nber-revision","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF text layer, first two pages: author name on the title page or first page","passage":"Anton Korinek","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-pascual-restrepo-acemoglu-restrepo-2018-ai-automation-and-work","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF text layer, first two pages: author name on the title page or first page","passage":"Pascual Restrepo","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ap-eliezer-yudkowsky-lw-2008-the-rhythm-of-disagreement","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Post author list in the publisher’s post data (LessWrong GraphQL API)","passage":"Eliezer Yudkowsky","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Credited name checked by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-27 in a direct retrieval through the publisher’s post data. Human editorial review is pending.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"ev-cmp-rsp-v3-1-d1-persuasion","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"RSP · v3.1: Whole text layer, PDF pp. 1–20 (all sections, appendices and changelog read).","passage":"Within the inspected scope, no passage meeting the comparison question “Persuasion or manipulation” was found.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-26","note":"Absence recorded by an automated research assistant on 2026-10-15 for the framework comparison, audited in a fresh context, checked by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-15 and re-checked on 2026-10-26. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-fsf-v2-0-d7-external-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 7 (printed p. 7), Governance and Accountability, 'Disclosure', first sentence (continues on PDF p. 8)","passage":"The edition says that if Google DeepMind assesses a model as having reached a CCL presenting a material, unmitigated risk to public safety overall, it aims to give information to appropriate government authorities where doing so will help the development of safe AI.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Explicit paraphrase by an automated research assistant, corrected on 2026-10-28 after a blind check of all 287 comparison paraphrases by a reviewer from a different model family on 2026-10-28 (research/frontier-framework-comparison/codex-paraphrases-2026-10-28.md), which found that it left out the condition that sharing will facilitate the development of safe AI. The correction was written from the passage as re-read in the publisher copy retrieved on 2026-10-28, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. Given as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. The section adds that disclosure to other external organisations may also be considered (PDF p. 8). Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-fsf-v3-0-d1-autonomy-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 5 (printed p. 5), §1.3 Outline of Our Risk Assessment Process, 'Identification' bullet, first sentence","passage":"The edition says Google DeepMind has determined, on early research, that severe risks from future models may be likeliest in four domains: CBRN, cyber, harmful manipulation and “machine learning R&D”.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"ev-cmp-preparedness-v2-d1-persuasion-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"PDF p. 9 (printed p. 8), §2.3, box 'Changes to Tracked Categories in version 2', 'Persuasion' paragraph, final sentence","passage":"The edition states that risks in the Persuasion category do not meet its criteria for inclusion in the Framework.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-27","note":"Explicit paraphrase, written on 2026-10-27 by an automated research assistant after re-reading the passage in the publisher copy, whose SHA-256 matches the copy retrieved on 2026-10-15. The comparison quoted the passage; it is given here as a paraphrase to keep the edition within the quotation limit. Human editorial review is pending."},{"id":"evidence-fl-intl-bletchley-participants-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Closing list, after the final paragraph","passage":"The countries represented were:","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-28","note":"Candidate pack passage, frameworks to law (research/frameworks-to-law). The quotation (4 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-27 and again at admission on 2026-10-28, in a fresh retrieval of the same address (the page’s bytes had changed). Read directly from www.gov.uk. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. Entries counted from the cached list: 29. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-28, item 3) answered the record’s question blind from fresh retrievals and agreed with the record. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-scr-hhs-2023-refuse-and-report-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"I. Introduction, 88 FR 71000","passage":"Providers should not fulfill the order and should contact designated entities within the U.S. government","passageType":"quote","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The quotation (15 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 and again at admission on 2026-10-30, in a fresh retrieval whose SHA-256 equals the pack’s. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The sentence names the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in parentheses as the designated entities. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-gov-eu-ai-act-no-article-cbrn-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"Whole cached text (OJ L 2024/1689)","passage":"'biological' occurs twice, in recital 110 and in Annex XIII, point (d); 'chemical' once, in recital 110; 'CBRN', 'biosecurity', 'nucleic' and 'pathogen' do not occur.","passageType":"paraphrase","verification":"machine_checked","checkedAt":"2026-10-30","note":"Candidate pack passage, AI and biosecurity (research/ai-bio). The paraphrase is Selekoa’s, written from the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28; it is not a quotation and was not machine-matched. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-30, item 82) re-read the record’s sources and found full support. No human editorial review.","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[0,1,19,46,47,48,50,51,54,82,100,101,102,105,124,212,214,292,351,354,381,440,454,491,514,517,541,547,550,562,564,587,599,601,647,706,714,751,822,845,850,866,871,890,912,1018,1216],"claims":[232,246,504,994,1025,1337,1384,1527,1612,1828,1850,1855,1873,1879,1929,2183,2210,2217,2276,2306,2437,2544,2609,2614,2650,2937,3296,3331],"sources":[40,41,42,45,46,49,100,101,212,226,227,231,293,344,407,421,457,493,499,503,515,517,548,550,563,565,571,605,668,732,734,848,1046],"evidence":[253,267,541,542,543,1220,1252,1668,1728,1906,2026,2027,2347,2348,2383,2384,2391,2392,2414,2424,2425,2426,2427,2492,2493,2828,2857,2864,2923,2953,3084,3196,3275,3280,3325,3796,4520,4578]},"version":"1lg47t7"}