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Section 1.6 states that external testers ran assessments without naming them there; Irregular is named as the developer of a cyber benchmark, not as a tester. What the card states, quoted from the expression read. 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At least one external organisation (other than a government body, which is Q14) named as having tested or evaluated the model, quoted. Partly if external testers are described but not named. The inspected scope of Gemini 3 Flash Model Card was: Whole card. Terms searched: “external”, “third party”, “third-party”, “partner”, “independent”, “vendor”, “evaluator”. Passages read and not counted: Ethics and Content Safety, 'Human Red Teaming Results', PDF p. 6 (printed p. 5): 'specialist teams who sit outside of the model development team' are Google teams (Q12), not external organisations. The conclusion is bounded by that scope and method.","qualification":"No external tester or evaluator was found. A recorded absence within the stated scope of the card read: not evidence that the developer did not do the thing asked about, or did not disclose it elsewhere.","evidenceIds":["mc-ev-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-3-flash-q13"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q13","facet":{"id":"MC.Q13"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-3-flash-q14","subject":"gemini-3-flash-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Government institute"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-12","basis":"publication","note":"Dated as the card read is dated: its printed date, as the source records it."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q14","facet":{"id":"MC.Q14"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-3-flash-q15","subject":"gemini-3-flash-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Release 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R&D"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-10","basis":"publication","note":"Dated as the card read is dated: its printed date, as the source records it."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q09","facet":{"id":"MC.Q09","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-4-argon-q10","subject":"gemini-4-argon-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Persuasion"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-10","basis":"publication","note":"Dated as the card read is dated: its printed date, as the source records it."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q10","facet":{"id":"MC.Q10","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-4-argon-q11","subject":"gemini-4-argon-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Alignment and 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Search for the rest of the criterion: Whole card. Terms searched: “external”, “third party”, “third-party”, “partner”, “independent”, “vendor”. Passages read and not counted: Safety & Security, 'Evaluation Approach', PDF p. 8 (printed p. 7): 'developed in partnership with internal safety, security, and responsibility teams': internal teams. Frontier safety table, Loss of Control row, PDF p. 13 (printed p. 12): 'internal and external deployments' refers to deployment settings, not testers. Stated, partly: the passage has what the question’s criterion asks for, in a weaker or narrower form than the criterion’s own words. What the card states, quoted from the expression read. A card is the developer’s own account: not evidence that an evaluation was run as described, that a safeguard works, or that a finding is independent.","evidenceIds":["mc-ev-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-4-argon-q13-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q13","facet":{"id":"MC.Q13","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-4-argon-q14","subject":"gemini-4-argon-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Government institute"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-10","basis":"publication","note":"Dated as the card read is dated: its printed date, as the source records it."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q14","facet":{"id":"MC.Q14"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-4-argon-q15","subject":"gemini-4-argon-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Release 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date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q01","facet":{"id":"MC.Q01"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q02","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Release date"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q02","facet":{"id":"MC.Q02","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q06","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Safeguards tied to determination"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q06","facet":{"id":"MC.Q06","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q07","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Chemical and biological"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q07","facet":{"id":"MC.Q07"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q08","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Cyber"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q08","facet":{"id":"MC.Q08"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q09","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Autonomy and AI R&D"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q09","facet":{"id":"MC.Q09"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q10","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Persuasion"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q10","facet":{"id":"MC.Q10"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q11","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Alignment and deception"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q11","facet":{"id":"MC.Q11"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q12","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Red-teaming"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q12","facet":{"id":"MC.Q12"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q13","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"External testers"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"inferenceRationale":"Premises: the model-card question asks for the following. At least one external organisation (other than a government body, which is Q14) named as having tested or evaluated the model, quoted. Partly if external testers are described but not named. The inspected scope of Llama 2 model card (MODEL_CARD.md, meta-llama/llama) was: whole card (Markdown file, all sections). Terms searched: “external”, “third-party”, “independent”, “partner”, “evaluator”. Passages read and not counted: Hardware and Software, 'Training Factors': States that evaluation was performed on third-party cloud compute; names no external tester. The conclusion is bounded by that scope and method.","qualification":"No external organisation is named as having tested or evaluated the model. The search is recorded below. A recorded absence within the stated scope of the card read: not evidence that the developer did not do the thing asked about, or did not disclose it elsewhere.","evidenceIds":["mc-ev-cell-meta-llama-2-q13"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q13","facet":{"id":"MC.Q13"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q14","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Government institute"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q14","facet":{"id":"MC.Q14"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q15","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Release decision"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q15","facet":{"id":"MC.Q15"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-2-q16","subject":"llama-2-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Stated limits"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q16","facet":{"id":"MC.Q16","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q01","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Card date"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q01","facet":{"id":"MC.Q01"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q02","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Release date"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q02","facet":{"id":"MC.Q02","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q06","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Safeguards tied to determination"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q06","facet":{"id":"MC.Q06","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q07","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Chemical and biological"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q07","facet":{"id":"MC.Q07","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q08","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Cyber"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q08","facet":{"id":"MC.Q08","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q09","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Autonomy and AI R&D"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q09","facet":{"id":"MC.Q09","status":"partly"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q10","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Persuasion"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q10","facet":{"id":"MC.Q10"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q11","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Alignment and deception"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q11","facet":{"id":"MC.Q11"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q12","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Red-teaming"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q12","facet":{"id":"MC.Q12","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-meta-llama-3-3-q13","subject":"llama-3-3-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"External testers"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The card prints no date of its own, so its cells carry no date."},"qualification":"The card describes partners who performed red-teaming and subject-matter experts it partnered with, without naming any organisation. Search for the rest of the criterion: Responsibility & Safety, all subsections. Terms searched: “external”, “third-party”, “independent”, “partner”, “vendor”. Passages read and not counted: Responsibility & Safety, 'Community': Membership of the AI Alliance, Partnership on AI and MLCommons is stated; none is named as having tested the model. Stated, partly: the passage has what the question’s criterion asks for, in a weaker or narrower form than the criterion’s own words. What the card states, quoted from the expression read. 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At least one external organisation (other than a government body, which is Q14) named as having tested or evaluated the model, quoted. Partly if external testers are described but not named. The inspected scope of Grok 4.1 Model Card was: Whole card, including references. Terms searched: “external”, “third party”, “third-parties”, “partner”, “independent”, “evaluator”, “RAND”. Passages read and not counted: §2.3.1 Evaluations and References, pp. 4-6: Published benchmarks and human baselines by other authors (including a RAND report) are cited as sources, not as testers of Grok 4.1. §3.1 Data and Training, p. 5: 'data produced by third-parties' concerns training data. The conclusion is bounded by that scope and method.","qualification":"No external organisation named as having tested or evaluated Grok 4.1 was found. A recorded absence within the stated scope of the card read: not evidence that the developer did not do the thing asked about, or did not disclose it elsewhere.","evidenceIds":["mc-ev-cell-xai-grok-4-1-q13"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q13","facet":{"id":"MC.Q13"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-xai-grok-4-1-q14","subject":"grok-4-1-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Government institute"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-17","basis":"publication","note":"Dated as the card read is dated: its printed date, as the source records it."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q14","facet":{"id":"MC.Q14"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-xai-grok-4-1-q15","subject":"grok-4-1-model-card","predicate":"provision_not_found","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Release decision"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-17","basis":"publication","note":"Dated as the card read is dated: its printed date, as the source records it."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q15","facet":{"id":"MC.Q15"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-xai-grok-4-1-q16","subject":"grok-4-1-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Stated limits"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-17","basis":"publication","note":"Dated as the card read is dated: its printed date, as the source records it."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"disclosure","key":"model-card-q16","facet":{"id":"MC.Q16","status":"stated"}}}},{"id":"mc-cell-xai-grok-4-7-q01","subject":"grok-4-7-model-card","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Card date"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-09-21","basis":"publication","note":"Dated as the card read is dated: its printed date, as the source records 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(k=1)","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-anthropic-claude-haiku-5-5-q13-1","claimId":"mc-cell-anthropic-claude-haiku-5-5-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-claude-haiku-5-5-card","locator":"Section 5.2.2.1 'Coding', PDF p. 51","passage":"Gray Swan trains the attacker on the test scenarios against earlier Claude models, then runs it unchanged against the latest models on the same scenarios.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-3-flash-q13","claimId":"mc-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-3-flash-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-gemini-3-flash-card","passageType":"paraphrase"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-4-argon-q13-1","claimId":"mc-cell-google-deepmind-gemini-4-argon-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-gemini-4-argon-card","locator":"Safety & Security, 'Frontier Safety Assessment', PDF p. 11 (printed p. 10)","passage":"drawing on internal and external 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jailbreaks.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-meta-muse-spark-1-3-q13-2","claimId":"mc-cell-meta-muse-spark-1-3-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-muse-spark-1-3-report","locator":"Section 3.2.2.3 Third-Party Red Teaming on Prompt Injection, PDF p. 67 (printed p. 66)","passage":"In this evaluation, Gray Swan chose the 2026 Q1 and Q2 (April) offerings of the IPI 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society, evaluated an earlier checkpoint of o1.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-openai-o1-q13-3","claimId":"mc-cell-openai-o1-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-o1-card-pdf","locator":"§4.4.2 Jailbreak Arena, PDF p. 12","passage":"OpenAI collaborated with Gray Swan to make the o1 model available for jailbreaking in the Gray Swan Arena.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-openai-gpt-5-2-codex-q13-1","claimId":"mc-cell-openai-gpt-5-2-codex-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-gpt-5-2-codex-addendum","locator":"§5.1.2.4 External Evaluations by Irregular, PDF p. 16 (printed p. 15)","passage":"Irregular, an AI security organization focused on frontier cybersecurity risks, evaluated GPT-5.2-Codex on a subset of a suite of cyberoffensive challenges","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-openai-gpt-6-luna-october-29-q13","claimId":"mc-cell-openai-gpt-6-luna-october-29-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-gpt-6-luna-october-29-addendum","passageType":"paraphrase"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-xai-grok-4-1-q13","claimId":"mc-cell-xai-grok-4-1-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-grok-4-1-card","passageType":"paraphrase"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-xai-grok-4-7-q13-1","claimId":"mc-cell-xai-grok-4-7-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-grok-4-7-card","locator":"§2.2 DeepSWE v1.1, note, PDF p. 8 (printed p. 7)","passage":"Results reported are taken from evaluations conducted by Datacurve.","passageType":"quote"},{"id":"mc-ev-cell-xai-grok-4-7-q13-2","claimId":"mc-cell-xai-grok-4-7-q13","sourceId":"mc-src-grok-4-7-card","locator":"§6.4 CathedralBench, PDF p. 19 (printed p. 18)","passage":"CathedralBench is an independent, third party evaluation of cyber 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