{"entities":[{"id":"openai","name":"OpenAI","type":"organisation"},{"id":"anthropic","name":"Anthropic","type":"organisation"},{"id":"google-deepmind","name":"Google DeepMind","type":"organisation"},{"id":"xai","name":"xAI","type":"organisation"},{"id":"deepmind","type":"organisation"},{"id":"google-brain","type":"organisation"},{"id":"sam-altman","type":"person"},{"id":"elon-musk","type":"person"},{"id":"ilya-sutskever","type":"person"},{"id":"dario-amodei","type":"person"},{"id":"daniela-amodei","type":"person"},{"id":"chris-olah","type":"person"},{"id":"jack-clark","type":"person"},{"id":"tom-brown","type":"person"},{"id":"igor-babuschkin","type":"person"},{"id":"google","type":"organisation"},{"id":"greg-brockman","type":"person"},{"id":"john-schulman","type":"person"},{"id":"wojciech-zaremba","type":"person"},{"id":"durk-kingma","type":"person"},{"id":"andrej-karpathy","type":"person"},{"id":"jared-kaplan","type":"person"},{"id":"sam-mccandlish","type":"person"},{"id":"jan-leike","type":"person"},{"id":"daniel-levy","type":"person"},{"id":"jakub-pachocki","type":"person"},{"id":"scaling-laws","type":"document"},{"id":"human-preferences-paper","type":"document"},{"id":"paul-christiano","type":"person"},{"id":"beth-barnes","type":"person"},{"id":"openai-lp-announcement","type":"document"},{"id":"openai-pbc-plan","type":"document"},{"id":"openai-recapitalization","type":"document"},{"id":"mira-murati","type":"person"},{"id":"john-jumper","type":"person"},{"id":"x-company","type":"organisation"},{"id":"spacex","type":"organisation"},{"id":"openai-inc","type":"organisation"},{"id":"openai-lp","type":"organisation"},{"id":"openai-gp-llc","type":"organisation"},{"id":"openai-opco-llc","type":"organisation"},{"id":"openai-global-llc","type":"organisation"},{"id":"openai-group-pbc","type":"organisation"},{"id":"delaware-attorney-general","type":"public_body"},{"id":"anthropic-ltbt","type":"organisation"},{"id":"anthropic-ltbc","type":"organisation"},{"id":"bret-taylor","type":"person"},{"id":"larry-summers","type":"person"},{"id":"adam-dangelo","type":"person"},{"id":"jay-kreps","type":"person"},{"id":"reed-hastings","type":"person"},{"id":"vas-narasimhan","type":"person"},{"id":"openai-structure-evolve-2024","type":"document"},{"id":"openai-group-pbc-certificate-2025","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"openai-group-pbc-certificate-of-incorporation","label":"Certificate (filed 2025-10-28)","publisherId":"openai-group-pbc","publishedAt":"2025-10-28","dateNote":"Filing date and time from the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (Delivered 08:06 AM, FILED 08:07 AM 10/28/2025; file number 10381551). No separate effective date is recorded."}},{"id":"delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"delaware-ag-openai-recapitalization","label":"Letter (28 October 2025)","publisherId":"delaware-attorney-general","publishedAt":"2025-10-28","dateNote":"Date of the letter. The PDF was posted on the Delaware government news site; the earliest Internet Archive capture is of 2025-10-28."}},{"id":"anthropic-coi-2021-01-26","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-certificate-of-incorporation","label":"Certificate (filed 2021-01-26)","publisherId":"anthropic","publishedAt":"2021-01-26","dateNote":"Filing date and time from the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (FILED 01:04 PM 01/26/2021, SR 20210225968, file number 4860621). No separate effective date is recorded."}},{"id":"anthropic-coi-2021-05-24","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-certificate-of-incorporation","label":"Restated certificate (filed 2021-05-24)","publisherId":"anthropic","publishedAt":"2021-05-24","dateNote":"Filing date and time from the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (FILED 09:49 AM 05/24/2021, SR 20212002474, file number 4860621). No separate effective date is recorded."}},{"id":"anthropic-coi-2023-03-31","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-certificate-of-incorporation","label":"Restated certificate (filed 2023-03-31)","publisherId":"anthropic","publishedAt":"2023-03-31","dateNote":"Filing date and time from the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (FILED 08:04 AM 03/31/2023, SR 20231236293, file number 4860621). No separate effective date is recorded."}},{"id":"anthropic-coi-2023-09-21","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-certificate-of-incorporation","label":"Restated certificate (filed 2023-09-21)","publisherId":"anthropic","publishedAt":"2023-09-21","dateNote":"Filing date and time from the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (FILED 05:26 PM 09/21/2023, SR 20233553229, file number 4860621). No separate effective date is recorded."}},{"id":"anthropic-coi-2024-01-29","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-certificate-of-incorporation","label":"Restated certificate (filed 2024-01-29)","publisherId":"anthropic","publishedAt":"2024-01-29","dateNote":"Filing date and time from the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (FILED 05:03 PM 01/29/2024, SR 20240278758, file number 4860621). No separate effective date is recorded."}},{"id":"anthropic-coi-2025-07-03","type":"document","documentVersion":{"family":"anthropic-certificate-of-incorporation","label":"Restated certificate (filed 2025-07-03)","publisherId":"anthropic","publishedAt":"2025-07-03","dateNote":"Filing date and time from the Division of Corporations stamp on page 1 (FILED 12:54 PM 07/03/2025, SR 20253269483, file number 4860621). No separate effective date is recorded."}},{"id":"anthropic-ltbt-announcement-2023","type":"document"},{"id":"adebayo-ogunlesi","type":"person"},{"id":"adept","type":"organisation"},{"id":"aleksander-madry","type":"person"},{"id":"ami-vora","type":"person"},{"id":"anna-makanju","type":"person"},{"id":"arvind-kc","type":"person"},{"id":"barret-zoph","type":"person"},{"id":"ben-bernanke","type":"person"},{"id":"ben-mann","type":"person"},{"id":"bob-mcgrew","type":"person"},{"id":"brad-lightcap","type":"person"},{"id":"brian-israel","type":"person"},{"id":"chris-liddell","type":"person"},{"id":"dali-rajic","type":"person"},{"id":"daniel-kokotajlo","type":"person"},{"id":"david-luan","type":"person"},{"id":"david-velez","type":"person"},{"id":"denise-dresser","type":"person"},{"id":"dylan-scandinaro","type":"person"},{"id":"emmett-shear","type":"person"},{"id":"fidji-simo","type":"person"},{"id":"hannah-pritchett","type":"person"},{"id":"helen-toner","type":"person"},{"id":"holden-karnofsky","type":"person"},{"id":"jason-matheny","type":"person"},{"id":"joaquin-quinonero-candela","type":"person"},{"id":"johannes-heidecke","type":"person"},{"id":"jony-ive","type":"person"},{"id":"joshua-achiam","type":"person"},{"id":"julia-villagra","type":"person"},{"id":"kanika-bahl","type":"person"},{"id":"kevin-weil","type":"person"},{"id":"krishna-rao","type":"person"},{"id":"kyle-kosic","type":"person"},{"id":"liam-fedus","type":"person"},{"id":"lilian-weng","type":"person"},{"id":"lukasz-kaiser","type":"person"},{"id":"luke-metz","type":"person"},{"id":"luke-muehlhauser","type":"person"},{"id":"mariano-florentino-cuellar","type":"person"},{"id":"mark-chen","type":"person"},{"id":"mia-glaese","type":"person"},{"id":"mike-krieger","type":"person"},{"id":"miles-brundage","type":"person"},{"id":"mrinank-sharma","type":"person"},{"id":"neil-buddy-shah","type":"person"},{"id":"nicole-seligman","type":"person"},{"id":"noam-shazeer","type":"person"},{"id":"paul-nakasone","type":"person"},{"id":"paul-smith-anthropic","type":"person"},{"id":"pieter-abbeel","type":"person"},{"id":"rahul-patil","type":"person"},{"id":"reid-hoffman","type":"person"},{"id":"richard-fontaine","type":"person"},{"id":"robin-vince","type":"person"},{"id":"rosie-campbell","type":"person"},{"id":"saachi-jain","type":"person"},{"id":"sarah-friar","type":"person"},{"id":"sarah-heck","type":"person"},{"id":"sasha-de-marigny","type":"person"},{"id":"shivon-zilis","type":"person"},{"id":"spacexai","type":"organisation"},{"id":"sue-desmond-hellmann","type":"person"},{"id":"tasha-mccauley","type":"person"},{"id":"vijaye-raji","type":"person"},{"id":"will-hurd","type":"person"},{"id":"yao-shunyu","type":"person"},{"id":"yasmin-razavi","type":"person"},{"id":"zach-robinson","type":"person"},{"id":"zico-kolter","type":"person"},{"id":"kp-evaluating-large-language-models-trained-2021","type":"document"},{"id":"alexander-kolesnikov","type":"person"},{"id":"andrea-vallone","type":"person"},{"id":"dean-ball","type":"person"},{"id":"jerry-tworek","type":"person"},{"id":"jordan-burgess","type":"person"},{"id":"linden-li","type":"person"},{"id":"logan-kilpatrick","type":"person"},{"id":"lucas-beyer","type":"person"},{"id":"max-schwarzer","type":"person"},{"id":"mike-liberatore","type":"person"},{"id":"neil-houlsby","type":"person"},{"id":"nicholas-carlini","type":"person"},{"id":"peter-hayes","type":"person"},{"id":"peter-steinberger","type":"person"},{"id":"raza-habib","type":"person"},{"id":"rhythm-garg","type":"person"},{"id":"sachin-katti","type":"person"},{"id":"sam-schoenholz","type":"person"},{"id":"sebastien-bubeck","type":"person"},{"id":"uday-ruddarraju","type":"person"},{"id":"xiaohua-zhai","type":"person"},{"id":"yash-patil","type":"person"}],"claims":[{"id":"altman-openai-2015","subject":"sam-altman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"OpenAI’s launch announcement names Sam Altman as a co-chair.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2015-12-11","note":"The date identifies this documented announcement or publication; it does not establish a continuing state."},"attributes":{"role":"Co-chair"}},{"id":"musk-openai-2015","subject":"elon-musk","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"OpenAI’s launch announcement names Elon Musk as a co-chair.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2015-12-11","note":"The date identifies this documented announcement or publication; it does not establish a continuing state."},"attributes":{"role":"Co-chair"}},{"id":"sutskever-openai-2015","subject":"ilya-sutskever","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2015-12-11","note":"The date identifies this documented announcement or publication; it does not establish a continuing state."},"attributes":{"role":"Research director"}},{"id":"dario-anthropic-2021","subject":"dario-amodei","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2021-05-28","note":"The date identifies this documented announcement or publication; it does not establish a continuing state."},"attributes":{"role":"CEO"}},{"id":"daniela-anthropic-2021","subject":"daniela-amodei","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2021-05-28","note":"The date identifies this documented announcement or publication; it does not establish a continuing state."},"attributes":{"role":"President"}},{"id":"deepmind-combined-2023","subject":"deepmind","predicate":"combined_into","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"google-deepmind"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"DeepMind was announced as joining the Brain team in a combined unit called Google DeepMind.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-04-20","note":"The date identifies this documented announcement or publication; it does not establish a continuing state."}},{"id":"brain-combined-2023","subject":"google-brain","predicate":"combined_into","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"google-deepmind"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"The Brain team from Google Research was announced as joining DeepMind in Google DeepMind.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-04-20","note":"The date identifies this documented announcement or publication; it does not establish a continuing state."}},{"id":"dario-openai-vp-2020","subject":"dario-amodei","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2020-12-29","note":"Snapshot at the dated source announcement; no employment interval or current appointment is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"VP of Research"}},{"id":"dario-openai-departure-announced-2020","subject":"dario-amodei","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2020-12-29","note":"Public announcement date. The body mentions an employee announcement earlier that month; the exact final working day is not given."},"attributes":{"role":"VP of Research"}},{"id":"daniela-openai-safety-prior","subject":"daniela-amodei","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The source establishes a prior role but does not supply employment dates. No start or end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"VP of Safety"}},{"id":"olah-openai-interpretability-prior","subject":"chris-olah","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The source establishes a prior role but does not supply employment dates. No start or end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Interpretability research lead"}},{"id":"clark-openai-policy-prior","subject":"jack-clark","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The source establishes a prior role but does not supply employment dates. No start or end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Policy Director"}},{"id":"brown-openai-gpt3-prior","subject":"tom-brown","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The source establishes a prior role but does not supply employment dates. No start or end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"GPT-3 Engineering Lead"}},{"id":"musk-openai-board-departure-2018","subject":"elon-musk","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"OpenAI announced Elon Musk’s departure from its board in February 2018.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2018-02-20","note":"Date of the public board-departure announcement; no general employment-end date is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"babuschkin-openai-prior","subject":"igor-babuschkin","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The source establishes a prior role but does not supply employment dates. No start or end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Researcher (specific rank unstated)"}},{"id":"google-acquired-deepmind-2014","subject":"google","predicate":"acquired","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"deepmind"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"Google acquired DeepMind in early 2014.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2014","note":"Source says early 2014; month and completion day remain unspecified."}},{"id":"brockman-openai-cto-2015","subject":"greg-brockman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2015-12-11","note":"Role snapshot at the dated source; no start, end or continuing appointment inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"CTO"}},{"id":"schulman-openai-posttraining-2022-2024","subject":"john-schulman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2022","until":"2024","note":"Retrospective career account supplies these boundaries at the stored precision; no exact joining or departure day inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Post-training co-lead"}},{"id":"schulman-anthropic-alignment-prior","subject":"john-schulman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"Source does not establish defensible role boundaries; retrieval date is not an employment date."},"attributes":{"role":"Alignment Science researcher"}},{"id":"kingma-openai-research-2015-2018","subject":"durk-kingma","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2015","until":"2018","note":"Retrospective career account supplies these boundaries at the stored precision; no exact joining or departure day inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Research Scientist"}},{"id":"kingma-anthropic-research-from-2024","subject":"durk-kingma","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2024","note":"The page says 2024–Current; retain the stated start year and no end boundary. An omitted end is unknown, not a live employment assertion."},"attributes":{"role":"Machine-learning researcher"}},{"id":"karpathy-openai-research-2015-2017","subject":"andrej-karpathy","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2015","until":"2017","note":"Retrospective career account supplies these boundaries at the stored precision; no exact joining or departure day inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Research Scientist / founding member"}},{"id":"karpathy-openai-return-2023-2024","subject":"andrej-karpathy","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2023","until":"2024","note":"Retrospective career account supplies these boundaries at the stored precision; no exact joining or departure day inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Midtraining / synthetic-data team builder"}},{"id":"jared-kaplan-openai-affiliation-2020","subject":"jared-kaplan","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2020-01-23","note":"Snapshot of the affiliation printed in arXiv v1 dated 2020-01-23; not an employment start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Research author affiliation"}},{"id":"sam-mccandlish-openai-affiliation-2020","subject":"sam-mccandlish","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2020-01-23","note":"Snapshot of the affiliation printed in arXiv v1 dated 2020-01-23; not an employment start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Research author affiliation"}},{"id":"kaplan-anthropic-cso-2024","subject":"jared-kaplan","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-10-15","note":"Role snapshot at the dated source; no start, end or continuing appointment inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Science Officer"}},{"id":"kaplan-anthropic-rso-2024","subject":"jared-kaplan","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-10-15","note":"Snapshot of announced responsibility, not a documented effective appointment day."},"attributes":{"role":"Responsible Scaling Officer"}},{"id":"mccandlish-anthropic-cto-2024","subject":"sam-mccandlish","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-10-15","note":"Role snapshot at the dated source; no start, end or continuing appointment inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Technology Officer"}},{"id":"mccandlish-anthropic-rso-prior","subject":"sam-mccandlish","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The phrase over the last year is retrospective and approximate; no exact interval is manufactured."},"attributes":{"role":"Responsible Scaling Officer"}},{"id":"mccandlish-anthropic-architect-2025","subject":"sam-mccandlish","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-10-07","note":"Role snapshot at the dated source; no start, end or continuing appointment inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Architect"}},{"id":"jan-leike-openai-superalignment-2023","subject":"jan-leike","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-07-05","note":"Role assignment at the dated team announcement; not a full tenure interval."},"attributes":{"role":"Superalignment co-lead"}},{"id":"ilya-sutskever-openai-superalignment-2023","subject":"ilya-sutskever","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-07-05","note":"Role assignment at the dated team announcement; not a full tenure interval."},"attributes":{"role":"Superalignment co-lead"}},{"id":"leike-anthropic-alignment-science","subject":"jan-leike","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"Source does not establish defensible role boundaries; retrieval date is not an employment date."},"attributes":{"role":"Alignment Science lead"}},{"id":"sutskever-openai-departure-announced-2024","subject":"ilya-sutskever","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-05-14","basis":"announcement","note":"Announcement date only; the passage does not establish a final working day."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Scientist"}},{"id":"pachocki-openai-chief-scientist-2024","subject":"jakub-pachocki","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-05-14","note":"Snapshot of the announced appointment; no exact effective date inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Scientist"}},{"id":"pachocki-openai-director-prior","subject":"jakub-pachocki","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"Previous role stated by a dated source; the director tenure is not dated."},"attributes":{"role":"Director of Research"}},{"id":"levy-openai-optimization-prior","subject":"daniel-levy","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"Undated page retains present-tense OpenAI wording; no current appointment is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Optimization team lead"}},{"id":"eval-i-barnes-openai","subject":"beth-barnes","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"interval","until":"2022","note":"The interview specifies summer 2022; the schema retains year precision rather than inventing a day. Start unknown."},"attributes":{"role":"Staff member; evaluation and safety work discussed in interview"}},{"id":"atlas-openai-lp","subject":"openai","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-lp-announcement"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI published its announcement creating a capped-profit partnership, OpenAI LP.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2019-03-11","note":"Date on the inspected publication; not the source-access date or proof of implementation."}},{"id":"atlas-openai-pbc-plan","subject":"openai","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-pbc-plan"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI published a plan to convert its for-profit LLC into a public benefit corporation under nonprofit control.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-05-05","note":"Date on the inspected publication; not the source-access date or proof of implementation."}},{"id":"atlas-openai-recapitalization","subject":"openai","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-recapitalization"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI published its account of a completed recapitalization, with OpenAI Foundation controlling OpenAI Group PBC.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-28","note":"Date on the inspected publication; not the source-access date or proof of implementation."}},{"id":"atlas-altman-departure","subject":"sam-altman","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s board announced Sam Altman’s removal as CEO.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-11-17","note":"Date on the inspected publication; not the source-access date or proof of implementation."},"attributes":{"role":"CEO"}},{"id":"atlas-altman-return","subject":"sam-altman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Sam Altman announced his return as OpenAI CEO.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-11-29","note":"Source-dated snapshot; no start, end or continuing role is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"CEO"}},{"id":"atlas-murati-interim","subject":"mira-murati","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-11-17","note":"Source-dated snapshot; no start, end or continuing role is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Interim CEO"}},{"id":"xm-x-acquisition","subject":"xai","predicate":"acquired","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"x-company"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"Reuters reported Musk’s announcement that xAI had acquired X.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-03-28","basis":"announcement","note":"Announcement date, not an independently verified transaction completion date."}},{"id":"xm-spacex-acquisition","subject":"spacex","predicate":"acquired","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"xai"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"xAI announced that SpaceX had acquired xAI.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-02-02","basis":"announcement","note":"Announcement date, not an independently verified transaction completion date."}},{"id":"cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024","subject":"openai-inc","predicate":"has_legal_form","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Corporation exempt under IRC section 501(c)(3); formed 2015; legal domicile Delaware"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI, Inc. reports on its Form 990 for tax year 2024 that it is a corporation exempt under section 501(c)(3), formed in 2015, with Delaware as its state of legal domicile. The return is filed under the name “OpenAI Foundation fka OpenAI Inc”, and its Schedule O states that OpenAI Inc. changed its name to OpenAI Foundation as of 28 October 2025.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024","note":"Header items are reported for tax year 2024 (1 January to 31 December 2024). The return was submitted on 2025-11-17 according to the render, so the filer name, the checked name-change box and the Schedule O explanation reflect the return as submitted. Formation is given to the year only."}},{"id":"cs-openai-lp-announced-2019","subject":"openai","predicate":"formed_entity","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-lp"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 11 March 2019 that it was creating OpenAI LP as a hybrid of a for-profit and a nonprofit, which it called a “capped-profit” company. Investors and employees could receive a capped return, with the first round of investors capped at 100 times their investment, and returns beyond the cap would go to OpenAI Nonprofit.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2019-03-11","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement (day precision), shown on the post and on the Internet Archive capture of 2019-03-11. The partnership’s own formation date is not stated in the post and is not recorded."},"attributes":{"control":{"instrument":"OpenAI LP announcement (11 March 2019)","stage":"announced"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-lp-board-control-2019","subject":"openai-inc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-lp"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s March 2019 announcement stated that OpenAI LP is controlled by the board of OpenAI Nonprofit, whose legal name it gave as OpenAI Inc. It also stated that only a minority of board members may hold financial stakes in the partnership at one time, and that only members without such stakes may vote on decisions where the interests of limited partners and the nonprofit’s mission may conflict, including payouts to investors and employees.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2019-03-11","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement (day precision)."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"controls","instrument":"Control by OpenAI Nonprofit’s board, as described in OpenAI’s March 2019 announcement","stage":"announced"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-990-2019-inc-controls-gp-llc","subject":"openai-inc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-gp-llc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI, Inc.’s Form 990 for tax year 2019 lists OpenAI GP LLC as a disregarded entity whose direct controlling entity is OpenAI Inc.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019","note":"Reported for tax year 2019; the return was submitted on 2020-11-16 according to the render. No start or end of the relationship is stated."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"controls","instrument":"Form 990, tax year 2019, Schedule R Part I: direct controlling entity of a disregarded entity","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-990-2019-gp-llc-controls-lp","subject":"openai-gp-llc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-lp"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI, Inc.’s Form 990 for tax year 2019 lists OpenAI LP (EIN 83-1960637) as a related organisation taxable as a partnership whose direct controlling entity is OpenAI GP LLC, and answers “Yes” to whether the filing organisation is a general or managing partner of it.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019","note":"Reported for tax year 2019; the return was submitted on 2020-11-16 according to the render."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"controls","instrument":"Form 990, tax year 2019, Schedule R Part III: direct controlling entity of a related partnership","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-lp-to-opco-2023","subject":"openai-lp","predicate":"converted_into","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-opco-llc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI, L.P. became OpenAI OpCo, L.L.C. in 2023. In a court disclosure filed on 29 June 2023, OpenAI OpCo stated that OpenAI, L.P. had recently changed its name to OpenAI OpCo, L.L.C.; the UK Competition and Markets Authority states that OpenAI, originally a limited partnership, was re-established in 2023 as OpenAI OpCo, LLC.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023","basis":"effective","note":"Year as stated by the CMA. The court disclosure, filed on 2023-06-29, says “recently”, so the change took place on or before that date. No month or day is recorded."},"attributes":{"control":{"instrument":"Change of name and of legal form from limited partnership to limited liability company (mechanism not documented)","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco","subject":"openai-gp-llc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-opco-llc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The UK Competition and Markets Authority states that under the 2023 LLC Agreement the strategic direction, management and day-to-day operation of OpenAI OpCo LLC are controlled by OpenAI GP LLC as its Manager, which is in turn wholly owned and controlled by OpenAI Nonprofit, and that members’ voting rights are restricted to matters related to typical financial investor protections.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-03-05","note":"The arrangement as the CMA describes it in its decision given on 5 March 2025 (full text published 15 April 2025). The LLC Agreement’s date within 2023 and the arrangement’s later continuity are not recorded."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"controls","instrument":"2023 LLC Agreement: OpenAI GP LLC as Manager (as described by the UK CMA)","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-990-2024-gp-llc-controls-global","subject":"openai-gp-llc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-global-llc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Form 990 for tax year 2024 filed as “OpenAI Foundation fka OpenAI Inc” lists OpenAI Global LLC (with a disregarded single-member LLC) as a related organisation taxable as a partnership whose direct controlling entity is OpenAI GP LLC, and lists OpenAI GP LLC as a disregarded entity whose direct controlling entity is OpenAI Foundation.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024","note":"Reported for tax year 2024; the return was submitted on 2025-11-17. The schedule gives the controlling entity’s name as “OpenAI Foundation”, the name the filer says it adopted on 28 October 2025, after the tax year."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"controls","instrument":"Form 990, tax year 2024, Schedule R Part III: direct controlling entity of a related partnership","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-altman-board-departure-2023","subject":"sam-altman","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The board of directors of OpenAI, Inc. announced on 17 November 2023 that Sam Altman would depart as CEO and leave the board of directors.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-11-17","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement (day precision), also matched in the Internet Archive capture of 2023-11-17. No separate effective time is stated."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors"}},{"id":"cs-brockman-chair-departure-2023","subject":"greg-brockman","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The same announcement of 17 November 2023 stated that Greg Brockman would step down as chairman of the board and remain in his role at the company, reporting to the CEO.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-11-17","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement (day precision)."},"attributes":{"role":"Chairman of the board"}},{"id":"cs-taylor-chair-initial-board-2023","subject":"bret-taylor","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 29 November 2023 that its new initial board would consist of Bret Taylor as chair, Larry Summers and Adam D’Angelo.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-11-29","note":"Date of the announcement. The board’s start date is not stated; no end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Chair of the board of directors (new initial board)"}},{"id":"cs-summers-initial-board-2023","subject":"larry-summers","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 29 November 2023 that Larry Summers would be a member of its new initial board, chaired by Bret Taylor.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-11-29","note":"Date of the announcement. No start or end date is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors (new initial board)"}},{"id":"cs-dangelo-initial-board-2023","subject":"adam-dangelo","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 29 November 2023 that Adam D’Angelo would be a member of its new initial board, chaired by Bret Taylor.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-11-29","note":"Date of the announcement. No start or end date is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors (new initial board)"}},{"id":"cs-sutskever-board-departure-2023","subject":"ilya-sutskever","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s announcement of 29 November 2023 stated that Ilya Sutskever would no longer serve on the board.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-11-29","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement (day precision)."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors"}},{"id":"cs-altman-board-return-2024","subject":"sam-altman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 8 March 2024 that Sam Altman, as CEO, would rejoin the OpenAI board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-03-08","note":"Date of the announcement. The effective date of the return is not stated."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors (as CEO)"}},{"id":"cs-openai-structure-plan-2024","subject":"openai","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-structure-evolve-2024"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI published “Why OpenAI’s structure must evolve to advance our mission” on 27 December 2024. It said its board was evaluating the corporate structure and described a plan to transform its existing for-profit into a Delaware public benefit corporation that would run and control OpenAI’s operations and business, while the nonprofit would hire a leadership team and staff to pursue charitable initiatives.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-12-27","basis":"publication","note":"Publication date on the post (day precision), also matched in the Internet Archive capture of 2024-12-27."}},{"id":"cs-openai-nonprofit-retains-control-2025","subject":"openai-inc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 5 May 2025 that its board had decided that the nonprofit would retain control of OpenAI, and that its for-profit LLC would transition to a public benefit corporation that the nonprofit would control and in which it would be a large shareholder.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-05-05","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement (day precision), also matched in the Internet Archive capture of 2025-05-05."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"controls","instrument":"Board decision announced on 5 May 2025: the for-profit LLC to become a public benefit corporation controlled by the nonprofit","stage":"announced"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-group-pbc-legal-form-2025","subject":"openai-group-pbc","predicate":"has_legal_form","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Delaware public benefit corporation"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI Group PBC was incorporated as a Delaware public benefit corporation. Its certificate of incorporation carries the Delaware Division of Corporations filing stamp of 28 October 2025, 08:07 AM (file number 10381551).","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-10-28","note":"Filing date and time from the stamp on page 1 of the certificate."}},{"id":"prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-safety-mission","subject":"openai-group-pbc-certificate-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Board considers only the Mission on safety and security issues"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-28","basis":"publication","note":"The certificate’s filing date, recorded as its publication date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"safety-security-mission-primacy"}}},{"id":"prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-elections","subject":"openai-group-pbc-certificate-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Class N stock’s director-election rights while held by OpenAI Foundation"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-28","basis":"publication","note":"The certificate’s filing date, recorded as its publication date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"class-n-director-elections","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Holder of the Class N Common Stock (OpenAI Foundation)"}]}}},{"id":"prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-pre-approval","subject":"openai-group-pbc-certificate-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Class N holder’s prior written approval for five kinds of action"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-28","basis":"publication","note":"The certificate’s filing date, recorded as its publication date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"class-n-pre-approval","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Holder of the Class N Common Stock"}]}}},{"id":"prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-director-removal","subject":"openai-group-pbc-certificate-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Removal of directors by the Class N holder or by two-thirds of other stockholders"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-28","basis":"publication","note":"The certificate’s filing date, recorded as its publication date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"director-removal","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Holder of the Class N Common Stock"},{"role":"decides","actor":"Holders of two-thirds of the voting power excluding Class N (at most one-third of the board in twelve months)"}]}}},{"id":"cs-openai-foundation-elects-pbc-directors","subject":"openai-inc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-group-pbc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI states that the OpenAI Foundation, through special voting and governance rights held solely by it, appoints all members of OpenAI Group’s board and can replace directors at any time. The rights are those of the Class N Common Stock in the certificate of incorporation filed on 28 October 2025, which makes them depend on that stock being held, directly or indirectly, by OpenAI Foundation.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-10-28","note":"The certificate’s filing date; OpenAI’s page describes the structure announced on 28 October 2025 (quote matched in the capture of 2025-10-29)."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"elects_directors","instrument":"Class N Common Stock (certificate of incorporation, Section IV.2(b)(i))","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-foundation-removes-pbc-directors","subject":"openai-inc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-group-pbc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Under Section V.3 of OpenAI Group PBC’s certificate of incorporation filed on 28 October 2025, the holder of the Class N Common Stock may remove directors with or without cause while any Class N shares are outstanding; OpenAI states that the OpenAI Foundation holds these rights and can replace directors at any time.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-10-28","note":"The certificate’s filing date."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"removes_directors","instrument":"Class N Common Stock (certificate of incorporation, Section V.3)","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-openai-foundation-pre-approval-pbc","subject":"openai-inc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-group-pbc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Under Section IV.2(c) of OpenAI Group PBC’s certificate of incorporation filed on 28 October 2025, the holder of the Class N Common Stock, while it is OpenAI Foundation, must give prior written approval before the corporation amends its public-benefit article, enters into a deemed liquidation event or material asset sale, issues more Class N stock or other director-voting stock, or modifies the certificate or bylaws to the Class N holder’s disadvantage.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-10-28","note":"The certificate’s filing date."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"veto","instrument":"Special Class N pre-approval rights (certificate of incorporation, Section IV.2(c))","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","subject":"delaware-attorney-general","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Delaware Department of Justice issued a letter to OpenAI, Inc. dated 28 October 2025 setting out the conditions under which the Attorney General would not object to OpenAI, Inc.’s recapitalization, which it describes as restructuring a for-profit limited liability company into a newly formed public benefit corporation, with the nonprofit retaining control of it in accordance with OpenAI’s representations.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-28","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the letter (day precision)."}},{"id":"prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority","subject":"delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Safety and Security Committee authority to require mitigations, up to halting release"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-28","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the letter."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"ssc-release-authority","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Safety and Security Committee of the nonprofit board"}]}}},{"id":"prov-delaware-ag-nfp-control","subject":"delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Nonprofit control of the PBC while it holds Class N stock"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-28","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the letter."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"decision_authority","key":"nfp-control-of-pbc","parties":[{"role":"decides","actor":"Board of directors of the nonprofit (NFP Board)"}]}}},{"id":"cs-christiano-openai-foundation-board-2026","subject":"paul-christiano","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 9 September 2026 the appointment of Paul Christiano to the OpenAI Foundation board. It said he would be a non-voting observer on the OpenAI Group PBC board and would join the Foundation board’s Safety and Security Committee.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-09-09","note":"Date of the announcement. No separate start date is stated."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors (OpenAI Foundation) and of its Safety and Security Committee"}},{"id":"cs-anthropic-legal-form-2021","subject":"anthropic","predicate":"has_legal_form","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Delaware public benefit corporation; stated public benefit: responsibly developing and maintaining advanced AI for the cultural, social and technological improvement of humanity"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic, PBC was incorporated as a Delaware public benefit corporation by a certificate of incorporation filed on 26 January 2021, which stated its specific public benefit as responsibly developing and maintaining advanced AI for the cultural, social and technological improvement of humanity.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2021-01-26","note":"Filing date and time from the stamp on page 1 of the certificate."}},{"id":"cs-anthropic-legal-form-2025","subject":"anthropic","predicate":"has_legal_form","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Delaware public benefit corporation; stated public benefit: responsibly developing and maintaining advanced AI for the long term benefit of humanity"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation filed on 3 July 2025, the latest inspected, states its specific public benefit as responsibly developing and maintaining advanced AI for the long term benefit of humanity. The same wording is in Article III of the restated certificate filed on 24 May 2021.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-07-03","note":"Filing date from the stamp on page 1 of the certificate."}},{"id":"cs-anthropic-ltbc-director-approval-2021","subject":"anthropic-ltbc","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic’s restated certificate of incorporation filed on 24 May 2021 constituted a Long-Term Benefit Committee with the exclusive power to approve or reject candidates for nomination or appointment as directors, except as set out in the stockholders’ Voting Agreement, and required candidates to receive its prior approval, except directors in office in May 2021 and those elected as Series A, Common or CEO Directors under the Voting Agreement.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2021-05-24","note":"Filing date of the restated certificate."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"veto","instrument":"Approval of director candidates (restated certificate filed 2021-05-24, Articles VIII(D) and IX(A))","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-described-2023","subject":"anthropic","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt-announcement-2023"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic published a description of its Long-Term Benefit Trust on 19 September 2023. It said the Trust’s Class T stock would let it elect a number of directors phasing in to a board majority within four years, named five initial Trustees chosen by its board (Jason Matheny, Kanika Bahl, Neil Buddy Shah as chair, Paul Christiano and Zach Robinson), and said that “failsafe” provisions let large enough supermajorities of stockholders change the Trust and its powers without the Trustees’ consent.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-09-19","basis":"publication","note":"Date shown on the post (day precision), also in the Internet Archive capture of 2023-09-25."}},{"id":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors","subject":"anthropic-ltbt","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic’s restated certificates of incorporation since March 2023 give holders of Class T Common Stock, voting as a separate class, the right to elect one director from 6 September 2023, two from the Second Phase-In Date and three of five from the Final Phase-In Date. Anthropic states that the Class T stock is held exclusively by the Long-Term Benefit Trust and gives it authority to elect and remove a number of board members that phases in by time- and funding-based milestones.","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2023-09-06","note":"The First Phase-In Date in the certificates. The later phase dates depend on board determinations that were not published (see the phase-in provisions); no end is recorded."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"elects_directors","instrument":"Class T Common Stock (restated certificates from 2023-03-31, Article VIII(B))","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-removes-directors","subject":"anthropic-ltbt","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The restated certificate filed on 3 July 2025 provides that any director elected under Article VIII(B) may be removed at any time without cause by the holders of the class or series of stock entitled to elect that director, so the holders of Class T Common Stock, which Anthropic states is held by the Long-Term Benefit Trust, may remove the Class T Directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-07-03","note":"Filing date of the latest inspected certificate; the same provision is in the certificate filed on 31 March 2023."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"removes_directors","instrument":"Class T Common Stock (certificate of incorporation, Article VIII(B)7)","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-class-t-consent","subject":"anthropic-ltbt","predicate":"holds_control_right","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Under Anthropic’s restated certificate filed on 3 July 2025, while any Class T Common Stock is outstanding the company may not, without the consent or vote of all Class T holders as a separate class, amend the Class T provisions or the phase-in definitions, alter the certificate so that the board’s legal powers are exercised by another person or body, or change the number of directors except to add seats at least half of which Class T holders elect. Acts without that consent are declared void.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-07-03","note":"Filing date of the latest inspected certificate."},"attributes":{"control":{"right":"veto","instrument":"Class T protective provisions (certificate of incorporation, Article IV(D)5(a))","stage":"effective"}}},{"id":"prov-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21-class-t-phase-in","subject":"anthropic-coi-2023-09-21","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Class T phase-in: board determination of $5bn or $6bn raised, or 24 May 2026 and 2027"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-09-21","basis":"publication","note":"Filing date of the certificate, recorded as its publication date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"class-t-phase-in"}}},{"id":"prov-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in","subject":"anthropic-coi-2024-01-29","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Class T phase-in: four or eight months after board determination of $5bn or $6bn raised, or 24 May 2026 and 2027"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-01-29","basis":"publication","note":"Filing date of the certificate, recorded as its publication date."},"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"class-t-phase-in"}}},{"id":"provchange-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in","subject":"anthropic-coi-2024-01-29","predicate":"changes_from","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-coi-2023-09-21"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Compared with the certificate filed on 21 September 2023, the certificate filed on 29 January 2024 moves the funding-based Class T phase-in triggers from the board’s determination itself to four months (second phase) and eight months (final phase) after the board determines that $5 billion or $6 billion has been raised. The outside dates of 24 May 2026 and 24 May 2027 are unchanged.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-01-29","basis":"publication","note":"Filing date of the later certificate."},"attributes":{"changeBasis":"document_comparison","provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"class-t-phase-in"}}},{"id":"cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024","subject":"jay-kreps","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic announced on 29 May 2024 that Jay Kreps had joined its board of directors and that he was appointed by its Long-Term Benefit Trust.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-05-29","note":"Date of the announcement. No end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors (appointed by the Long-Term Benefit Trust)"}},{"id":"cs-hastings-anthropic-board-2025","subject":"reed-hastings","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic announced on 28 May 2025 that Reed Hastings had been appointed to its board of directors by its Long-Term Benefit Trust.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-05-28","note":"Date of the announcement. No end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors (appointed by the Long-Term Benefit Trust)"}},{"id":"cs-narasimhan-anthropic-board-2026","subject":"vas-narasimhan","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic announced on 14 April 2026 that the Long-Term Benefit Trust had appointed Vas Narasimhan to its board of directors and that, with this appointment, Trust-appointed directors made up a majority of the board.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-04-14","note":"Date of the announcement. No end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors (appointed by the Long-Term Benefit Trust)"}},{"id":"cs-christiano-anthropic-ltbt-trustee","subject":"paul-christiano","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Paul Christiano was named by Anthropic on 19 September 2023 as one of the five initial Trustees of its Long-Term Benefit Trust; Anthropic’s page later states that he stepped down in April 2024 to take a role as Head of AI Safety at the U.S. AI Safety Institute.","time":{"kind":"interval","until":"2024-04","note":"Named as an initial Trustee on 2023-09-19; the start of his term is not stated. The end is the month given in Anthropic’s undated footnote."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee (initial Trustee)"}},{"id":"christiano-openai-affiliation-2017","subject":"paul-christiano","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2017-06-12","note":"Snapshot of the affiliation printed in arXiv v1 dated 2017-06-12; not an employment start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Paper affiliation"}},{"id":"lg-oai-abbeel-openai-2016","subject":"pieter-abbeel","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2016-04-26","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Full-time work with OpenAI on leave from UC Berkeley (title not stated)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-zilis-openai-advisor-2016","subject":"shivon-zilis","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2016-04-26","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Official advisor"}},{"id":"lg-oai-adam-dangelo-nonprofit-board-2019","subject":"adam-dangelo","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s OpenAI LP announcement of 11 March 2019 lists Adam D’Angelo as a non-employee member of the OpenAI Nonprofit board.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019-03-11","note":"Board as of 11 March 2019, as the source’s footnote states."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member (non-employee)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-greg-brockman-nonprofit-board-2019","subject":"greg-brockman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s OpenAI LP announcement of 11 March 2019 lists Greg Brockman as a member of the OpenAI Nonprofit board and as an OpenAI LP employee with the designation Chairman & CTO.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019-03-11","note":"Board as of 11 March 2019, as the source’s footnote states."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member; listed as Chairman & CTO"}},{"id":"lg-oai-holden-karnofsky-nonprofit-board-2019","subject":"holden-karnofsky","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s OpenAI LP announcement of 11 March 2019 lists Holden Karnofsky as a non-employee member of the OpenAI Nonprofit board.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019-03-11","note":"Board as of 11 March 2019, as the source’s footnote states."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member (non-employee)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-ilya-sutskever-nonprofit-board-2019","subject":"ilya-sutskever","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s OpenAI LP announcement of 11 March 2019 lists Ilya Sutskever as a member of the OpenAI Nonprofit board and as an OpenAI LP employee with the designation Chief Scientist.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019-03-11","note":"Board as of 11 March 2019, as the source’s footnote states."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member; listed as Chief Scientist"}},{"id":"lg-oai-reid-hoffman-nonprofit-board-2019","subject":"reid-hoffman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s OpenAI LP announcement of 11 March 2019 lists Reid Hoffman as a non-employee member of the OpenAI Nonprofit board.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019-03-11","note":"Board as of 11 March 2019, as the source’s footnote states."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member (non-employee)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-sam-altman-nonprofit-board-2019","subject":"sam-altman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s OpenAI LP announcement of 11 March 2019 lists Sam Altman as a member of the OpenAI Nonprofit board and as an OpenAI LP employee with the designation CEO.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019-03-11","note":"Board as of 11 March 2019, as the source’s footnote states."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member; listed as CEO"}},{"id":"lg-oai-shivon-zilis-nonprofit-board-2019","subject":"shivon-zilis","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s OpenAI LP announcement of 11 March 2019 lists Shivon Zilis as a non-employee member of the OpenAI Nonprofit board.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019-03-11","note":"Board as of 11 March 2019, as the source’s footnote states."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member (non-employee)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-tasha-mccauley-nonprofit-board-2019","subject":"tasha-mccauley","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s OpenAI LP announcement of 11 March 2019 lists Tasha McCauley as a non-employee member of the OpenAI Nonprofit board.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2019-03-11","note":"Board as of 11 March 2019, as the source’s footnote states."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member (non-employee)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-hurd-board-2021","subject":"will-hurd","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 3 May 2021 that Will Hurd had joined its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2021-05-03","note":"Announcement date; the source says he “has joined”, without a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-goo-kaiser-openai-2021","subject":"lukasz-kaiser","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2021-07-07","note":"arXiv v1 submission date."},"attributes":{"role":"author affiliation (OpenAI)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-toner-board-2021","subject":"helen-toner","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 8 September 2021 the appointment of Helen Toner to its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2021-09-08","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-brockman-president-2022","subject":"greg-brockman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2022-05-05","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"President"}},{"id":"lg-oai-lightcap-coo-2022","subject":"brad-lightcap","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2022-05-05","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Operating Officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-murati-cto-2022","subject":"mira-murati","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2022-05-05","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Technology Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-razavi-board-2023","subject":"yasmin-razavi","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic announced on 23 May 2023, in its Series C announcement, that Yasmin Razavi, a General Partner at Spark Capital, had joined its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-05-23","note":"Date of the announcement; no start date is given."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors"}},{"id":"lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-trustee","subject":"kanika-bahl","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's announcement of its Long-Term Benefit Trust on 19 September 2023 names Kanika Bahl, CEO and President of Evidence Action, as an initial Trustee.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-09-19","note":"Date of the announcement naming the initial Trustees; the start of her term is not stated. The step-down is recorded separately."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee (initial Trustee)"}},{"id":"lg-ant-matheny-ltbt-trustee","subject":"jason-matheny","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's announcement of its Long-Term Benefit Trust on 19 September 2023 names Jason Matheny, CEO of the RAND Corporation, as an initial Trustee.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-09-19","note":"Date of the announcement naming the initial Trustees; the start of his term is not stated. The step-down is recorded separately."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee (initial Trustee)"}},{"id":"lg-ant-robinson-ltbt-trustee","subject":"zach-robinson","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's announcement of its Long-Term Benefit Trust on 19 September 2023 names Zach Robinson, Interim CEO of Effective Ventures US, as an initial Trustee.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-09-19","note":"Date of the announcement naming the initial Trustees; the start of his term is not stated. The step-down is recorded separately."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee (initial Trustee)"}},{"id":"lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2023","subject":"neil-buddy-shah","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's announcement of its Long-Term Benefit Trust on 19 September 2023 names Neil Buddy Shah, CEO of the Clinton Health Access Initiative, as an initial Trustee and as the Trust's Chair.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-09-19","note":"Date of the announcement; the start of his term is not stated."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee (initial Trustee) and Chair"}},{"id":"lg-oai-madry-preparedness-2023","subject":"aleksander-madry","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-10-26","note":"Announcement date of the team; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Leader of the Preparedness team"}},{"id":"lg-oai-helen-toner-board-2023","subject":"helen-toner","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-11-17","note":"Board composition as stated in the announcement of that date."},"attributes":{"role":"Independent director"}},{"id":"lg-oai-tasha-mccauley-board-2023","subject":"tasha-mccauley","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-11-17","note":"Board composition as stated in the announcement of that date."},"attributes":{"role":"Independent director"}},{"id":"lg-oai-shear-interim-ceo-2023","subject":"emmett-shear","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-11-20","note":"Date of the post (UTC); not a start or end date."},"attributes":{"role":"Interim CEO"}},{"id":"lg-oai-murati-cto-return-2023","subject":"mira-murati","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2023-11-29","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"CTO"}},{"id":"lg-ant-matheny-ltbt-departure-2023","subject":"jason-matheny","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust page states, in an undated footnote, that Jason Matheny stepped down from the Trust in December 2023; Anthropic stated that he did so to preempt potential conflicts of interest with RAND Corporation's policy-related initiatives.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-12","note":"Month of the step-down as stated in Anthropic's undated footnote on the Trust page; when the footnote was published is not known, and no day is given."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee (initial Trustee)","statedReason":{"by":"anthropic","text":"Anthropic's page states that he stepped down to preempt potential conflicts of interest with RAND Corporation's policy-related initiatives.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-ant-matheny-ltbt-departure-2023"}}},{"id":"lg-gc-yao-shunyu-openai-2024","subject":"yao-shunyu","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024","note":"Year of joining as reported; start month and end not established. The personal page is undated."},"attributes":{"role":"researcher"}},{"id":"lg-oai-karpathy-departure-2024","subject":"andrej-karpathy","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-02-14","note":"UTC date of the post (13 February in US Pacific time); the post says he left “yesterday”."},"attributes":{"role":"Not stated in the post"}},{"id":"lg-oai-fidji-simo-board-2024","subject":"fidji-simo","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 8 March 2024 that Fidji Simo, CEO and Chair of Instacart, was one of three new members of its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-03-08","note":"Announcement date."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-nicole-seligman-board-2024","subject":"nicole-seligman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 8 March 2024 that Nicole Seligman, former EVP and General Counsel at Sony Corporation, was one of three new members of its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-03-08","note":"Announcement date; the review announcement of the same day calls it an election of new members."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024","subject":"sue-desmond-hellmann","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 8 March 2024 that Sue Desmond-Hellmann was one of three new members of its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-03-08","note":"Announcement date; the review announcement of the same day calls it an election of new members."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-gs-kokotajlo-openai-departure-2024","subject":"daniel-kokotajlo","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-04","note":"Month of the departure as reported by Business Insider on 9 May 2024 (“last month”); no dated announcement by Kokotajlo was retrieved, and his profile statement is undated (retrieved 15 October 2026)."},"attributes":{"role":"worked on the governance team","statedReason":{"by":"daniel-kokotajlo","text":"Kokotajlo states that he quit because he had lost confidence that OpenAI would behave responsibly around the time of AGI.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-gs-kokotajlo-openai-departure-2024-profile"}}},{"id":"lg-ant-krieger-cpo-2024","subject":"mike-krieger","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-05-15","note":"Date of the announcement, which says he has joined; the start date is not given."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Product Officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-leike-departure-2024","subject":"jan-leike","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-05-17","note":"Date of the post; his last working day is stated as the previous day."},"attributes":{"role":"Head of alignment, superalignment lead and executive","statedReason":{"by":"jan-leike","text":"Leike stated that he had been disagreeing with OpenAI leadership about the company’s core priorities for quite some time, until a breaking point was reached.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-oai-leike-departure-2024-2"}}},{"id":"lg-ant-rao-cfo-2024","subject":"krishna-rao","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-05-21","note":"Date of the announcement, which says he has joined; the start date is not given."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Financial Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-leike-joins-2024","subject":"jan-leike","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-05-28","note":"Date of the post (16:50 UTC); not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Leader of a new team on scalable oversight, weak-to-strong generalization and automated alignment research (as worded: “my new team”)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-schulman-head-of-alignment-science-2024","subject":"john-schulman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-05-28","note":"Role as shown in the announcement of that date."},"attributes":{"role":"Head of Alignment Science"}},{"id":"lg-oai-weng-head-of-safety-systems-2024","subject":"lilian-weng","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-05-28","note":"Role as shown in the announcement of that date."},"attributes":{"role":"Head of Safety Systems"}},{"id":"lg-ant-muehlhauser-board-departure-2024","subject":"luke-muehlhauser","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic announced on 29 May 2024 that Luke Muehlhauser had decided to step down from its board of directors; Anthropic stated that he would focus on his work at Open Philanthropy.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-05-29","note":"Date of the announcement; the effective date of the departure is not stated."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors","statedReason":{"by":"anthropic","text":"Anthropic's announcement states that he stepped down to focus on his work at Open Philanthropy.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-ant-muehlhauser-board-departure-2024"}}},{"id":"lg-oai-friar-cfo-2024","subject":"sarah-friar","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-06-10","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Financial Officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-weil-cpo-2024","subject":"kevin-weil","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-06-10","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Product Officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-nakasone-board-2024","subject":"paul-nakasone","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 13 June 2024 that Paul M. Nakasone had joined its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-06-13","note":"Announcement date; the source says he joined “today”."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-gs-candela-openai-preparedness-2024","subject":"joaquin-quinonero-candela","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-07","note":"Month of Altman's statement as dated by Engadget (“back in July 2024 … at the time”); Obsolete also dates the takeover to July 2024. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Head of Preparedness (with Lilian Weng)"}},{"id":"lg-gs-weng-openai-preparedness-2024","subject":"lilian-weng","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-07","note":"Month of Altman's statement as dated by Engadget (“back in July 2024 … at the time”). Not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Head of Preparedness (with Joaquin Quiñonero Candela)"}},{"id":"lg-gs-madry-openai-reassigned-2024","subject":"aleksander-madry","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-07-23","note":"Date of the report; the report places the reassignment in the previous week. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"job focused on AI reasoning"}},{"id":"lg-ant-schulman-joins-2024","subject":"john-schulman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-08-05","note":"Post timestamp 2024-08-06 00:00 UTC, which is 5 August in US Pacific time; TechCrunch's report is dated 5 August. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Not named in the source (announced move to pursue his alignment work at Anthropic)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-schulman-departure-2024","subject":"john-schulman","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-08-06","note":"UTC date of the post (5 August in US Pacific time); not a last working day."},"attributes":{"role":"Head of Alignment Science (title from “OpenAI Board Forms Safety and Security Committee” (OpenAI), 28 May 2024; not stated in the post)","statedReason":{"by":"john-schulman","text":"Schulman stated that the choice stemmed from his wish to deepen his focus on AI alignment and to return to hands-on technical work.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-oai-schulman-departure-2024"}}},{"id":"lg-oai-kolter-board-2024","subject":"zico-kolter","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 8 August 2024 the appointment of Zico Kolter to its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-08-08","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","subject":"joshua-achiam","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-09-25","note":"Date of the report of Sam Altman's note to staff; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Head of Mission Alignment"}},{"id":"lg-oai-mcgrew-departure-2024","subject":"bob-mcgrew","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-09-25","note":"Date as reported; not a last working day."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief research officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-murati-departure-2024","subject":"mira-murati","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-09-25","note":"The Wednesday of TechCrunch’s report of 25 September 2024 (a Wednesday), the date of the announcement as reported; not a last working day."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Technology Officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-markchen-research-lead-2024","subject":"mark-chen","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-09-26","note":"UTC date of the post (25 September in US Pacific time)."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Research lead with Jakub Pachocki; reported as SVP of research"}},{"id":"lg-oai-zoph-departure-2024","subject":"barret-zoph","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-09-26","note":"UTC date of the post (25 September in US Pacific time)."},"attributes":{"role":"Research VP (as reported; not stated in the retrieved post text)"}},{"id":"lg-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024","subject":"miles-brundage","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-10-23","note":"Date of the post. The post says he remains at OpenAI “until the end of day this Friday”; the last working day is not recorded."},"attributes":{"role":"Senior Advisor for AGI Readiness","statedReason":{"by":"miles-brundage","text":"Brundage stated that he wanted to impact and influence AI's development from outside the industry rather than inside.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024-reason"}}},{"id":"lg-oai-weng-departure-2024","subject":"lilian-weng","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-11-08","note":"Date of the post (UTC); not a last working day."},"attributes":{"role":"Not stated in the post (title Head of Safety Systems from “OpenAI Board Forms Safety and Security Committee” (OpenAI), 28 May 2024)"}},{"id":"lg-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024","subject":"rosie-campbell","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-12-01","note":"Date of the post; the post says the preceding week was her last at OpenAI. The last working day is not recorded."},"attributes":{"role":"Not named in the post (she names the Policy Research team as one she moved to earlier)","statedReason":{"by":"rosie-campbell","text":"Campbell stated that after Brundage's departure and the dissolution of the AGI Readiness team she believed she could pursue the mission of safe and beneficial AGI more effectively outside OpenAI.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024-reason"}}},{"id":"lg-oai-ogunlesi-board-2025","subject":"adebayo-ogunlesi","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 14 January 2025 that Adebayo Ogunlesi had joined its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-01-14","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-ant-schulman-departure-2025","subject":"john-schulman","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-02","note":"Month of the reports; TechCrunch's report is dated 2025-02-06. The departure date and the date of Anthropic's statement are not established."},"attributes":{"role":"Not named in the source"}},{"id":"lg-gs-sharma-anthropic-safeguards-research-2025","subject":"mrinank-sharma","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-02","note":"Month under which Anthropic's Alignment Science Blog index lists the undated post. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"lead, Safeguards Research Team"}},{"id":"lg-gw-fedus-openai-departure-2025","subject":"liam-fedus","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-03-17","note":"Date of the X post (20:59 UTC); not a last working day."},"attributes":{"role":"VP of research for post-training"}},{"id":"lg-oai-markchen-cro-2025","subject":"mark-chen","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-03-24","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Research Officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-villagra-cpo-2025","subject":"julia-villagra","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-03-24","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief People Officer"}},{"id":"lg-gs-candela-preparedness-stepdown-2025","subject":"joaquin-quinonero-candela","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-04-14","note":"Date of the LinkedIn announcement as given by the report (“posted yesterday”); the report says the step-down itself took place weeks earlier."},"attributes":{"role":"Head of Preparedness"}},{"id":"lg-gs-heidecke-openai-safety-systems-2025","subject":"johannes-heidecke","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-04-26","note":"Conference date shown on the page; the page's own publication date is not shown. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Head of Safety Systems"}},{"id":"lg-ant-fontaine-ltbt-trustee","subject":"richard-fontaine","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust announced on 7 June 2025 the appointment of Richard Fontaine, CEO of the Center for a New American Security, as a member of the Trust; Anthropic's Trust page states that he joined in May 2025.","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2025-05","note":"Start month from Anthropic's undated footnote. The announcement page is dated 2025-06-07. No end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee"}},{"id":"lg-oai-simo-ceo-applications-2025","subject":"fidji-simo","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-05-07","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"CEO of Applications"}},{"id":"lg-gs-candela-openai-recruiting-2025","subject":"joaquin-quinonero-candela","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-06-16","note":"Date of the post (UTC). Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Head of Recruiting"}},{"id":"lg-oai-ive-design-2025","subject":"jony-ive","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-07-09","note":"Date of the update on the announcement page."},"attributes":{"role":"Deep design and creative responsibilities across OpenAI (with LoveFrom, which remains independent)"}},{"id":"lg-ant-smith-cco-announced-2025","subject":"paul-smith-anthropic","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-07-15","note":"Announcement date; the start is stated only as later in 2025."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Commercial Officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-raji-cto-applications-2025","subject":"vijaye-raji","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-09-02","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"CTO of Applications"}},{"id":"lg-oai-simo-ceo-applications-snapshot-2025","subject":"fidji-simo","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-09-02","note":"Title as shown on the announcement of that date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"role":"CEO of Applications"}},{"id":"lg-ant-patil-cto-2025","subject":"rahul-patil","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-10-07","note":"Date of the announcement, which says he has joined; the start date is not given."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Technology Officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-dresser-cro-2025","subject":"denise-dresser","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-12-09","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Revenue Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026","subject":"kanika-bahl","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust page states, in an undated footnote, that Kanika Bahl stepped down from the Trust in January 2026; Anthropic stated that she did so to begin a new nonprofit, the AI Access Initiative.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-01","note":"Month of the step-down as stated in Anthropic's undated footnote on the Trust page; when the footnote was published is not known, and no day is given."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee (initial Trustee)","statedReason":{"by":"anthropic","text":"Anthropic's page states that she stepped down to begin a new nonprofit, the AI Access Initiative.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026"}}},{"id":"lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-trustee","subject":"mariano-florentino-cuellar","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's Trust page and its announcement of 4 August 2026 state that Mariano-Florentino (Tino) Cuéllar, President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, joined its Long-Term Benefit Trust in January 2026.","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2026-01","note":"Start month as stated in Anthropic's undated footnote and in its announcement of 4 August 2026 (\"since January 2026\"). His step-down is recorded separately; no end date is stated."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee"}},{"id":"lg-ant-robinson-ltbt-departure-2026","subject":"zach-robinson","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's Long-Term Benefit Trust page states, in an undated footnote, that Zach Robinson stepped down from the Trust in January 2026; Anthropic stated that he did so to focus on non-profit and philanthropic work.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-01","note":"Month of the step-down as stated in Anthropic's undated footnote on the Trust page; when the footnote was published is not known, and no day is given. The month is given in the same footnote sentence as Kanika Bahl's step-down."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee (initial Trustee)","statedReason":{"by":"anthropic","text":"Anthropic's page states that he stepped down to focus on non-profit and philanthropic work.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-ant-robinson-ltbt-departure-2026"}}},{"id":"lg-ant-krieger-labs-2026","subject":"mike-krieger","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-01-13","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Member of Labs"}},{"id":"lg-ant-vora-product-2026","subject":"ami-vora","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-01-13","note":"Announcement date; not a start date. The joining date is stated only as the end of 2025."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Leader of the Product organization"}},{"id":"lg-new-metz-openai-return-2026","subject":"luke-metz","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-01-15","note":"Post dated 2026-01-15 00:11 UTC (14 January in US Pacific time); an announcement date, not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated (rejoining OpenAI, reporting to Barret Zoph)"}},{"id":"lg-new-zoph-openai-return-2026","subject":"barret-zoph","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-01-15","note":"Post dated 2026-01-15 00:11 UTC (14 January in US Pacific time); an announcement date, not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated (rejoining OpenAI, reporting to Fidji Simo)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-scandinaro-preparedness-2026","subject":"dylan-scandinaro","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-02-03","note":"Date of both posts; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Head of Preparedness"}},{"id":"lg-gs-sharma-anthropic-departure-2026","subject":"mrinank-sharma","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-02-09","note":"Date of the post (UTC), which the post gives as his last day."},"attributes":{"role":"lead, Safeguards Research Team (title from “Introducing Anthropic's Safeguards Research Team” (Anthropic (Alignment Science Blog)), February 2025)"}},{"id":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-chief-futurist-2026","subject":"joshua-achiam","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-02-11","note":"Date of the newsletter issue. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Futurist"}},{"id":"lg-ant-liddell-board-2026","subject":"chris-liddell","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic announced on 13 February 2026 that Chris Liddell had been appointed to its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-02-13","note":"Date of the announcement. No end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of the board of directors"}},{"id":"lg-oai-kc-cpo-2026","subject":"arvind-kc","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-02-24","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief People Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-clark-head-public-benefit-2026","subject":"jack-clark","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-03-11","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Head of Public Benefit"}},{"id":"lg-ant-clark-institute-lead-2026","subject":"jack-clark","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-03-11","note":"Date of the announcement launching the Institute; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Leader of The Anthropic Institute"}},{"id":"lg-ant-heck-public-policy-2026","subject":"sarah-heck","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-03-11","note":"Announcement date; not a start date. Her joining date is not stated."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Head of Public Policy"}},{"id":"lg-gs-makanju-openai-foundation-2026","subject":"anna-makanju","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-03-24","note":"Announcement date; the announcement gives mid-April 2026 as the prospective joining time."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Head of AI for Civil Society and Philanthropy, OpenAI Foundation"}},{"id":"lg-oai-zaremba-foundation-resilience-2026","subject":"wojciech-zaremba","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-03-24","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Head of AI Resilience, OpenAI Foundation"}},{"id":"lg-oai-weil-departure-2026","subject":"kevin-weil","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-04-17","note":"Date of the post; he describes it as his last day."},"attributes":{"role":"Not stated as a title; he describes moving from Chief Product Officer to the research team and starting OpenAI for Science","statedReason":{"by":"kevin-weil","text":"Weil wrote that his last day came as OpenAI for Science was being decentralized into other research teams.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-oai-weil-departure-2026"}}},{"id":"lg-mx-xai-into-spacex-announced-2026","subject":"xai","predicate":"combined_into","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"spacex"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"Elon Musk wrote on 6 May 2026 that xAI would be dissolved as a separate company and continue as SpaceXAI, the AI products from SpaceX.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-05-06","note":"Date of the statement of intent; no effective date for a dissolution is given."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced"}},{"id":"lg-goo-shazeer-openai-2026","subject":"noam-shazeer","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-06-18","note":"Post time 2026-06-18 00:15 UTC (17 June in US time zones); not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"joining OpenAI (no title given)"}},{"id":"lg-gs-heidecke-openai-departure-2026","subject":"johannes-heidecke","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07","note":"WIRED's report of 10 July 2026 says he told staff “this week”; the exact day and the last working day are not given."},"attributes":{"role":"head of safety systems"}},{"id":"lg-mx-xai-spacexai-name-2026","subject":"xai","predicate":"name_transition_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"spacexai"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"An X post of 6 July 2026, made from the account that as retrieved displays as SpaceX Super Intelligence (@SpaceXSI), states that the account is now @spacexai.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-06","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the post."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","transitionScope":"name_announcement"}},{"id":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-departure-2026","subject":"joshua-achiam","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-07","note":"WIRED's report of 7 July 2026 (a Tuesday) says he notified colleagues “on Tuesday”; the last working day is not given."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Futurist"}},{"id":"lg-ant-bernanke-ltbt-trustee-2026","subject":"ben-bernanke","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic announced on 9 July 2026 that its Long-Term Benefit Trust had appointed Ben Bernanke, a Distinguished Fellow at the Brookings Institution and former Chair of the Federal Reserve, as a Trustee.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-09","note":"Date of the announcement; the Trust page's footnote gives July 2026 as the month he joined. No end is inferred."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee"}},{"id":"lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026","subject":"neil-buddy-shah","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's announcement of 9 July 2026 identifies Neil Buddy Shah as Chair of its Long-Term Benefit Trust.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-09","note":"Date of the announcement."},"attributes":{"role":"Chair"}},{"id":"lg-oai-simo-departure-2026","subject":"fidji-simo","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-09","note":"Date of the post; not a last working day."},"attributes":{"role":"Full-time role not named in the post (title CEO of Applications from “OpenAI Expands Leadership with Fidji Simo” (OpenAI))"}},{"id":"lg-gs-glaese-openai-head-of-alignment-2026","subject":"mia-glaese","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-10","note":"Date of the report. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"VP of research and head of alignment"}},{"id":"lg-gs-glaese-openai-research-safety-2026","subject":"mia-glaese","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-10","note":"Date of the report of an announced change; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"VP of research and safety"}},{"id":"lg-gs-jain-openai-interim-safety-systems-2026","subject":"saachi-jain","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-10","note":"Date of the report of an announced change; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"interim head of safety systems"}},{"id":"lg-oai-david-velez-foundation-board-2026","subject":"david-velez","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 21 July 2026 the appointment of David Vélez to the board of the OpenAI Foundation.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-21","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-david-velez-pbc-board-2026","subject":"david-velez","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-group-pbc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 21 July 2026 the appointment of David Vélez to the board of the OpenAI Group PBC.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-21","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-robin-vince-foundation-board-2026","subject":"robin-vince","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-inc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 21 July 2026 the appointment of Robin Vince to the board of the OpenAI Foundation.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-21","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-robin-vince-pbc-board-2026","subject":"robin-vince","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-group-pbc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI announced on 21 July 2026 the appointment of Robin Vince to the board of the OpenAI Group PBC.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-21","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-taylor-pbc-chair-2026","subject":"bret-taylor","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-group-pbc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s announcement of 21 July 2026 identifies Bret Taylor as Chair of the OpenAI Foundation and OpenAI Group PBC boards.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-21","note":"Title as shown on the announcement of that date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"role":"Chair of the board"}},{"id":"lg-gw-weng-openai-return-2026","subject":"lilian-weng","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-29","note":"Publication date of the report; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"lead of a top-level team focused on accelerating internal research"}},{"id":"lg-ant-cuellar-cgao-announced-2026","subject":"mariano-florentino-cuellar","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-08-04","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Global Affairs Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026","subject":"mariano-florentino-cuellar","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic-ltbt"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic announced on 4 August 2026 that Mariano-Florentino (Tino) Cuéllar had stepped down from its Long-Term Benefit Trust; Anthropic stated that he did so to join the company.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-08-04","note":"Date of the announcement; the effective date of the step-down is not stated."},"attributes":{"role":"Trustee","statedReason":{"by":"anthropic","text":"Anthropic's announcement states that he stepped down from the Trust to join the company.","evidenceId":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026"}}},{"id":"lg-oai-dresser-departure-2026","subject":"denise-dresser","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-08-13","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it. Not a last working day."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Revenue Officer (title from “OpenAI appoints Denise Dresser as Chief Revenue Officer” (OpenAI), December 2025; not named in this passage)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-rajic-cro-2026","subject":"dali-rajic","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-08-13","note":"Announcement date. Publication date from OpenAI’s own news feed (openai.com/news/rss.xml, retrieved 2026-10-15); the reader-relay text does not carry it."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Chief Revenue Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-brown-chief-compute-2026","subject":"tom-brown","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Compute Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-cuellar-cgao-leadership-2026","subject":"mariano-florentino-cuellar","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Global Affairs Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-daniela-board-chair-2026","subject":"daniela-amodei","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Anthropic's Leadership page, as retrieved on 15 October 2026, states that co-founder and President Daniela Amodei serves as chair of its board of directors.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chair of the board of directors"}},{"id":"lg-ant-dario-ceo-2026","subject":"dario-amodei","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Executive Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-de-marigny-cbco-2026","subject":"sasha-de-marigny","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Brand and Communications Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-israel-clo-2026","subject":"brian-israel","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Legal Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-olah-interpretability-lead-2026","subject":"chris-olah","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Interpretability Research Lead"}},{"id":"lg-ant-pritchett-people-2026","subject":"hannah-pritchett","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief People Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-smith-cco-leadership-2026","subject":"paul-smith-anthropic","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Commercial Officer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-vora-cpo-leadership-2026","subject":"ami-vora","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Product Officer"}},{"id":"lg-oai-kolter-pbc-observer","subject":"zico-kolter","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai-group-pbc"},"topic":"governance","statement":"OpenAI’s structure page, as retrieved on 15 October 2026, states that Zico Kolter will serve as a non-voting observer to the OpenAI Group board.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-15","note":"Role as shown on the page when retrieved on 15 October 2026; the page is undated. Not a start date. The page describes the arrangement as part of the structure announced on 28 October 2025."},"attributes":{"role":"Non-voting observer to the board"}},{"id":"lg-ant-mann-openai-prior","subject":"ben-mann","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The slide does not date the role."},"attributes":{"role":"GPT-3 and API Engineer"}},{"id":"lg-ant-mccandlish-openai-safety-lead-prior","subject":"sam-mccandlish","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The slide does not date the role."},"attributes":{"role":"AI Safety Research Lead"}},{"id":"lg-gs-brundage-openai-policy-research-head","subject":"miles-brundage","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The post gives no dates for the role; it precedes his role as Senior Advisor for AGI Readiness."},"attributes":{"role":"Head of Policy Research"}},{"id":"lg-gs-makanju-openai-global-impact-prior","subject":"anna-makanju","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The update gives no dates for the role; it precedes her announced Foundation role."},"attributes":{"role":"VP of Global Impact"}},{"id":"lg-deal-luan-openai-engineering-prior","subject":"david-luan","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"Retrospective self-account (2022-04-26); the dates of the role are not stated and stay unknown."},"attributes":{"role":"led Engineering"}},{"id":"pp-er-muehlhauser-anthropic-board-2024","subject":"luke-muehlhauser","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","statement":"Anthropic’s announcement of 29 May 2024 refers to Luke Muehlhauser’s Board role, from which he had decided to step down.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-05-29","note":"Date of the announcement; neither the start of the role nor the effective date of his departure is stated."},"attributes":{"role":"Board member"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-kilpatrick-openai-devrel-prior","subject":"logan-kilpatrick","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"interval","until":"2024-03","note":"End month as reported; the start is not given in this source."},"attributes":{"role":"Head of developer relations (as reported)"}},{"id":"lg2-xa-kosic-openai-rejoined-2024","subject":"kyle-kosic","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-06-28","note":"Date of the report; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"rejoined OpenAI (title not stated)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-bubeck-openai-2024","subject":"sebastien-bubeck","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-10-14","note":"Date of the report; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated (the report says the role was unclear)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-brockman-openai-return-2024","subject":"greg-brockman","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-11-12","note":"Date of the post; the post does not give the date of his return."},"attributes":{"role":"not stated (back to building at OpenAI, in his words)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-beyer-openai-2024","subject":"lucas-beyer","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-12-04","note":"Date of the report; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated (joining the Zurich team)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-kolesnikov-openai-2024","subject":"alexander-kolesnikov","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-12-04","note":"Date of the report; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated (joining the Zurich team)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-zhai-openai-2024","subject":"xiaohua-zhai","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2024-12-04","note":"Date of the report; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated (joining the Zurich team)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-carlini-anthropic-2025","subject":"nicholas-carlini","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-03-05","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated (research on adversarial machine learning, for a stated period of one year)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-houlsby-anthropic-zurich-2025","subject":"neil-houlsby","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-04-08","note":"Date of the announcement; the office's opening date and his start date are not given."},"attributes":{"role":"Leader of the Zurich research office"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-karnofsky-anthropic-mts-2025","subject":"holden-karnofsky","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-07","note":"Interview recorded on 25 and 28 July 2025, published on 30 October 2025; the host says he joined Anthropic about six months earlier, which gives no exact start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Member of technical staff (advising the company on preparing for risks from advanced AI; reporting to the chief science officer)"}},{"id":"lg2-xa-ruddarraju-openai-compute-2025","subject":"uday-ruddarraju","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"interval","from":"2025-07","note":"Start month as reported ('last July' in a July 2026 report); the report records a later change of title, so no end of this title is inferred or extended."},"attributes":{"role":"head of compute and infrastructure"}},{"id":"lg2-dl-burgess-anthropic-2025","subject":"jordan-burgess","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-08-13","note":"Report date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Joined Anthropic (title not stated)"}},{"id":"lg2-dl-habib-anthropic-2025","subject":"raza-habib","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-08-13","note":"Report date; Humanloop's announcement is undated. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Joined Anthropic (title not stated)"}},{"id":"lg2-dl-hayes-anthropic-2025","subject":"peter-hayes","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-08-13","note":"Report date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"Joined Anthropic (title not stated)"}},{"id":"lg2-xa-liberatore-openai-bfo-2025","subject":"mike-liberatore","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-09-16","note":"Date of the report, which gives the appointment as effective that Tuesday."},"attributes":{"role":"business finance officer (BFO) for AI infrastructure"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-katti-openai-2025","subject":"sachin-katti","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2025-11-10","note":"Date of the post; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"not stated (designing and building compute infrastructure)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-tworek-openai-departure-2026","subject":"jerry-tworek","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-01-05","note":"Date of Tworek's X post (UTC), which shares a note to his team as an image; the report is dated 7 January 2026. No leaving date is given."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Vice President of Research (as reported)","statedReason":{"by":"jerry-tworek","text":"Tworek wrote in his note that he was leaving to try and explore types of research that are hard to do at OpenAI.","evidenceId":"lg2-ev-adm-tworek-note"}}},{"id":"lg2-oa-schoenholz-openai-return-2026","subject":"sam-schoenholz","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-01-15","note":"Post dated 2026-01-15 00:11 UTC (14 January in US Pacific time); an announcement date, not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated (rejoining OpenAI, reporting to Barret Zoph)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-vallone-anthropic-2026","subject":"andrea-vallone","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-01-16","note":"Date of the report; not a start date."},"attributes":{"role":"alignment team member, reporting to Jan Leike (as reported)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-steinberger-openai-2026","subject":"peter-steinberger","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-02-15","note":"Date of Altman's post; Steinberger's post is dated 14 February 2026. Not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated (to drive the next generation of personal agents)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-schwarzer-anthropic-2026","subject":"max-schwarzer","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-03-03","note":"Date of Schwarzer’s X post (3 March 2026, 21:02 UTC) as retrieved through X’s syndication endpoint, which truncates the post before the part exchange4media quotes; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated in his post"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-schwarzer-openai-departure-2026","subject":"max-schwarzer","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-03-03","note":"Date of the post; no leaving date is given."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Not stated in the retrieved post text (reported as Vice President of Research)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-karpathy-anthropic-2026","subject":"andrej-karpathy","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-05-19","note":"Date of the post; the start date is not stated."},"attributes":{"role":"not stated (to get back to R&D)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-ball-openai-strategic-futures-2026","subject":"dean-ball","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-06-18","note":"Date of the post; the post gives 6 July (2026) as the joining date, a stated plan, not a confirmed start."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Leader of the Strategic Futures team"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-jumper-anthropic-2026","subject":"john-jumper","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-06-19","note":"Announcement date; not a start date."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"not stated"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-ruddarraju-openai-cto-compute-2026","subject":"uday-ruddarraju","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-07-18","note":"Date of the report; the date of the change is not given."},"attributes":{"role":"Chief Technology Officer, Compute (as reported)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-katti-openai-departure-2026","subject":"sachin-katti","predicate":"departure_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-10-14","note":"Date of his post and of the report. The last day of 15 November 2026 was still to come when the record was made."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Infrastructure and compute lead (as reported)"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-ruddarraju-openai-compute-lead-2026","subject":"uday-ruddarraju","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-14","note":"Date of the report; the handover is prospective (Katti's reported leaving date is 15 November 2026)."},"attributes":{"activityStage":"announced","role":"Leader of the overall compute organisation (as reported)"}},{"id":"lg2-nl-linden-li-openai-researcher-prior","subject":"linden-li","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"Prior role stated retrospectively in a 29 October 2025 post; no dates are given."},"attributes":{"role":"Researcher (a core contributor on ML systems and infrastructure for RL training)"}},{"id":"lg2-nl-rhythm-garg-openai-researcher-prior","subject":"rhythm-garg","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"Prior role stated retrospectively in a 29 October 2025 post; no dates are given."},"attributes":{"role":"Researcher (Applied Compute’s post calls him a core contributor to OpenAI’s first RL-trained reasoning model, o1)"}},{"id":"lg2-nl-yash-patil-openai-researcher-prior","subject":"yash-patil","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"Prior role stated retrospectively in a 29 October 2025 post; no dates are given."},"attributes":{"role":"Researcher (a key member of the agentic software engineer effort (Codex))"}},{"id":"lg2-oa-vallone-openai-model-policy-prior","subject":"andrea-vallone","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","time":{"kind":"unknown","note":"The report gives a duration of three years but no dates."},"attributes":{"role":"founder of the Model Policy research team (as reported)"}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-openai-launch","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-anthropic-series-a","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-deepmind-combination","publisherId":"google-deepmind"},{"id":"source-openai-org-update-2020","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-anthropic-reinvent-2024"},{"id":"source-olah-bio"},{"id":"source-clark-bio"},{"id":"source-openai-supporters-2018","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-babuschkin-bio"},{"id":"source-legg-deepmind-2014"},{"id":"source-openai-chief-scientist-2024","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-anthropic-rsp-officers-2024","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-cto-2025","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-kingma-bio"},{"id":"source-karpathy-bio"},{"id":"source-schulman-bio"},{"id":"source-leike-bio"},{"id":"source-openai-superalignment-2023","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-levy-stanford-bio"},{"id":"source-scaling-laws-v1-2020","documentId":"scaling-laws"},{"id":"source-human-preferences-paper-v1","documentId":"human-preferences-paper"},{"id":"source-eval-i-barnes-axrp"},{"id":"source-atlas-openai-lp","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-atlas-openai-pbc-plan","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-atlas-openai-recapitalization","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-atlas-openai-leadership","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-atlas-openai-return","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-xm-x-acquisition"},{"id":"source-xm-spacex","publisherId":"xai"},{"id":"source-openai-990-2024","publisherId":"openai-inc"},{"id":"source-openai-990-2024-schedule-o","publisherId":"openai-inc"},{"id":"source-openai-990-2024-schedule-r","publisherId":"openai-inc"},{"id":"source-openai-990-2019-schedule-r"},{"id":"source-openai-opco-disclosure-2023"},{"id":"source-cma-microsoft-openai-2025"},{"id":"source-openai-review-completed-2024","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-openai-structure-evolve-2024","documentId":"openai-structure-evolve-2024","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-openai-our-structure","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-openai-christiano-2026","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-openai-ssc-update-2024","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate","documentId":"openai-group-pbc-certificate-2025","publisherId":"openai-group-pbc"},{"id":"source-delaware-ag-openai-2025","documentId":"delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","publisherId":"delaware-attorney-general"},{"id":"source-california-ag-openai-mou-2025"},{"id":"source-anthropic-coi-2021-01-26","documentId":"anthropic-coi-2021-01-26","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-coi-2021-05-24","documentId":"anthropic-coi-2021-05-24","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-coi-2023-03-31","documentId":"anthropic-coi-2023-03-31","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21","documentId":"anthropic-coi-2023-09-21","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29","documentId":"anthropic-coi-2024-01-29","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-coi-2025-07-03","documentId":"anthropic-coi-2025-07-03","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023","documentId":"anthropic-ltbt-announcement-2023","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-kreps-2024","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-hastings-2025","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-narasimhan-2026","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"source-anthropic-bernanke-2026","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-company-2026","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-cuellar-2026","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-fontaine-2025","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-institute-2026","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-krieger-2024","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-labs-2026","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-leike-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-liddell-2026","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-rao-2024","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-schulman-tc-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-schulman-tc-2025"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-series-c-2023","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-ant-smith-2025","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-gc-cls-tencent-2025"},{"id":"lg-src-gc-yao-shunyu-home"},{"id":"lg-src-goo-codex-v1","documentId":"kp-evaluating-large-language-models-trained-2021"},{"id":"lg-src-goo-x-shazeer-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-ant-alignment-blog-index","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-ant-safeguards-research-2025","publisherId":"anthropic"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-bi-kokotajlo-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-brundage-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-campbell-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-candela-x-2025"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-cnbc-madry-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-engadget-preparedness-2025"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-kokotajlo-lw-profile"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-oai-chief-futurist-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-obsolete-candela-2025"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-scai-heidecke-2025"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-sharma-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-wired-achiam-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-gs-wired-heidecke-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-gw-fedus-x-2025"},{"id":"lg-src-gw-tc-fedus-2025"},{"id":"lg-src-gw-tc-weng-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-mx-musk-xai-dissolve"},{"id":"lg-src-mx-spacexai-rebrand"},{"id":"lg-src-new-simo-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-abbeel-zilis-2016","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-board-2024","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-cfo-cpo-2024","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-dresser-2025","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-foundation-2026","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-hurd-2021","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-io-2025","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-karpathy-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-kc-2026","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-kolter-2024","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2022","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2025","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-leike-priorities-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-leike-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-markchen-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-nakasone-2024","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-ogunlesi-2025","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-preparedness-2023","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-rajic-2026","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-sama-scandinaro-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-scandinaro-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-schulman-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-shear-x-2023"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-simo-2025","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-simo-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-ssc-2024","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-statsig-2025","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-tc-mcgrew-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-tc-murati-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-toner-2021","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-velez-vince-2026","publisherId":"openai"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-weil-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-weng-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-oai-zoph-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-src-deal-adept-intro-2022","publisherId":"adept"},{"id":"lg2-src-qz-kilpatrick-2024"},{"id":"lg2-src-fortune-kosic-2024"},{"id":"lg2-src-maginative-bubeck-2024"},{"id":"lg2-src-bloomberg-bubeck-2024"},{"id":"lg2-src-brockman-return-x-2024"},{"id":"lg2-src-heise-zurich-2024"},{"id":"lg2-src-dcd-ruddarraju-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-carlini-career-2025"},{"id":"lg2-src-cfodive-liberatore-2025"},{"id":"lg2-src-anthropic-emea-2025"},{"id":"lg2-src-80k-karnofsky-2025"},{"id":"lg2-src-tc-humanloop-2025"},{"id":"lg2-src-humanloop-joins-anthropic"},{"id":"lg2-src-brockman-katti-x-2025"},{"id":"lg2-src-tomshw-katti-2025"},{"id":"lg2-src-trendforce-tworek-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-tworek-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-decoder-vallone-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-steinberger-blog-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-sama-steinberger-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-e4m-schwarzer-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-schwarzer-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-karpathy-anthropic-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-ball-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-jumper-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-e4m-ruddarraju-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-cnbc-katti-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-katti-li-2026"},{"id":"lg2-src-appliedcompute-specific"},{"id":"lg2-src-tc-appliedcompute"}],"evidence":[{"id":"evidence-altman-openai-2015","claimId":"altman-openai-2015","sourceId":"source-openai-launch"},{"id":"evidence-musk-openai-2015","claimId":"musk-openai-2015","sourceId":"source-openai-launch"},{"id":"evidence-sutskever-openai-2015","claimId":"sutskever-openai-2015","sourceId":"source-openai-launch"},{"id":"evidence-dario-anthropic-2021","claimId":"dario-anthropic-2021","sourceId":"source-anthropic-series-a"},{"id":"evidence-daniela-anthropic-2021","claimId":"daniela-anthropic-2021","sourceId":"source-anthropic-series-a"},{"id":"evidence-deepmind-combined-2023","claimId":"deepmind-combined-2023","sourceId":"source-deepmind-combination"},{"id":"evidence-brain-combined-2023","claimId":"brain-combined-2023","sourceId":"source-deepmind-combination"},{"id":"evidence-dario-openai-vp-2020","claimId":"dario-openai-vp-2020","sourceId":"source-openai-org-update-2020"},{"id":"evidence-dario-openai-departure-announced-2020","claimId":"dario-openai-departure-announced-2020","sourceId":"source-openai-org-update-2020"},{"id":"evidence-daniela-openai-safety-prior","claimId":"daniela-openai-safety-prior","sourceId":"source-anthropic-reinvent-2024"},{"id":"evidence-olah-openai-interpretability-prior","claimId":"olah-openai-interpretability-prior","sourceId":"source-olah-bio"},{"id":"evidence-clark-openai-policy-prior","claimId":"clark-openai-policy-prior","sourceId":"source-clark-bio"},{"id":"evidence-brown-openai-gpt3-prior","claimId":"brown-openai-gpt3-prior","sourceId":"source-anthropic-reinvent-2024"},{"id":"evidence-musk-openai-board-departure-2018","claimId":"musk-openai-board-departure-2018","sourceId":"source-openai-supporters-2018"},{"id":"evidence-babuschkin-openai-prior","claimId":"babuschkin-openai-prior","sourceId":"source-babuschkin-bio"},{"id":"evidence-google-acquired-deepmind-2014","claimId":"google-acquired-deepmind-2014","sourceId":"source-legg-deepmind-2014"},{"id":"evidence-brockman-openai-cto-2015","claimId":"brockman-openai-cto-2015","sourceId":"source-openai-launch"},{"id":"evidence-schulman-openai-posttraining-2022-2024","claimId":"schulman-openai-posttraining-2022-2024","sourceId":"source-schulman-bio"},{"id":"evidence-schulman-anthropic-alignment-prior","claimId":"schulman-anthropic-alignment-prior","sourceId":"source-schulman-bio"},{"id":"evidence-kingma-openai-research-2015-2018","claimId":"kingma-openai-research-2015-2018","sourceId":"source-kingma-bio"},{"id":"evidence-kingma-anthropic-research-from-2024","claimId":"kingma-anthropic-research-from-2024","sourceId":"source-kingma-bio"},{"id":"evidence-karpathy-openai-research-2015-2017","claimId":"karpathy-openai-research-2015-2017","sourceId":"source-karpathy-bio"},{"id":"evidence-karpathy-openai-return-2023-2024","claimId":"karpathy-openai-return-2023-2024","sourceId":"source-karpathy-bio"},{"id":"evidence-jared-kaplan-openai-affiliation-2020","claimId":"jared-kaplan-openai-affiliation-2020","sourceId":"source-scaling-laws-v1-2020"},{"id":"evidence-sam-mccandlish-openai-affiliation-2020","claimId":"sam-mccandlish-openai-affiliation-2020","sourceId":"source-scaling-laws-v1-2020"},{"id":"evidence-kaplan-anthropic-cso-2024","claimId":"kaplan-anthropic-cso-2024","sourceId":"source-anthropic-rsp-officers-2024"},{"id":"evidence-kaplan-anthropic-rso-2024","claimId":"kaplan-anthropic-rso-2024","sourceId":"source-anthropic-rsp-officers-2024"},{"id":"evidence-mccandlish-anthropic-cto-2024","claimId":"mccandlish-anthropic-cto-2024","sourceId":"source-anthropic-rsp-officers-2024"},{"id":"evidence-mccandlish-anthropic-rso-prior","claimId":"mccandlish-anthropic-rso-prior","sourceId":"source-anthropic-rsp-officers-2024"},{"id":"evidence-mccandlish-anthropic-architect-2025","claimId":"mccandlish-anthropic-architect-2025","sourceId":"source-anthropic-cto-2025"},{"id":"evidence-jan-leike-openai-superalignment-2023","claimId":"jan-leike-openai-superalignment-2023","sourceId":"source-openai-superalignment-2023"},{"id":"evidence-ilya-sutskever-openai-superalignment-2023","claimId":"ilya-sutskever-openai-superalignment-2023","sourceId":"source-openai-superalignment-2023"},{"id":"evidence-leike-anthropic-alignment-science","claimId":"leike-anthropic-alignment-science","sourceId":"source-leike-bio"},{"id":"evidence-sutskever-openai-departure-announced-2024","claimId":"sutskever-openai-departure-announced-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-chief-scientist-2024"},{"id":"evidence-pachocki-openai-chief-scientist-2024","claimId":"pachocki-openai-chief-scientist-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-chief-scientist-2024"},{"id":"evidence-pachocki-openai-director-prior","claimId":"pachocki-openai-director-prior","sourceId":"source-openai-chief-scientist-2024"},{"id":"evidence-levy-openai-optimization-prior","claimId":"levy-openai-optimization-prior","sourceId":"source-levy-stanford-bio"},{"id":"evidence-eval-i-barnes-openai","claimId":"eval-i-barnes-openai","sourceId":"source-eval-i-barnes-axrp"},{"id":"evidence-atlas-openai-lp","claimId":"atlas-openai-lp","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"evidence-atlas-openai-pbc-plan","claimId":"atlas-openai-pbc-plan","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-pbc-plan"},{"id":"evidence-atlas-openai-recapitalization","claimId":"atlas-openai-recapitalization","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-recapitalization"},{"id":"evidence-atlas-altman-departure","claimId":"atlas-altman-departure","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-leadership"},{"id":"evidence-atlas-altman-return","claimId":"atlas-altman-return","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"evidence-atlas-murati-interim","claimId":"atlas-murati-interim","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-leadership"},{"id":"evidence-xm-x-acquisition","claimId":"xm-x-acquisition","sourceId":"source-xm-x-acquisition"},{"id":"evidence-xm-spacex-acquisition","claimId":"xm-spacex-acquisition","sourceId":"source-xm-spacex"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024-1","claimId":"cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-990-2024"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024-2","claimId":"cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-990-2024-schedule-o"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024-3","claimId":"cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-990-2024-schedule-o"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-lp-announced-2019-1","claimId":"cs-openai-lp-announced-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-lp-announced-2019-2","claimId":"cs-openai-lp-announced-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-lp-board-control-2019-1","claimId":"cs-openai-lp-board-control-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-lp-board-control-2019-2","claimId":"cs-openai-lp-board-control-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-lp-board-control-2019-3","claimId":"cs-openai-lp-board-control-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-990-2019-inc-controls-gp-llc-1","claimId":"cs-openai-990-2019-inc-controls-gp-llc","sourceId":"source-openai-990-2019-schedule-r"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-990-2019-gp-llc-controls-lp-1","claimId":"cs-openai-990-2019-gp-llc-controls-lp","sourceId":"source-openai-990-2019-schedule-r"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-lp-to-opco-2023-1","claimId":"cs-openai-lp-to-opco-2023","sourceId":"source-openai-opco-disclosure-2023"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-lp-to-opco-2023-2","claimId":"cs-openai-lp-to-opco-2023","sourceId":"source-cma-microsoft-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco-1","claimId":"cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco","sourceId":"source-cma-microsoft-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco-2","claimId":"cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco","sourceId":"source-openai-opco-disclosure-2023"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-990-2024-gp-llc-controls-global-1","claimId":"cs-openai-990-2024-gp-llc-controls-global","sourceId":"source-openai-990-2024-schedule-r"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-990-2024-gp-llc-controls-global-2","claimId":"cs-openai-990-2024-gp-llc-controls-global","sourceId":"source-cma-microsoft-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-cs-altman-board-departure-2023-1","claimId":"cs-altman-board-departure-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-leadership"},{"id":"evidence-cs-brockman-chair-departure-2023-1","claimId":"cs-brockman-chair-departure-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-leadership"},{"id":"evidence-cs-brockman-chair-departure-2023-2","claimId":"cs-brockman-chair-departure-2023","sourceId":"source-openai-review-completed-2024"},{"id":"evidence-cs-taylor-chair-initial-board-2023-1","claimId":"cs-taylor-chair-initial-board-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"evidence-cs-taylor-chair-initial-board-2023-2","claimId":"cs-taylor-chair-initial-board-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"evidence-cs-summers-initial-board-2023-1","claimId":"cs-summers-initial-board-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"evidence-cs-summers-initial-board-2023-2","claimId":"cs-summers-initial-board-2023","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"evidence-cs-dangelo-initial-board-2023-1","claimId":"cs-dangelo-initial-board-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"evidence-cs-dangelo-initial-board-2023-2","claimId":"cs-dangelo-initial-board-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"evidence-cs-sutskever-board-departure-2023-1","claimId":"cs-sutskever-board-departure-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"evidence-cs-altman-board-return-2024-1","claimId":"cs-altman-board-return-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-review-completed-2024"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-structure-plan-2024-1","claimId":"cs-openai-structure-plan-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-structure-evolve-2024"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-structure-plan-2024-2","claimId":"cs-openai-structure-plan-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-structure-evolve-2024"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-nonprofit-retains-control-2025-1","claimId":"cs-openai-nonprofit-retains-control-2025","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-pbc-plan"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-nonprofit-retains-control-2025-2","claimId":"cs-openai-nonprofit-retains-control-2025","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-pbc-plan"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-group-pbc-legal-form-2025-1","claimId":"cs-openai-group-pbc-legal-form-2025","sourceId":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-group-pbc-legal-form-2025-2","claimId":"cs-openai-group-pbc-legal-form-2025","sourceId":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate"},{"id":"evidence-prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-safety-mission-1","claimId":"prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-safety-mission","sourceId":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate"},{"id":"evidence-prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-elections-1","claimId":"prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-elections","sourceId":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate"},{"id":"evidence-prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-pre-approval-1","claimId":"prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-pre-approval","sourceId":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate"},{"id":"evidence-prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-pre-approval-2","claimId":"prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-pre-approval","sourceId":"source-delaware-ag-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-director-removal-1","claimId":"prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-director-removal","sourceId":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-foundation-elects-pbc-directors-1","claimId":"cs-openai-foundation-elects-pbc-directors","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-foundation-elects-pbc-directors-2","claimId":"cs-openai-foundation-elects-pbc-directors","sourceId":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-foundation-elects-pbc-directors-3","claimId":"cs-openai-foundation-elects-pbc-directors","sourceId":"source-delaware-ag-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-foundation-removes-pbc-directors-1","claimId":"cs-openai-foundation-removes-pbc-directors","sourceId":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-foundation-removes-pbc-directors-2","claimId":"cs-openai-foundation-removes-pbc-directors","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-foundation-pre-approval-pbc-1","claimId":"cs-openai-foundation-pre-approval-pbc","sourceId":"source-openai-group-pbc-certificate"},{"id":"evidence-cs-openai-foundation-pre-approval-pbc-2","claimId":"cs-openai-foundation-pre-approval-pbc","sourceId":"source-delaware-ag-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-cs-delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025-1","claimId":"cs-delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","sourceId":"source-delaware-ag-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-cs-delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025-2","claimId":"cs-delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","sourceId":"source-delaware-ag-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-cs-delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025-3","claimId":"cs-delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","sourceId":"source-california-ag-openai-mou-2025"},{"id":"evidence-prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority-1","claimId":"prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority","sourceId":"source-delaware-ag-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority-2","claimId":"prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority","sourceId":"source-openai-ssc-update-2024"},{"id":"evidence-prov-delaware-ag-nfp-control-1","claimId":"prov-delaware-ag-nfp-control","sourceId":"source-delaware-ag-openai-2025"},{"id":"evidence-cs-christiano-openai-foundation-board-2026-1","claimId":"cs-christiano-openai-foundation-board-2026","sourceId":"source-openai-christiano-2026"},{"id":"evidence-cs-christiano-openai-foundation-board-2026-2","claimId":"cs-christiano-openai-foundation-board-2026","sourceId":"source-openai-christiano-2026"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-legal-form-2021-1","claimId":"cs-anthropic-legal-form-2021","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2021-01-26"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-legal-form-2021-2","claimId":"cs-anthropic-legal-form-2021","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2021-01-26"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-legal-form-2025-1","claimId":"cs-anthropic-legal-form-2025","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2025-07-03"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-legal-form-2025-2","claimId":"cs-anthropic-legal-form-2025","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2021-05-24"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-legal-form-2025-3","claimId":"cs-anthropic-legal-form-2025","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2025-07-03"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbc-director-approval-2021-1","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbc-director-approval-2021","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2021-05-24"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbc-director-approval-2021-2","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbc-director-approval-2021","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2021-05-24"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbc-director-approval-2021-3","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbc-director-approval-2021","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-described-2023-1","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-described-2023","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-described-2023-2","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-described-2023","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-described-2023-3","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-described-2023","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors-1","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2023-03-31"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors-2","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2023-03-31"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors-3","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors-4","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2025-07-03"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-removes-directors-1","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-removes-directors","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2025-07-03"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-removes-directors-2","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-removes-directors","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2023-03-31"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-class-t-consent-1","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-class-t-consent","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2025-07-03"},{"id":"evidence-cs-anthropic-ltbt-class-t-consent-2","claimId":"cs-anthropic-ltbt-class-t-consent","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2025-07-03"},{"id":"evidence-prov-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21-class-t-phase-in-1","claimId":"prov-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21-class-t-phase-in","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21"},{"id":"evidence-prov-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21-class-t-phase-in-2","claimId":"prov-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21-class-t-phase-in","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21"},{"id":"evidence-prov-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21-class-t-phase-in-3","claimId":"prov-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21-class-t-phase-in","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2023-03-31"},{"id":"evidence-prov-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in-1","claimId":"prov-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29"},{"id":"evidence-prov-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in-2","claimId":"prov-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29"},{"id":"evidence-prov-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in-3","claimId":"prov-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2025-07-03"},{"id":"evidence-provchange-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in-1","claimId":"provchange-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29"},{"id":"evidence-provchange-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in-2","claimId":"provchange-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in","sourceId":"source-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21"},{"id":"evidence-cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024-1","claimId":"cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024","sourceId":"source-anthropic-kreps-2024"},{"id":"evidence-cs-hastings-anthropic-board-2025-1","claimId":"cs-hastings-anthropic-board-2025","sourceId":"source-anthropic-hastings-2025"},{"id":"evidence-cs-narasimhan-anthropic-board-2026-1","claimId":"cs-narasimhan-anthropic-board-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-narasimhan-2026"},{"id":"evidence-cs-narasimhan-anthropic-board-2026-2","claimId":"cs-narasimhan-anthropic-board-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-narasimhan-2026"},{"id":"evidence-cs-christiano-anthropic-ltbt-trustee-1","claimId":"cs-christiano-anthropic-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"evidence-cs-christiano-anthropic-ltbt-trustee-2","claimId":"cs-christiano-anthropic-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"evidence-christiano-openai-affiliation-2017","claimId":"christiano-openai-affiliation-2017","sourceId":"source-human-preferences-paper-v1"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-abbeel-openai-2016","claimId":"lg-oai-abbeel-openai-2016","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-abbeel-zilis-2016"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-zilis-openai-advisor-2016","claimId":"lg-oai-zilis-openai-advisor-2016","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-abbeel-zilis-2016"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-adam-dangelo-nonprofit-board-2019","claimId":"lg-oai-adam-dangelo-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-adam-dangelo-nonprofit-board-2019-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-adam-dangelo-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-greg-brockman-nonprofit-board-2019","claimId":"lg-oai-greg-brockman-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-greg-brockman-nonprofit-board-2019-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-greg-brockman-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-holden-karnofsky-nonprofit-board-2019","claimId":"lg-oai-holden-karnofsky-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-holden-karnofsky-nonprofit-board-2019-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-holden-karnofsky-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-ilya-sutskever-nonprofit-board-2019","claimId":"lg-oai-ilya-sutskever-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-ilya-sutskever-nonprofit-board-2019-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-ilya-sutskever-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-reid-hoffman-nonprofit-board-2019","claimId":"lg-oai-reid-hoffman-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-reid-hoffman-nonprofit-board-2019-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-reid-hoffman-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-sam-altman-nonprofit-board-2019","claimId":"lg-oai-sam-altman-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-sam-altman-nonprofit-board-2019-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-sam-altman-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-shivon-zilis-nonprofit-board-2019","claimId":"lg-oai-shivon-zilis-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-shivon-zilis-nonprofit-board-2019-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-shivon-zilis-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-tasha-mccauley-nonprofit-board-2019","claimId":"lg-oai-tasha-mccauley-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-tasha-mccauley-nonprofit-board-2019-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-tasha-mccauley-nonprofit-board-2019","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-hurd-board-2021","claimId":"lg-oai-hurd-board-2021","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-hurd-2021"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-hurd-board-2021-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-hurd-board-2021","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-hurd-board-2021-governed","claimId":"lg-oai-hurd-board-2021","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"lg-ev-goo-kaiser-openai-2021","claimId":"lg-goo-kaiser-openai-2021","sourceId":"lg-src-goo-codex-v1"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-toner-board-2021","claimId":"lg-oai-toner-board-2021","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-toner-2021"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-toner-board-2021-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-toner-board-2021","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-toner-board-2021-governed","claimId":"lg-oai-toner-board-2021","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-brockman-president-2022","claimId":"lg-oai-brockman-president-2022","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2022"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-lightcap-coo-2022-1","claimId":"lg-oai-lightcap-coo-2022","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2022"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-lightcap-coo-2022-2","claimId":"lg-oai-lightcap-coo-2022","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-murati-cto-2022","claimId":"lg-oai-murati-cto-2022","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2022"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-murati-cto-2022-18-months","claimId":"lg-oai-murati-cto-2022","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2022"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-razavi-board-2023-1","claimId":"lg-ant-razavi-board-2023","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-series-c-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-razavi-board-2023-2","claimId":"lg-ant-razavi-board-2023","sourceId":"source-anthropic-kreps-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-razavi-board-2023-3","claimId":"lg-ant-razavi-board-2023","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-company-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-bahl-ltbt-trustee-1","claimId":"lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-matheny-ltbt-trustee-1","claimId":"lg-ant-matheny-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-robinson-ltbt-trustee-1","claimId":"lg-ant-robinson-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2023","claimId":"lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2023","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-madry-preparedness-2023-1","claimId":"lg-oai-madry-preparedness-2023","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-preparedness-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-madry-preparedness-2023-2","claimId":"lg-oai-madry-preparedness-2023","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-ssc-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-helen-toner-board-2023","claimId":"lg-oai-helen-toner-board-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-leadership"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-helen-toner-board-2023-new-board","claimId":"lg-oai-helen-toner-board-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-tasha-mccauley-board-2023","claimId":"lg-oai-tasha-mccauley-board-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-leadership"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-tasha-mccauley-board-2023-new-board","claimId":"lg-oai-tasha-mccauley-board-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-shear-interim-ceo-2023-1","claimId":"lg-oai-shear-interim-ceo-2023","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-shear-x-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-shear-interim-ceo-2023-2","claimId":"lg-oai-shear-interim-ceo-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-murati-cto-return-2023","claimId":"lg-oai-murati-cto-return-2023","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-return"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-matheny-ltbt-departure-2023","claimId":"lg-ant-matheny-ltbt-departure-2023","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-matheny-ltbt-departure-2023-initial","claimId":"lg-ant-matheny-ltbt-departure-2023","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-gc-yao-shunyu-openai-2024","claimId":"lg-gc-yao-shunyu-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gc-cls-tencent-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gc-yao-shunyu-openai-home","claimId":"lg-gc-yao-shunyu-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gc-yao-shunyu-home"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-karpathy-departure-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-karpathy-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-karpathy-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-fidji-simo-board-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-fidji-simo-board-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-board-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-nicole-seligman-board-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-nicole-seligman-board-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-board-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024-1","claimId":"lg-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-board-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024-2","claimId":"lg-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-review-completed-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-kokotajlo-openai-departure-2024-bi","claimId":"lg-gs-kokotajlo-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-bi-kokotajlo-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-kokotajlo-openai-departure-2024-team","claimId":"lg-gs-kokotajlo-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-bi-kokotajlo-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-kokotajlo-openai-departure-2024-profile","claimId":"lg-gs-kokotajlo-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-kokotajlo-lw-profile"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-krieger-cpo-2024","claimId":"lg-ant-krieger-cpo-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-krieger-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-krieger-cpo-2024-labs","claimId":"lg-ant-krieger-cpo-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-labs-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-leike-departure-2024-1","claimId":"lg-oai-leike-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leike-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-leike-departure-2024-2","claimId":"lg-oai-leike-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leike-priorities-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-rao-cfo-2024","claimId":"lg-ant-rao-cfo-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-rao-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-leike-joins-2024","claimId":"lg-ant-leike-joins-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leike-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-schulman-head-of-alignment-science-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-schulman-head-of-alignment-science-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-ssc-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-weng-head-of-safety-systems-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-weng-head-of-safety-systems-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-ssc-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-muehlhauser-board-departure-2024","claimId":"lg-ant-muehlhauser-board-departure-2024","sourceId":"source-anthropic-kreps-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-friar-cfo-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-friar-cfo-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-cfo-cpo-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-weil-cpo-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-weil-cpo-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-cfo-cpo-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-nakasone-board-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-nakasone-board-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-nakasone-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-nakasone-board-2024-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-nakasone-board-2024","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-nakasone-board-2024-governed","claimId":"lg-oai-nakasone-board-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-candela-openai-preparedness-2024","claimId":"lg-gs-candela-openai-preparedness-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-engadget-preparedness-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-candela-openai-preparedness-2024-role","claimId":"lg-gs-candela-openai-preparedness-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-engadget-preparedness-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-candela-openai-preparedness-2024-obsolete","claimId":"lg-gs-candela-openai-preparedness-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-obsolete-candela-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-weng-openai-preparedness-2024","claimId":"lg-gs-weng-openai-preparedness-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-engadget-preparedness-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-weng-openai-preparedness-2024-role","claimId":"lg-gs-weng-openai-preparedness-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-engadget-preparedness-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-madry-openai-reassigned-2024","claimId":"lg-gs-madry-openai-reassigned-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-cnbc-madry-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-madry-openai-reassigned-2024-statement","claimId":"lg-gs-madry-openai-reassigned-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-cnbc-madry-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-schulman-joins-2024-1","claimId":"lg-ant-schulman-joins-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-schulman-tc-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-schulman-joins-2024-2","claimId":"lg-ant-schulman-joins-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-schulman-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-schulman-departure-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-schulman-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-schulman-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-schulman-departure-2024-title","claimId":"lg-oai-schulman-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-ssc-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-kolter-board-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-kolter-board-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-kolter-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-kolter-board-2024-inc","claimId":"lg-oai-kolter-board-2024","sourceId":"source-atlas-openai-lp"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-kolter-board-2024-governed","claimId":"lg-oai-kolter-board-2024","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","claimId":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-tc-mcgrew-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024-self","claimId":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-oai-chief-futurist-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024-brundage","claimId":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-mission-alignment-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-brundage-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-mcgrew-departure-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-mcgrew-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-tc-mcgrew-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-murati-departure-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-murati-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-tc-murati-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-markchen-research-lead-2024-1","claimId":"lg-oai-markchen-research-lead-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-markchen-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-markchen-research-lead-2024-2","claimId":"lg-oai-markchen-research-lead-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-tc-mcgrew-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-zoph-departure-2024-1","claimId":"lg-oai-zoph-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-zoph-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-zoph-departure-2024-2","claimId":"lg-oai-zoph-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-tc-mcgrew-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024-title","claimId":"lg-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-brundage-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024","claimId":"lg-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-brundage-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024-role","claimId":"lg-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-brundage-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024-reason","claimId":"lg-gs-brundage-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-brundage-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-weng-departure-2024","claimId":"lg-oai-weng-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-weng-x-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-weng-departure-2024-title","claimId":"lg-oai-weng-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-ssc-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024","claimId":"lg-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-campbell-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024-team","claimId":"lg-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-campbell-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024-reason","claimId":"lg-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-campbell-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024-mission","claimId":"lg-gs-campbell-openai-departure-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-campbell-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-ogunlesi-board-2025","claimId":"lg-oai-ogunlesi-board-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-ogunlesi-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-ogunlesi-board-2025-structure","claimId":"lg-oai-ogunlesi-board-2025","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-schulman-departure-2025-1","claimId":"lg-ant-schulman-departure-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-schulman-tc-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-schulman-departure-2025-2","claimId":"lg-ant-schulman-departure-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-schulman-tc-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-sharma-anthropic-safeguards-research-2025","claimId":"lg-gs-sharma-anthropic-safeguards-research-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-ant-safeguards-research-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-sharma-anthropic-safeguards-research-2025-new","claimId":"lg-gs-sharma-anthropic-safeguards-research-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-ant-safeguards-research-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-sharma-anthropic-safeguards-research-2025-index","claimId":"lg-gs-sharma-anthropic-safeguards-research-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-ant-alignment-blog-index"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-fedus-openai-departure-2025","claimId":"lg-gw-fedus-openai-departure-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-fedus-x-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-fedus-openai-departure-2025-tc","claimId":"lg-gw-fedus-openai-departure-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-tc-fedus-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-markchen-cro-2025","claimId":"lg-oai-markchen-cro-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-villagra-cpo-2025","claimId":"lg-oai-villagra-cpo-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-leadership-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-villagra-cpo-2025-kc","claimId":"lg-oai-villagra-cpo-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-kc-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-candela-preparedness-stepdown-2025","claimId":"lg-gs-candela-preparedness-stepdown-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-obsolete-candela-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-candela-preparedness-stepdown-2025-name","claimId":"lg-gs-candela-preparedness-stepdown-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-obsolete-candela-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-heidecke-openai-safety-systems-2025","claimId":"lg-gs-heidecke-openai-safety-systems-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-scai-heidecke-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-heidecke-openai-safety-systems-2025-wired","claimId":"lg-gs-heidecke-openai-safety-systems-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-wired-heidecke-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-fontaine-ltbt-trustee-1","claimId":"lg-ant-fontaine-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-fontaine-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-fontaine-ltbt-trustee-2","claimId":"lg-ant-fontaine-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-fontaine-ltbt-trustee-3","claimId":"lg-ant-fontaine-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-company-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-simo-ceo-applications-2025","claimId":"lg-oai-simo-ceo-applications-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-simo-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-simo-ceo-applications-2025-transition","claimId":"lg-oai-simo-ceo-applications-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-simo-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-simo-ceo-applications-2025-remain","claimId":"lg-oai-simo-ceo-applications-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-simo-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-candela-openai-recruiting-2025","claimId":"lg-gs-candela-openai-recruiting-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-candela-x-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-ive-design-2025","claimId":"lg-oai-ive-design-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-io-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-smith-cco-announced-2025","claimId":"lg-ant-smith-cco-announced-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-smith-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-raji-cto-applications-2025","claimId":"lg-oai-raji-cto-applications-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-statsig-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-simo-ceo-applications-snapshot-2025","claimId":"lg-oai-simo-ceo-applications-snapshot-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-statsig-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-patil-cto-2025","claimId":"lg-ant-patil-cto-2025","sourceId":"source-anthropic-cto-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-dresser-cro-2025","claimId":"lg-oai-dresser-cro-2025","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-dresser-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026-initial","claimId":"lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-trustee-1","claimId":"lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-trustee-2","claimId":"lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-cuellar-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-trustee-company-page","claimId":"lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-trustee","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-company-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-robinson-ltbt-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-robinson-ltbt-departure-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-robinson-ltbt-departure-2026-initial","claimId":"lg-ant-robinson-ltbt-departure-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-krieger-labs-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-krieger-labs-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-labs-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-vora-product-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-vora-product-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-labs-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-new-metz-openai-return-2026","claimId":"lg-new-metz-openai-return-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-new-simo-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-new-zoph-openai-return-2026","claimId":"lg-new-zoph-openai-return-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-new-simo-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-scandinaro-preparedness-2026-1","claimId":"lg-oai-scandinaro-preparedness-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-sama-scandinaro-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-scandinaro-preparedness-2026-2","claimId":"lg-oai-scandinaro-preparedness-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-scandinaro-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-sharma-anthropic-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-gs-sharma-anthropic-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-sharma-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-sharma-anthropic-departure-2026-role","claimId":"lg-gs-sharma-anthropic-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-ant-safeguards-research-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-chief-futurist-2026","claimId":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-chief-futurist-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-oai-chief-futurist-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-liddell-board-2026-1","claimId":"lg-ant-liddell-board-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-liddell-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-liddell-board-2026-2","claimId":"lg-ant-liddell-board-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-company-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-kc-cpo-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-kc-cpo-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-kc-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-clark-head-public-benefit-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-clark-head-public-benefit-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-institute-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-clark-institute-lead-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-clark-institute-lead-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-institute-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-heck-public-policy-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-heck-public-policy-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-institute-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-makanju-openai-foundation-2026","claimId":"lg-gs-makanju-openai-foundation-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-foundation-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-zaremba-foundation-resilience-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-zaremba-foundation-resilience-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-foundation-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-weil-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-weil-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-weil-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-mx-xai-into-spacex-announced-2026","claimId":"lg-mx-xai-into-spacex-announced-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-mx-musk-xai-dissolve"},{"id":"lg-ev-goo-shazeer-openai-2026","claimId":"lg-goo-shazeer-openai-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-goo-x-shazeer-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-heidecke-openai-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-gs-heidecke-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-wired-heidecke-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-mx-xai-spacexai-name-2026","claimId":"lg-mx-xai-spacexai-name-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-mx-spacexai-rebrand"},{"id":"lg-ev-mx-xai-spacexai-name-2026-musk","claimId":"lg-mx-xai-spacexai-name-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-mx-musk-xai-dissolve"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-achiam-openai-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-gs-achiam-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-wired-achiam-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-bernanke-ltbt-trustee-2026-1","claimId":"lg-ant-bernanke-ltbt-trustee-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-bernanke-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-bernanke-ltbt-trustee-2026-2","claimId":"lg-ant-bernanke-ltbt-trustee-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-ltbt-2023"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-bernanke-ltbt-trustee-2026-company-page","claimId":"lg-ant-bernanke-ltbt-trustee-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-company-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-1","claimId":"lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-bernanke-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-2","claimId":"lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026","sourceId":"source-anthropic-kreps-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-3","claimId":"lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-fontaine-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026-4","claimId":"lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-company-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-simo-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-simo-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-simo-x-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-simo-departure-2026-title","claimId":"lg-oai-simo-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-simo-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-glaese-openai-head-of-alignment-2026","claimId":"lg-gs-glaese-openai-head-of-alignment-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-wired-heidecke-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-glaese-openai-research-safety-2026","claimId":"lg-gs-glaese-openai-research-safety-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-wired-heidecke-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-jain-openai-interim-safety-systems-2026","claimId":"lg-gs-jain-openai-interim-safety-systems-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-wired-heidecke-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-david-velez-foundation-board-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-david-velez-foundation-board-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-velez-vince-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-david-velez-pbc-board-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-david-velez-pbc-board-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-velez-vince-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-robin-vince-foundation-board-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-robin-vince-foundation-board-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-velez-vince-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-robin-vince-pbc-board-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-robin-vince-pbc-board-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-velez-vince-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-taylor-pbc-chair-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-taylor-pbc-chair-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-velez-vince-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-weng-openai-return-2026-a","claimId":"lg-gw-weng-openai-return-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-tc-weng-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-gw-weng-openai-return-2026-b","claimId":"lg-gw-weng-openai-return-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-gw-tc-weng-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-cgao-announced-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-cuellar-cgao-announced-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-cuellar-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-cuellar-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026-company-page","claimId":"lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-company-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-dresser-departure-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-dresser-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-rajic-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-dresser-departure-2026-title","claimId":"lg-oai-dresser-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-dresser-2025"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-rajic-cro-2026","claimId":"lg-oai-rajic-cro-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-rajic-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-brown-chief-compute-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-brown-chief-compute-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-cuellar-cgao-leadership-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-cuellar-cgao-leadership-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-daniela-board-chair-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-daniela-board-chair-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-dario-ceo-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-dario-ceo-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-de-marigny-cbco-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-de-marigny-cbco-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-israel-clo-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-israel-clo-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-olah-interpretability-lead-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-olah-interpretability-lead-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-pritchett-people-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-pritchett-people-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-smith-cco-leadership-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-smith-cco-leadership-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-vora-cpo-leadership-2026","claimId":"lg-ant-vora-cpo-leadership-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-leadership-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-kolter-pbc-observer","claimId":"lg-oai-kolter-pbc-observer","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"lg-ev-oai-kolter-pbc-observer-second","claimId":"lg-oai-kolter-pbc-observer","sourceId":"source-openai-our-structure"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-mann-openai-prior","claimId":"lg-ant-mann-openai-prior","sourceId":"source-anthropic-reinvent-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-ant-mccandlish-openai-safety-lead-prior","claimId":"lg-ant-mccandlish-openai-safety-lead-prior","sourceId":"source-anthropic-reinvent-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-brundage-openai-policy-research-head","claimId":"lg-gs-brundage-openai-policy-research-head","sourceId":"lg-src-gs-brundage-leaving-2024"},{"id":"lg-ev-gs-makanju-openai-global-impact-prior","claimId":"lg-gs-makanju-openai-global-impact-prior","sourceId":"lg-src-oai-foundation-2026"},{"id":"evidence-cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024-company-2026","claimId":"cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024","sourceId":"lg-src-ant-company-2026"},{"id":"lg-ev-deal-luan-openai-engineering-prior","claimId":"lg-deal-luan-openai-engineering-prior","sourceId":"lg-src-deal-adept-intro-2022"},{"id":"pp-ev-er-muehlhauser-anthropic-board-2024-1","claimId":"pp-er-muehlhauser-anthropic-board-2024","sourceId":"source-anthropic-kreps-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-kilpatrick-openai-devrel-prior","claimId":"lg2-oa-kilpatrick-openai-devrel-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-qz-kilpatrick-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-xa-kosic-openai-rejoined-2024","claimId":"lg2-xa-kosic-openai-rejoined-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-fortune-kosic-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-bubeck-openai-2024","claimId":"lg2-oa-bubeck-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-maginative-bubeck-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-bubeck-openai-2024-bloomberg","claimId":"lg2-oa-bubeck-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-bloomberg-bubeck-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-brockman-openai-return-2024","claimId":"lg2-oa-brockman-openai-return-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-brockman-return-x-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-beyer-openai-2024-1","claimId":"lg2-oa-beyer-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-heise-zurich-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-beyer-openai-2024-2","claimId":"lg2-oa-beyer-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-heise-zurich-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-kolesnikov-openai-2024","claimId":"lg2-oa-kolesnikov-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-heise-zurich-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-kolesnikov-openai-2024-2","claimId":"lg2-oa-kolesnikov-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-heise-zurich-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-zhai-openai-2024","claimId":"lg2-oa-zhai-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-heise-zurich-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-zhai-openai-2024-2","claimId":"lg2-oa-zhai-openai-2024","sourceId":"lg2-src-heise-zurich-2024"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-carlini-anthropic-2025","claimId":"lg2-oa-carlini-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-carlini-career-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-houlsby-anthropic-zurich-2025","claimId":"lg2-oa-houlsby-anthropic-zurich-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-anthropic-emea-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-karnofsky-anthropic-mts-2025-1","claimId":"lg2-oa-karnofsky-anthropic-mts-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-80k-karnofsky-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-karnofsky-anthropic-mts-2025-2","claimId":"lg2-oa-karnofsky-anthropic-mts-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-80k-karnofsky-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-xa-ruddarraju-openai-compute-2025","claimId":"lg2-xa-ruddarraju-openai-compute-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-dcd-ruddarraju-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-dl-burgess-anthropic-tc","claimId":"lg2-dl-burgess-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-tc-humanloop-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-dl-burgess-anthropic-humanloop","claimId":"lg2-dl-burgess-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-humanloop-joins-anthropic"},{"id":"lg2-ev-dl-burgess-anthropic-spokesperson","claimId":"lg2-dl-burgess-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-tc-humanloop-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-dl-habib-anthropic-tc","claimId":"lg2-dl-habib-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-tc-humanloop-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-dl-habib-anthropic-humanloop","claimId":"lg2-dl-habib-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-humanloop-joins-anthropic"},{"id":"lg2-ev-dl-habib-anthropic-spokesperson","claimId":"lg2-dl-habib-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-tc-humanloop-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-dl-hayes-anthropic-tc","claimId":"lg2-dl-hayes-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-tc-humanloop-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-dl-hayes-anthropic-humanloop","claimId":"lg2-dl-hayes-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-humanloop-joins-anthropic"},{"id":"lg2-ev-dl-hayes-anthropic-spokesperson","claimId":"lg2-dl-hayes-anthropic-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-tc-humanloop-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-xa-liberatore-openai-bfo-2025","claimId":"lg2-xa-liberatore-openai-bfo-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-cfodive-liberatore-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-xa-liberatore-openai-bfo-2025-reports","claimId":"lg2-xa-liberatore-openai-bfo-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-cfodive-liberatore-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-katti-openai-2025-1","claimId":"lg2-oa-katti-openai-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-brockman-katti-x-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-katti-openai-2025-2","claimId":"lg2-oa-katti-openai-2025","sourceId":"lg2-src-tomshw-katti-2025"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-tworek-openai-departure-2026","claimId":"lg2-oa-tworek-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-trendforce-tworek-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-tworek-openai-departure-2026-x","claimId":"lg2-oa-tworek-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-tworek-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-adm-tworek-note","claimId":"lg2-oa-tworek-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-tworek-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-schoenholz-openai-return-2026","claimId":"lg2-oa-schoenholz-openai-return-2026","sourceId":"lg-src-new-simo-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-vallone-anthropic-2026-1","claimId":"lg2-oa-vallone-anthropic-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-decoder-vallone-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-vallone-anthropic-2026-2","claimId":"lg2-oa-vallone-anthropic-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-decoder-vallone-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-steinberger-openai-2026-1","claimId":"lg2-oa-steinberger-openai-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-steinberger-blog-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-steinberger-openai-2026-2","claimId":"lg2-oa-steinberger-openai-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-sama-steinberger-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-schwarzer-anthropic-2026","claimId":"lg2-oa-schwarzer-anthropic-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-e4m-schwarzer-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-schwarzer-anthropic-2026-x","claimId":"lg2-oa-schwarzer-anthropic-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-schwarzer-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-adm-schwarzer-anthropic","claimId":"lg2-oa-schwarzer-anthropic-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-schwarzer-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-schwarzer-openai-departure-2026-1","claimId":"lg2-oa-schwarzer-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-schwarzer-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-schwarzer-openai-departure-2026-2","claimId":"lg2-oa-schwarzer-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-e4m-schwarzer-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-karpathy-anthropic-2026","claimId":"lg2-oa-karpathy-anthropic-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-karpathy-anthropic-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-ball-openai-strategic-futures-2026","claimId":"lg2-oa-ball-openai-strategic-futures-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-ball-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-jumper-anthropic-2026","claimId":"lg2-oa-jumper-anthropic-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-jumper-x-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-ruddarraju-openai-cto-compute-2026","claimId":"lg2-oa-ruddarraju-openai-cto-compute-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-e4m-ruddarraju-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-ruddarraju-openai-cto-compute-2026-cnbc","claimId":"lg2-oa-ruddarraju-openai-cto-compute-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-cnbc-katti-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-katti-openai-departure-2026-cnbc","claimId":"lg2-oa-katti-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-cnbc-katti-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-katti-openai-departure-2026-cnbc-date","claimId":"lg2-oa-katti-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-cnbc-katti-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-adm-katti-li","claimId":"lg2-oa-katti-openai-departure-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-katti-li-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-ruddarraju-openai-compute-lead-2026-cnbc","claimId":"lg2-oa-ruddarraju-openai-compute-lead-2026","sourceId":"lg2-src-cnbc-katti-2026"},{"id":"lg2-ev-nl-linden-li-openai-researcher-prior","claimId":"lg2-nl-linden-li-openai-researcher-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-appliedcompute-specific"},{"id":"lg2-ev-nl-linden-li-openai-researcher-prior-b","claimId":"lg2-nl-linden-li-openai-researcher-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-appliedcompute-specific"},{"id":"lg2-ev-nl-linden-li-openai-researcher-prior-c","claimId":"lg2-nl-linden-li-openai-researcher-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-tc-appliedcompute"},{"id":"lg2-ev-nl-rhythm-garg-openai-researcher-prior","claimId":"lg2-nl-rhythm-garg-openai-researcher-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-appliedcompute-specific"},{"id":"lg2-ev-nl-rhythm-garg-openai-researcher-prior-b","claimId":"lg2-nl-rhythm-garg-openai-researcher-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-appliedcompute-specific"},{"id":"lg2-ev-nl-rhythm-garg-openai-researcher-prior-c","claimId":"lg2-nl-rhythm-garg-openai-researcher-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-tc-appliedcompute"},{"id":"lg2-ev-nl-yash-patil-openai-researcher-prior","claimId":"lg2-nl-yash-patil-openai-researcher-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-appliedcompute-specific"},{"id":"lg2-ev-nl-yash-patil-openai-researcher-prior-b","claimId":"lg2-nl-yash-patil-openai-researcher-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-appliedcompute-specific"},{"id":"lg2-ev-nl-yash-patil-openai-researcher-prior-c","claimId":"lg2-nl-yash-patil-openai-researcher-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-tc-appliedcompute"},{"id":"lg2-ev-oa-vallone-openai-model-policy-prior","claimId":"lg2-oa-vallone-openai-model-policy-prior","sourceId":"lg2-src-decoder-vallone-2026"}],"at":{"entities":[0,1,2,3,9,10,13,14,15,16,17,30,31,32,33,39,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,76,84,85,92,106,110,121,122,123,124,135,148,149,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,613,614,618,626,630,633,636,637,638,639,640,641,647,651,655,657,658,659,663,667,670,680,681,682,695,703,706,708,710,711,714,720,722,723,727,729,732,733,734,738,739,742,744,745,748,751,753,755,763,764,769,772,774,777,779,781,784,787,788,789,797,801,804,807,817,821,830,831,838,845,1447,2004,2007,2026,2050,2053,2063,2064,2065,2070,2078,2082,2085,2089,2090,2094,2095,2104,2105,2107,2120,2123,2126],"claims":[0,1,2,5,6,9,10,28,29,32,33,35,36,40,43,51,140,145,146,149,151,152,154,157,159,161,162,163,164,165,167,168,169,170,171,172,176,257,278,279,280,281,282,283,321,322,626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,1478,1579,1580,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1614,1615,1616,1624,1625,1626,1649,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1672,1674,1675,1676,1677,1684,1687,1689,1692,1693,1694,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1706,1707,1708,1715,1716,1718,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1733,1734,1737,1743,1745,1746,1752,1753,1754,1759,1760,1761,1762,1767,1787,1796,1800,1801,1804,1816,1828,1829,1830,1832,1833,1837,1838,1844,1845,1847,1850,1851,1856,1857,1858,1860,1861,1865,1866,1872,1873,1875,1876,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1892,1893,1894,1900,1901,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1929,1932,1933,1974,1975,2041,3479,5550,5562,5581,5585,5589,5590,5591,5599,5607,5620,5622,5628,5629,5630,5647,5665,5684,5692,5694,5712,5714,5715,5727,5729,5730,5734,5739,5740,5775,5778,5781,5784],"sources":[0,2,4,15,17,18,19,20,23,25,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,82,83,92,112,121,122,123,124,125,142,143,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,231,563,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,613,624,630,648,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,660,661,662,664,665,667,668,671,686,690,705,709,730,737,738,740,741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,1893,1896,1904,1905,1906,1910,1911,1914,1915,1919,1926,1932,1933,1945,1946,1957,1958,1960,1971,1972,1974,1975,1980,1983,1984,1987,1988,1993,2001,2002],"evidence":[0,1,2,5,6,9,10,30,31,34,35,37,38,42,45,53,159,164,165,168,170,171,173,176,178,180,181,182,183,184,186,187,188,189,190,191,195,278,299,300,301,302,303,304,343,344,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,805,806,807,808,809,810,811,812,813,814,815,816,817,818,819,820,821,822,823,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,1844,1976,1977,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2029,2030,2031,2032,2033,2034,2035,2047,2048,2049,2050,2051,2077,2078,2079,2091,2092,2093,2094,2095,2096,2097,2098,2099,2100,2101,2102,2103,2104,2105,2107,2108,2110,2111,2112,2113,2114,2125,2126,2127,2130,2131,2134,2135,2138,2139,2140,2146,2147,2148,2149,2150,2151,2152,2160,2161,2162,2163,2164,2165,2166,2177,2178,2179,2180,2182,2183,2184,2198,2199,2200,2201,2202,2203,2204,2205,2206,2211,2212,2213,2214,2215,2216,2221,2222,2223,2224,2233,2234,2236,2237,2238,2239,2240,2249,2250,2251,2252,2253,2258,2259,2260,2261,2262,2263,2264,2265,2266,2267,2273,2295,2310,2316,2317,2321,2335,2347,2348,2349,2350,2351,2352,2353,2356,2357,2363,2364,2372,2373,2374,2375,2378,2383,2384,2385,2393,2394,2395,2398,2399,2406,2407,2413,2414,2416,2417,2418,2421,2422,2423,2424,2425,2426,2427,2428,2429,2430,2431,2432,2434,2435,2436,2437,2438,2442,2443,2444,2445,2446,2459,2460,2461,2466,2467,2468,2469,2470,2471,2472,2473,2474,2475,2492,2493,2496,2497,2551,2552,2634,2639,4796,7526,7539,7567,7568,7576,7582,7583,7584,7585,7586,7587,7595,7611,7631,7632,7634,7643,7644,7645,7646,7647,7648,7649,7650,7651,7669,7670,7701,7702,7731,7732,7733,7741,7744,7745,7774,7775,7777,7778,7779,7780,7781,7794,7797,7798,7804,7805,7813,7814,7815,7816,7863,7864,7865,7873,7874,7875,7882,7883,7884,7889]},"index":{"byClaim":[["dario-anthropic-2021",["question:anthropic-formation"]],["daniela-anthropic-2021",["question:anthropic-formation"]],["dario-openai-vp-2020",["question:anthropic-formation"]],["dario-openai-departure-announced-2020",["question:anthropic-formation"]],["daniela-openai-safety-prior",["question:anthropic-formation"]],["olah-openai-interpretability-prior",["question:anthropic-formation"]],["altman-openai-2015",["control:openai"]],["musk-openai-2015",["control:openai"]],["musk-openai-board-departure-2018",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-990-2019-gp-llc-controls-lp",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-990-2019-inc-controls-gp-llc",["control:openai"]],["atlas-openai-lp",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-lp-announced-2019",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-lp-board-control-2019",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-adam-dangelo-nonprofit-board-2019",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-greg-brockman-nonprofit-board-2019",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-holden-karnofsky-nonprofit-board-2019",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-ilya-sutskever-nonprofit-board-2019",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-reid-hoffman-nonprofit-board-2019",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-sam-altman-nonprofit-board-2019",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-shivon-zilis-nonprofit-board-2019",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-tasha-mccauley-nonprofit-board-2019",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-hurd-board-2021",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-toner-board-2021",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-lp-to-opco-2023",["control:openai"]],["atlas-altman-departure",["control:openai"]],["cs-altman-board-departure-2023",["control:openai"]],["cs-brockman-chair-departure-2023",["control:openai"]],["atlas-altman-return",["control:openai"]],["cs-dangelo-initial-board-2023",["control:openai"]],["cs-summers-initial-board-2023",["control:openai"]],["cs-sutskever-board-departure-2023",["control:openai"]],["cs-taylor-chair-initial-board-2023",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-990-2024-gp-llc-controls-global",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024",["control:openai"]],["cs-altman-board-return-2024",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-fidji-simo-board-2024",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-nicole-seligman-board-2024",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-nakasone-board-2024",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-kolter-board-2024",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-structure-plan-2024",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-ogunlesi-board-2025",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco",["control:openai"]],["atlas-openai-pbc-plan",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-nonprofit-retains-control-2025",["control:openai"]],["atlas-openai-recapitalization",["control:openai"]],["cs-delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-foundation-elects-pbc-directors",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-foundation-pre-approval-pbc",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-foundation-removes-pbc-directors",["control:openai"]],["cs-openai-group-pbc-legal-form-2025",["control:openai"]],["prov-delaware-ag-nfp-control",["control:openai"]],["prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority",["control:openai"]],["prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-elections",["control:openai"]],["prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-pre-approval",["control:openai"]],["prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-director-removal",["control:openai"]],["prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-safety-mission",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-david-velez-foundation-board-2026",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-david-velez-pbc-board-2026",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-robin-vince-foundation-board-2026",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-robin-vince-pbc-board-2026",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-taylor-pbc-chair-2026",["control:openai"]],["cs-christiano-openai-foundation-board-2026",["control:openai"]],["lg-oai-kolter-pbc-observer",["control:openai"]],["cs-anthropic-legal-form-2021",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-anthropic-ltbc-director-approval-2021",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-razavi-board-2023",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-anthropic-ltbt-described-2023",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-trustee",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-matheny-ltbt-trustee",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-robinson-ltbt-trustee",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2023",["control:anthropic"]],["prov-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21-class-t-phase-in",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-matheny-ltbt-departure-2023",["control:anthropic"]],["prov-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in",["control:anthropic"]],["provchange-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-christiano-anthropic-ltbt-trustee",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-muehlhauser-board-departure-2024",["control:anthropic"]],["pp-er-muehlhauser-anthropic-board-2024",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-fontaine-ltbt-trustee",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-hastings-anthropic-board-2025",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-anthropic-legal-form-2025",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-anthropic-ltbt-class-t-consent",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-anthropic-ltbt-removes-directors",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-trustee",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-robinson-ltbt-departure-2026",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-liddell-board-2026",["control:anthropic"]],["cs-narasimhan-anthropic-board-2026",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-bernanke-ltbt-trustee-2026",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026",["control:anthropic"]],["lg-ant-daniela-board-chair-2026",["control:anthropic"]]],"marks":[],"chronicle":{"years":[{"year":1863,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1865,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1872,"topics":{"ideas":7},"stated":0},{"year":1943,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1947,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1950,"topics":{"ideas":7},"stated":0},{"year":1951,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1952,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1955,"topics":{"ideas":31},"stated":0},{"year":1956,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1957,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1958,"topics":{"ideas":3},"stated":0},{"year":1959,"topics":{"ideas":6},"stated":0},{"year":1960,"topics":{"ideas":11},"stated":0},{"year":1961,"topics":{"ideas":10},"stated":0},{"year":1965,"topics":{"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1966,"topics":{"ideas":20},"stated":0},{"year":1968,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1969,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1971,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1972,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1973,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1974,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1975,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1976,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1977,"topics":{"people":2,"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1979,"topics":{"ideas":10},"stated":0},{"year":1980,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1981,"topics":{"people":2},"stated":0},{"year":1982,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1983,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1984,"topics":{"ideas":21},"stated":0},{"year":1985,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":1986,"topics":{"ideas":18},"stated":0},{"year":1987,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1988,"topics":{"ideas":6},"stated":0},{"year":1989,"topics":{"ideas":25},"stated":0},{"year":1990,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":1991,"topics":{"ideas":14},"stated":0},{"year":1992,"topics":{"ideas":15},"stated":0},{"year":1993,"topics":{"ideas":21,"people":3},"stated":0},{"year":1994,"topics":{"ideas":18},"stated":0},{"year":1995,"topics":{"ideas":10,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":1996,"topics":{"ideas":71},"stated":0},{"year":1997,"topics":{"ideas":17},"stated":0},{"year":1998,"topics":{"ideas":50},"stated":0},{"year":1999,"topics":{"ideas":31,"people":1,"institutions":1},"stated":0},{"year":2000,"topics":{"ideas":70},"stated":0},{"year":2001,"topics":{"ideas":52},"stated":0},{"year":2002,"topics":{"ideas":30},"stated":0},{"year":2003,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":2004,"topics":{"ideas":14,"people":3},"stated":0},{"year":2005,"topics":{"ideas":20,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2006,"topics":{"ideas":26,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2007,"topics":{"ideas":21},"stated":0},{"year":2008,"topics":{"ideas":59,"people":3,"institutions":1},"stated":0},{"year":2009,"topics":{"ideas":12,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2010,"topics":{"people":3,"ideas":13,"institutions":1,"governance":4},"stated":0},{"year":2011,"topics":{"people":3,"ideas":15,"institutions":2},"stated":0},{"year":2012,"topics":{"people":4,"ideas":19,"institutions":2},"stated":0},{"year":2013,"topics":{"ideas":52,"people":4,"institutions":2,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2014,"topics":{"institutions":2,"ideas":57,"people":5},"stated":0},{"year":2015,"topics":{"people":23,"ideas":133,"institutions":3,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2016,"topics":{"ideas":88,"people":2},"stated":0},{"year":2017,"topics":{"people":16,"institutions":2,"ideas":130,"governance":2},"stated":0},{"year":2018,"topics":{"people":9,"ideas":159,"institutions":8,"governance":1},"stated":0},{"year":2019,"topics":{"capital":1,"compute":1,"people":11,"governance":19,"ideas":175,"institutions":4},"stated":0},{"year":2020,"topics":{"people":6,"ideas":98,"institutions":1,"governance":2},"stated":0},{"year":2021,"topics":{"people":27,"ideas":177,"compute":1,"institutions":23,"governance":4,"capital":6},"stated":0},{"year":2022,"topics":{"people":15,"ideas":228,"institutions":6,"governance":3,"compute":2,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2023,"topics":{"capital":14,"compute":7,"institutions":24,"people":54,"governance":179,"ideas":409},"stated":0},{"year":2024,"topics":{"capital":31,"compute":19,"governance":282,"people":103,"ideas":180,"institutions":32},"stated":1},{"year":2025,"topics":{"governance":548,"compute":69,"capital":61,"people":145,"institutions":26,"ideas":180},"stated":7},{"year":2026,"topics":{"governance":444,"capital":31,"compute":32,"institutions":23,"ideas":97,"people":139},"stated":19},{"year":2027,"topics":{},"stated":8},{"year":2028,"topics":{},"stated":6},{"year":2029,"topics":{},"stated":3},{"year":2030,"topics":{},"stated":3},{"year":2032,"topics":{},"stated":2},{"year":2035,"topics":{},"stated":2},{"year":2039,"topics":{},"stated":1},{"year":2042,"topics":{},"stated":1},{"year":2050,"topics":{},"stated":1}],"scheduled":[],"statedBy":[]},"collections":[{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"superintelligence"},"title":"Propositions about superintelligence, 1863–2022","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"risk-debate"},"title":"Arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"yudkowsky-arguments"},"title":"Eliezer Yudkowsky’s arguments on common claims about AI, 1996–2026","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"machine-succession"},"title":"Machine succession, scale and acceleration: propositions in located texts, 1979–2026","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"economics-of-machine-intelligence"},"title":"Economics of machine intelligence","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"orbital-compute-arguments"},"title":"Arguments about compute in orbit","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"ai-bio-arguments"},"title":"Arguments about AI and biological risk","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"ai-in-science"},"title":"AI in science","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"documents"},"title":"Frontier safety frameworks","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"compare","id":"frontier-safety-frameworks"},"title":"Compare frameworks","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"control","id":"openai"},"title":"OpenAI’s control structure, 2015–2026","claimIds":["altman-openai-2015","musk-openai-2015","musk-openai-board-departure-2018","cs-openai-990-2019-gp-llc-controls-lp","cs-openai-990-2019-inc-controls-gp-llc","atlas-openai-lp","cs-openai-lp-announced-2019","cs-openai-lp-board-control-2019","lg-oai-adam-dangelo-nonprofit-board-2019","lg-oai-greg-brockman-nonprofit-board-2019","lg-oai-holden-karnofsky-nonprofit-board-2019","lg-oai-ilya-sutskever-nonprofit-board-2019","lg-oai-reid-hoffman-nonprofit-board-2019","lg-oai-sam-altman-nonprofit-board-2019","lg-oai-shivon-zilis-nonprofit-board-2019","lg-oai-tasha-mccauley-nonprofit-board-2019","lg-oai-hurd-board-2021","lg-oai-toner-board-2021","cs-openai-lp-to-opco-2023","atlas-altman-departure","cs-altman-board-departure-2023","cs-brockman-chair-departure-2023","atlas-altman-return","cs-dangelo-initial-board-2023","cs-summers-initial-board-2023","cs-sutskever-board-departure-2023","cs-taylor-chair-initial-board-2023","cs-openai-990-2024-gp-llc-controls-global","cs-openai-inc-legal-form-2024","cs-altman-board-return-2024","lg-oai-fidji-simo-board-2024","lg-oai-nicole-seligman-board-2024","lg-oai-sue-desmond-hellmann-board-2024","lg-oai-nakasone-board-2024","lg-oai-kolter-board-2024","cs-openai-structure-plan-2024","lg-oai-ogunlesi-board-2025","cs-openai-gp-llc-manages-opco","atlas-openai-pbc-plan","cs-openai-nonprofit-retains-control-2025","atlas-openai-recapitalization","cs-delaware-ag-openai-statement-2025","cs-openai-foundation-elects-pbc-directors","cs-openai-foundation-pre-approval-pbc","cs-openai-foundation-removes-pbc-directors","cs-openai-group-pbc-legal-form-2025","prov-delaware-ag-nfp-control","prov-delaware-ag-ssc-authority","prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-elections","prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-class-n-pre-approval","prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-director-removal","prov-openai-group-pbc-cert-safety-mission","lg-oai-david-velez-foundation-board-2026","lg-oai-david-velez-pbc-board-2026","lg-oai-robin-vince-foundation-board-2026","lg-oai-robin-vince-pbc-board-2026","lg-oai-taylor-pbc-chair-2026","cs-christiano-openai-foundation-board-2026","lg-oai-kolter-pbc-observer"]},{"target":{"kind":"control","id":"anthropic"},"title":"Anthropic’s control structure, 2021–2026","claimIds":["cs-anthropic-legal-form-2021","cs-anthropic-ltbc-director-approval-2021","lg-ant-razavi-board-2023","cs-anthropic-ltbt-elects-directors","cs-anthropic-ltbt-described-2023","lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-trustee","lg-ant-matheny-ltbt-trustee","lg-ant-robinson-ltbt-trustee","lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2023","prov-anthropic-coi-2023-09-21-class-t-phase-in","lg-ant-matheny-ltbt-departure-2023","prov-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in","provchange-anthropic-coi-2024-01-29-class-t-phase-in","cs-christiano-anthropic-ltbt-trustee","cs-kreps-anthropic-board-2024","lg-ant-muehlhauser-board-departure-2024","pp-er-muehlhauser-anthropic-board-2024","lg-ant-fontaine-ltbt-trustee","cs-hastings-anthropic-board-2025","cs-anthropic-legal-form-2025","cs-anthropic-ltbt-class-t-consent","cs-anthropic-ltbt-removes-directors","lg-ant-bahl-ltbt-departure-2026","lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-trustee","lg-ant-robinson-ltbt-departure-2026","lg-ant-liddell-board-2026","cs-narasimhan-anthropic-board-2026","lg-ant-bernanke-ltbt-trustee-2026","lg-ant-shah-ltbt-chair-2026","lg-ant-cuellar-ltbt-departure-2026","lg-ant-daniela-board-chair-2026"]},{"target":{"kind":"commitments"},"title":"External commitments and obligations","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"question","id":"frameworks-to-obligations"},"title":"Frameworks, commitments and legal obligations, 2023–2026","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"reading"},"title":"Founding and early leadership","claimIds":["dario-anthropic-2021","daniela-anthropic-2021","dario-openai-vp-2020","dario-openai-departure-announced-2020","daniela-openai-safety-prior","olah-openai-interpretability-prior"]}]},"version":"1e2h0wj"}