{"index":{"byClaim":[["am-u11-bis-wp-930",["propositions:ai-and-money"]]],"marks":[["bis-wp-930",[{"collectionId":"ai-and-money","propositionId":"central-banks-build-ai-capacity","claimId":"am-u11-bis-wp-930","text":"Earliest located in AI and money: what central banks and financial authorities have said, 1997–2026 for J11 Central banks need to build their own AI capacity"}]]],"chronicle":{"years":[{"year":1637,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1843,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1863,"topics":{"ideas":10},"stated":0},{"year":1865,"topics":{"ideas":3},"stated":0},{"year":1872,"topics":{"ideas":12},"stated":0},{"year":1923,"topics":{"ideas":3},"stated":0},{"year":1943,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1947,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1948,"topics":{"ideas":7},"stated":0},{"year":1949,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1950,"topics":{"ideas":13},"stated":0},{"year":1951,"topics":{"ideas":14},"stated":0},{"year":1952,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1955,"topics":{"ideas":32},"stated":0},{"year":1956,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1957,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1958,"topics":{"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1959,"topics":{"ideas":7},"stated":0},{"year":1960,"topics":{"ideas":12},"stated":0},{"year":1961,"topics":{"ideas":14},"stated":0},{"year":1965,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":1966,"topics":{"ideas":21},"stated":0},{"year":1968,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1969,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1971,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1972,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1973,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1974,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1975,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1976,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1977,"topics":{"people":2,"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1979,"topics":{"ideas":10},"stated":0},{"year":1980,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1981,"topics":{"people":2},"stated":0},{"year":1982,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1983,"topics":{"ideas":7},"stated":0},{"year":1984,"topics":{"ideas":21},"stated":0},{"year":1985,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":1986,"topics":{"ideas":18},"stated":0},{"year":1987,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1988,"topics":{"ideas":6},"stated":0},{"year":1989,"topics":{"ideas":26},"stated":0},{"year":1990,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":1991,"topics":{"ideas":14},"stated":0},{"year":1992,"topics":{"ideas":15},"stated":0},{"year":1993,"topics":{"ideas":27,"people":3},"stated":0},{"year":1994,"topics":{"ideas":18},"stated":0},{"year":1995,"topics":{"ideas":10,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":1996,"topics":{"ideas":83},"stated":0},{"year":1997,"topics":{"ideas":20},"stated":0},{"year":1998,"topics":{"ideas":56},"stated":0},{"year":1999,"topics":{"ideas":36,"people":1,"institutions":1},"stated":0},{"year":2000,"topics":{"ideas":78},"stated":0},{"year":2001,"topics":{"ideas":58},"stated":0},{"year":2002,"topics":{"ideas":32},"stated":0},{"year":2003,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":2004,"topics":{"ideas":15,"people":3},"stated":0},{"year":2005,"topics":{"ideas":20,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2006,"topics":{"ideas":26,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2007,"topics":{"ideas":21},"stated":0},{"year":2008,"topics":{"ideas":67,"people":3,"institutions":1},"stated":0},{"year":2009,"topics":{"ideas":13,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2010,"topics":{"people":3,"ideas":14,"institutions":1,"governance":4},"stated":0},{"year":2011,"topics":{"people":3,"ideas":20,"institutions":2},"stated":0},{"year":2012,"topics":{"people":4,"ideas":20,"institutions":2},"stated":0},{"year":2013,"topics":{"ideas":47,"people":4,"institutions":2,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2014,"topics":{"institutions":2,"ideas":63,"people":5},"stated":0},{"year":2015,"topics":{"people":23,"ideas":135,"institutions":3,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2016,"topics":{"ideas":88,"people":2},"stated":0},{"year":2017,"topics":{"people":16,"institutions":3,"ideas":150,"governance":2},"stated":0},{"year":2018,"topics":{"people":9,"ideas":172,"institutions":9,"governance":1},"stated":0},{"year":2019,"topics":{"capital":1,"compute":1,"people":11,"governance":19,"ideas":188,"institutions":5},"stated":0},{"year":2020,"topics":{"people":6,"ideas":99,"institutions":1,"governance":2},"stated":0},{"year":2021,"topics":{"people":27,"ideas":195,"compute":1,"institutions":25,"governance":4,"capital":6},"stated":0},{"year":2022,"topics":{"people":15,"ideas":241,"institutions":8,"governance":3,"compute":2,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2023,"topics":{"capital":14,"compute":7,"institutions":27,"people":55,"governance":239,"ideas":422},"stated":0},{"year":2024,"topics":{"capital":31,"compute":19,"governance":367,"people":103,"ideas":231,"institutions":39},"stated":1},{"year":2025,"topics":{"governance":796,"compute":70,"capital":61,"people":145,"institutions":33,"ideas":215},"stated":7},{"year":2026,"topics":{"governance":619,"capital":30,"compute":33,"institutions":32,"ideas":128,"people":139},"stated":19},{"year":2027,"topics":{},"stated":8},{"year":2028,"topics":{},"stated":6},{"year":2029,"topics":{},"stated":3},{"year":2030,"topics":{},"stated":3},{"year":2032,"topics":{},"stated":2},{"year":2035,"topics":{},"stated":2},{"year":2039,"topics":{},"stated":1},{"year":2042,"topics":{},"stated":1},{"year":2050,"topics":{},"stated":1}],"scheduled":[],"statedBy":[]},"collections":[{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"antecedent-texts"},"title":"Antecedent texts: machine intelligence before 1965","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"superintelligence"},"title":"Propositions about superintelligence, 1863–2025","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"risk-debate"},"title":"Arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI, 1863–2026","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"yudkowsky-arguments"},"title":"Eliezer Yudkowsky’s arguments on common claims about AI, 1996–2026","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"machine-succession"},"title":"Machine succession, scale and acceleration: propositions in located texts, 1863–2026","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"economics-of-machine-intelligence"},"title":"Economics of machine intelligence: texts from 1952 to 2026 that state, contest or bear on its propositions","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"orbital-compute-arguments"},"title":"Arguments about compute in orbit","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"ai-bio-arguments"},"title":"Arguments about AI and biological risk","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"ai-in-science"},"title":"AI in science","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"ai-and-money"},"title":"AI and money: what central banks and financial authorities have said, 1997–2026","claimIds":["am-u11-bis-wp-930"],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"documents"},"title":"Frontier safety frameworks","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"compare","id":"frontier-safety-frameworks"},"title":"Compare frameworks","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"control","id":"openai"},"title":"OpenAI’s control structure, 2015–2026","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"control","id":"anthropic"},"title":"Anthropic’s control structure, 2021–2026","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"commitments"},"title":"External commitments and obligations","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"question","id":"frameworks-to-obligations"},"title":"Frameworks, commitments and legal obligations, 2023–2026","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"reading"},"title":"Founding and early leadership","claimIds":[]}]},"version":"1w72rbb","build":"index-CoKtSxT7.js","packed":1,"at":{"entities":[2233,100],"claims":[6807],"sources":[2113],"evidence":[9379,1]},"records":{"entities":{"n":2,"fields":{"id":["bis-wp-930","central-banks-build-ai-capacity"],"name":["Big data and machine learning in central banking","Central banks need to build their own AI capacity"],"type":["document","concept"],"subtype":["Working paper"],"description":["Working paper by Sebastian Doerr, Leonardo Gambacorta, Jose Maria Serena, published by the Bank for International Settlements. A staff paper is its authors’ text. Dated 2021-03."],"sourceIds":[["source-am-bis-wp-930"]],"proposition":[{"code":"J11","criterion":"Central banks need to invest in their own AI capabilities (data, computing, skills or staff), or to cooperate or pool resources with other central banks, to make use of AI or keep pace with its adoption.","terms":[]}]},"held":{"subtype":[0],"description":[0],"sourceIds":[0],"proposition":[1]}},"claims":{"n":1,"fields":{"id":["am-u11-bis-wp-930"],"subject":["bis-wp-930"],"predicate":["articulates_proposition"],"object":[{"kind":"entity","entityId":"central-banks-build-ai-capacity"}],"topic":["ideas"],"statement":["BIS Working Paper No 930 of March 2021, by Sebastian Doerr, Leonardo Gambacorta and Jose Maria Serena, reports that several central banks face constraints in IT infrastructure and human capital for big data and machine learning, and states that cooperation among public authorities could improve central banks’ ability to collect, store and analyse big data."],"time":[{"kind":"event","date":"2021-03","basis":"publication","note":"Date of publication, as the text gives it."}],"derivation":["explicit"],"resolution":["supported"],"editorialState":["seed"],"evidenceIds":[["evidence-am-u11-bis-wp-930-1","evidence-am-u11-bis-wp-930-disclaimer"]],"attributes":[{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","voice":"staff"}}]}},"sources":{"n":1,"fields":{"id":["source-am-bis-wp-930"],"documentId":["bis-wp-930"],"title":["Big data and machine learning in central banking (BIS Working Papers No 930)"],"authors":[["Sebastian Doerr","Leonardo Gambacorta","Jose Maria Serena"]],"publisher":["Bank for International Settlements"],"publicationDate":["2021-03"],"version":["Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-11-02 (SHA-256 a79c10f9424b5aeca5d4f362877c2572a0453bc2e1763fd1253020de785ad36c). Retrieved again at admission on 2026-11-06 (same file). PDF as served on 2026-11-02"],"evidenceUrl":["https://www.bis.org/publications/working-paper-930-big-data-and-machine-learning-central-banking.pdf"],"language":["en"]}},"evidence":{"n":2,"fields":{"id":["evidence-am-u11-bis-wp-930-1","evidence-am-u11-bis-wp-930-disclaimer"],"claimId":["am-u11-bis-wp-930","am-u11-bis-wp-930"],"sourceId":["source-am-bis-wp-930","source-am-bis-wp-930"],"sourceRole":["primary"],"support":["supports","context"],"verification":["machine_checked","machine_checked"],"retrievalRoute":["direct","direct"]},"held":{"sourceRole":[0]}}}}