{"entities":[{"id":"ernie-5-report","name":"ERNIE 5.0 Technical Report","type":"document"},{"id":"kimi-k2-report","name":"Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligence","type":"document"},{"id":"kimi-k3-report","name":"Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence","type":"document"},{"id":"seed-18-model-card","name":"Seed1.8 Model Card: Towards Generalized Real-World Agency","type":"document"},{"id":"seed-20-model-card","name":"Seed2.0 Model Card: Towards Intelligence Frontier for Real-World Complexity","type":"document"},{"id":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","name":"Humanity's Last Exam","type":"document","subtype":"Research paper","description":"Work-level record. Its arXiv versions and any conference or journal version are listed as sources, each with its own date. A citation to the work does not identify which version the citing author read.","sourceIds":["source-kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-v1"]}],"claims":[{"id":"kp-states-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1","subject":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","predicate":"states_contribution","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"The paper introduces Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark that the authors describe as at the frontier of human knowledge and designed to be the final closed-ended academic benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage."},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The paper introduces Humanity’s Last Exam (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark that the authors describe as at the frontier of human knowledge and designed to be the final closed-ended academic benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-01-24","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the arXiv version quoted, submitted 24 January 2025 (UTC); later versions may word it differently."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-states-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-ernie-5-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","subject":"ernie-5-report","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"ERNIE 5.0 Technical Report cites Humanity's Last Exam.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-02-04","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-ernie-5-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","subject":"kimi-k2-report","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligence cites Humanity's Last Exam.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-07-28","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-kimi-k3-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","subject":"kimi-k3-report","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence cites Humanity's Last Exam.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-28","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-kimi-k3-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-seed-18-model-card-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","subject":"seed-18-model-card","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Seed1.8 Model Card: Towards Generalized Real-World Agency cites Humanity's Last Exam.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-03-21","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-seed-18-model-card-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1"]},{"id":"kp-cites-seed-20-model-card-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","subject":"seed-20-model-card","predicate":"cites","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Seed2.0 Model Card: Towards Intelligence Frontier for Real-World Complexity cites Humanity's Last Exam.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-06-30","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the citing source as recorded in the dataset; unknown where the dataset has none."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-kp-cites-seed-20-model-card-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1"]}],"sources":[{"id":"source-kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-abs","documentId":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","title":"Humanity's Last Exam","authors":["arXiv"],"publisher":"arXiv","publicationDate":"2025-01-24","version":"arXiv abstract page, retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 afc417e2b1681926de5f2736c0b47595b29190e212fc3d25b3fa2220885e34a6). Submission history as arXiv records it (UTC): v1 24 January 2025; v2 6 February 2025; v3 12 February 2025; v4 19 February 2025; v5 21 February 2025; v6 11 April 2025; v7 19 April 2025; v8 12 September 2025; v9 25 September 2025; v10 20 February 2026; v11 28 July 2026; v12 19 October 2026. The page serves the latest version; each version is a separate expression, and only the one a record names was read.","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14249","language":"en"},{"id":"source-kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-v1","documentId":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","title":"Humanity's Last Exam","authors":["Long Phan","Alice Gatti","Ziwen Han","Nathaniel Li","Josephina Hu","Hugh Zhang","Sean Shi","Michael Choi","Anish Agrawal","Arnav Chopra","Adam Khoja","Richard Ren","Ryan Kim","Jason Hausenloy","Oliver Zhang","Mantas Mazeika","Daron Anderson","Tung Nguyen","Mobeen Mahmood","Fiona Feng","Steven Y. Feng","Haoran Zhao","Michael Yu","Varun Gangal","Chelsea Zou","Zihan Wang","Jessica P. Wang","Pawan Kumar","Oleksandr Pokutnyi","Robert Gerbicz","Serguei Popov","John-Clark Levin","Mstyslav Kazakov","Johannes Schmitt","Geoff Galgon","Alvaro Sanchez","Yongki Lee","Will Yeadon","Scott Sauers","Marc Roth","Chidozie Agu","Søren Riis","Fabian Giska","Saiteja Utpala","Zachary Giboney","Gashaw M. Goshu","Sarah-Jane Crowson","Maheshbhai Naiya","Noah Burns","Lennart Finke","Zerui Cheng","Hyunwoo Park","Francesco Fournier-Facio","John Wydallis","Mark Nandor","Ankit Singh","Tim Gehrunger","Jiaqi Cai","Ben McCarty","Darling Duclosel","Jungbae Nam","Jennifer Zampese","Ryan G. Hoerr","Aras Bacho","Gautier Abou Loume","Abdallah Galal","Hangrui Cao","Alexis C Garretson","Damien Sileo","Qiuyu Ren","Doru Cojoc","Pavel Arkhipov","Usman Qazi","Lianghui Li","Sumeet Motwani","Christian Schroeder de Witt","Edwin Taylor","Johannes Veith","Eric Singer","Taylor D. Hartman","Paolo Rissone","Jaehyeok Jin","Jack Wei Lun Shi","Chris G. Willcocks","Joshua Robinson","Aleksandar Mikov","Ameya Prabhu","Longke Tang","Xavier Alapont","Ameya Prabhu","Kevin Zhou","Emily de Oliveira Santos","Andrey Pupasov Maksimov","Edward Vendrow","Kengo Zenitani","Julien Guillod","Yuqi Li","Joshua Vendrow","Vladyslav Kuchkin","Pierre Marion","Jayson Lynch","Kaiqu Liang","Andrew Gritsevskiy","Dakotah Martinez","Ben Pageler","Nick Crispino","Dimitri Zvonkine","Natanael Wildner Fraga","Saeed Soori","Ori Press","Henry Tang","Julian Salazar","Sean R. Green","Lina Brüssel","Moon Twayana","Aymeric Dieuleveut","T. Ryan Rogers","Wenjin Zhang","Bikun Li","Jinzhou Yang","Arun Rao","Gabriel Loiseau","Mikhail Kalinin","Marco Lukas","Ciprian Manolescu","Subrata Mishra","Ariel Ghislain Kemogne Kamdoum","Tobias Kreiman","Tad Hogg","Alvin Jin","Carlo Bosio","Gongbo Sun","Brian P Coppola","Tim Tarver","Haline Heidinger","Rafael Sayous","Stefan Ivanov","Joseph M Cavanagh","Jiawei Shen","Joseph Marvin Imperial","Philippe Schwaller","Shaipranesh Senthilkuma","Andres M Bran","Ali Dehghan","Andres Algaba","Brecht Verbeken","David Noever","Lisa Schut","Ilia Sucholutsky","Evgenii Zheltonozhskii","Derek Lim","Richard Stanley","Shankar Sivarajan","Tong Yang","John Maar","Julian Wykowski","Martí Oller","Jennifer Sandlin","Anmol Sahu","Yuzheng Hu","Sara Fish","Nasser Heydari","Archimedes Apronti","Kaivalya Rawal","Tobias Garcia Vilchis","Yuexuan Zu","Martin Lackner","James Koppel","Jeremy Nguyen","Daniil S. Antonenko","Steffi Chern","Bingchen Zhao","Pierrot Arsene","Alan Goldfarb","Sergey Ivanov","Rafał Poświata","Chenguang Wang","Daofeng Li","Donato Crisostomi","Donato Crisostomi","Benjamin Myklebust","Archan Sen","David Perrella","Nurdin Kaparov","Mark H Inlow","Allen Zang","Elliott Thornley","Daniil Orel","Vladislav Poritski","Shalev Ben-David","Zachary Berger","Parker Whitfill","Michael Foster","Daniel Munro","Linh Ho","Dan Bar Hava","Aleksey Kuchkin","Robert Lauff","David Holmes","Frank Sommerhage","Keith Schneider","Zakayo Kazibwe","Nate Stambaugh","Mukhwinder Singh","Ilias Magoulas","Don Clarke","Dae Hyun Kim","Felipe Meneguitti Dias","Dae Hyun Kim","Kanu Priya Agarwal","Victor Efren Guadarrama Vilchis","Immo Klose","Christoph Demian","Ujjwala Anantheswaran","Adam Zweiger","Guglielmo Albani","Jeffery Li","Nicolas Daans","Maksim Radionov","Václav Rozhon","Ziqiao Ma","Christian Stump","Mohammed Berkani","Jacob Platnick","Volodymyr Nevirkovets","Luke Basler","Marco Piccardo","Ferenc Jeanplong","Niv Cohen","Josef Tkadlec","Paul Rosu","Piotr Padlewski","Stanislaw Barzowski","Kyle Montgomery","Aline Menezes","Arkil Patel","Zixuan Wang","Jamie Tucker-Foltz","Jack Stade","Tom Goertzen","Fereshteh Kazemi","Jeremiah Milbauer","John Arnold Ambay","Jeremiah Milbauer","Yan Carlos Leyva Labrador","Hew Wolff","Vivien Rossbach","Muhammad Fayez Aziz","Younesse Kaddar","Yanxu Chen","Robin Zhang","Jiayi Pan","Antonio Terpin","Jiayi Pan","Hailey Schoelkopf","Eric Zheng","Avishy Carmi","Adam Jones","Jainam Shah","Ethan D. L. Brown","Kelin Zhu","Max Bartolo","Richard Wheeler","Andrew Ho","Shaul Barkan","Jiaqi Wang","Martin Stehberger","Egor Kretov","Kaustubh Sridhar","Kaustubh Sridhar","Anji Zhang","Daniel Pyda","Joanna Tam","David M. Cunningham","Zihan Wang","Hyunwoo Park","Hyunwoo Park"],"publisher":"arXiv","publicationDate":"2025-01-24","version":"arXiv:2501.14249v1, submitted 24 January 2025 (UTC). Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 7a91dd3ee597fd64f44053675bc87dfa308b8da538e5e8e48ea115db9db22d8f). The author list is the byline as printed on the first page.","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.14249v1","language":"en"},{"id":"source-kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-crossref","documentId":"kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","title":"A benchmark of expert-level academic questions to assess AI capabilities","authors":["Crossref"],"publisher":"Crossref","publicationDate":"2026","version":"Crossref record of the journal version: Nature, vol. 649, no. 8099, pp. 1139-1146 (DOI 10.1038/s41586-025-09962-4), retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28. The date is the publisher-deposited date, kept at year precision; it was not checked against the issue. The journal title differs from the arXiv title “Humanity’s Last Exam”; the title is the one the cross-family check read in the Crossref record on 2026-10-30 (item A034).","evidenceUrl":"https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1038/s41586-025-09962-4","language":"en"}],"evidence":[{"id":"evidence-kp-states-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1-1","claimId":"kp-states-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1","sourceId":"source-kp-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","locator":"arXiv v1, PDF p. 3, abstract","passage":"In response, we introduce H UMANITY ’ S L AST E XAM (HLE), a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, designed to be the final closed-ended academic benchmark of its kind with broad subject coverage.","verification":"machine_checked"},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-ernie-5-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1","claimId":"kp-cites-ernie-5-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","sourceId":"c2-src-ernie5-arxiv-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","verification":"machine_checked"},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1","claimId":"kp-cites-kimi-k2-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","sourceId":"c2-src-kimi-k2-pdf-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","verification":"machine_checked"},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-kimi-k3-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1","claimId":"kp-cites-kimi-k3-report-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","sourceId":"c2-src-kimi-k3-report","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","verification":"machine_checked"},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-seed-18-model-card-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1","claimId":"kp-cites-seed-18-model-card-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","sourceId":"c2-src-seed-18-arxiv-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","verification":"machine_checked"},{"id":"evidence-kp-cites-seed-20-model-card-humanity-s-last-exam-2025-1","claimId":"kp-cites-seed-20-model-card-humanity-s-last-exam-2025","sourceId":"c2-src-seed-20-arxiv-v1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","verification":"machine_checked"}],"at":{"entities":[952,964,970,991,992,1492],"claims":[3821,4347,4348,4349,4350,4351],"sources":[1355,1356,1357],"evidence":[5279,5805,5806,5807,5808,5809]},"index":{"byClaim":[],"marks":[],"chronicle":{"years":[{"year":1863,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1865,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1872,"topics":{"ideas":7},"stated":0},{"year":1943,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1947,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1950,"topics":{"ideas":7},"stated":0},{"year":1951,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1952,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1955,"topics":{"ideas":31},"stated":0},{"year":1956,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1957,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1958,"topics":{"ideas":3},"stated":0},{"year":1959,"topics":{"ideas":6},"stated":0},{"year":1960,"topics":{"ideas":11},"stated":0},{"year":1961,"topics":{"ideas":10},"stated":0},{"year":1965,"topics":{"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1966,"topics":{"ideas":20},"stated":0},{"year":1968,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1969,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1971,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1972,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1973,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1974,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1975,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1976,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1977,"topics":{"people":2,"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1979,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1980,"topics":{"ideas":2},"stated":0},{"year":1981,"topics":{"people":2},"stated":0},{"year":1982,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1983,"topics":{"ideas":4},"stated":0},{"year":1984,"topics":{"ideas":21},"stated":0},{"year":1985,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":1986,"topics":{"ideas":18},"stated":0},{"year":1987,"topics":{"ideas":1},"stated":0},{"year":1988,"topics":{"ideas":6},"stated":0},{"year":1989,"topics":{"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":1990,"topics":{"ideas":5},"stated":0},{"year":1991,"topics":{"ideas":11},"stated":0},{"year":1992,"topics":{"ideas":9},"stated":0},{"year":1993,"topics":{"ideas":14,"people":3},"stated":0},{"year":1994,"topics":{"ideas":14},"stated":0},{"year":1995,"topics":{"ideas":10,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":1996,"topics":{"ideas":71},"stated":0},{"year":1997,"topics":{"ideas":12},"stated":0},{"year":1998,"topics":{"ideas":49},"stated":0},{"year":1999,"topics":{"ideas":27,"people":1,"institutions":1},"stated":0},{"year":2000,"topics":{"ideas":62},"stated":0},{"year":2001,"topics":{"ideas":39},"stated":0},{"year":2002,"topics":{"ideas":30},"stated":0},{"year":2003,"topics":{"ideas":8},"stated":0},{"year":2004,"topics":{"ideas":12,"people":3},"stated":0},{"year":2005,"topics":{"ideas":10,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2006,"topics":{"ideas":26,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2007,"topics":{"ideas":20},"stated":0},{"year":2008,"topics":{"ideas":57,"people":3,"institutions":1},"stated":0},{"year":2009,"topics":{"ideas":10,"people":1},"stated":0},{"year":2010,"topics":{"people":3,"ideas":11,"institutions":1,"governance":4},"stated":0},{"year":2011,"topics":{"people":3,"ideas":7,"institutions":2},"stated":0},{"year":2012,"topics":{"people":4,"ideas":17,"institutions":2},"stated":0},{"year":2013,"topics":{"ideas":46,"people":4,"institutions":2,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2014,"topics":{"institutions":2,"ideas":54,"people":5},"stated":0},{"year":2015,"topics":{"people":22,"ideas":122,"institutions":3,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2016,"topics":{"ideas":88,"people":2},"stated":0},{"year":2017,"topics":{"people":16,"institutions":2,"ideas":128,"governance":2},"stated":0},{"year":2018,"topics":{"people":8,"ideas":158,"institutions":8,"governance":1},"stated":0},{"year":2019,"topics":{"capital":1,"compute":1,"people":10,"governance":19,"ideas":175,"institutions":4},"stated":0},{"year":2020,"topics":{"people":6,"ideas":98,"institutions":1,"governance":2},"stated":0},{"year":2021,"topics":{"people":27,"ideas":177,"compute":1,"institutions":23,"governance":4,"capital":6},"stated":0},{"year":2022,"topics":{"people":15,"ideas":217,"institutions":6,"governance":3,"compute":2,"capital":1},"stated":0},{"year":2023,"topics":{"capital":5,"compute":7,"institutions":23,"people":51,"governance":179,"ideas":389},"stated":0},{"year":2024,"topics":{"capital":12,"compute":19,"governance":282,"people":80,"ideas":178,"institutions":28},"stated":1},{"year":2025,"topics":{"governance":547,"compute":69,"capital":34,"people":90,"institutions":18,"ideas":178},"stated":7},{"year":2026,"topics":{"governance":442,"capital":8,"compute":32,"institutions":21,"ideas":91,"people":107},"stated":19},{"year":2027,"topics":{},"stated":9},{"year":2028,"topics":{},"stated":6},{"year":2029,"topics":{},"stated":3},{"year":2030,"topics":{},"stated":3},{"year":2032,"topics":{},"stated":2},{"year":2035,"topics":{},"stated":2},{"year":2039,"topics":{},"stated":1},{"year":2042,"topics":{},"stated":1},{"year":2050,"topics":{},"stated":1}],"scheduled":[],"statedBy":[]},"collections":[{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"superintelligence"},"title":"Propositions about superintelligence, 1863–2022","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"risk-debate"},"title":"Arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"yudkowsky-arguments"},"title":"Eliezer Yudkowsky’s arguments on common claims about AI, 1996–2026","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"economics-of-machine-intelligence"},"title":"Economics of machine intelligence","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"orbital-compute-arguments"},"title":"Arguments about compute in orbit","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"ai-bio-arguments"},"title":"Arguments about AI and biological risk","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"propositions","id":"ai-in-science"},"title":"AI in science","claimIds":[],"records":[]},{"target":{"kind":"documents"},"title":"Frontier safety frameworks","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"compare","id":"frontier-safety-frameworks"},"title":"Compare frameworks","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"control","id":"openai"},"title":"OpenAI’s control structure, 2015–2026","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"control","id":"anthropic"},"title":"Anthropic’s control structure, 2021–2026","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"commitments"},"title":"External commitments and obligations","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"question","id":"frameworks-to-obligations"},"title":"Frameworks, commitments and legal obligations, 2023–2026","claimIds":[]},{"target":{"kind":"reading"},"title":"Founding and early leadership","claimIds":[]}]},"version":"131evrz"}