{"entities":[{"id":"peppin-reality-ai-biorisk-2024-12","name":"The Reality of AI and Biorisk","subtype":"Preprint","description":"arXiv v1 (2 December 2024). The PDF's arXiv stamp reads \"arXiv:2412.01946v1 [cs.AI] 2 Dec 2024\"; the paper's own front matter reads \"Released as a preprint on December 4, 2024\" (`peppin-reality-2024`). The stamp date is used, and the discrepancy is recorded rather than resolved.","sourceIds":["source-ab-peppin-reality-2024"]},{"id":"ab-prop-current-system-uplift","name":"Currently available AI systems increase an actor's biological-misuse capability"},{"id":"ab-prop-evaluation-validity","name":"Published evaluations do not establish real-world biological risk"},{"id":"arxiv","name":"arXiv"}],"claims":[{"id":"ab-arg-d1-peppin-contests","statement":"The preprint \"The Reality of AI and Biorisk\" (arXiv v1, 2 December 2024) states that the available literature does not support the notion that access to biological information and planning through current, publicly available large language models can significantly increase biorisk.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-arg-d1-peppin-contests-1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"Stated as a finding about the literature, and limited by the paper to current models.","engagement":{"kind":"engages-premise","rationale":"The paper gives its reading of the published studies as its reason, not only the contrary conclusion."}}}},{"id":"ab-arg-d3-peppin-articulates","statement":"The preprint \"The Reality of AI and Biorisk\" (arXiv v1, 2 December 2024) states that existing studies of AI-related biorisk are nascent, often speculative, or limited in methodological maturity and transparency.","derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-ab-arg-d3-peppin-articulates-1"],"attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"Stated of the studies available to the authors in late 2024."}}}],"sources":[{"id":"source-ab-peppin-reality-2024","title":"The Reality of AI and Biorisk","authors":["arXiv (preprint, Aidan Peppin, Anka Reuel, Stephen Casper and others)"],"publisher":"arXiv (preprint, Aidan Peppin, Anka Reuel, Stephen Casper and others)","publicationDate":null,"version":"Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-28 (SHA-256 6d2a704df6aa7b6d3463a2c9d3451fc1ad92998846d0dfeab24347a1191fd183). arXiv v1 of 2 December 2024 (per the PDF's arXiv stamp; the paper's own front matter reads \"Released as a preprint on December 4, 2024\") Retrieved again at admission on 2026-10-30 (SHA-256 6d2a704df6aa7b6d3463a2c9d3451fc1ad92998846d0dfeab24347a1191fd183, the same bytes).","evidenceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.01946v1","language":"en"}],"evidence":[{"id":"evidence-ab-arg-d1-peppin-contests-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","verification":"machine_checked","retrievalRoute":"direct"},{"id":"evidence-ab-arg-d3-peppin-articulates-1","sourceRole":"primary","support":"supports","verification":"machine_checked","retrievalRoute":"direct"}],"at":{"entities":[1246,1254,1256,1261],"claims":[3429,3430],"sources":[1075],"evidence":[4730,4731]},"version":"1lg47t7"}