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Signed on 14 January 2025; published in the Federal Register of 17 January 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14141-clean-power-hourly-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"us-eo14141-sec4h-ii-clean-power"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-us-eo14141-signed","subject":"us-white-house","predicate":"enacted","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-eo-14141-2025"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Executive Order 14141, \"Advancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure\", is dated 14 January 2025 and was published in the Federal Register on 17 January 2025 (FR Doc. 2025-01395).","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-01-14","basis":"signature","note":"Publication on 17 January 2025 per the masthead."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14141-signed-1","evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14141-signed-2","evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14141-signed-3"]},{"id":"cpo-pw-us-eo14299-ai-dc-defense","subject":"us-eo-14299-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Sec. 4(a): DOE to designate AI data centres at DOE facilities as critical defense facilities"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Section 4(a) of Executive Order 14299 of 23 May 2025 directed the Secretary of Energy to initiate the process for designating AI data centres within the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia that are located at or operated in coordination with DOE facilities as critical defense facilities, “where appropriate”, and stated that the electrical infrastructure needed to operate them shall be considered defense critical electric infrastructure, “as appropriate and consistent with applicable law”.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-05-29","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as the text states it, dated by its date of publication, 2025-05-29. Signed on 23 May 2025; published in the Federal Register of 29 May 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14299-ai-dc-defense-1","evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14299-ai-dc-defense-2","evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14299-ai-dc-defense-3","evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14299-ai-dc-defense-4"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"us-eo14299-sec4a"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-us-eo14299-reactors-for-ai","subject":"us-eo-14299-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Sec. 4(c): privately funded advanced reactors at DOE sites to power AI infrastructure; first reactor operating within 30 months"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Section 4(c) of Executive Order 14299 directed the Secretary of Energy to use available authorities to site and authorise privately funded advanced reactors at DOE sites for purposes including powering AI infrastructure, with a goal of operating a reactor at the first site within 30 months of the order.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-05-29","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as the text states it, dated by its date of publication, 2025-05-29. Signed on 23 May 2025; published in the Federal Register of 29 May 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14299-reactors-for-ai-1","evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14299-reactors-for-ai-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"us-eo14299-sec4c"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-us-eo14318-revokes-14141","subject":"us-eo-14318-2025","predicate":"revoked","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-eo-14141-2025"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Section 4 of Executive Order 14318 of 23 July 2025 revoked Executive Order 14141 of 14 January 2025.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-07-23","basis":"signature","note":"Dated by the revoking order’s signature."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14318-revokes-14141-1"]},{"id":"cpo-pw-us-eo14318-signed","subject":"us-white-house","predicate":"enacted","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-eo-14318-2025"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Executive Order 14318, \"Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure\", is dated 23 July 2025 and was published in the Federal Register on 28 July 2025 (FR Doc. 2025-14212).","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-07-23","basis":"signature","note":"Publication on 28 July 2025 per the masthead."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14318-signed-1","evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14318-signed-2"]},{"id":"cpo-pw-us-proc11014-ratepayer-pledge","subject":"us-proc-11014-2026","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Ratepayer Protection Pledge: companies to build, bring or buy new generation and pay for delivery upgrades for their data centres"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Proclamation 11014 of 4 March 2026 states that under the Ratepayer Protection Pledge hyperscalers and AI companies will build, bring or buy the new generation and electricity needed for their energy demands and pay for new power delivery infrastructure upgrades for their data centres, and that seven technology companies accepted its terms that day.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-03-09","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as the text states it, dated by its date of publication, 2026-03-09. Signed on 4 March 2026; published in the Federal Register of 9 March 2026."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-us-proc11014-ratepayer-pledge-1","evidence-cpo-pw-us-proc11014-ratepayer-pledge-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"us-proc11014-pledge"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-tx-sb6-enacted","subject":"governor-of-texas","predicate":"enacted","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"tx-sb6-2025"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Texas S.B. 6 (89th Legislature), on the planning for, interconnection and operation of, and costs of serving certain electrical loads, was signed by the Governor on 20 June 2025 and took effect immediately.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-06-20","basis":"signature","note":"Bill history records 'Signed by the Governor' and 'Effective immediately' on 06/20/2025; the enrolled text certifies Senate passage on 19 March 2025 and concurrence in House amendments on 29 May 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-tx-sb6-enacted-1","evidence-cpo-pw-tx-sb6-enacted-2"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-cn-ga-ge-2023-issued","subject":"cn-mofcom","predicate":"enacted","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"cn-mofcom-gac-2023-23"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs issued joint Announcement No. 23 of 2023, dated 3 July 2023, imposing export controls on gallium- and germanium-related items with effect from 1 August 2023.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-07-03","basis":"publication","note":"Effective 1 August 2023 (Article 8). Date of issue as the text gives it (the document date or date line), recorded as its date of publication as in earlier admissions; no signing event is shown."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-cn-ga-ge-2023-issued-1","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-ga-ge-2023-issued-2","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-ga-ge-2023-issued-3"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-cn-ga-ge-2023-items","subject":"cn-mofcom-gac-2023-23","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Gallium and germanium items not exportable without a licence"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Announcement No. 23 of 2023 provides that listed gallium items (including gallium nitride and gallium arsenide) and germanium items (including germanium dioxide) may not be exported without a licence.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-08-01","basis":"effective","note":"Date of effect, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-cn-ga-ge-2023-items-1","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-ga-ge-2023-items-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"ch-cn-ga-ge-2023-items"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2024-46-us","subject":"cn-mofcom-2024-46","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"In principle no licences for gallium, germanium, antimony and superhard-material exports to the United States"},"topic":"governance","statement":"MOFCOM Announcement No. 46 of 2024, dated 3 December 2024 and effective on publication, provides that in principle no licences will be granted for exports of gallium-, germanium-, antimony- and superhard-material-related dual-use items to the United States.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-12-03","basis":"publication","note":"Effective on publication. Date of issue as the text gives it (the document date or date line), recorded as its date of publication as in earlier admissions; no signing event is shown."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2024-46-us-1","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2024-46-us-2","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2024-46-us-3","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2024-46-us-4"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"ch-cn-mofcom-2024-46-us"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-61-chips-ai","subject":"cn-mofcom-2025-61","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Case-by-case review for end uses in advanced chips and military-relevant AI"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Announcement No. 61 of 2025, on export controls for overseas rare-earth-related items, provides that export licence applications for those items whose end use is research, development or production of logic chips of 14 nanometres or below or memory chips of 256 layers or above, related manufacturing and test equipment and materials, or research and development of AI with potential military use, are examined case by case.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-09","basis":"publication","note":"Date of issue as the text gives it (the document date or date line), recorded as its date of publication as in earlier admissions; no signing event is shown."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-61-chips-ai-1","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-61-chips-ai-2","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-61-chips-ai-3","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-61-chips-ai-4"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"ch-cn-mofcom-2025-61-chips-ai"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-61-issued","subject":"cn-mofcom","predicate":"enacted","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"cn-mofcom-2025-61"},"topic":"governance","statement":"MOFCOM issued Announcement No. 61 of 2025 on 9 October 2025, requiring foreign exporters to obtain a MOFCOM dual-use export licence for certain foreign-made items containing Chinese-origin rare-earth items, with parts effective from 1 December 2025 and the rest on publication.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-09","basis":"publication","note":"Parts 1(1) and 1(2) effective 1 December 2025; part 1(3) on publication (Article 8). Date of issue as the text gives it (the document date or date line), recorded as its date of publication as in earlier admissions; no signing event is shown."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-61-issued-1","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-61-issued-2"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-70-suspension","subject":"cn-mofcom-gac-2025-70","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Suspension of Announcements No. 61 and 62 of 2025 (and Nos. 55–58)"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Joint MOFCOM–GAC Announcement No. 70 of 2025, dated 7 November 2025, suspends MOFCOM Announcements No. 61 and No. 62 of 2025 (and joint Announcements Nos. 55 to 58 of 2025) from that day until 10 November 2026.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-07","basis":"publication","note":"Date of issue as the text gives it (the document date or date line), recorded as its date of publication as in earlier admissions; no signing event is shown."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-70-suspension-1","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-70-suspension-2","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-70-suspension-3","evidence-cpo-ch-cn-mofcom-2025-70-suspension-4"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"ch-cn-mofcom-2025-70-suspension"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-license-policy-2026-case-by-case","subject":"us-bis-license-policy-rule-2026","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Case-by-case licence review for exports of H200-class chips to China and Macau"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The January 2026 rule changes the licence review policy for exports from the United States to end users in China or Macau of commodities with a TPP below 21,000 and total DRAM bandwidth below 6,500 GB/s, naming the NVIDIA H200 and AMD MI325X as examples, from a presumption of denial to case-by-case review, provided stated conditions and the applicant’s certifications are met.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-01-15","basis":"effective","note":"Date of effect, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-license-policy-2026-case-by-case-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-license-policy-2026-case-by-case-2","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-license-policy-2026-case-by-case-3","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-license-policy-2026-case-by-case-4"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"ch-bis-license-policy-2026-case-by-case"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-license-policy-2026-published","subject":"us-bureau-of-industry-and-security","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-bis-license-policy-rule-2026"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Bureau of Industry and Security published the final rule \"Revision to License Review Policy for Advanced Computing Commodities\" in the Federal Register of 15 January 2026, effective that day.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-01-15","basis":"publication","note":"Effective 15 January 2026."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-license-policy-2026-published-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-license-policy-2026-published-2"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-acr-2023-3a090-thresholds","subject":"us-bis-acr-ifr-2023","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Revised ECCN 3A090.a control parameters (total processing performance and performance density)"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The October 2023 interim final rule revises ECCN 3A090.a to control ICs with a total processing performance of 4800 or more, or of 1600 or more with a performance density of 5.92 or more, and states that the performance density parameter is meant to prevent buying many smaller datacenter AI chips that combined would equal restricted chips.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-10-25","basis":"publication","note":"Provision effective 17 November 2023."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-acr-2023-3a090-thresholds-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-acr-2023-3a090-thresholds-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"ch-bis-acr-2023-3a090-thresholds"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-acr-2023-published","subject":"us-bureau-of-industry-and-security","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-bis-acr-ifr-2023"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Bureau of Industry and Security published the interim final rule \"Implementation of Additional Export Controls: Certain Advanced Computing Items; Supercomputer and Semiconductor End Use; Updates and Corrections\" in the Federal Register of 25 October 2023, effective 17 November 2023, revising the advanced computing controls of 7 October 2022.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-10-25","basis":"publication","note":"Effective 17 November 2023 (one amendatory instruction effective to 1 January 2026); comments due 18 December 2023."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-acr-2023-published-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-acr-2023-published-2","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-acr-2023-published-3"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm","subject":"us-bis-fdp-hbm-ifr-2024","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"New controls on high bandwidth memory (ECCN 3A090.c)"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The December 2024 interim final rule adds controls on certain high bandwidth memory, as new ECCN 3A090.c, stating that such memory provides capacity and bandwidth needed for advanced AI models and supercomputing.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-12-05","basis":"publication","note":"Compliance date for the HBM controls: 31 December 2024."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm-2","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm-3"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-hbm"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-published","subject":"us-bureau-of-industry-and-security","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-bis-fdp-hbm-ifr-2024"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Bureau of Industry and Security published the interim final rule \"Foreign-Produced Direct Product Rule Additions, and Refinements to Controls for Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items\" in the Federal Register of 5 December 2024, effective 2 December 2024.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-12-05","basis":"publication","note":"Effective 2 December 2024, before publication; compliance dates for several instructions (including the HBM controls) 31 December 2024."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-published-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-fdp-hbm-2024-published-2"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-foundry-dd-2025-published","subject":"us-bureau-of-industry-and-security","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-bis-foundry-dd-ifr-2025"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Bureau of Industry and Security published the interim final rule \"Implementation of Additional Due Diligence Measures for Advanced Computing Integrated Circuits\" in the Federal Register of 16 January 2025, effective that day, with compliance required from 31 January 2025, to assist foundries and OSAT companies in complying with the advanced computing IC provisions.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-01-16","basis":"publication","note":"Effective 16 January 2025; compliance date 31 January 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-foundry-dd-2025-published-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-foundry-dd-2025-published-2","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-foundry-dd-2025-published-3"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-foundry-dd-2025-transistor-attestation","subject":"us-bis-foundry-dd-ifr-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Transistor-count attestation for advanced logic ICs (approved IC designers and OSAT companies)"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The January 2025 foundry due-diligence rule allows reliance on an attestation that the aggregated approximated transistor count of the final packaged IC is below 30 billion transistors, or, for ICs without high bandwidth memory, below 35 billion in 2027 and 40 billion later, as one route around the new licence requirement, alongside lists of approved IC designers and OSAT companies.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-01-16","basis":"publication","note":"Date of publication, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-foundry-dd-2025-transistor-attestation-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-foundry-dd-2025-transistor-attestation-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"ch-bis-foundry-dd-2025-transistor-attestation"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-gp10-guidance-ascend-list","subject":"us-bis-gp10-guidance-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Illustrative list of PRC 3A090 ICs presumptively subject to GP10"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The BIS guidance of 13 May 2025 lists the Huawei Ascend 910B, 910C and 910D as illustrative PRC 3A090 ICs subject to the presumption that General Prohibition 10 restrictions apply, and states that the list is not exhaustive.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-05-13","basis":"publication","note":"Date of issue as the text gives it (the document date or date line), recorded as its date of publication as in earlier admissions; no signing event is shown."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-gp10-guidance-ascend-list-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-gp10-guidance-ascend-list-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"ch-bis-gp10-guidance-ascend-list"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-gp10-guidance-issued","subject":"us-bureau-of-industry-and-security","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-bis-gp10-guidance-2025"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Bureau of Industry and Security issued guidance dated 13 May 2025 warning that use of PRC advanced-computing ICs, including specific Huawei Ascend chips, risks violating US export controls under General Prohibition 10, because such chips were likely developed or produced in violation of those controls.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-05-13","basis":"publication","note":"Date printed on the guidance, the same day as the announced rescission of the AI diffusion rule (recorded separately). Date of issue as the text gives it (the document date or date line), recorded as its date of publication as in earlier admissions; no signing event is shown."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-gp10-guidance-issued-1"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-advanced-computing","subject":"us-bis-uae-rule-2026","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Licence-free access to advanced computing items for the UAE Government and approved entities"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The July 2026 rule states that the UAE Government and approved commercial entities will have licence-free access to advanced computing items, consistent with the May 2025 U.S.-UAE Artificial Intelligence Cooperation framework, while licence requirements are maintained for other advanced computing exports to or within the UAE.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-10","basis":"effective","note":"Date of effect, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-advanced-computing-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-advanced-computing-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"ch-bis-uae-2026-advanced-computing"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-diffusion-enforcement","subject":"us-bis-uae-rule-2026","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Enforcement of the worldwide licence requirement for advanced computing items (§ 742.6(a)(6)(iii)(A)) after the guidance of 13 May 2025 and 31 May 2026"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The July 2026 BIS rule on the UAE states that, although § 742.6(a)(6)(iii)(A) of the EAR specifies a worldwide licence requirement for certain advanced computing items, BIS, consistent with guidance issued on 13 May 2025 and 31 May 2026, is only enforcing it for destinations in Country Groups D:1, D:4 or D:5, excluding those also in Country Groups A:5 or A:6, and for entities headquartered in, or with an ultimate parent headquartered in, Country Group D:5 or Macau, wherever located. It adds that, although the UAE moves to Country Group A:5, BIS will continue enforcing the requirement for the UAE, except for UAE Government entities and listed approved commercial entities.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-14","basis":"publication","note":"Date of the Federal Register issue; the rule is effective 10 July 2026. The rule cites the 13 May 2025 guidance by the address of BIS's press release announcing the rescission of the AI diffusion rule."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-diffusion-enforcement-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-diffusion-enforcement-2","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-diffusion-enforcement-3","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-diffusion-enforcement-4"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"ch-bis-uae-2026-diffusion-enforcement"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-published","subject":"us-bureau-of-industry-and-security","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-bis-uae-rule-2026"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Bureau of Industry and Security published the final rule \"Enhanced Favorable Treatment for the United Arab Emirates Under the Export Administration Regulations\" in the Federal Register of 14 July 2026, effective 10 July 2026.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-14","basis":"publication","note":"Effective 10 July 2026, before publication."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-published-1","evidence-cpo-ch-bis-uae-2026-published-2"]},{"id":"cpo-ch-anthropic-azure-commitment","subject":"anthropic","predicate":"cloud_terms","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"microsoft"},"topic":"compute","statement":"The joint announcement of 18 November 2025 by Microsoft, NVIDIA and Anthropic stated that Anthropic had committed to purchase $30 billion of Azure compute capacity and to contract additional compute capacity up to one gigawatt.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-18","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the joint text on all three companies’ sites."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-anthropic-azure-commitment-1","evidence-cpo-ch-anthropic-azure-commitment-2"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"cloud_services","relationshipContext":"external","transactionStage":"committed","amount":{"value":30000000000,"currency":"USD","bound":"exact","scope":"transaction"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-nvidia-intel-investment","subject":"nvidia","predicate":"investment_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"intel"},"topic":"capital","statement":"NVIDIA and Intel announced on 18 September 2025, in a joint release, that NVIDIA will invest $5 billion in Intel’s common stock at a purchase price of $23.28 per share, subject to customary closing conditions including regulatory approvals.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-09-18","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-nvidia-intel-investment-1","evidence-cpo-ch-nvidia-intel-investment-2"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"equity_investment","relationshipContext":"external","transactionStage":"announced","amount":{"value":5000000000,"currency":"USD","bound":"exact","scope":"transaction"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-tsmc-us-investment-2025","subject":"tsmc","predicate":"plans_infrastructure_spend","object":{"kind":"literal","value":100000000000,"unit":"USD"},"topic":"capital","statement":"A White House release of 3 March 2025 stated that President Trump and TSMC CEO C.C. 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MW of power from the Calvert Cliffs plant in Maryland, including an uprate of approximately 190 MW expected online between 2030 and 2032, with a related retail supply agreement for Amazon operations in PJM.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-09-30","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-constellation-calvert-1","evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-constellation-calvert-2","evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-constellation-calvert-3"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":690,"unit":"megawatts of power, including a 190 MW uprate (as worded)","bound":"exact","measures":"contracted_energy"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","wording":"2030–2032, uprate","statedBy":"constellation-energy"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"ppa"},"term":"20 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date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-xenergy-aep-indiana-1","evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-xenergy-aep-indiana-2","evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-xenergy-aep-indiana-3","evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-xenergy-aep-indiana-4"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"announced","quantity":{"value":960,"unit":"megawatts (MW)","bound":"exact","measures":"generation_capacity"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2039","wording":"collaboration target, >5 GW","statedBy":"amazon"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"smr_development"},"stageWording":"signed an agreement to explore"}},{"id":"cpo-pw-cn-dc-plan-green-power-2025","subject":"cn-dc-green-low-carbon-plan-2024","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Task (4): by end-2025, an initial computing–power coordination mechanism and over 80% green electricity for new data centres at national hub nodes"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Task (4) of the 2024 data-centre plan sets the goal that by the end of 2025 a two-way computing–electricity coordination mechanism is initially formed and green electricity exceeds 80% for new data centres at national hub nodes, and encourages co-location of new data centres with renewable generation and pilots of direct green-power supply.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-07-03","basis":"publication","note":"Date of issue as the text gives it (the document date or date line), recorded as its date of publication as in earlier admissions; no signing event is shown."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-cn-dc-plan-green-power-2025-1","evidence-cpo-pw-cn-dc-plan-green-power-2025-2","evidence-cpo-pw-cn-dc-plan-green-power-2025-3"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"statement","key":"cn-dc-plan-2024-task4"},"quantity":{"value":80,"unit":"% green electricity (as worded: 超过 80%)","bound":"more_than"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_completion","date":"2025","wording":"end of 2025","statedBy":"cn-ndrc"}]}},{"id":"cpo-pw-msft-constellation-crane-ppa","subject":"constellation-energy","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"microsoft"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Constellation announced on 20 September 2024 that it had signed a 20-year power purchase agreement with Microsoft that would pave the way for restarting Three Mile Island Unit 1 as the Crane Clean Energy Center, with Microsoft purchasing energy from the plant as part of its goal to match the power its PJM data centers use with carbon-free energy.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-09-20","basis":"announcement","note":"Signing stated by Constellation in the release; the signature date itself is not given."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-msft-constellation-crane-ppa-1","evidence-cpo-pw-msft-constellation-crane-ppa-2","evidence-cpo-pw-msft-constellation-crane-ppa-3","evidence-cpo-pw-msft-constellation-crane-ppa-4"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":835,"unit":"megawatts (as worded: 'approximately 835 megawatts of carbon-free energy to the grid')","bound":"approximate","measures":"grid_connection"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2028","statedBy":"constellation-energy"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"restart"},"term":"20 years (as stated)"}},{"id":"cpo-pw-crane-nrc-fuel-amendment","subject":"us-nrc","predicate":"regulator_decision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Approval of a fuel licence amendment request for the Crane Clean Energy Center"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Constellation stated on 6 August 2026 that the NRC had approved a fuel licence amendment request for the Crane Clean Energy Center, and that it was moving closer to restarting operations in 2027.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-08-06","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of Constellation's statement; the date of the NRC action is not given in the release."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-crane-nrc-fuel-amendment-1","evidence-cpo-pw-crane-nrc-fuel-amendment-2","evidence-cpo-pw-crane-nrc-fuel-amendment-3"],"attributes":{"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2027","statedBy":"constellation-energy"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"restart"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap","subject":"european-commission","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Strategic Roadmap for Digitalisation and AI in the Energy Sector (tech sovereignty package)"},"topic":"compute","statement":"The Commission announced on 3 June 2026, as part of its tech sovereignty package, a Strategic Roadmap for Digitalisation and AI in the Energy Sector, stating that growth of digital infrastructure is expected to increase electricity demand and that the roadmap will ensure data centres are integrated into the energy system in a sustainable and transparent manner.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-06-03","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-1","evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-2","evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-3","evidence-cpo-pw-eu-ai-energy-roadmap-4"]},{"id":"cpo-pw-helion-microsoft","subject":"helion-energy","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"microsoft"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Helion announced on 10 May 2023 an agreement to provide Microsoft electricity from its first fusion power plant, expected online by 2028 and targeting 50 MW or more after a one-year ramp-up, with Constellation as power marketer.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2023-05-10","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-helion-microsoft-1","evidence-cpo-pw-helion-microsoft-2","evidence-cpo-pw-helion-microsoft-3","evidence-cpo-pw-helion-microsoft-4"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":50,"unit":"MW (as worded: '50 MW or greater')","bound":"at_least","measures":"generation_capacity"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2028","statedBy":"helion-energy"}],"power":{"technology":"fusion","mechanism":"ppa"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-google-cfs-offtake","subject":"google","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"commonwealth-fusion-systems"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Google announced on 30 June 2025 an offtake agreement to take 200 MW of carbon-free energy from Commonwealth Fusion Systems' first commercial plant, ARC, to be developed in Chesterfield, Virginia, together with a second capital investment in CFS and an option to buy power from future plants.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-06-30","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-google-cfs-offtake-1","evidence-cpo-pw-google-cfs-offtake-2","evidence-cpo-pw-google-cfs-offtake-3","evidence-cpo-pw-google-cfs-offtake-4"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":200,"unit":"megawatts (MW) of carbon free energy","bound":"exact","measures":"contracted_energy"},"power":{"technology":"fusion","mechanism":"ppa"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-google-constellation-2700mw-supply","subject":"google","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"constellation-energy"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Constellation stated on 6 October 2026 that it and Google had also entered into a 15-year energy supply agreement for an additional 2,700 MW from Constellation's fleet in PJM.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-10-06","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-google-constellation-2700mw-supply-1","evidence-cpo-pw-google-constellation-2700mw-supply-2"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":2700,"unit":"MWs (as worded)","bound":"exact"},"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"supply"},"term":"15 years"}},{"id":"cpo-pw-google-constellation-890mw","subject":"google","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"constellation-energy"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Google and Constellation announced on 6 October 2026 a 20-year power purchase agreement to bring 890 MW of new nuclear capacity onto the PJM grid through uprates at 11 Constellation-owned units in Illinois, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, with the first uprate expected by 2028.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-10-06","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-google-constellation-890mw-1","evidence-cpo-pw-google-constellation-890mw-2","evidence-cpo-pw-google-constellation-890mw-3","evidence-cpo-pw-google-constellation-890mw-4"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":890,"unit":"megawatts (MW) of new nuclear capacity","bound":"exact","measures":"generation_capacity"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"delivery_target","date":"2028","wording":"first uprate","statedBy":"constellation-energy"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"ppa"},"term":"20 years"}},{"id":"cpo-pw-google-kairos-agreement","subject":"google","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kairos-power"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Google announced on 14 October 2024 an agreement to purchase nuclear energy from multiple small modular reactors to be developed by Kairos Power, intended to bring the first reactor online by 2030 with further deployments through 2035, enabling up to 500 MW of power to US grids.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-10-14","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-google-kairos-agreement-1","evidence-cpo-pw-google-kairos-agreement-2","evidence-cpo-pw-google-kairos-agreement-3"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"announced","quantity":{"value":500,"unit":"MW (as worded: 'up to 500 MW of new 24/7 carbon-free power')","bound":"up_to","measures":"grid_connection"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2030","statedBy":"google"},{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2035","statedBy":"google"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"smr_development"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-tva-kairos-hermes2-ppa","subject":"tennessee-valley-authority","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"kairos-power"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Google announced on 18 August 2025 a power purchase agreement under which TVA will buy electricity from Kairos Power's Hermes 2 plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, enabling 50 MW on TVA's grid serving Google's data centers in Montgomery County, Tennessee and Jackson County, Alabama, with Google procuring the plant's clean energy attributes through TVA.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-08-18","basis":"announcement","note":"Stated by Google; TVA's and Kairos's releases were not retrieved."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-tva-kairos-hermes2-ppa-1","evidence-cpo-pw-tva-kairos-hermes2-ppa-2","evidence-cpo-pw-tva-kairos-hermes2-ppa-3","evidence-cpo-pw-tva-kairos-hermes2-ppa-4"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":50,"unit":"megawatts (MW)","bound":"exact","measures":"grid_connection"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2030","statedBy":"google"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"ppa"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-google-nextera-duane-arnold","subject":"google","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"nextera-energy"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Google announced on 27 October 2025 a collaboration with NextEra Energy including the restart of the Duane Arnold Energy Center in Iowa, which Google expects back online in early 2029 providing more than 600 MW to the regional grid to support its cloud and AI infrastructure in Iowa.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-27","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-google-nextera-duane-arnold-1","evidence-cpo-pw-google-nextera-duane-arnold-2","evidence-cpo-pw-google-nextera-duane-arnold-3","evidence-cpo-pw-google-nextera-duane-arnold-4"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"announced","quantity":{"value":600,"unit":"MW (as worded: 'more than 600 MW')","bound":"more_than","measures":"grid_connection"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2029","wording":"early 2029","statedBy":"google"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"restart"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-uae-campus-energy-mix","subject":"emirates-news-agency","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"UAE–US AI Campus, Abu Dhabi, to use nuclear, solar and gas power"},"topic":"compute","statement":"WAM reported on 15 May 2025 that the 5 GW UAE–US AI Campus in Abu Dhabi, once completed, will use nuclear, solar and gas power to minimise carbon emissions.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-05-15","basis":"announcement","note":"WAM dateline as reprinted by the UAE Embassy in Washington."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-uae-campus-energy-mix-1","evidence-cpo-pw-uae-campus-energy-mix-2"],"attributes":{"power":{"technology":"mixed","mechanism":"other"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-entergy-lpsc-meta-gas","subject":"louisiana-psc","predicate":"regulator_decision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Approval for Entergy Louisiana to build three combined-cycle gas plants and transmission tied to Meta's Richland Parish data center"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Louisiana Public Service Commission decided at its Business and Executive Session of 20 August 2025, in Order U-37425 dated 29 August 2025 and effective immediately, on Entergy Louisiana’s application for generation and transmission resources to serve a single customer in North Louisiana. Entergy stated on 20 August 2025 that the approval allows it to build three combined-cycle combustion turbine plants tied to Meta’s Richland Parish data centre, two there expected online in late 2028 and one at Waterford by the end of 2029.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-08-20","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the decision as Order U-37425 states it (“Decided at the August 20, 2025 Business and Executive Session”); the written order is dated 29 August 2025 and effective immediately. Entergy’s release is dated 20 August 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-entergy-lpsc-meta-gas-1","evidence-cpo-pw-entergy-lpsc-meta-gas-2","evidence-cpo-pw-entergy-lpsc-meta-gas-3","evidence-cpo-pw-entergy-lpsc-meta-gas-4","evidence-cpo-pw-entergy-lpsc-meta-gas-5","evidence-cpo-pw-entergy-lpsc-meta-gas-6","evidence-cpo-pw-entergy-lpsc-meta-gas-7","evidence-cpo-pw-entergy-lpsc-meta-gas-8"],"attributes":{"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2028","wording":"late 2028; two plants","statedBy":"entergy-louisiana"},{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2029","wording":"by end; Waterford plant","statedBy":"entergy-louisiana"}],"power":{"technology":"gas","mechanism":"supply"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-meta-nuclear-rfp","subject":"meta","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Request for proposals for 1–4 GW of new US nuclear generation capacity"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Meta announced on 3 December 2024 a request for proposals to identify nuclear energy developers, aiming to add 1–4 GW of new US nuclear generation capacity delivered from the early 2030s, citing grids that power its data centers.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-12-03","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-meta-nuclear-rfp-1","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-nuclear-rfp-2"],"attributes":{"quantity":{"value":4,"unit":"GW of new nuclear generation capacity (as worded: a range of 1 to 4 GW)","bound":"up_to","measures":"generation_capacity","range":{"from":1,"to":4}},"statedDates":[{"kind":"delivery_target","wording":"early 2030s","statedBy":"meta"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"other"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton","subject":"meta","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"constellation-energy"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Constellation and Meta announced on 3 June 2025 that they had signed a 20-year power purchase agreement for the output of the Clinton Clean Energy Center in Illinois, 1,121 MW, beginning in June 2027, with Meta purchasing the plant's clean energy attributes.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-06-03","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-1","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-2","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-3","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-4","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-constellation-clinton-5"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":1121,"unit":"megawatts of emissions-free nuclear energy","bound":"exact","measures":"generation_capacity"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"delivery_target","date":"2027-06","statedBy":"constellation-energy"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"ppa"},"term":"20 years"}},{"id":"cpo-pw-meta-oklo","subject":"meta","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"oklo"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Meta announced on 9 January 2026 a partnership with Oklo supporting an advanced nuclear campus in Pike County, Ohio, which may come online as early as 2030 and add up to 1.2 GW to the PJM market, with Meta's funding supporting early procurement and development.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-01-09","basis":"announcement","note":"Stated by Meta; Oklo's release was not retrieved."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-meta-oklo-1","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-oklo-2","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-oklo-3","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-oklo-4"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"committed","quantity":{"value":1.2,"unit":"GW of clean baseload power (as worded: 'up to 1.2 GW')","bound":"up_to","measures":"generation_capacity"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2030","wording":"as early as 2030","statedBy":"meta"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"smr_development"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-meta-terrapower","subject":"meta","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"terrapower"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Meta announced on 9 January 2026 an agreement providing funding for the development of two TerraPower Natrium units of up to 690 MW with delivery as early as 2032, and rights to energy from up to six further units of 2.1 GW targeted for delivery by 2035.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-01-09","basis":"announcement","note":"Stated by Meta; TerraPower's release was not retrieved."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-meta-terrapower-1","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-terrapower-2"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"committed","quantity":{"value":690,"unit":"MW (as worded: 'up to 690 MW of firm power'); options on a further 2.1 GW","bound":"up_to","measures":"generation_capacity"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"delivery_target","date":"2032","wording":"as early as 2032","statedBy":"meta"},{"kind":"delivery_target","date":"2035","wording":"by 2035","statedBy":"meta"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"smr_development"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-meta-vistra","subject":"meta","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"vistra"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Meta announced on 9 January 2026 20-year nuclear energy agreements to purchase more than 2.1 GW from Vistra's Perry and Davis-Besse plants in Ohio and energy from uprates at those plants and Beaver Valley in Pennsylvania, the uprates totalling 433 MW expected in the early 2030s.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-01-09","basis":"announcement","note":"Stated by Meta; Vistra's release was not retrieved."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-meta-vistra-1","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-vistra-2","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-vistra-3","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-vistra-4","evidence-cpo-pw-meta-vistra-5"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":2.1,"unit":"GW of energy (as worded: 'more than 2.1 GW'), plus uprates totalling 433 MW","bound":"more_than","measures":"contracted_energy"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","wording":"early 2030s, uprates","statedBy":"meta"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"ppa"},"term":"20 years"}},{"id":"cpo-pw-talen-aws-cumulus-sale","subject":"talen-energy","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"aws"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Talen announced on 4 March 2024 the sale of its Cumulus data-centre campus in north-eastern Pennsylvania, connected to its Susquehanna nuclear plant; its release does not name the buyer, which Talen’s results of 14 March 2024 name as AWS, as the cross-family check read both. World Nuclear News later reported the 960 MW campus sold to AWS with a long-term power supply agreement.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-03-04","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of Talen’s release, as the cross-family check read it in a capture."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-talen-aws-cumulus-sale-1","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-aws-cumulus-sale-2","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-aws-cumulus-sale-3","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-aws-cumulus-sale-4","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-aws-cumulus-sale-5"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"announced","quantity":{"value":960,"unit":"MW (as worded: '960 MW Cumulus data centre campus')","bound":"exact","measures":"not_stated"},"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"supply"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-amazon-talen-colocation","subject":"amazon","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"talen-energy"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Amazon stated on 16 October 2024 that it had previously signed an agreement to co-locate a data center facility next to Talen Energy's nuclear facility in Pennsylvania, which would directly power its data centers with carbon-free energy.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-10-16","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of Amazon's statement, from the page's datePublished metadata (2024-10-16; the page text shows no date); the agreement's own date is not given."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-amazon-talen-colocation-1"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"onsite_generation"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-ferc-susquehanna-isa-rejected","subject":"us-ferc","predicate":"regulator_decision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Rejection of the amended Susquehanna Interconnection Service Agreement (co-located load 300 MW to 480 MW)"},"topic":"governance","statement":"FERC, by order issued on 1 November 2024 (189 FERC ¶ 61,078, Docket ER24-2172), rejected the amended Interconnection Service Agreement among PJM, Susquehanna Nuclear and PPL Electric Utilities, which would have increased the co-located load at the Susquehanna plant from 300 MW to 480 MW. World Nuclear News reported the rejection on 4 November 2024.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2024-11-01","basis":"publication","note":"Date the order was issued, as it states; the report is dated 4 November 2024."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-ferc-susquehanna-isa-rejected-1","evidence-cpo-pw-ferc-susquehanna-isa-rejected-2","evidence-cpo-pw-ferc-susquehanna-isa-rejected-3","evidence-cpo-pw-ferc-susquehanna-isa-rejected-4","evidence-cpo-pw-ferc-susquehanna-isa-rejected-5","evidence-cpo-pw-ferc-susquehanna-isa-rejected-6","evidence-cpo-pw-ferc-susquehanna-isa-rejected-7"],"attributes":{"quantity":{"value":480,"unit":"MW co-located load (proposed, up from 300 MW)","bound":"exact","measures":"facility_power"},"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"interconnection"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa","subject":"talen-energy","predicate":"power_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"amazon"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Talen announced on 11 June 2025 a power purchase agreement to supply 1,920 MWe from its Susquehanna nuclear plant to support Amazon Web Services’ data centres, running until 2042, with deliveries ramping to full volume no later than 2032, as the cross-family check read Talen’s release; World Nuclear News reported it on 12 June 2025.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-06-11","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of Talen’s release as the cross-family check read it; the report is dated 12 June 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-1","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-2","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-3","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-4","evidence-cpo-pw-talen-amazon-1920mw-ppa-5"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"contracted","quantity":{"value":1920,"unit":"MWe (as worded)","bound":"exact","measures":"contracted_energy"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"delivery_target","date":"2032","statedBy":"talen-energy"},{"kind":"contract_term","date":"2042","statedBy":"talen-energy"}],"power":{"technology":"nuclear","mechanism":"ppa"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-uk-ai-energy-council","subject":"dsit","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"uk-ai-energy-council-statement-2025"},"topic":"governance","statement":"DSIT and DESNZ announced that the AI Energy Council, co-chaired by the Technology and Energy Secretaries, held its first meeting on 8 April 2025, expected to advise on energy efficiency and sustainability in AI and data-centre infrastructure.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-04-08","basis":"announcement","note":"The release says the meeting takes place 'today (8 April)'."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-uk-ai-energy-council-1","evidence-cpo-pw-uk-ai-energy-council-2","evidence-cpo-pw-uk-ai-energy-council-3"]},{"id":"cpo-pw-us-eo14141-federal-sites","subject":"us-eo-14141-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Sec. 4(a): DoD and DOE each to identify at least three federal sites for frontier AI data centres and their clean energy facilities"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Section 4(a) of Executive Order 14141 directed the Secretaries of Defense and Energy to identify, by 28 February 2025 and if possible, at least three sites each on federal land that could be leased for frontier AI data centres and the clean energy facilities to serve them, by the end of 2027.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-01-17","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as the text states it, dated by its date of publication, 2025-01-17. Signed on 14 January 2025; published in the Federal Register of 17 January 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14141-federal-sites-1","evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14141-federal-sites-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"required_action","key":"us-eo14141-sec4a-federal-sites"},"statedDates":[{"kind":"deadline","date":"2025-02-28","statedBy":"us-white-house"}]}},{"id":"cpo-pw-us-eo14318-data-center-project","subject":"us-eo-14318-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Sec. 2(a): definition of \"Data Center Project\" (more than 100 MW of new load for AI)"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Section 2(a) of Executive Order 14318 defines a \"Data Center Project\" as a facility requiring more than 100 MW of new load dedicated to AI inference, training, simulation or synthetic data generation.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-07-28","basis":"publication","note":"Provision as the text states it, dated by its date of publication, 2025-07-28. Signed on 23 July 2025; published in the Federal Register of 28 July 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14318-data-center-project-1","evidence-cpo-pw-us-eo14318-data-center-project-2"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"us-eo14318-sec2a"},"quantity":{"value":100,"unit":"megawatts (MW) of new load","bound":"more_than","measures":"facility_power"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-doe-ai-site-selection","subject":"us-doe","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Selection of four DOE sites (INL, Oak Ridge, Paducah, Savannah River) for AI data centre and energy generation projects"},"topic":"compute","statement":"DOE announced on 24 July 2025 that it had selected Idaho National Laboratory, the Oak Ridge Reservation, the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant and the Savannah River Site to invite private partners to develop AI data centre and energy generation projects, following an April 2025 request for information.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-07-24","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-doe-ai-site-selection-1","evidence-cpo-pw-doe-ai-site-selection-2","evidence-cpo-pw-doe-ai-site-selection-3"],"attributes":{"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_completion","date":"2025","wording":"end of 2025","statedBy":"us-doe"}]}},{"id":"cpo-pw-doe-403-large-loads","subject":"us-doe","predicate":"published","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"us-doe-403-large-loads-2025"},"topic":"governance","statement":"In a letter of 23 October 2025, citing his authority under section 403 of the DOE Organization Act, the Secretary of Energy directed FERC to initiate rulemaking and attached for its consideration an advance notice of proposed rulemaking on interconnecting large loads, including AI data centres, to the transmission system, asking for final action no later than 30 April 2026.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-23","basis":"signature","note":"Date of signature, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-doe-403-large-loads-1","evidence-cpo-pw-doe-403-large-loads-2","evidence-cpo-pw-doe-403-large-loads-3","evidence-cpo-pw-doe-403-large-loads-4","evidence-cpo-pw-doe-403-large-loads-5"],"attributes":{"statedDates":[{"kind":"deadline","date":"2026-04-30","statedBy":"us-doe"}]}},{"id":"cpo-pw-nnsa-amentum-srs","subject":"us-nnsa","predicate":"government_award","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"amentum"},"topic":"capital","statement":"NNSA announced on 20 July 2026 the selection of Amentum to enter negotiations for a phased lease to develop an AI data centre with dedicated on-site energy generation at the Savannah River Site, a project of a 1 GW data centre and about 2 GW of generation from natural gas bridging to nuclear.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-07-20","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-nnsa-amentum-srs-1","evidence-cpo-pw-nnsa-amentum-srs-2","evidence-cpo-pw-nnsa-amentum-srs-3"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"announced","quantity":{"value":2,"unit":"gigawatts of on-site energy generation (as worded: 'approximately 2-gigawatts'); data centre 1 gigawatt","bound":"approximate","measures":"generation_capacity"},"power":{"technology":"mixed","mechanism":"onsite_generation"},"stageWording":"selected to enter lease negotiations (as stated)"}},{"id":"cpo-pw-tx-sb6-75mw-threshold","subject":"tx-sb6-2025","predicate":"states_provision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Utilities Code Sec. 37.0561(c): large-load interconnection standards apply above a 75 MW threshold unless the commission sets a lower one"},"topic":"governance","statement":"Texas S.B. 6 adds Utilities Code Section 37.0561, under which the commission's large-load interconnection standards for the ERCOT region apply to new or expanded interconnections above a demand threshold, set at 75 MW unless the commission finds a lower threshold necessary.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-06-20","basis":"effective","note":"Provision as the text states it, dated by its date of effect, 2025-06-20. Signed by the Governor and effective immediately on 20 June 2025, as the bill history records; the enrolled text certifies Senate passage on 19 March 2025 and concurrence in House amendments on 29 May 2025."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-tx-sb6-75mw-threshold-1"],"attributes":{"provision":{"kind":"threshold","key":"tx-sb6-sec37-0561c"},"quantity":{"value":75,"unit":"megawatts","bound":"exact","measures":"facility_power"}}},{"id":"cpo-pw-shelby-xai-turbine-permit","subject":"shelby-county-health-department","predicate":"regulator_decision","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Air permit for 15 natural gas-fired combustion turbines at xAI's Memphis facility"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The Shelby County Health Department issued construction permit 01156-01PC on 2 July 2025 to CTC Property LLC for fifteen Solar SMT-130 natural gas-fired combustion turbines, each rated at 16.48 MW, at xAI’s Memphis facility, with a printed expiry of 2 January 2027, as the cross-family check read the permit. Action News 5 reported the approval on 2 July 2025.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-07-02","basis":"publication","note":"Date the permit was issued, as the check read it on the permit; the press report is dated the same day."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-pw-shelby-xai-turbine-permit-1","evidence-cpo-pw-shelby-xai-turbine-permit-2","evidence-cpo-pw-shelby-xai-turbine-permit-3","evidence-cpo-pw-shelby-xai-turbine-permit-4","evidence-cpo-pw-shelby-xai-turbine-permit-5"],"attributes":{"quantity":{"value":15,"unit":"turbines","bound":"exact"},"power":{"technology":"gas","mechanism":"onsite_generation"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-huawei-ascend-roadmap","subject":"huawei","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Ascend 950, 960 and 970 chip series"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Eric Xu stated, in Huawei’s published keynote transcript, at Huawei Connect on 18 September 2025 that over the next three years Huawei would work on three new Ascend chip series (950, 960 and 970), with the Ascend 950PR to be available in the first quarter of 2026, the 950DT in the fourth quarter of 2026, the 960 in the fourth quarter of 2027 and the 970 planned for the fourth quarter of 2028.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-09-18","basis":"announcement","note":"Date line of the keynote transcript."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-huawei-ascend-roadmap-1","evidence-cpo-ch-huawei-ascend-roadmap-2","evidence-cpo-ch-huawei-ascend-roadmap-3","evidence-cpo-ch-huawei-ascend-roadmap-4","evidence-cpo-ch-huawei-ascend-roadmap-5"],"attributes":{"statedDates":[{"kind":"launch_target","date":"2026","wording":"Q1 2026","statedBy":"huawei","note":"Ascend 950PR"},{"kind":"launch_target","date":"2026","wording":"Q4 2026","statedBy":"huawei","note":"Ascend 950DT"},{"kind":"launch_target","date":"2027","wording":"Q4 2027","statedBy":"huawei","note":"Ascend 960"},{"kind":"launch_target","date":"2028","wording":"Q4 2028","statedBy":"huawei","note":"Ascend 970"}]}},{"id":"cpo-ch-humain-amd","subject":"humain","predicate":"supply_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"amd"},"topic":"compute","statement":"AMD and HUMAIN announced on 13 May 2025 an agreement under which the parties will invest up to $10 billion to deploy 500 megawatts of AI compute capacity over five years, with HUMAIN delivering the data-centre, power and fibre infrastructure and AMD providing its AI compute portfolio and ROCm software.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-05-13","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-humain-amd-1","evidence-cpo-ch-humain-amd-2","evidence-cpo-ch-humain-amd-3"],"attributes":{"transactionStage":"announced","amount":{"value":10000000000,"currency":"USD","bound":"up_to","scope":"programme","scopeNote":"both parties together"},"quantity":{"value":500,"unit":"MW (as worded: '500 megawatts of AI compute capacity'; 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first phase 18,000 GB300"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-anthropic-nvidia-capacity","subject":"anthropic","predicate":"compute_capacity","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"nvidia"},"topic":"compute","statement":"The joint announcement of 18 November 2025 stated that Anthropic’s compute commitment would initially be up to one gigawatt of compute capacity with NVIDIA Grace Blackwell and Vera Rubin systems, and that Anthropic and NVIDIA would collaborate on design and engineering.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-18","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-anthropic-nvidia-capacity-1","evidence-cpo-ch-anthropic-nvidia-capacity-2"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"compute_capacity","relationshipContext":"external","transactionStage":"committed","quantity":{"value":1,"unit":"GW (as worded: 'up to one gigawatt of compute capacity')","bound":"up_to","measures":"not_stated"},"supply":{"product":"systems","units":"NVIDIA Grace Blackwell and Vera Rubin systems"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-microsoft-anthropic-investment","subject":"microsoft","predicate":"investment_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"capital","statement":"The joint announcement of 18 November 2025 stated that Microsoft was committing to invest up to $5 billion in Anthropic.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-18","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-microsoft-anthropic-investment-1"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"equity_investment","relationshipContext":"external","transactionStage":"committed","amount":{"value":5000000000,"currency":"USD","bound":"up_to","scope":"transaction","scopeNote":"investor_commitment"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-nvidia-anthropic-investment","subject":"nvidia","predicate":"investment_announced","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"anthropic"},"topic":"capital","statement":"The joint announcement of 18 November 2025 stated that NVIDIA was committing to invest up to $10 billion in Anthropic.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-18","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-ch-nvidia-anthropic-investment-1"],"attributes":{"transactionType":"equity_investment","relationshipContext":"external","transactionStage":"committed","amount":{"value":10000000000,"currency":"USD","bound":"up_to","scope":"transaction","scopeNote":"investor_commitment"}}},{"id":"cpo-ch-nvidia-blackwell-tsmc-arizona","subject":"nvidia","predicate":"supply_agreement","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"tsmc"},"topic":"compute","statement":"NVIDIA stated on 14 April 2025 that NVIDIA Blackwell chips had started production at TSMC’s chip plants in Phoenix, Arizona.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-04-14","basis":"announcement","note":"Dated by NVIDIA’s statement; the date production started is not given. 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Date of filing as the regulator lists it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-fcc-filed-1","evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-fcc-filed-2","evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-fcc-filed-3"],"attributes":{"quantity":{"value":88000,"unit":"satellites (as worded: 'up to 88,000 satellites')","bound":"up_to"}}},{"id":"cpo-orb-blue-origin-fcc-filed","subject":"blue-origin","predicate":"filed_application","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"blue-origin-sunrise-application-2026"},"topic":"governance","statement":"The FCC listed Blue Origin's application for authority to deploy and operate up to 51,600 satellites (\"Project Sunrise\") as a data centre in space, with a filing date of 19 March 2026, as accepted for filing in Report No. SAT-01992 of 17 April 2026.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-03-19","note":"Date filed as listed by the FCC; the file number embeds 20260310. Date of filing as the regulator lists it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-blue-origin-fcc-filed-1","evidence-cpo-orb-blue-origin-fcc-filed-2","evidence-cpo-orb-blue-origin-fcc-filed-3"],"attributes":{"quantity":{"value":51600,"unit":"satellites (as worded: 'up to 51,600 satellites')","bound":"up_to"}}},{"id":"cpo-orb-nvidia-space-1-module","subject":"nvidia","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"NVIDIA Space-1 Vera Rubin Module for orbital data centres (to be available at a later date)"},"topic":"compute","statement":"NVIDIA announced on 16 March 2026 its Space-1 Vera Rubin Module for orbital data centres, stating that its Rubin GPU delivers up to 25 times the AI compute of an H100 for space-based inferencing and that it will be available at a later date.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-03-16","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-nvidia-space-1-module-1","evidence-cpo-orb-nvidia-space-1-module-2"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-spacex-odc-plan","subject":"spacex","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"spacex-orbital-data-center-system"},"topic":"compute","statement":"In its 2 February 2026 update on acquiring xAI, SpaceX stated a plan to launch a constellation of a million satellites operating as orbital data centres.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-02-02","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-spacex-odc-plan-1","evidence-cpo-orb-spacex-odc-plan-2"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-spacexai-starmind-plan","subject":"spacexai","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"starmind-gen1"},"topic":"compute","statement":"NVIDIA's release of 24 August 2026 stated that SpaceXAI plans a first-generation Starmind AI satellite based on an optimised NVIDIA Vera Rubin NVL72 rack-scale system.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-08-24","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-spacexai-starmind-plan-1"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-starcloud-5gw-plan","subject":"starcloud","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"5-gigawatt orbital data centre with solar and cooling panels about 4 km by 4 km"},"topic":"compute","statement":"According to NVIDIA's blog of 15 October 2025, Starcloud plans to build a 5-gigawatt orbital data centre with solar and cooling panels about 4 kilometres in width and length.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-10-15","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the NVIDIA post relaying the plan; the white paper of September 2024 already describes a 5 GW design."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-5gw-plan-1","evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-5gw-plan-2","evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-5gw-plan-3"],"attributes":{"quantity":{"value":5,"unit":"GW (as worded: '5-gigawatt orbital data center')","bound":"exact","measures":"not_stated"}}},{"id":"cpo-orb-starcloud-1-launch-stated","subject":"starcloud","predicate":"launch_stated","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"starcloud-1"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Starcloud states that Starcloud-1 launched in November 2025 carrying an NVIDIA H100 GPU.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11","basis":"announcement","note":"Month as Starcloud states it on an undated page read on 2026-10-28; no day or vehicle is given there. Dated by the statement of the launch."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-1-launch-stated-1","evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-1-launch-stated-2"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-starcloud-1-training-stated","subject":"starcloud-1","predicate":"status_stated","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"ran a version of Gemini and trained the nanoGPT model in orbit (as Starcloud states)"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Starcloud states that in December (2025, by context) Starcloud-1 ran a version of Gemini and trained an LLM, the nanoGPT model.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-28","note":"Undated page; the event month is given as \"December\" without a year, read as December 2025 from the November 2025 launch on the same page."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-1-training-stated-1","evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-1-training-stated-2"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-starcloud-2-plan","subject":"starcloud","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"starcloud-2"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Starcloud states that Starcloud-2, its first commercial mission with a GPU cluster, will be fully operational in sun-synchronous orbit by 2027.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2026-10-28","note":"Undated page read on 2026-10-28."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-2-plan-1","evidence-cpo-orb-starcloud-2-plan-2"],"attributes":{"statedDates":[{"kind":"target_operation","date":"2027","statedBy":"starcloud"}]}},{"id":"cpo-orb-suncatcher-announced","subject":"google","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"Project Suncatcher: research moonshot on solar-powered satellite constellations carrying TPUs"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Google announced Project Suncatcher on 4 November 2025, a research \"moonshot\" exploring constellations of solar-powered satellites carrying Google TPUs and linked by free-space optics to scale machine-learning compute in space.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-04","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-suncatcher-announced-1","evidence-cpo-orb-suncatcher-announced-2"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-suncatcher-prototype-plan","subject":"google","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"suncatcher-prototypes"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Google stated that Suncatcher's next milestone is a learning mission with Planet to launch two prototype satellites by early 2027.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-11-04","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of the announcement, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-suncatcher-prototype-plan-1"],"attributes":{"statedDates":[{"kind":"launch_target","date":"2027","wording":"early 2027","statedBy":"google"}]}},{"id":"cpo-orb-three-body-composition","subject":"three-body-computing-constellation","predicate":"uses_hardware_from","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ada-space"},"topic":"compute","statement":"A press report relayed on ncsti.gov.cn on 15 May 2025 states that the space computing constellation consists of 12 satellites built by ADA Space and carries Zhejiang Lab's onboard intelligent computers and space-based models.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2025-05-15","basis":"publication","note":"Date of publication, as the source gives it."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-composition-1","evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-composition-2"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-three-body-capacity-stated","subject":"three-body-computing-constellation","predicate":"status_stated","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"5 POPS overall in-orbit computing (as reported)"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Science and Technology Daily, relayed on ncsti.gov.cn, reported Zhejiang Lab as stating that the constellation's first mission reached an overall in-orbit computing power of 5 POPS and had deployed and verified 10 AI models and applications in orbit.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-02-12","basis":"announcement","note":"Date on which the report says the reporter learned this from Zhejiang Lab; the relay is dated 13 February 2026. Dated by the statement of the status, not by the event it reports."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-capacity-stated-1","evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-capacity-stated-2"],"attributes":{"quantity":{"value":5,"unit":"POPS (as worded: '5POPS')","bound":"exact"}}},{"id":"cpo-orb-three-body-thousand-plan","subject":"zhejiang-lab","predicate":"announced_plan","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"three-body-computing-constellation"},"topic":"compute","statement":"Science and Technology Daily, relayed on ncsti.gov.cn, described the Three-Body Computing Constellation as a thousand-satellite-scale space computing infrastructure that Zhejiang Lab is building with global partners, and stated that its first 12 computing satellites entered orbit on 14 May 2025.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-02-13","basis":"publication","note":"Relay date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","editorialState":"seed","evidenceIds":["evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-thousand-plan-1","evidence-cpo-orb-three-body-thousand-plan-2"]},{"id":"cpo-orb-landspace-zq2e-y4-launch-stated","subject":"landspace","predicate":"launch_stated","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"adaspace-xingshidai-39-44-50"},"topic":"compute","statement":"LandSpace stated that at 19:40 Beijing time on 14 October 2026 its Zhuque-2E Y4 rocket, launched from the Dongfeng commercial space innovation test zone, placed ten satellites in their planned orbit, among them eight ADA Space Xingshidai satellites (39 and 44 to 50) built by ADA Space mainly to verify high-performance computing payloads, inter-satellite and satellite-to-ground laser communication and large radiative cooling wings.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2026-10-14","basis":"announcement","note":"Date of LandSpace’s release; the launch time is the 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