{"entities":[{"id":"extropy-1991-futique-neologisms","shortName":"Futique Neologisms (Extropy 7, 1991)","type":"document"},{"id":"extropy-1992-futique-neologisms-2","shortName":"Futique Neologisms 2 (Extropy 8, 1991–92)","type":"document"},{"id":"rosenfelder-1991-cheating-turing-test","shortName":"Rosenfelder, Re: Cheating on the Turing Test (1991)","type":"document"},{"id":"gudeman-1991-awareness","shortName":"Gudeman, Awareness (1991)","type":"document"},{"id":"krueger-1991-computers-wage-structure","shortName":"Krueger, How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure (1991)","type":"document"},{"id":"alan-b-krueger","name":"Alan B. Krueger","type":"person"},{"id":"mark-rosenfelder","name":"Mark Rosenfelder","type":"person"}],"claims":[{"id":"ts-a1-extropy-1991-context","subject":"extropy-1991-futique-neologisms","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"intelligence-explosion"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The 1991 Extropy glossary defines singularity as a future point or period in which self-directed evolution accelerates through nanotechnology, neuroscience and AI, beyond which events cannot be reliably foreseen.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991","basis":"publication","note":"Winter/Spring 1991 on the page footer; the cover says Spring 1991."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Self-directed evolution accelerates broadly, without machine intelligence improving its own research capacity."}}},{"id":"ts-a4-extropy-1991-context","subject":"extropy-1991-futique-neologisms","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"fast-or-hard-takeoff"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The 1991 Extropy glossary describes the singularity as enormous acceleration beyond which events cannot be foreseen.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991","basis":"publication","note":"Winter/Spring 1991 on the page footer; the cover says Spring 1991."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Enormous acceleration and a limit to foresight, without a transition period."}}},{"id":"ts-a4-extropy-1992-context","subject":"extropy-1992-futique-neologisms-2","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"fast-or-hard-takeoff"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The Extropy glossary of Winter 1991/92 defines a singularitarian as someone who advocates the idea that technological progress will produce a singularity in human history.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991","basis":"publication","note":"Winter 1991/92 issue; the year given is when that season began, and publication may fall in early 1992."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Defines an advocate of the technological singularity; no transition period or AI mechanism."}}},{"id":"ts-c1-rosenfelder-1991","subject":"rosenfelder-1991-cheating-turing-test","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"behavioural-tests-as-evidence"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Rosenfelder’s 1991 message says the Turing test has always seemed too easy to its author, because humans are so easy to fool.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991-11-20","basis":"publication","note":"Date header 20 Nov 91 17:56:48 GMT; the Message-ID carries the same date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"ts-c2-rosenfelder-1991","subject":"rosenfelder-1991-cheating-turing-test","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"designed-deception-of-testers"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Rosenfelder’s 1991 message proposes ways a program could cheat the Turing test: rephrase and agree with the tester, change the subject when it cannot analyse an input, and ask flattering questions.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991-11-20","basis":"publication","note":"Date header 20 Nov 91 17:56:48 GMT; the Message-ID carries the same date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"ts-b3-rosenfelder-1991-context","subject":"rosenfelder-1991-cheating-turing-test","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"deceptive-alignment"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Rosenfelder’s 1991 message proposes conversational tricks a program could use to seem more capable to a tester.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991-11-20","basis":"publication","note":"Date header 20 Nov 91 17:56:48 GMT; the Message-ID carries the same date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"No learned system that fakes alignment during training for a separate goal."}}},{"id":"ts-c1-gudeman-1991","subject":"gudeman-1991-awareness","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"behavioural-tests-as-evidence"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Gudeman’s 1991 message argues that a program’s success in the Turing test depends on the persona and the testers, and that no point in that continuum of results shows awareness in the sense that a human is aware.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991-11-27","basis":"publication","note":"Date header 27 Nov 91 20:18:25 GMT; the local receipt line, 1 December, is a separate timestamp."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction"}}},{"id":"ec-m01-krueger-1991-computers-wage-structure-b","subject":"krueger-1991-computers-wage-structure","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"automation-as-ordinary-technical-change"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Krueger, “How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Microdata, 1984-89” (1991-10) bears on M01. Krueger frames computers as a measurable workplace technology and estimates a wage premium for computer users from CPS and High School and Beyond microdata.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991-10","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"October 1991\"; text dated \"August 1991\" inside. Journal version: QJE 108(1), 1993 (Crossref census), not retrieved. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"States the research question; the framing as technical change is in M01-13.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Krueger an economist."}}}},{"id":"ec-m01-krueger-1991-computers-wage-structure-a","subject":"krueger-1991-computers-wage-structure","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"automation-as-ordinary-technical-change"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Krueger, “How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Microdata, 1984-89” (1991-10) articulates M01. The conclusion places the computer premium inside the skill-biased technological change explanation of 1980s wage-structure changes, against the competing trade explanation.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991-10","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"October 1991\"; text dated \"August 1991\" inside. Journal version: QJE 108(1), 1993 (Crossref census), not retrieved. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Krueger an economist."}}}},{"id":"ap-alan-b-krueger-krueger-1991-computers-wage-structure","subject":"alan-b-krueger","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"krueger-1991-computers-wage-structure"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Microdata, 1984-89” (1991-10) credits Alan B. Krueger as its author.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991-10","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"},{"id":"ap-mark-rosenfelder-rosenfelder-1991-cheating-turing-test","subject":"mark-rosenfelder","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"rosenfelder-1991-cheating-turing-test"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"The mailing-list message “Re: Cheating on the Turing Test” (1991-11-20) is sent under the name Mark Rosenfelder.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"1991-11-20","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"}],"sources":[],"evidence":[],"at":{"entities":[272,273,274,275,535,892,916],"claims":[822,823,824,825,826,827,828,1304,1305,2281,2317],"sources":[],"evidence":[]},"version":"1lg47t7"}