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Nordhaus models AI-driven growth with a standard neoclassical growth model in which information capital receives capital-augmenting technical change; the outcome turns on the elasticity of substitution.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Dated September 2015, after the working boundary; the paper also discusses superintelligence as a distinct prospect drawn from computer science.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."},"conditions":"Constant savings rate, closed economy, capital-augmenting technical change, CES production."}}},{"id":"ec-m02-autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs-a","subject":"autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ai-as-task-automation"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Autor, “Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation” (2015) articulates M02. Autor describes automation as computers substituting for workers in routine, codifiable tasks while complementing workers in non-routine tasks.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","basis":"publication","note":"AEA article page: vol. 29, no. 3, Summer 2015. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"JEP (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"ec-m05-autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs-c","subject":"autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs","predicate":"contests_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"machines-cheaper-at-every-task"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Autor, “Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation” (2015) contests M05. Reflecting on AI and robotics, Autor expects workers to keep a comparative advantage in problem-solving, adaptability and creativity, against commentators who 'overstate the extent of machine substitution'.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","basis":"publication","note":"AEA article page: vol. 29, no. 3, Summer 2015. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["contesting"],"register":"nonfiction","engagement":{"kind":"contrary-only","rationale":"States that workers retain a comparative advantage in some tasks without, in the abstract, analysing the premise that machines could become cheaper at all tasks."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"JEP (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"ec-m05-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-b","subject":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"machines-cheaper-at-every-task"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) bears on M05. In the accelerationist case of the model, information capital substitutes so well for labour that all income eventually accrues to capital owners, the reverse of Keynes's 'euthanasia of the rentier'. Nordhaus states that the Singularity would require AI to 'encompass all human activities' and notes that non-routine tasks change in response to AI, leaving immunity of other tasks 'an open question'. Nordhaus quotes Simon's 1965 statement of technological radicalism and contrasts it with Simon's moderate productivity expectation. Nordhaus reports that Simon, despite his capability forecast, did not expect accelerating productivity growth.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","qualifier":"A model scenario under stated conditions, not the author’s own claim.","missing":"(M05-18) A capital share tending to one does not imply every present and future task is performed more cheaply by machines; the continuation explicitly retains well-paid workers. (M05-19) Raises the role of evolving (new) tasks but neither asserts nor rules out machines performing them more cheaply; treats it as an empirical question of substitutability. (M05-41) A relayed capability forecast by Simon (1965), not a claim about cost relative to labour; in the same passage Nordhaus reports that Simon expected only a \"continuing, but not greatly accelerated, rise in productivity\". (M05-42) A relayed productivity expectation; it does not address cost relative to labour in all tasks.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."},"conditions":"Elasticity of substitution between information capital and labour bounded above one; rapid capital-augmenting technical change."}}},{"id":"ec-m05-benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us-b","subject":"benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"machines-cheaper-at-every-task"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Benzell et al., “Robots Are Us: Some Economics of Human Replacement” (2015-02) bears on M05. The model splits output into an automatable good produced by capital and code and a non-automatable service ('prayer') produced only by labour; the introduction (pdf p. 3) says it is 'hard to think of hitherto human tasks that smart machines can't already or won't soon do'.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-02","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"February 2015, Revised October 2018\". The retrieved PDF is the October 2018 revision, so its wording is attested from 2018-10 only. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"The model keeps a non-automatable labour-only sector, so machines do not perform all tasks; new tasks are not modelled.","attested":{"date":"2018-10","note":"Revision date on the cover of the retrieved PDF; the February 2015 wording was not retrieved."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."},"conditions":"Corn produced with capital and code; prayer produced with high- and low-tech labour only."}}},{"id":"ec-m06a-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-a","subject":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"automation-lowers-labour-income"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) articulates M06a. Extending the growth model to heterogeneous labour, Nordhaus shows that if unskilled labour is a perfect substitute for information capital its wage falls with capital prices; with a reservation wage its employment approaches zero.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."},"conditions":"Unskilled labour a perfect substitute for information capital; skilled labour highly but imperfectly substitutable."}}},{"id":"ec-m06a-benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us-a","subject":"benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"automation-lowers-labour-income"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Benzell et al., “Robots Are Us: Some Economics of Human Replacement” (2015-02) articulates M06a. The authors state that their model predicts a long-run fall in labour's share as code accumulates, and point to the measured decline in Section 6.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-02","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"February 2015, Revised October 2018\". The retrieved PDF is the October 2018 revision, so its wording is attested from 2018-10 only. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2018-10","note":"Revision date on the cover of the retrieved PDF; the February 2015 wording was not retrieved."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."},"conditions":"Decline in the code depreciation rate in an OLG model with rival, excludable code (baseline case)."}}},{"id":"ec-m06b-pratt-2015-cambrian-explosion-robotics-b","subject":"pratt-2015-cambrian-explosion-robotics","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"compensating-policy-for-ai"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Pratt, “Is a Cambrian Explosion Coming for Robotics?” (2015) bears on M06b. Pratt, a robotics researcher, reviews cloud robotics and deep learning and announces suggestions for addressing economic difficulties from robotics.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","basis":"publication","note":"AEA article page. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"The abstract does not say what the 'ways to address potential difficulties' are or tie them to distributional effects.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"JEP (core venue), so tier 1 although Pratt is a roboticist, not an economist."}}}},{"id":"ec-m06b-benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us-a","subject":"benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"compensating-policy-for-ai"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Benzell et al., “Robots Are Us: Some Economics of Human Replacement” (2015-02) articulates M06b. The conclusion argues that redistributive fiscal policy (taxing high-skilled workers who gain and investing the proceeds) can prevent immiseration, while blunt policies such as restricting labour supply or weakening IP can backfire.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-02","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"February 2015, Revised October 2018\". The retrieved PDF is the October 2018 revision, so its wording is attested from 2018-10 only. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"nonfiction","attested":{"date":"2018-10","note":"Revision date on the cover of the retrieved PDF; the February 2015 wording was not retrieved."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."},"conditions":"Immiseration requires low saving propensity and low substitutability between capital and code."}}},{"id":"ec-m09-mokyr-vickers-ziebarth-2015-technological-anxiety-b","subject":"mokyr-vickers-ziebarth-2015-technological-anxiety","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"recent-economics-engagement-with-ai"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Mokyr, Vickers, Ziebarth, “The History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth: Is This Time Different?” (2015) bears on M09. Mokyr, Vickers and Ziebarth survey economists' historical views on technological unemployment, moral effects of technology and stagnation, and compare them with current concerns.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","basis":"publication","note":"AEA article page. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Concerns economists' past views of technology and machinery in general, not machine intelligence; no self-description of the field as new or neglected.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"JEP (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"ec-m09-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-b","subject":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"recent-economics-engagement-with-ai"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) bears on M09. Nordhaus notes the scarcity of macroeconomic work on accelerating growth from computation and AI, apart from endogenous-growth curiosities and Simon's earlier analysis. Introducing computer scientists' views of AI and superintelligence, Nordhaus signals that these ideas lie outside economists' usual frame. Nordhaus credits Simon's 1965 book with a macroeconomic analysis of computerisation based on the factor-price frontier, and criticises its assumption of a constant capital share.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"(M09-11) The claim is about singularity in modern macroeconomics, after a substantive account of Simon; it cannot establish recent entry of machine intelligence generally. (M09-12) Describes economists' unfamiliarity with the material, not explicitly the field as new or neglected. (M09-35) A 2015 economist's account of earlier economic analysis of computerisation, not a description of the field as new; it bears on M09 as counter-context to an \"only recently\" reading.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."}}}},{"id":"ec-m09-benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us-b","subject":"benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"recent-economics-engagement-with-ai"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Benzell et al., “Robots Are Us: Some Economics of Human Replacement” (2015-02) bears on M09. The authors describe a shift from the postwar dismissal of technological-unemployment concerns to recent economic work on smart machines, citing Brynjolfsson and McAfee and Aghion et al. as part of a 'burgeoning literature'.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-02","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"February 2015, Revised October 2018\". The retrieved PDF is the October 2018 revision, so its wording is attested from 2018-10 only. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Describes a renewed debate with acknowledged older roots, not the field as new.","attested":{"date":"2018-10","note":"Revision date on the cover of the retrieved PDF; the February 2015 wording was not retrieved."},"tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue)."}}}},{"id":"ec-e01-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-a","subject":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ai-improving-ai-accelerates-capability"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) articulates E01. Nordhaus quotes I. J. Good to explain the Singularity idea.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"relay","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."}}}},{"id":"ec-e01-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-b","subject":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ai-improving-ai-accelerates-capability"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) bears on E01. Nordhaus summarises his tests: five of seven are negative, and the two positive ones put the Singularity 100 years or more away.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"A growth-singularity test (growth above 20% a year), not AI improving AI (scope boundary).","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."},"conditions":"Simple extrapolation of the two positive tests."}}},{"id":"ec-e02-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-a","subject":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"machine-intelligence-exceeds-humans-in-all-domains"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) articulates E02. Nordhaus reports the computer-science view, quoting Bostrom (2006).","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["articulation"],"register":"relay","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."}}}},{"id":"ec-e03-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-a","subject":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ai-existential-risk-in-economic-analysis"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) articulates E03. Nordhaus adds the superintelligent machines themselves to his list of risks in a section on \"evil agents\".","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."},"conditions":"If Good's description of superintelligence is taken seriously."}}},{"id":"ec-e04-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-b","subject":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","predicate":"bears_on_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"ai-developer-incentives-and-safety"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) bears on E04. Nordhaus compares the diffusion of superintelligence technology with that of weapons technology.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["context"],"register":"nonfiction","missing":"Diffusion to adversaries, not how developers' incentives or governance affect safety.","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."}}}},{"id":"ec-e05-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity-a","subject":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","predicate":"articulates_proposition","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"economics-engagement-with-superintelligence"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"Nordhaus, “Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) articulates E05. Nordhaus introduces the computer-science literature on AI and the Singularity to economists. Nordhaus surveys economic antecedents (Keynes, Simon and others) before his model.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Cover \"September 2015\". Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"thought":{"roles":["earliest-located"],"register":"nonfiction","tier":{"value":1,"basis":"NBER working paper (core venue); Nordhaus an economist."}}}},{"id":"lg-gc-jingren-zhou-alibaba-joined-2015","subject":"jingren-zhou","predicate":"held_role","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"alibaba-group"},"topic":"people","statement":"Alibaba’s news site Alizila stated on 23 January 2025 that Jingren Zhou joined Alibaba Group in 2015.","time":{"kind":"snapshot","date":"2015","note":"Year of joining as stated; no month. A start, not a stated service interval."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"role":"joined Alibaba Group (no title given)"}},{"id":"lg-oai-andrej-karpathy-founding-member-2015","subject":"andrej-karpathy","predicate":"co_founded","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"OpenAI’s launch announcement of 11 December 2015 names Andrej Karpathy among the group’s founding members.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","note":"Founding participation documented by the December 2015 launch announcement; year precision does not assert an incorporation date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"role":"Founding member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-founding-stated-2015","subject":"openai","predicate":"founding_stated","object":{"kind":"literal","value":"2015, as a nonprofit"},"topic":"institutions","statement":"OpenAI stated in its recapitalization announcement of 28 October 2025 that it was founded in 2015 as a nonprofit.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","note":"Founding year as the source states it (year precision)."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"},{"id":"lg-oai-pamela-vagata-founding-member-2015","subject":"pamela-vagata","predicate":"co_founded","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"OpenAI’s launch announcement of 11 December 2015 names Pamela Vagata among the group’s founding members.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","note":"Founding participation documented by the December 2015 launch announcement; year precision does not assert an incorporation date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"role":"Founding member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-trevor-blackwell-founding-member-2015","subject":"trevor-blackwell","predicate":"co_founded","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"OpenAI’s launch announcement of 11 December 2015 names Trevor Blackwell among the group’s founding members.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","note":"Founding participation documented by the December 2015 launch announcement; year precision does not assert an incorporation date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"role":"Founding member"}},{"id":"lg-oai-vicki-cheung-founding-member-2015","subject":"vicki-cheung","predicate":"co_founded","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"openai"},"topic":"people","statement":"OpenAI’s launch announcement of 11 December 2015 names Vicki Cheung among the group’s founding members.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","note":"Founding participation documented by the December 2015 launch announcement; year precision does not assert an incorporation date."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported","attributes":{"role":"Founding member"}},{"id":"ap-stuart-armstrong-corrigibility-2015","subject":"stuart-armstrong","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"corrigibility-2015"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Corrigibility” (2015-01-25) credits Stuart Armstrong as one of its 4 authors.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-01-25","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"},{"id":"ap-david-h-autor-autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs","subject":"david-h-autor","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"autor-2015-why-are-there-still-so-many-jobs"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation” (2015) credits David H. Autor as its author.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"},{"id":"ap-seth-g-benzell-benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us","subject":"seth-g-benzell","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Robots Are Us: Some Economics of Human Replacement” (2015-02) credits Seth G. Benzell as one of its 4 authors.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-02","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"},{"id":"ap-benja-fallenstein-corrigibility-2015","subject":"benja-fallenstein","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"corrigibility-2015"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Corrigibility” (2015-01-25) credits Benja Fallenstein as one of its 4 authors.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-01-25","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"},{"id":"ap-laurence-j-kotlikoff-benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us","subject":"laurence-j-kotlikoff","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Robots Are Us: Some Economics of Human Replacement” (2015-02) credits Laurence J. Kotlikoff as one of its 4 authors.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-02","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"},{"id":"ap-guillermo-lagarda-benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us","subject":"guillermo-lagarda","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Robots Are Us: Some Economics of Human Replacement” (2015-02) credits Guillermo LaGarda as one of its 4 authors.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-02","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"},{"id":"ap-william-d-nordhaus-nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity","subject":"william-d-nordhaus","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"nordhaus-2015-economic-singularity"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity? Information Technology and the Future of Economic Growth” (2015-09) credits William D. Nordhaus as its author.","time":{"kind":"event","date":"2015-09","basis":"publication","note":"Date the source record gives for this text; authorship is credited in the inspected expression."},"derivation":"explicit","resolution":"supported"},{"id":"ap-jeffrey-d-sachs-benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us","subject":"jeffrey-d-sachs","predicate":"authored","object":{"kind":"entity","entityId":"benzell-et-al-2015-robots-are-us"},"topic":"ideas","statement":"“Robots Are Us: Some Economics of Human Replacement” (2015-02) credits Jeffrey D. 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