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Eloundou et al., “GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models” (2023-03-17) bears on M07. The authors caution that exposure measures technical feasibility, not realised productivity or automation. Copy claim link
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Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source
Date 2023-03-17 · publication Role Context Register (kind of text) Nonfiction Missing element A caveat on the measure rather than an estimate. Tier Tier 1. Scholarly working paper with an economist author: Daniel Rock (D2, 2026-10-11, confirmed); the other three were at OpenAI or OpenResearch, as the paper states. Scope and limits Authors' own limitation on reading the exposure estimates.
The evidence 01 primary source Supports the claim
GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models ↗ arXiv:2303.10130v1 · 2023-03-17
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Source excerpt “This measure reflects an estimate of the technical capacity to make human labor more efficient; however, social, economic, regulatory, or other determinants imply that technical feasibility does not guarantee labor productivity or automation outcomes.” Location in source pdf page 2; 1 Introduction
Machine-checked · 2026-10-14
Source details and check notes Authors Tyna Eloundou; Sam Manning; Pamela Mishkin; Daniel Rock Version Full text (v1). Current copy retrieved directly on 2026-10-09; no archive capture (Wayback unreachable), so earlier bytes are not authenticated. SHA-256 f3c91bc909258b4824e2ea101a4f489aaea75d422adaf8508a79883b0d0f74bd. Journal version not retrieved. Eloundou, T., Manning, S., Mishkin, P., & Rock, D. (2024). GPTs are GPTs: Labor market impact potential of LLMs. Science, 384(6702), 1306–1308. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adj0998 Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-09 Language English (en) Attribution Tyna Eloundou, Sam Manning, Pamela Mishkin, Daniel Rock, “GPTs are GPTs: An Early Look at the Labor Market Impact Potential of Large Language Models”, arXiv:2303.10130v1, 2023-03-17. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage M07-06 (research/economics-mainstream). The quotation (34 words) matched the retrieved current copy (SHA-256 f3c91bc909258b4824e2ea101a4f489aaea75d422adaf8508a79883b0d0f74bd) in the pack's verification. Re-checked at admission on 2026-10-14 against a copy retrieved that day. Status and meaning Editorial status. Not reviewed by an editor . An exploratory record that no editor has accepted. This status does not say whether a person has read any linked passage. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
Relation. A passage of the document bears on the proposition without meeting its criterion; the record names the missing element. It is not an articulation and implies no influence.
Date. arXiv: submitted 17 Mar 2023 (v1); last revised 21 Aug 2023 (v5). Version v1 retrieved. Not peer-reviewed in this version. The v1 PDF itself is dated 20 March 2023. A later peer-reviewed version (Science, 2024) was not retrieved. Checked in a current copy; an archive capture was not available, so earlier bytes are not authenticated.
Record ID ec-m07-eloundou-et-al-2023-gpts-are-gpts-b