Claim · 1961 · publication · Stated in source · Supported

Chapter IX of Wiener’s Cybernetics (1961) names Samuel’s checker-playing machine and cites his 1959 article in its notes.

One recorded claim. The claim panel gives its qualification, the source passages with their place in each source, and how it was checked.

What it connects

Cybernetics, second edition: supplementary chapters IX–X → cites → Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers

Where it appears

No collection page holds this claim. It is listed with its records in the explorer.

Claim and evidence

Cybernetics, second edition: supplementary chapters IX–Xcites ↓Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers

Machine-checkedStated in sourceSupported

Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source

Date: 1961 · publication Records dated 1961 →

Scope and limitsA naming records that the later text names the earlier; it is not agreement, influence or lineage beyond what the passage states. The chapter cites the article in its notes.

The evidence 01

primary sourceSupports the claim

Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (reissue of the 1961 second edition)

Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2019 (open access, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0); Internet Archive item mit_press_book_9780262355902 · 1948

Cite the original source

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Source excerpt

“Samuel, A. L., “Some Studies in Machine Learning, Using the Game of Checkers,” IBM Journal of Research and Development, 3, 210-229 (1959).”

Location in source Chapter IX, notes

How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher

Machine-checked · 2026-11-04

Source details and check notes

Authors: Norbert Wiener
Version: Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-11-02 (SHA-256 88c80833e096c562e62d6519b677966b05d439c00e00cf6fb7dfd8eddb0cbe54) and again at admission on 2026-11-04 (same file). The MIT Press reissue of 2019, catalogued as ‘Reissue of the 1961 second edition’, read in its Internet Archive OCR text. Its contents divide the book into ‘Part I. Original Edition (1948)’ and ‘Part II. Supplementary Chapters (1961)’. The 1961 preface says the first edition had typographical errors and ‘a few errors of content’; the 1948 printing was not compared, so Part I’s wording is attested here from the 2019 reissue only.
Canonical address: Open the canonical source ↗
Accessed: 2026-11-04
Language: English (en)
Attribution: Norbert Wiener, “Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (reissue of the 1961 second edition)”, 1948.
Reuse: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, as the MIT Press reissue states. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution.
Check notes: Candidate pack passage, antecedent texts (research/prehistory). The quotation (22 words) matched a fresh retrieval of 2026-11-04 (SHA-256 88c80833e096…, the file the candidate pack read). Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A bibliographic note. No human editorial review.

Status and meaning

Editorial status. Machine-checked. Machines found this record and checked it against its sources; no person accepted it individually. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.

Relation. An explicit reference to a work. Citation alone is neither agreement nor causal influence.

Date. Part II of the reissue is headed “Supplementary Chapters (1961)”; the 1961 printing was not read.

Record ID pre-link-wiener-1961-names-samuel-1959