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Narayanan and Kapoor's essay of April 2025 argues that how well developers and deployers mitigate AI accidents depends on their incentives, that in many cases market forces will provide an adequate incentive with safety regulation filling the gaps, and that poorly controlled AI will be too error-prone to make business sense. Copy claim link
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Machine-checked, not reviewed by an editor Stated in source Supported
Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source
Date 2025-04-15 · publication Records dated 2025 → Role Articulation Register (kind of text) Nonfiction Scope and limits The essay pairs market incentives with ordinary safety regulation and describes past safety races caused by market failure; it argues against measures specific to catastrophic risk elsewhere, not in these passages.
The evidence 03 primary source Supports the claim
AI as Normal Technology ↗ Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University (knightcolumbia.org) · 2025-04-15
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Source excerpt “In many cases, market forces will provide an adequate incentive, but safety regulation should fill any gaps.” Location in source Part III: Risks, on accidents
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Arvind Narayanan; Sayash Kapoor Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 6122c2bd36f2b2e229e352c82f61ae0d93625a77888af892d9409d91b9ad1a16). Current web essay dated April 15, 2025. The cross-family check retrieved it again on 2026-10-31, with the same bytes. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Arvind Narayanan, Sayash Kapoor, “AI as Normal Technology”, 2025-04-15. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (17 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item 88) re-read the record’s source and found the quotation and stance supported. No human editorial review. primary source Supports the claim
AI as Normal Technology ↗ Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University (knightcolumbia.org) · 2025-04-15
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Source excerpt “Poorly controlled AI will be too error prone to make business sense.” Location in source Part II, closing paragraph
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Arvind Narayanan; Sayash Kapoor Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 6122c2bd36f2b2e229e352c82f61ae0d93625a77888af892d9409d91b9ad1a16). Current web essay dated April 15, 2025. The cross-family check retrieved it again on 2026-10-31, with the same bytes. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Arvind Narayanan, Sayash Kapoor, “AI as Normal Technology”, 2025-04-15. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (12 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item 88) re-read the record’s source and found the quotation and stance supported. No human editorial review. primary source Supports the claim
AI as Normal Technology ↗ Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University (knightcolumbia.org) · 2025-04-15
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Cite the original source Cite the original document, not Selekoa. Check these details against it.
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Source excerpt “Market success has been strongly correlated with safety.” Location in source Part III, on arms races
How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher
Machine-checked · 2026-10-31
Source details and check notes Authors Arvind Narayanan; Sayash Kapoor Version Retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29 (SHA-256 6122c2bd36f2b2e229e352c82f61ae0d93625a77888af892d9409d91b9ad1a16). Current web essay dated April 15, 2025. The cross-family check retrieved it again on 2026-10-31, with the same bytes. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-29 Language English (en) Attribution Arvind Narayanan, Sayash Kapoor, “AI as Normal Technology”, 2025-04-15. Reuse No open redistribution licence asserted. Bibliographic metadata, editorial paraphrases and short attributed quotations (at most 50 words each). Recheck terms before wider redistribution. Check notes Candidate pack passage, arguments about catastrophic risk from advanced AI (research/risk-debate). The quotation (8 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-10-29. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. A cross-family machine check (2026-10-31, item 88) re-read the record’s source and found the quotation and stance supported. No human editorial review. Status and meaning Editorial status. Not reviewed by an editor . An exploratory record that no editor has accepted. This status does not say whether a person has read any linked passage. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
Relation. A passage of the document meets the proposition’s criterion. The record documents what the text states, in its register (fiction and satire are labelled); it is not evidence that the proposition is true and implies no influence on or from another text.
Date. Day not confirmed from the retrieved text.
Record ID rd-r17-narayanan-kapoor-2025-normal-technology