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The Governor of California approved Senate Bill 53, which enacts the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, on 29 September 2025; it was filed with the Secretary of State the same day and chaptered as Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025. Copy claim link
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Supporting evidence: primary · 3 sources; Context: primary · 6 sources
Object version Chaptered (Stats. 2025, ch. 138) · Published 2025-09-29 · Effective 2026-01-01 Date 2025-09-29 · signature Scope and limits Enactment establishes the statute's text and date. It says nothing about which developers the statute applies to in practice, or about compliance. The Governor's press release names Senator Scott Wiener as the author, and the bill status page lists Wiener (S) as lead author; both are documented legislative roles only. The added code sections took effect on 1 January 2026 according to the codified history notes (context evidence below); Gov. Code § 11546.8 is operative only on an appropriation. An effective date does not establish that the statute applies to any named developer, or that anyone complies.
The evidence 09 primary source Supports the claim
SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) ↗ California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel) · 2025-09-29
Archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) ↗
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Source excerpt “Approved by Governor September 29, 2025. Filed with Secretary of State September 29, 2025.” Location in source Chaptered bill header, approval and filing notation under 'Senate Bill No. 53, CHAPTER 138'
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors California Legislature Version Chaptered version dated 09/29/25, inspected live 2026-10-04; quote also matched in the 2025-09-30 capture Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) ↗ . Captured 1 day after the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2025-09-30. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution California Legislature, SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025). Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents, both upholding it on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. The header is laid out on separate lines; the quote matches apart from whitespace. The Internet Archive capture of 2025-09-29 22:07 UTC still shows the enrolled version (published 09/17/2025), so the 2025-09-30 capture is the first verified capture of the chaptered text. Human editorial review is pending. primary source Supports the claim
SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. — Bill History ↗ California Legislature (California Legislative Information) · Publication date unknown
Archived copy, captured 2025-12-11: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. — Bill History ↗
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Source excerpt “Chaptered by Secretary of State. Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025.” Location in source History table, entries dated 09/29/25
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors California Legislature Version Bill history page inspected live 2026-10-04; entry also present in the 2025-12-11 capture Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2025-12-11: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. — Bill History ↗ . No publication date is recorded for this source. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2025-12-11. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution California Legislature, SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. — Bill History. Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents, both upholding it on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. The same date also carries the entry 'Approved by the Governor.' Human editorial review is pending. primary source Supports the claim
Governor Newsom signs SB 53, advancing California’s world-leading artificial intelligence industry ↗ Office of the Governor of California · 2025-09-29
Archived copy, captured 2025-09-29: Governor Newsom signs SB 53, advancing California’s world-leading artificial intelligence industry ↗
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Source excerpt “Governor Newsom today signed into law Senate Bill 53, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (TFAIA), authored by Senator Scott Wiener” Location in source First paragraph after 'What you need to know'
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors Office of the Governor of California Version Press release dated Sep 29, 2025, inspected live 2026-10-04; quote also matched in the 2025-09-29 capture Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2025-09-29: Governor Newsom signs SB 53, advancing California’s world-leading artificial intelligence industry ↗ . Captured on the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2025-09-29. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution Office of the Governor of California, Governor Newsom signs SB 53, advancing California’s world-leading artificial intelligence industry. Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents, both upholding it on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. The Governor's announcement of the signing. The release links a signing message, recorded as context below. Human editorial review is pending. primary source Context only
SB 53 signing message (letter to the Members of the California State Senate) ↗ Office of the Governor of California · 2025-09-29
Archived copy, captured 2025-09-29: SB 53 signing message (letter to the Members of the California State Senate) ↗
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Paraphrase the Governor tells the Senate that he is signing Senate Bill 53, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, which he describes as establishing state-level oversight of advanced AI systems.
Location in source Page 1, first paragraph
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors Office of the Governor of California Version Two-page scanned letter dated SEP 29 2025, retrieved 2026-10-04. The file's SHA-1 in base32 (FY7JNSTJ3LCHKHUSJXNLDR2KDX46QQD2) equals the CDX digest of the 2025-09-29 capture. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2025-09-29: SB 53 signing message (letter to the Members of the California State Senate) ↗ . Captured on the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2025-09-29. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution Office of the Governor of California, SB 53 signing message (letter to the Members of the California State Senate). Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents, both upholding it on 2026-10-04. The PDF has no text layer and was read visually, so it is paraphrased rather than quoted. Human editorial review is pending. primary source Context only
Business and Professions Code § 22757.12 — codified text (California Legislative Information) ↗ California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel) · Publication date unknown
Archived copy, captured 2026-01-30: Business and Professions Code § 22757.12 — codified text (California Legislative Information) ↗
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Source excerpt “(Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 138, Sec. 2. (SB 53) Effective January 1, 2026.)” Location in source History note at the end of § 22757.12
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors California Legislature Version Codified section page inspected live 2026-10-04 (history note present, no amendment note). CDX lists the 2026-01-30 capture with status 200, but its content could not be re-retrieved during adjudication (HTTP 429). A verifier reported that the capture shows the same history note. Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2026-01-30: Business and Professions Code § 22757.12 — codified text (California Legislative Information) ↗ . No publication date is recorded for this source. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2026-01-30. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution California Legislature, Business and Professions Code § 22757.12 — codified text (California Legislative Information). Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents, both upholding it on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. Checked live on 2026-10-04. The same note (Sec. 2) appears on §§ 22757.10, 22757.11, 22757.13, 22757.14, 22757.15 and 22757.16. Lab. Code §§ 1107, 1107.1 and 1107.2 carry the equivalent note (Sec. 4), and Gov. Code § 11546.8 carries it (Sec. 3) with the conditional-operation addition. No section shows an amendment note. Context for the effective date recorded on the edition (2026-01-01), not for the approval itself. Human editorial review is pending. primary source Context only
Labor Code § 1107.1 (codified section, California Law) ↗ California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel) · Publication date unknown
Archived copy, captured 2026-01-30: Labor Code § 1107.1 (codified section, California Law) ↗
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Paraphrase the history note records that the section was added by Stats. 2025, ch. 138, sec. 4 (SB 53), effective January 1, 2026.
Location in source History note at the end of § 1107.1
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors California Legislature Version Live codified section retrieved 2026-10-04; section text identical to the chaptered bill text Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2026-01-30: Labor Code § 1107.1 (codified section, California Law) ↗ . No publication date is recorded for this source. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2026-01-30. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution California Legislature, Labor Code § 1107.1 (codified section, California Law). Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents, both upholding it on 2026-10-04. Paraphrased to avoid repeating the same note. Context for the effective date recorded on the edition (2026-01-01), not for the approval itself. Human editorial review is pending. primary source Context only
California Government Code § 11546.8 (codified text with history note) ↗ California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel) · Publication date unknown
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Paraphrase the history note records that the section was added by Stats. 2025, ch. 138, sec. 3 (SB 53), effective January 1, 2026, and is conditionally operative as its own provisions prescribe. Subdivision (k) makes the section operative only on an appropriation in a budget act or other measure.
Location in source History note at the end of § 11546.8; subdivision (k)
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors California Legislature Version Current codified section displayed 2026-10-04; no Internet Archive capture located Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Attribution California Legislature, California Government Code § 11546.8 (codified text with history note). Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents, both upholding it on 2026-10-04. The Internet Archive CDX API returned no capture of this URL on 2026-10-04; no archive capture is cited. Context for the effective date recorded on the edition (2026-01-01), not for the approval itself. Human editorial review is pending. primary source Context only
California Constitution, Article IV, Section 8 ↗ California Legislature (California Legislative Information) · Publication date unknown
Archived copy, captured 2024-04-06: California Constitution, Article IV, Section 8 ↗
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Source excerpt “a statute enacted at a regular session shall go into effect on January 1 next following a 90-day period from the date of enactment of the statute” Location in source Art. IV, § 8(c)(1)
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors California Legislature Version Current text displayed 2026-10-04 (Sec. 8 as amended by Prop. 54, 2016); quoted phrase also present in the 2024-04-06 capture Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2024-04-06: California Constitution, Article IV, Section 8 ↗ . No publication date is recorded for this source. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2024-04-06. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution California Legislature, California Constitution, Article IV, Section 8. Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents, both upholding it on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. Context only. This is the general rule in § 8(c)(1), which is expressly subject to paragraphs (2) and (3). Paragraph (2) concerns statutes passed on or before the Legislature's joint-recess adjournment and in the Governor's possession after that date. This record does not determine which paragraph governs SB 53. Context for the effective date recorded on the edition (2026-01-01), not for the approval itself. Human editorial review is pending. primary source Context only
SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. — Bill Status ↗ California Legislature (California Legislative Information) · Publication date unknown
Archived copy, captured 2025-12-07: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. — Bill Status ↗
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Paraphrase the status page lists the measure as inactive and chaptered, majority vote, non-appropriation, fiscal committee and non-urgency. Its last history actions are: Assembly amendments concurred in 09/13/25; enrolled and presented to the Governor 09/23/25; approved by the Governor and chaptered by the Secretary of State as Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025, on 09/29/25.
Location in source 'Type of Measure' and 'Last 5 History Actions' blocks
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors California Legislature Version Status page inspected live 2026-10-04; the same classification and last five history actions appear in the 2025-12-07 capture Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2025-12-07: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. — Bill Status ↗ . No publication date is recorded for this source. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2025-12-07. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution California Legislature, SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. — Bill Status. Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents, both upholding it on 2026-10-04. Source for the legislative dates in the time note. No legal conclusion is drawn from the 'Non-Urgency' classification. Context for the effective date recorded on the edition (2026-01-01), not for the approval itself. Human editorial review is pending. Status and meaning Editorial status. Not reviewed by an editor . An exploratory record that no editor has accepted. This status does not say whether a person has read any linked passage. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
Relation. A legislature or executive enacted, approved or adopted a legal instrument on the stated date. Enactment is not evidence of enforcement, compliance or applicability to any named organisation; operative dates are separate.
Date. Approval and filing are both dated 29 September 2025 (day precision) in the chaptered bill header and the official bill history. The bill was enrolled and presented to the Governor on 2025-09-23 (bill history).
Record ID sb-enactment-2025-09-29