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SB 53 defines a 'frontier model' as a foundation model trained using more than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations. The count includes the original training run and any later fine-tuning, reinforcement learning or other material modifications that the developer applies to a preceding foundation model. Copy claim link
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Provision Threshold or trigger · provision ID sb53-frontier-model-compute-threshold Subject version Chaptered (Stats. 2025, ch. 138) · Published 2025-09-29 · Effective 2026-01-01 Date 2025-09-29 · publication Scope and limits What the enacted text states, quoted from the chaptered expression. It is not evidence that the statute applies to any named developer, or of compliance, enforcement or effect. A definition only: it does not establish which models or developers meet it. Section 22757.14(a) requires the Department of Technology, on or before 1 January 2027 and annually thereafter, to assess recent evidence and developments and recommend whether and how to update this definition, along with the 'frontier developer' and 'large frontier developer' definitions. Section 22757.14(c) requires it to submit a report with those recommendations to the Legislature. This record does not interpret who may amend the definition or what legal effect the recommendations have.
The evidence 02 primary source Supports the claim
SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) ↗ California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel) · 2025-09-29
Archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) ↗
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Source excerpt “Frontier model” means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power greater than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations.” Location in source SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.11(i)(1)
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors California Legislature Version Chaptered version dated 09/29/25, inspected live 2026-10-04; quote also matched in the 2025-09-30 capture Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) ↗ . Captured 1 day after the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2025-09-30. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution California Legislature, SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025). Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Verbatim excerpt proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04; re-matched mechanically by the integrator against a direct fetch of the cited expression. The page renders the exponent literally as '10^26'. Human editorial review is pending. primary source Supports the claim
SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) ↗ California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel) · 2025-09-29
Archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) ↗
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Cite the original source Cite the original document, not Selekoa. Check these details against it.
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Paraphrase the computing power counted includes the original training run and any subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning or other material modifications that the developer applies to a preceding foundation model.
Location in source SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.11(i)(2)
Machine-checked · 2026-10-04
Source details and check notes Authors California Legislature Version Chaptered version dated 09/29/25, inspected live 2026-10-04; quote also matched in the 2025-09-30 capture Canonical address Open the canonical source ↗ Accessed 2026-10-04 Language English (en) Archive copy Open archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025) ↗ . Captured 1 day after the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2025-09-30. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.Attribution California Legislature, SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025). Reuse Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice. Check notes Editorial paraphrase proposed by a research agent and checked by two independent fresh-context verifier agents and decided by a third adjudicating agent on 2026-10-04. Paraphrased to stay within the quotation budget. Human editorial review is pending. Status and meaning Editorial status. Not reviewed by an editor . An exploratory record that no editor has accepted. This status does not say whether a person has read any linked passage. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.
Relation. An exact framework edition states one provision: a capability threshold or risk level and its trigger, a required safeguard or action, a decision authority (who decides, recommends, can overrule or is informed), or a stated exception. The quoted text records what the edition says, not implementation, compliance or effectiveness. Provisions with the same key align across editions of one family.
Date. Provision as stated in the chaptered text published and approved on 2025-09-29; the added sections took effect on 2026-01-01. Text as chaptered on 2025-09-29; effective 2026-01-01. Codified § 22757.11, checked live on 2026-10-04 and in the 2026-06-16 Internet Archive capture, shows only the Ch. 138 'Added' note and no amendment note.
Record ID sb-frontier-model-threshold