Claim · 2025-09-29 · publication · Stated in source · Supported

California SB 53 states what the law question “Threshold” asks.

One recorded claim. The claim panel gives its qualification, the source passages with their place in each source, and how it was checked.

What it connects

California SB 53 (2025): Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, as chaptered → states provision → Threshold

Where it appears

Laws compared →

Claim and evidence

California SB 53 (2025): Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act, as chapteredstates provision ↓Threshold

Machine-checkedStated in sourceSupported

Supporting evidence: primary · 1 source

Provision: Threshold or trigger · provision ID comparison-law-q02
Subject version: Chaptered (Stats. 2025, ch. 138) · Published 2025-09-29 · Effective 2026-01-01
Date: 2025-09-29 · publication Records dated 2025 →

Scope and limitsModel threshold: training compute greater than 10^26 operations, which under § 22757.11(i)(2) includes the original training run and subsequent fine-tuning, reinforcement learning or other material modifications. Developer tier: annual gross revenues with affiliates above $500 million in the preceding calendar year. § 22757.14 requires the Department of Technology to recommend, on or before 1 January 2027 and annually thereafter, whether and how to update these definitions; it does not itself change them. What the instrument’s text states, from the expression read. A cell records what the text requires of the parties it defines: not whether any developer falls within them, or complied.

The evidence 02

primary sourceSupports the claim

SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025)

California State Legislature · 2025-09-29

Archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025)

Cite the original source

Cite the original document, not Selekoa. Check these details against it.

Source excerpt

“Frontier model” means a foundation model that was trained using a quantity of computing power greater than 10^26 integer or floating-point operations.”

Location in source SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.11(i)(1)

How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher

Machine-checked · 2026-11-04

Source details and check notes

Authors: California Legislature
Version: Chaptered version dated 09/29/25, inspected live 2026-10-04; quote also matched in the 2025-09-30 capture. Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel). Retrieved again for the laws-compared candidate pack on 2026-11-01 as one member of the Legislative Counsel’s database file (pubinfo_2025.zip), because the Legislature’s website refused the request (SHA-256 20c44f4865db314fae2747d998189d47e70bf4cafb4add7be2294d0a73562b3c); the pack’s quotations were matched in it, and again in fresh retrievals of 2026-11-02 and 2026-11-04.
Canonical address: Open the canonical source ↗
Accessed: 2026-10-04
Language: English (en)
Archive copy: Open archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025). Captured 1 day after the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2025-09-30. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.
Attribution: California Legislature, SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025).
Reuse: Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice.
Check notes: Candidate pack passage, laws compared (research/laws-compared), cell ca-sb53:Q02. The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-11-01 (SHA-256 20c44f4865db314fae2747d998189d47e70bf4cafb4add7be2294d0a73562b3c) and again in fresh retrievals on 2026-11-02 and 2026-11-04. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The same words are quoted in an earlier record of the dataset, so they add nothing to the source’s quotation count. A cross-family machine check (2026-11-02, item 16) answered this cell blind and agreed with the pack. No human editorial review.

primary sourceSupports the claim

SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025)

California State Legislature · 2025-09-29

Archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025)

Cite the original source

Cite the original document, not Selekoa. Check these details against it.

Source excerpt

“together with its affiliates collectively had annual gross revenues in excess of five hundred million dollars ($500,000,000) in the preceding calendar year.”

Location in source SEC. 2, Bus. & Prof. Code § 22757.11(j)

How it was read Retrieved directly from the publisher

Machine-checked · 2026-11-04

Source details and check notes

Authors: California Legislature
Version: Chaptered version dated 09/29/25, inspected live 2026-10-04; quote also matched in the 2025-09-30 capture. Publisher as printed on the inspected expression: California Legislature (California Legislative Information, Office of Legislative Counsel). Retrieved again for the laws-compared candidate pack on 2026-11-01 as one member of the Legislative Counsel’s database file (pubinfo_2025.zip), because the Legislature’s website refused the request (SHA-256 20c44f4865db314fae2747d998189d47e70bf4cafb4add7be2294d0a73562b3c); the pack’s quotations were matched in it, and again in fresh retrievals of 2026-11-02 and 2026-11-04.
Canonical address: Open the canonical source ↗
Accessed: 2026-10-04
Language: English (en)
Archive copy: Open archived copy, captured 2025-09-30: SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025). Captured 1 day after the recorded publication date. An archive copy shows only what the archive retrieved on 2025-09-30. It does not prove what the page said earlier, and it can differ from the copy checked on 2026-10-04.
Attribution: California Legislature, SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developers. (2025-2026) — bill text, chaptered version (Chapter 138, Statutes of 2025).
Reuse: Official government text; no redistribution licence asserted. Selekoa practice: metadata, attributed paraphrases and short attributed quotations under the editorial policy (at most 50 words each; at most 400 quoted words per document across the dataset, and about 10% of a document under about 2,000 words). Documents are linked externally, not redistributed. Publisher terms that forbid quotation override this practice.
Check notes: Candidate pack passage, laws compared (research/laws-compared), cell ca-sb53:Q02. The quotation (22 words) matched the text retrieved for the candidate pack on 2026-11-01 (SHA-256 20c44f4865db314fae2747d998189d47e70bf4cafb4add7be2294d0a73562b3c) and again in fresh retrievals on 2026-11-02 and 2026-11-04. Matching ignored differences of whitespace, case, quotation marks, dashes, PDF line-break hyphens and Unicode compatibility forms, so the source’s typography can differ. The same words are quoted in an earlier record of the dataset, so they add nothing to the source’s quotation count. No human editorial review.

Status and meaning

Editorial status. Machine-checked. Machines found this record and checked it against its sources; no person accepted it individually. Each evidence record above shows how it was checked.

Relation. An exact framework edition, or another document with an exact expression, states one provision: a capability threshold or risk level and its trigger, a required safeguard or action, a decision authority (who decides, recommends, can overrule or is informed), a stated exception, or another statement of its content, such as a licence term or a prospectus statement. The passage records what the document says, not implementation, compliance or effectiveness. Provisions with the same key align across editions of one family.

Date. Dated as the text compared is dated: the date of issue of its version, “Chaptered (Stats. 2025, ch. 138)”.

Record ID lc-cell-ca-sb53-q02