selekoa

A documentary history of machine intelligence.

Records found and checked by machines, not reviewed by an editor · What this means →

Guided reading · 140 records · 55 stated dates

AI compute: data centres, power, chips and rules, 2023–2026

Which data-centre sites, power agreements, chip supply agreements, government measures and export-control rules for AI computing do the records document from 2023 to 2026, with what figures, at what stage and dated by what?

A machine selected and arranged these records. No human review of the selection or framing is recorded.

What the page covers

140 records in 5 sections, dated 2023 to 2026, with 81 figures and 55 stated dates. The page draws on the records of data-centre sites, power, chips and government measures admitted from the compute, power and orbit research pack on 30 October 2026. Records of the same subjects admitted earlier, and the records on computing in orbit, are listed under “Not covered”. The selection is not comprehensive.

How to read a record

Date
The record’s own date, as stored, to the day, month or year the source gives, with its basis: an announcement, a publication, a signature or the date a text takes effect. A snapshot is one dated report of a state.
Stage
What the parties state: a plan, an announcement, a letter of intent, a term sheet, a commitment, a contract or a closing. A stage is never read as the next one.
Figure
The number and unit as the source words them, with its bound (up to, at least, about, more than) and what it measures. “Not stated” means the source does not say. Amounts show their scope: one transaction, one project or a programme.
Stated dates
Targets, deadlines and terms a party gave, with who gave them. They are listed apart from the timeline and never date a record.
Limits of this page
  • The page lists records and their dates. It gives no reason for any announcement, agreement or rule, and the order of the rows records no cause or influence.
  • Figures are each source’s own, in its own words. They are not added up, converted or compared.
  • An announcement, a plan, a letter of intent or an agreement records what a party stated. It does not show that a site was built, that power was delivered, that chips were supplied or that money was spent.
  • Stated dates are targets, deadlines and terms that a party gave. They are kept apart from the timeline and never date a record.
  • A machine selected and arranged these records, and a reviewer from a different model family checked them. No editor has reviewed the records, the selection or the framing.

Timeline

One row per record, dated by the record itself. Announcements are labelled as announcements. Targets and deadlines are not rows; they are listed under “Stated dates”. The order of rows records no cause or influence.

2023

  1. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerHelion announced on 10 May 2023 an agreement to provide Microsoft electricity from its first fusion power plant, expected online by 2028 and targeting 50 MW or more after a one-year ramp-up, with Constellation as power marketer.Helion Energy · Microsoft Inspect record
  2. publicationText signed or issuedExport controlsThe Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs issued joint Announcement No. 23 of 2023, dated 3 July 2023, imposing export controls on gallium- and germanium-related items with effect from 1 August 2023.MOFCOM · MOFCOM–GAC Announcement 23/2023 Inspect record
  3. effectiveProvisionExport controlsAnnouncement No. 23 of 2023 provides that listed gallium items (including gallium nitride and gallium arsenide) and germanium items (including germanium dioxide) may not be exported without a licence.MOFCOM–GAC Announcement 23/2023 Inspect record
  4. publicationProvisionExport controlsThe October 2023 interim final rule revises ECCN 3A090.a to control ICs with a total processing performance of 4800 or more, or of 1600 or more with a performance density of 5.92 or more, and states that the performance density parameter is meant to prevent buying many smaller datacenter AI chips that combined would equal restricted chips.BIS advanced computing rule (2023) Inspect record
  5. publicationText issued or publishedExport controlsThe Bureau of Industry and Security published the interim final rule "Implementation of Additional Export Controls: Certain Advanced Computing Items; Supercomputer and Semiconductor End Use; Updates and Corrections" in the Federal Register of 25 October 2023, effective 17 November 2023, revising the advanced computing controls of 7 October 2022.BIS · BIS advanced computing rule (2023) Inspect record

2024

  1. announcementPower agreement · announcedAnnouncementPowerTalen announced on 4 March 2024 the sale of its Cumulus data-centre campus in north-eastern Pennsylvania, connected to its Susquehanna nuclear plant; its release does not name the buyer, which Talen’s results of 14 March 2024 name as AWS, as the cross-family check read both. World Nuclear News later reported the 960 MW campus sold to AWS with a long-term power supply agreement.Talen Energy Corporation · AWS Inspect record
  2. announcementGovernment award · preliminary awardAnnouncementChipsPresident Biden’s statement of 8 April 2024 said the Department of Commerce was announcing a preliminary agreement with TSMC to support the construction of leading-edge semiconductor manufacturing facilities in the United States, and that TSMC would also build a third chip factory in Phoenix, increasing its total investment in Arizona to $65 billion.United States Department of Commerce · TSMC Arizona Corporation Inspect record
  3. publicationProvisionGovernmentTask (4) of the 2024 data-centre plan sets the goal that by the end of 2025 a two-way computing–electricity coordination mechanism is initially formed and green electricity exceeds 80% for new data centres at national hub nodes, and encourages co-location of new data centres with renewable generation and pilots of direct green-power supply.China data-centre green and low-carbon plan (2024) Inspect record
  4. publicationText issued or publishedGovernmentThe NDRC, MIIT, NEA and National Data Administration issued the Special Action Plan for the Green and Low-Carbon Development of Data Centres under document number 发改环资〔2024〕970号, dated 3 July 2024.NDRC · China data-centre green and low-carbon plan (2024) Inspect record
  5. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerConstellation announced on 20 September 2024 that it had signed a 20-year power purchase agreement with Microsoft that would pave the way for restarting Three Mile Island Unit 1 as the Crane Clean Energy Center, with Microsoft purchasing energy from the plant as part of its goal to match the power its PJM data centers use with carbon-free energy.Constellation Energy Corporation · Microsoft Inspect record
  6. announcementPower agreement · announcedAnnouncementPowerGoogle announced on 14 October 2024 an agreement to purchase nuclear energy from multiple small modular reactors to be developed by Kairos Power, intended to bring the first reactor online by 2030 with further deployments through 2035, enabling up to 500 MW of power to US grids.Google · Kairos Power Inspect record
  7. announcementPower agreement · announced (as worded: “signed an agreement to explore”)AnnouncementPowerAmazon announced on 16 October 2024 an agreement with Dominion Energy to explore developing a small modular reactor project near Dominion's North Anna nuclear station, which Amazon said would bring at least 300 MW of power to the Virginia region.Amazon · Dominion Energy Inspect record
  8. announcementPower agreement · announcedAnnouncementPowerAmazon announced on 16 October 2024 an agreement with Energy Northwest to enable development of four advanced small modular reactors in Washington, expected to generate roughly 320 MW in a first phase with an option to increase to 960 MW.Amazon · Energy Northwest Inspect record
  9. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerAmazon stated on 16 October 2024 that it had previously signed an agreement to co-locate a data center facility next to Talen Energy's nuclear facility in Pennsylvania, which would directly power its data centers with carbon-free energy.Amazon · Talen Energy Corporation Inspect record
  10. publicationRegulator decisionPowerFERC, by order issued on 1 November 2024 (189 FERC ¶ 61,078, Docket ER24-2172), rejected the amended Interconnection Service Agreement among PJM, Susquehanna Nuclear and PPL Electric Utilities, which would have increased the co-located load at the Susquehanna plant from 300 MW to 480 MW. World Nuclear News reported the rejection on 4 November 2024.Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Inspect record
  11. announcementGovernment award · final awardAnnouncementChipsNIST announced on 15 November 2024 that the Department of Commerce had awarded TSMC Arizona up to $6.6 billion in direct CHIPS Incentives funding, to be disbursed on completion of project milestones, plus up to $5 billion of proposed loans, supporting a planned investment of more than $65 billion in three Phoenix fabs; the release says the chips will power artificial intelligence among other industries.United States Department of Commerce · TSMC Arizona Corporation Inspect record
  12. publicationProvisionExport controlsMOFCOM Announcement No. 46 of 2024, dated 3 December 2024 and effective on publication, provides that in principle no licences will be granted for exports of gallium-, germanium-, antimony- and superhard-material-related dual-use items to the United States.MOFCOM Announcement 46/2024 Inspect record
  13. announcementPlan announcedAnnouncementPowerMeta announced on 3 December 2024 a request for proposals to identify nuclear energy developers, aiming to add 1–4 GW of new US nuclear generation capacity delivered from the early 2030s, citing grids that power its data centers.Meta Inspect record
  14. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesLouisiana Economic Development announced on 4 December 2024 that Meta would build a $10 billion artificial intelligence data center in Richland Parish, northeast Louisiana.Meta · Meta Richland Parish Data Center, Louisiana Inspect record
  15. publicationProvisionExport controlsThe December 2024 interim final rule adds controls on certain high bandwidth memory, as new ECCN 3A090.c, stating that such memory provides capacity and bandwidth needed for advanced AI models and supercomputing.BIS foreign direct product and HBM rule (2024) Inspect record
  16. publicationText issued or publishedExport controlsThe Bureau of Industry and Security published the interim final rule "Foreign-Produced Direct Product Rule Additions, and Refinements to Controls for Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items" in the Federal Register of 5 December 2024, effective 2 December 2024.BIS · BIS foreign direct product and HBM rule (2024) Inspect record

2025

  1. publicationSpending plan · planSitesBrad Smith wrote on 3 January 2025 that Microsoft was on track to invest approximately $80 billion in FY 2025 to build out AI-enabled datacenters, more than half of it in the United States.Microsoft Inspect record
  2. announcementPlan announcedAnnouncementGovernmentThe UK government announced on 13 January 2025 AI Growth Zones to speed up planning approvals for data centres and give them better grid access, the first to be in Culham, Oxfordshire.Prime Minister's Office (UK) Inspect record
  3. publicationProvisionGovernmentThe AI Opportunities Action Plan, published by DSIT on 13 January 2025 as an independent report, recommends AI Growth Zones to facilitate the accelerated build-out of AI data centres, which could introduce streamlined planning approvals and accelerate the provisioning of clean power; it adds that government could also use them to channel investment into areas with existing energy capacity.UK AI Opportunities Action Plan (2025) Inspect record
  4. signatureText signed or issuedGovernmentExecutive Order 14141, "Advancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure", is dated 14 January 2025 and was published in the Federal Register on 17 January 2025 (FR Doc. 2025-01395).The White House · EO 14141 (2025) Inspect record
  5. publicationText names another textExport controlsThe January 2025 foundry due-diligence rule names the AI diffusion rule, which BIS filed for public inspection on 13 January 2025, as “a rule related to this IFR”.BIS foundry due-diligence rule (2025) · BIS AI diffusion rule (2025) Inspect record
  6. publicationText issued or publishedExport controlsThe Bureau of Industry and Security published the interim final rule "Implementation of Additional Due Diligence Measures for Advanced Computing Integrated Circuits" in the Federal Register of 16 January 2025, effective that day, with compliance required from 31 January 2025, to assist foundries and OSAT companies in complying with the advanced computing IC provisions.BIS · BIS foundry due-diligence rule (2025) Inspect record
  7. publicationProvisionExport controlsThe January 2025 foundry due-diligence rule allows reliance on an attestation that the aggregated approximated transistor count of the final packaged IC is below 30 billion transistors, or, for ICs without high bandwidth memory, below 35 billion in 2027 and 40 billion later, as one route around the new licence requirement, alongside lists of approved IC designers and OSAT companies.BIS foundry due-diligence rule (2025) Inspect record
  8. publicationProvisionGovernmentSection 4(h)(ii) of Executive Order 14141 required lease terms under which parties operating a frontier AI data centre on a federal site have procured sufficient new clean power generation with capacity value to meet its planned electricity needs, matched on an hourly basis and deliverable to the data centre.EO 14141 (2025) Inspect record
  9. publicationProvisionGovernmentSection 4(a) of Executive Order 14141 directed the Secretaries of Defense and Energy to identify, by 28 February 2025 and if possible, at least three sites each on federal land that could be leased for frontier AI data centres and the clean energy facilities to serve them, by the end of 2027.EO 14141 (2025) Inspect record
  10. publicationProvisionGovernmentThe InvestAI announcement states that the fund will finance four future AI gigafactories, and that the gigafactories will have around 100,000 latest-generation AI chips.EU InvestAI announcement (2025) Inspect record
  11. publicationText issued or published · announcedGovernmentThe European Commission announced InvestAI at the AI Action Summit in Paris on 11 February 2025, an initiative to mobilise €200 billion for investment in AI including a new European fund of €20 billion for AI gigafactories.European Commission · EU InvestAI announcement (2025) Inspect record
  12. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementChipsA White House release of 3 March 2025 stated that President Trump and TSMC CEO C.C. Wei announced a $100 billion investment by TSMC in its Arizona chip manufacturing operation, quoting President Trump that it would go into five fabrication facilities and bring TSMC’s investment to about $165 billion, and quoting Wei that TSMC would produce chips to support AI’s progress.TSMC Inspect record
  13. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesCrusoe stated that with the second phase its Abilene facility would total eight buildings and a total power capacity of 1.2 gigawatts.Crusoe · Crusoe AI data center, Lancium Clean Campus, Abilene, Texas Inspect record
  14. announcementStatus statedAnnouncementSitesCrusoe stated in March 2025 that it began constructing its Abilene AI data center in June 2024 and that the initial phase, two buildings and 200+ megawatts, was expected to be energized in the first half of 2025.Crusoe AI data center, Lancium Clean Campus, Abilene, Texas Inspect record
  15. announcementText issued or publishedAnnouncementGovernmentDSIT and DESNZ announced that the AI Energy Council, co-chaired by the Technology and Energy Secretaries, held its first meeting on 8 April 2025, expected to advise on energy efficiency and sustainability in AI and data-centre infrastructure.DSIT · UK AI Energy Council statement (2025) Inspect record
  16. announcementSupply agreement · stated as in productionAnnouncementChipsNVIDIA stated on 14 April 2025 that NVIDIA Blackwell chips had started production at TSMC’s chip plants in Phoenix, Arizona.NVIDIA · TSMC Inspect record
  17. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementChipsNVIDIA stated on 14 April 2025 that within the next four years it plans to produce up to half a trillion dollars of AI infrastructure in the United States through partnerships with TSMC, Foxconn, Wistron, Amkor and SPIL.NVIDIA Inspect record
  18. publicationProvisionExport controlsThe BIS guidance of 13 May 2025 lists the Huawei Ascend 910B, 910C and 910D as illustrative PRC 3A090 ICs subject to the presumption that General Prohibition 10 restrictions apply, and states that the list is not exhaustive.BIS GP10 guidance (2025) Inspect record
  19. publicationText issued or publishedExport controlsThe Bureau of Industry and Security issued guidance dated 13 May 2025 warning that use of PRC advanced-computing ICs, including specific Huawei Ascend chips, risks violating US export controls under General Prohibition 10, because such chips were likely developed or produced in violation of those controls.BIS · BIS GP10 guidance (2025) Inspect record
  20. announcementSupply agreement · announcedAnnouncementChipsAMD and HUMAIN announced on 13 May 2025 an agreement under which the parties will invest up to $10 billion to deploy 500 megawatts of AI compute capacity over five years, with HUMAIN delivering the data-centre, power and fibre infrastructure and AMD providing its AI compute portfolio and ROCm software.HUMAIN · Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) Inspect record
  21. announcementSupply agreement · announcedAnnouncementChipsHUMAIN and NVIDIA announced on 13 May 2025, in a release on NVIDIA's newsroom, that HUMAIN was making an investment to build AI factories in Saudi Arabia with a projected capacity of up to 500 megawatts powered by several hundred thousand NVIDIA GPUs over five years, the first phase being an 18,000-chip NVIDIA GB300 Grace Blackwell AI supercomputer.HUMAIN · NVIDIA Inspect record
  22. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesThe UAE Embassy in Washington, republishing a WAM report, stated that a 5GW UAE–US AI Campus in Abu Dhabi was unveiled on 15 May 2025 in the presence of the UAE and US presidents, to be built by G42 and operated in partnership with several US companies.G42 · UAE–US AI Campus, Abu Dhabi Inspect record
  23. announcementPlan announcedAnnouncementPowerWAM reported on 15 May 2025 that the 5 GW UAE–US AI Campus in Abu Dhabi, once completed, will use nuclear, solar and gas power to minimise carbon emissions.Emirates News Agency (WAM) Inspect record
  24. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesG42, OpenAI, Oracle, NVIDIA, SoftBank Group and Cisco announced on 22 May 2025 Stargate UAE, a 1-gigawatt compute cluster to be built by G42 and operated by OpenAI and Oracle within the UAE–US AI Campus.G42 · Stargate UAE (1 GW cluster), Abu Dhabi Inspect record
  25. publicationProvisionGovernmentSection 4(a) of Executive Order 14299 of 23 May 2025 directed the Secretary of Energy to initiate the process for designating AI data centres within the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia that are located at or operated in coordination with DOE facilities as critical defense facilities, “where appropriate”, and stated that the electrical infrastructure needed to operate them shall be considered defense critical electric infrastructure, “as appropriate and consistent with applicable law”.EO 14299 (2025) Inspect record
  26. publicationProvisionGovernmentSection 4(c) of Executive Order 14299 directed the Secretary of Energy to use available authorities to site and authorise privately funded advanced reactors at DOE sites for purposes including powering AI infrastructure, with a goal of operating a reactor at the first site within 30 months of the order.EO 14299 (2025) Inspect record
  27. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerConstellation and Meta announced on 3 June 2025 that they had signed a 20-year power purchase agreement for the output of the Clinton Clean Energy Center in Illinois, 1,121 MW, beginning in June 2027, with Meta purchasing the plant's clean energy attributes.Meta · Constellation Energy Corporation Inspect record
  28. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementSitesAmazon announced on 9 June 2025 plans to invest at least $20 billion in Pennsylvania to expand its data center infrastructure to support AI and cloud computing, naming Salem Township and Falls Township as the first communities identified as sites.Amazon Inspect record
  29. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerTalen announced on 11 June 2025 a power purchase agreement to supply 1,920 MWe from its Susquehanna nuclear plant to support Amazon Web Services’ data centres, running until 2042, with deliveries ramping to full volume no later than 2032, as the cross-family check read Talen’s release; World Nuclear News reported it on 12 June 2025.Talen Energy Corporation · Amazon Inspect record
  30. effectiveProvisionGovernmentTexas S.B. 6 adds Utilities Code Section 37.0561, under which the commission's large-load interconnection standards for the ERCOT region apply to new or expanded interconnections above a demand threshold, set at 75 MW unless the commission finds a lower threshold necessary.Texas S.B. 6 (2025) Inspect record
  31. signatureText signed or issuedGovernmentTexas S.B. 6 (89th Legislature), on the planning for, interconnection and operation of, and costs of serving certain electrical loads, was signed by the Governor on 20 June 2025 and took effect immediately.Governor of Texas · Texas S.B. 6 (2025) Inspect record
  32. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerGoogle announced on 30 June 2025 an offtake agreement to take 200 MW of carbon-free energy from Commonwealth Fusion Systems' first commercial plant, ARC, to be developed in Chesterfield, Virginia, together with a second capital investment in CFS and an option to buy power from future plants.Google · Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) Inspect record
  33. publicationRegulator decisionPowerThe Shelby County Health Department issued construction permit 01156-01PC on 2 July 2025 to CTC Property LLC for fifteen Solar SMT-130 natural gas-fired combustion turbines, each rated at 16.48 MW, at xAI’s Memphis facility, with a printed expiry of 2 January 2027, as the cross-family check read the permit. Action News 5 reported the approval on 2 July 2025.Shelby County Health Department Inspect record
  34. signatureRevocationGovernmentSection 4 of Executive Order 14318 of 23 July 2025 revoked Executive Order 14141 of 14 January 2025.EO 14318 (2025) · EO 14141 (2025) Inspect record
  35. signatureText signed or issuedGovernmentExecutive Order 14318, "Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure", is dated 23 July 2025 and was published in the Federal Register on 28 July 2025 (FR Doc. 2025-14212).The White House · EO 14318 (2025) Inspect record
  36. announcementPlan announcedAnnouncementGovernmentDOE announced on 24 July 2025 that it had selected Idaho National Laboratory, the Oak Ridge Reservation, the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant and the Savannah River Site to invite private partners to develop AI data centre and energy generation projects, following an April 2025 request for information.U.S. Department of Energy Inspect record
  37. publicationProvisionGovernmentSection 2(a) of Executive Order 14318 defines a "Data Center Project" as a facility requiring more than 100 MW of new load dedicated to AI inference, training, simulation or synthetic data generation.EO 14318 (2025) Inspect record
  38. publicationCapacity stated in a plan · planSitesMark Zuckerberg said on Meta's 30 July 2025 earnings call that Meta was building out Hyperion, "which will be able to scale up to 5GW over several years".Meta · Hyperion (Meta AI training cluster) Inspect record
  39. publicationCapacity stated in a plan · planSitesMark Zuckerberg said on the same call that the Prometheus cluster was "coming online next year" and that Meta thought it would be "the world's first 1GW+ cluster".Meta · Prometheus (Meta AI supercluster), New Albany, Ohio Inspect record
  40. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesThe Stargate Norway release stated planned capacity of 230MW, with ambitions to expand by a further 290MW.Nscale · Stargate Norway, Kvandal (Narvik), Norway Inspect record
  41. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesNscale, Aker and OpenAI announced on 31 July 2025 Stargate Norway, an AI infrastructure project at Kvandal outside Narvik, to be designed and built by Nscale and owned by a planned 50/50 Nscale–Aker joint venture.Nscale · Stargate Norway, Kvandal (Narvik), Norway Inspect record
  42. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerGoogle announced on 18 August 2025 a power purchase agreement under which TVA will buy electricity from Kairos Power's Hermes 2 plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, enabling 50 MW on TVA's grid serving Google's data centers in Montgomery County, Tennessee and Jackson County, Alabama, with Google procuring the plant's clean energy attributes through TVA.Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) · Kairos Power Inspect record
  43. announcementRegulator decisionAnnouncementPowerThe Louisiana Public Service Commission decided at its Business and Executive Session of 20 August 2025, in Order U-37425 dated 29 August 2025 and effective immediately, on Entergy Louisiana’s application for generation and transmission resources to serve a single customer in North Louisiana. Entergy stated on 20 August 2025 that the approval allows it to build three combined-cycle combustion turbine plants tied to Meta’s Richland Parish data centre, two there expected online in late 2028 and one at Waterford by the end of 2029.Louisiana Public Service Commission (LPSC) Inspect record
  44. signatureEquity right granted · contractChipsIntel’s Form 8-K for 22 August 2025 states that the warrants issued to the Department of Commerce are exercisable only if Intel ceases to own at least 51% of its foundry business, expire on the fifth anniversary of closing and carry an exercise price of $20.00 per share.Intel · United States Department of Commerce Inspect record
  45. signatureGovernment award · contractChipsIntel reported in a Form 8-K that on 22 August 2025 it entered into a Warrant and Common Stock Agreement with the U.S. Department of Commerce under which the US Government agreed to make $8,869,800,000 of disbursements and Intel agreed to issue up to 433,323,000 shares of common stock and warrants.United States Department of Commerce · Intel Inspect record
  46. announcementInvestment announced · announcedAnnouncementChipsIntel’s release of 22 August 2025 announced that the US government would make an $8.9 billion investment in Intel common stock, purchasing 433.3 million shares at $20.47 per share (stated as equivalent to a 9.9 percent stake), funded by $5.7 billion of unpaid CHIPS Act grants and $3.2 billion awarded under the Secure Enclave program; the release quotes Commerce Secretary Lutnick saying the administration “remains committed to reinforcing our country’s dominance in artificial intelligence”.United States Department of Commerce · Intel Inspect record
  47. announcementInvestment · closedAnnouncementChipsIntel reported in a Form 8-K that the closing under the agreement occurred on 27 August 2025, when Intel received $5.695 billion of accelerated CHIPS disbursements and issued 274,583,000 shares and a warrant to the Department of Commerce, with 158,740,000 further shares issued into escrow pending Secure Enclave disbursements.United States Department of Commerce · Intel Inspect record
  48. announcementSite announced · commitmentAnnouncementSitesNscale announced that it and Microsoft had entered a commitment on Nscale's AI Campus in Loughton, stated to deliver 50MW of AI capacity, scalable to 90MW, and initially to house 23,040 NVIDIA GB300 GPUs delivered in Q1 2027.Nscale · Nscale AI Campus, Loughton, England Inspect record
  49. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesNscale announced on 16 September 2025 that Nscale, OpenAI and NVIDIA were together establishing Stargate UK, an infrastructure platform to deploy OpenAI’s technology in the UK, expected to be based across several UK sites including Cobalt Park, which will form part of the newly designated North East AI Growth Zone.Nscale · Stargate UK (multi-site platform) Inspect record
  50. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesNscale stated that OpenAI "will explore offtake of up to 8,000 NVIDIA GPUs in Q1 2026", with potential to scale to 31,000 GPUs; the UK government's release of the next day said the first phase "will see OpenAI take up to 8,000 GPUs".OpenAI · Stargate UK (multi-site platform) Inspect record
  51. announcementZone designated · announcedAnnouncementGovernmentThe UK government announced on 17 September 2025 an AI Growth Zone in the North East, made up of sites in Blyth and Cobalt Park, which it said was set to attract up to £30 billion in private investment.DSIT · North East AI Growth Zone (Blyth and Cobalt Park) Inspect record
  52. announcementPlan announcedAnnouncementChipsEric Xu stated, in Huawei’s published keynote transcript, at Huawei Connect on 18 September 2025 that over the next three years Huawei would work on three new Ascend chip series (950, 960 and 970), with the Ascend 950PR to be available in the first quarter of 2026, the 950DT in the fourth quarter of 2026, the 960 in the fourth quarter of 2027 and the 970 planned for the fourth quarter of 2028.Huawei / 华为 Inspect record
  53. announcementInvestment announced · announcedAnnouncementChipsNVIDIA and Intel announced on 18 September 2025, in a joint release, that NVIDIA will invest $5 billion in Intel’s common stock at a purchase price of $23.28 per share, subject to customary closing conditions including regulatory approvals.NVIDIA · Intel Inspect record
  54. announcementInvestment announced · letter of intentAnnouncementChipsThe joint OpenAI–NVIDIA release of 22 September 2025 stated that NVIDIA intended to invest up to $100 billion in OpenAI progressively as each gigawatt of NVIDIA systems is deployed.NVIDIA · OpenAI Inspect record
  55. announcementSupply agreement · letter of intentAnnouncementChipsOpenAI and NVIDIA announced on 22 September 2025, in a joint release on NVIDIA's newsroom, a letter of intent for a partnership to deploy at least 10 gigawatts of NVIDIA systems for OpenAI’s AI infrastructure, with the first gigawatt targeted for the second half of 2026 on the NVIDIA Vera Rubin platform.OpenAI · NVIDIA Inspect record
  56. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesThe September 2025 release stated that the five new sites, the Abilene site and ongoing CoreWeave projects together bring Stargate to "nearly 7 gigawatts of planned capacity and over $400 billion in investment over the next three years".Stargate Project Inspect record
  57. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesThe same 23 September 2025 release announced a Stargate site in Doña Ana County, New Mexico, as one of three new sites under the OpenAI–Oracle agreement.Oracle · Stargate site, Doña Ana County, New Mexico Inspect record
  58. announcementStatus statedAnnouncementSitesThe September 2025 release stated that SoftBank had broken ground at the Lordstown, Ohio site, which it said was on track to be operational the following year.Stargate site, Lordstown, Ohio Inspect record
  59. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesThe September 2025 release announced a Stargate site in Milam County, Texas, to be developed through the SoftBank–OpenAI partnership with SB Energy, a SoftBank Group company.SoftBank Group · Stargate site, Milam County, Texas Inspect record
  60. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesThe September 2025 release stated that the three Oracle-developed sites, combined with a potential 600 MW expansion near the Abilene site, "can deliver over 5.5 gigawatts of capacity".Oracle Inspect record
  61. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesA joint OpenAI, Oracle and SoftBank release of 23 September 2025 announced a Stargate site in Shackelford County, Texas, as one of three new sites under the OpenAI–Oracle agreement.Oracle · Stargate site, Shackelford County, Texas Inspect record
  62. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesThe September 2025 release stated that the Lordstown and Milam County sites together "can scale to 1.5 gigawatts over the next 18 months".SoftBank Group Inspect record
  63. announcementSupply agreement · letter of intentAnnouncementChipsSamsung's release of 1 October 2025 stated that OpenAI and four Samsung companies had announced a letter of intent under which Samsung Electronics will work with OpenAI as a strategic memory partner to supply advanced semiconductor solutions for OpenAI’s Stargate initiative.OpenAI · Samsung Electronics Inspect record
  64. signatureSupply agreement · letter of intentChipsSK Group announced on 1 October 2025 that SK hynix had signed a letter of intent with OpenAI to supply High Bandwidth Memory for Stargate data centres and would establish a production system able to meet OpenAI’s HBM demand of up to 900,000 DRAM wafers per month.OpenAI · SK hynix Inspect record
  65. announcementEquity right granted · announcedAnnouncementChipsThe joint AMD–OpenAI release of 6 October 2025 stated that AMD had issued OpenAI a warrant for up to 160 million shares of AMD common stock, vesting as milestones are achieved: the first tranche with the initial 1 gigawatt deployment, further tranches as purchases scale up to 6 gigawatts, and vesting further tied to AMD share-price targets and to OpenAI technical and commercial milestones.Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) · OpenAI Inspect record
  66. announcementSupply agreement · contract (as worded: “definitive agreement (AMD release)”)AnnouncementChipsAMD and OpenAI announced on 6 October 2025, in a joint release, a definitive agreement under which OpenAI is to deploy 6 gigawatts of AMD Instinct GPUs across multiple generations, beginning with a 1 gigawatt deployment of MI450 GPUs set to start in the second half of 2026.OpenAI · Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) Inspect record
  67. publicationProvisionExport controlsAnnouncement No. 61 of 2025, on export controls for overseas rare-earth-related items, provides that export licence applications for those items whose end use is research, development or production of logic chips of 14 nanometres or below or memory chips of 256 layers or above, related manufacturing and test equipment and materials, or research and development of AI with potential military use, are examined case by case.MOFCOM Announcement 61/2025 Inspect record
  68. publicationText signed or issuedExport controlsMOFCOM issued Announcement No. 61 of 2025 on 9 October 2025, requiring foreign exporters to obtain a MOFCOM dual-use export licence for certain foreign-made items containing Chinese-origin rare-earth items, with parts effective from 1 December 2025 and the rest on publication.MOFCOM · MOFCOM Announcement 61/2025 Inspect record
  69. announcementSupply agreement · announcedAnnouncementChipsThe joint OpenAI–Broadcom release of 13 October 2025 announced a collaboration for 10 gigawatts of custom AI accelerators designed by OpenAI and developed and deployed with Broadcom, with deployment of racks targeted to start in the second half of 2026 and to be completed by the end of 2029.OpenAI · Broadcom Inspect record
  70. announcementSupply agreement · term sheet (as worded: “signed a term sheet”)AnnouncementChipsThe joint OpenAI–Broadcom release of 13 October 2025 stated that the two companies had signed a term sheet to deploy racks incorporating OpenAI-designed AI accelerators and Broadcom networking, and that they had long-standing agreements on co-development and supply of the accelerators.OpenAI · Broadcom Inspect record
  71. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementSitesGoogle announced on 14 October 2025 an investment of approximately $15 billion over five years (2026–2030) to establish its first AI hub in India, in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.Google Inspect record
  72. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesGoogle stated that the Visakhapatnam AI hub will include a purpose-built data center campus capable of gigawatt-scale compute capacity, with AdaniConneX and Airtel as partners.Google · Google AI hub data center campus, Visakhapatnam, India Inspect record
  73. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesMeta announced on 15 October 2025 that it was breaking ground on an AI-focused data center in El Paso, Texas, that "can scale to a 1GW data center site", with an initial phase investment of more than $1.5 billion.Meta · Meta El Paso data center, Texas Inspect record
  74. announcementStatus statedAnnouncementSitesG42 stated on 16 October 2025 that construction of the first 200MW of Stargate UAE, developed by its company Khazna Data Centers, was well underway toward a planned 2026 delivery.Stargate UAE (1 GW cluster), Abu Dhabi Inspect record
  75. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesOpenAI, Oracle and Vantage Data Centers announced on 22 October 2025 plans for a campus in Port Washington, Wisconsin, which Vantage’s release identifies as "the Midwest site that was recently announced as part of OpenAI’s Stargate expansion".Vantage Data Centers · Lighthouse campus, Port Washington, Wisconsin (Stargate) Inspect record
  76. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesVantage stated that the Port Washington campus will feature four data centers providing close to a gigawatt of AI capacity, with construction to begin soon and completion scheduled for 2028.Vantage Data Centers · Lighthouse campus, Port Washington, Wisconsin (Stargate) Inspect record
  77. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementSitesVantage's release described its own "$15B+ investment" in Port Washington.Vantage Data Centers · Lighthouse campus, Port Washington, Wisconsin (Stargate) Inspect record
  78. signatureText issued or publishedGovernmentIn a letter of 23 October 2025, citing his authority under section 403 of the DOE Organization Act, the Secretary of Energy directed FERC to initiate rulemaking and attached for its consideration an advance notice of proposed rulemaking on interconnecting large loads, including AI data centres, to the transmission system, asking for final action no later than 30 April 2026.U.S. Department of Energy · Secretary of Energy's direction to FERC under section 403 of the DOE Organization Act, with draft ANOPR on the interconnection of large loads Inspect record
  79. announcementPower agreement · announcedAnnouncementPowerGoogle announced on 27 October 2025 a collaboration with NextEra Energy including the restart of the Duane Arnold Energy Center in Iowa, which Google expects back online in early 2029 providing more than 600 MW to the regional grid to support its cloud and AI infrastructure in Iowa.Google · NextEra Energy Inspect record
  80. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesOpenAI, Oracle and Related Digital announced on 30 October 2025 plans to develop a data center campus with more than a gigawatt of capacity in Saline Township, Michigan, as part of the OpenAI–Oracle 4.5 GW partnership.Related Digital · Stargate site, Saline Township, Michigan ("The Barn") Inspect record
  81. publicationProvisionExport controlsJoint MOFCOM–GAC Announcement No. 70 of 2025, dated 7 November 2025, suspends MOFCOM Announcements No. 61 and No. 62 of 2025 (and joint Announcements Nos. 55 to 58 of 2025) from that day until 10 November 2026.MOFCOM–GAC Announcement 70/2025 Inspect record
  82. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementSitesAnthropic announced on 12 November 2025 a $50 billion investment in American computing infrastructure, building data centers with Fluidstack in Texas and New York, with sites coming online throughout 2026.Anthropic Inspect record
  83. announcementStatus statedAnnouncementSitesA Microsoft Source feature of November 2025 stated that the Atlanta AI datacenter "began operation in October".Fairwater AI datacenter, Atlanta, Georgia Inspect record
  84. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesMicrosoft unveiled on 12 November 2025 the next Fairwater site of Azure AI datacenters, in Atlanta, Georgia, connected to its Wisconsin Fairwater site.Microsoft · Fairwater AI datacenter, Atlanta, Georgia Inspect record
  85. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementSitesGoogle announced on 14 November 2025 a $40 billion investment in Texas through 2027 to build cloud and AI infrastructure, including new data center campuses in Armstrong and Haskell Counties.Google Inspect record
  86. announcementCloud commitment · commitmentAnnouncementChipsThe joint announcement of 18 November 2025 by Microsoft, NVIDIA and Anthropic stated that Anthropic had committed to purchase $30 billion of Azure compute capacity and to contract additional compute capacity up to one gigawatt.Anthropic · Microsoft Inspect record
  87. announcementCompute capacity commitment · commitmentAnnouncementChipsThe joint announcement of 18 November 2025 stated that Anthropic’s compute commitment would initially be up to one gigawatt of compute capacity with NVIDIA Grace Blackwell and Vera Rubin systems, and that Anthropic and NVIDIA would collaborate on design and engineering.Anthropic · NVIDIA Inspect record
  88. announcementInvestment announced · commitmentAnnouncementChipsThe joint announcement of 18 November 2025 stated that Microsoft was committing to invest up to $5 billion in Anthropic.Microsoft · Anthropic Inspect record
  89. announcementInvestment announced · commitmentAnnouncementChipsThe joint announcement of 18 November 2025 stated that NVIDIA was committing to invest up to $10 billion in Anthropic.NVIDIA · Anthropic Inspect record
  90. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesAmazon stated that the investment will add nearly 1.3 gigawatts of AI and supercomputing capacity across the AWS Top Secret, AWS Secret and AWS GovCloud (US) Regions.Amazon · AWS AI and HPC expansion across Top Secret, Secret and GovCloud (US) Regions Inspect record
  91. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementSitesAmazon announced on 24 November 2025 an investment of up to $50 billion to expand AI and supercomputing capabilities for AWS US government customers, set to break ground in 2026.Amazon · AWS AI and HPC expansion across Top Secret, Secret and GovCloud (US) Regions Inspect record

2026

  1. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesElon Musk was quoted in the Mississippi release as saying MACROHARDRR "pushes our Colossus training compute to ~2GW"; the release also says the Southaven data center will increase the company's computing power to nearly 2 gigawatts.xAI Inspect record
  2. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementSitesThe Mississippi governor's office stated that the Southaven project will represent a corporate investment exceeding $20 billion.xAI · MACROHARDRR, xAI data center, Southaven, Mississippi Inspect record
  3. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesThe Mississippi governor's office announced on 8 January 2026 that xAI is locating a data center, MACROHARDRR, in Southaven, in a building xAI has purchased and is retrofitting, with operations expected to begin in February 2026.xAI · MACROHARDRR, xAI data center, Southaven, Mississippi Inspect record
  4. announcementPower agreement · commitmentAnnouncementPowerMeta announced on 9 January 2026 a partnership with Oklo supporting an advanced nuclear campus in Pike County, Ohio, which may come online as early as 2030 and add up to 1.2 GW to the PJM market, with Meta's funding supporting early procurement and development.Meta · Oklo Inspect record
  5. announcementPower agreement · commitmentAnnouncementPowerMeta announced on 9 January 2026 an agreement providing funding for the development of two TerraPower Natrium units of up to 690 MW with delivery as early as 2032, and rights to energy from up to six further units of 2.1 GW targeted for delivery by 2035.Meta · TerraPower Inspect record
  6. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerMeta announced on 9 January 2026 20-year nuclear energy agreements to purchase more than 2.1 GW from Vistra's Perry and Davis-Besse plants in Ohio and energy from uprates at those plants and Beaver Valley in Pennsylvania, the uprates totalling 433 MW expected in the early 2030s.Meta · Vistra Inspect record
  7. effectiveProvisionExport controlsThe January 2026 rule changes the licence review policy for exports from the United States to end users in China or Macau of commodities with a TPP below 21,000 and total DRAM bandwidth below 6,500 GB/s, naming the NVIDIA H200 and AMD MI325X as examples, from a presumption of denial to case-by-case review, provided stated conditions and the applicant’s certifications are met.BIS licence review policy rule (2026) Inspect record
  8. publicationText issued or publishedExport controlsThe Bureau of Industry and Security published the final rule "Revision to License Review Policy for Advanced Computing Commodities" in the Federal Register of 15 January 2026, effective that day.BIS · BIS licence review policy rule (2026) Inspect record
  9. publicationStatus statedGovernmentThe UK government's January 2026 progress update stated that it had designated 5 AI Growth Zones across Great Britain, including 2 in Wales and one in Scotland, generating £28.2 billion in investment.DSIT Inspect record
  10. publicationProvisionGovernmentProclamation 11014 of 4 March 2026 states that under the Ratepayer Protection Pledge hyperscalers and AI companies will build, bring or buy the new generation and electricity needed for their energy demands and pay for new power delivery infrastructure upgrades for their data centres, and that seven technology companies accepted its terms that day.Proclamation 11014 (2026) Inspect record
  11. announcementStatus statedAnnouncementSitesCrusoe stated on 27 March 2026 that the first two buildings of its Abilene campus had been energized and that the second phase was expected to reach completion by the end of 2026.Crusoe AI data center, Lancium Clean Campus, Abilene, Texas Inspect record
  12. announcementCapacity stated in a plan · planAnnouncementSitesCrusoe stated that the new campus brings the total projected capacity across the full Abilene site to 2.1 gigawatts.Crusoe Inspect record
  13. announcementSite announced · announcedAnnouncementSitesCrusoe announced on 27 March 2026 a new 900 MW AI factory campus in Abilene, adjacent to its existing campus, to support large-scale AI workloads for Microsoft, with land clearing underway and the first building expected to be energized in mid-2027.Crusoe · Crusoe 900 MW AI factory campus for Microsoft, Abilene, Texas Inspect record
  14. publicationProvisionGovernmentTask (1) of the 2026 AI–energy plan calls for exploring, in the light of regional energy and water carrying capacity, co-construction of million-kilowatt-scale AI computing facilities with matching energy systems, with pilots in suitable regions, to advance integrated computing–power coordination (算电协同).China AI–energy action plan (2026) Inspect record
  15. publicationText issued or publishedGovernmentThe NDRC, NEA, MIIT and National Data Administration issued the Action Plan on Promoting Two-Way Empowerment of Artificial Intelligence and Energy (国能发科技〔2026〕34号), dated 8 April 2026 and published on 8 May 2026.NEA · China AI–energy action plan (2026) Inspect record
  16. announcementPlan announcedAnnouncementGovernmentThe Commission announced on 3 June 2026, as part of its tech sovereignty package, a Strategic Roadmap for Digitalisation and AI in the Energy Sector, stating that growth of digital infrastructure is expected to increase electricity demand and that the roadmap will ensure data centres are integrated into the energy system in a sustainable and transparent manner.European Commission Inspect record
  17. announcementStatus statedAnnouncementSitesMicrosoft announced on 23 June 2026 that it had completed construction of its first Mount Pleasant datacenter facility, after bringing equipment online in April, and that the facility was fully operational.Fairwater AI datacenter, Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin Inspect record
  18. effectiveProvisionExport controlsThe July 2026 rule states that the UAE Government and approved commercial entities will have licence-free access to advanced computing items, consistent with the May 2025 U.S.-UAE Artificial Intelligence Cooperation framework, while licence requirements are maintained for other advanced computing exports to or within the UAE.BIS UAE rule (2026) Inspect record
  19. announcementSpending plan · planAnnouncementSitesMeta stated on 13 July 2026 that the Richland Parish expansion "represents an investment of more than $50 billion" in the region.Meta · Meta Richland Parish Data Center, Louisiana Inspect record
  20. publicationProvisionExport controlsThe July 2026 BIS rule on the UAE states that, although § 742.6(a)(6)(iii)(A) of the EAR specifies a worldwide licence requirement for certain advanced computing items, BIS, consistent with guidance issued on 13 May 2025 and 31 May 2026, is only enforcing it for destinations in Country Groups D:1, D:4 or D:5, excluding those also in Country Groups A:5 or A:6, and for entities headquartered in, or with an ultimate parent headquartered in, Country Group D:5 or Macau, wherever located. It adds that, although the UAE moves to Country Group A:5, BIS will continue enforcing the requirement for the UAE, except for UAE Government entities and listed approved commercial entities.BIS UAE rule (2026) Inspect record
  21. publicationText issued or publishedExport controlsThe Bureau of Industry and Security published the final rule "Enhanced Favorable Treatment for the United Arab Emirates Under the Export Administration Regulations" in the Federal Register of 14 July 2026, effective 10 July 2026.BIS · BIS UAE rule (2026) Inspect record
  22. announcementGovernment award · announced (as worded: “selected to enter lease negotiations (as stated)”)AnnouncementGovernmentNNSA announced on 20 July 2026 the selection of Amentum to enter negotiations for a phased lease to develop an AI data centre with dedicated on-site energy generation at the Savannah River Site, a project of a 1 GW data centre and about 2 GW of generation from natural gas bridging to nuclear.National Nuclear Security Administration · Amentum Inspect record
  23. announcementRegulator decisionAnnouncementPowerConstellation stated on 6 August 2026 that the NRC had approved a fuel licence amendment request for the Crane Clean Energy Center, and that it was moving closer to restarting operations in 2027.U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Inspect record
  24. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerConstellation and Amazon announced on 30 September 2026 a 20-year agreement covering 690 MW of power from the Calvert Cliffs plant in Maryland, including an uprate of approximately 190 MW expected online between 2030 and 2032, with a related retail supply agreement for Amazon operations in PJM.Amazon · Constellation Energy Corporation Inspect record
  25. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerConstellation stated on 6 October 2026 that it and Google had also entered into a 15-year energy supply agreement for an additional 2,700 MW from Constellation's fleet in PJM.Google · Constellation Energy Corporation Inspect record
  26. announcementPower agreement · contractAnnouncementPowerGoogle and Constellation announced on 6 October 2026 a 20-year power purchase agreement to bring 890 MW of new nuclear capacity onto the PJM grid through uprates at 11 Constellation-owned units in Illinois, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, with the first uprate expected by 2028.Google · Constellation Energy Corporation Inspect record
  27. announcementPower agreement · announced (as worded: “signed an agreement to explore”)AnnouncementPowerAmazon announced on 19 October 2026 that it, X-energy and AEP had signed an agreement to explore deploying twelve Xe-100 small modular reactors in Indiana, adding 960 MW to serve the regional grid and Amazon's data centers, with Amazon serving as project development funder and stated to be the first customer to purchase power from the plant once operational.Amazon · American Electric Power (AEP) Inspect record
  28. snapshotStatus statedGovernmentEuroHPC JU states that 76 expressions of interest proposing AI gigafactories in 16 Member States across 60 sites were submitted to the call that closed on 20 June 2025.European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU) Inspect record

Stated dates: targets, deadlines and terms

55 dates that parties gave for something they expected or required, grouped by the year stated. Each is shown in the source’s words where a date cannot express them (“mid-2027”). A stated date records what was said on the record’s own date. It is not an event, and it does not show that the target was met.

2024

  • 2024-06 Construction start reported · Crusoe, 2025-03-18 Record

2025

  • first half of 2025 Operation target · Crusoe, 2025-03-18 Record
  • end of 2025 Completion target · NDRC, 2024-07-03 Record
  • end of 2025 Completion target · U.S. Department of Energy, 2025-07-24 Record
  • 2025-02-28 Deadline · The White House, 2025-01-17 Record
  • 2025-10 Operation start reported · Microsoft, 2025-11-12 Record
  • 2025-10-15 Construction start reported · Meta, 2025-10-15 Record

2026

  • Q1 2026 Launch target · Huawei / 华为, 2025-09-18 RecordAscend 950PR
  • Q4 2026 Launch target · Huawei / 华为, 2025-09-18 RecordAscend 950DT
  • early 2026 Operation target · Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD), 2025-05-13 Recordmulti-exaflop capacity; stated in the joint AMD–HUMAIN release
  • second half of 2026 Delivery target · Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD), 2025-10-06 Recordstart of first 1 gigawatt MI450 deployment
  • second half of 2026 Delivery target · Broadcom, 2025-10-13 Recordstart of rack deployment
  • second half of 2026 Delivery target · NVIDIA, 2025-09-22 Recordfirst gigawatt, Vera Rubin platform
  • 2026 Operation target · Anthropic, 2025-11-12 Record
  • 2026 Construction start target · Amazon, 2025-11-24 Record
  • mid-2026 Completion target · Crusoe, 2025-03-18 Recordsecond phase of construction
  • by the end of 2026 Completion target · Crusoe, 2026-03-27 Record
  • 2026 Operation target · Meta, 2025-07-30 Record
  • 2026 Operation target · SoftBank Group, 2025-09-23 Record
  • early 2026 Construction start target · Related Digital, 2025-10-30 Record"early 2026", a target; recorded as a planned start, not a stated start.
  • 2026 Operation target · G42, 2025-05-22 Record
  • 2026 Delivery target · G42, 2025-10-16 Record
  • Q1 2026 Delivery target · Nscale, 2025-09-16 Record
  • 2026-02 Operation target · xAI, 2026-01-08 Recordas reported by the governor's office ("The company expects")
  • 2026-04 Operation start reported · Microsoft, 2026-06-23 RecordApril 2026: equipment brought online and startup activities, as stated; not stated as the date of full operation.
  • 2026-04-30 Deadline · U.S. Department of Energy, 2025-10-23 Record

2027

  • Q4 2027 Launch target · Huawei / 华为, 2025-09-18 RecordAscend 960
  • mid-2027 Operation target · Crusoe, 2026-03-27 Record
  • 2027 Completion target · Google, 2025-11-14 Record
  • Q1 2027 Delivery target · Nscale, 2025-09-16 Record
  • 2027 Operation target · Constellation Energy Corporation, 2026-08-06 Record
  • 2027-06 Delivery target · Constellation Energy Corporation, 2025-06-03 Record

2028

  • Q4 2028 Launch target · Huawei / 华为, 2025-09-18 RecordAscend 970
  • 2028 Completion target · Vantage Data Centers, 2025-10-22 Record
  • late 2028; two plants Operation target · entergy-louisiana, 2025-08-20 Record
  • first uprate (2028) Delivery target · Constellation Energy Corporation, 2026-10-06 Record
  • 2028 Operation target · Helion Energy, 2023-05-10 Record
  • 2028 Operation target · Constellation Energy Corporation, 2024-09-20 Record

2029

  • by the end of 2029 Delivery target · Broadcom, 2025-10-13 Recordcompletion by end of 2029
  • by end; Waterford plant (2029) Operation target · entergy-louisiana, 2025-08-20 Record
  • early 2029 Operation target · Google, 2025-10-27 Record

2030

  • 2030 Operation target · Google, 2024-10-14 Record
  • as early as 2030 Operation target · Meta, 2026-01-09 Record
  • 2030 Operation target · Google, 2025-08-18 Record

2032

  • as early as 2032 Delivery target · Meta, 2026-01-09 Record
  • 2032 Delivery target · Talen Energy Corporation, 2025-06-11 Record

2035

  • 2035 Operation target · Google, 2024-10-14 Record
  • by 2035 Delivery target · Meta, 2026-01-09 Record

2039

  • collaboration target, >5 GW (2039) Operation target · Amazon, 2026-10-19 Record

2042

  • 2042 Contract runs until · Talen Energy Corporation, 2025-06-11 Record

No year stated

  • over the next 18 months Operation target · SoftBank Group, 2025-09-23 RecordFrom the release of 23 September 2025; no month is stated.
  • 2030–2032, uprate Operation target · Constellation Energy Corporation, 2026-09-30 Record
  • early 2030s Operation target · Amazon, 2024-10-16 Record
  • early 2030s Delivery target · Meta, 2024-12-03 Record
  • early 2030s, uprates Operation target · Meta, 2026-01-09 Record

Data-centre projects

Sites, campuses and programmes as their developers or governments announced them. A spending figure is the announcing party’s; where several parties are named, the record says whose figure it is.

Sites announced · 16 records

Capacity stated in plans · 12 records

Status as stated · 6 records

Spending plans · 9 records

Power

Agreements on electricity for data centres, at the stage the parties state, and decisions of regulators on plants and loads. An agreement to explore is not a contract, and a contract is not delivery of power.

Power agreements · 19 records

Regulator decisions · 4 records

Plans announced · 2 records

Chip supply

Agreements to supply chips, memory and systems, compute commitments, and chip manufacturing in the United States. Investments named in the same announcements are listed with them, each as the investor’s own commitment.

Supply agreements · 8 records

Compute commitments and investments announced with them · 6 records

Chip manufacturing and plans · 11 records

Government measures

Texts and announcements of governments on data-centre sites, power and investment, with the provisions recorded. Each is dated by its own record; a date a text sets for a later step is shown as a stated date.

United States: federal government · 12 records

United States: Texas · 2 records

United Kingdom · 5 records

European Union · 4 records

China · 4 records

Export controls

Rules and guidance of the US Bureau of Industry and Security on advanced computing items, and announcements of China’s Ministry of Commerce on exports of materials and items used in chipmaking. Each rule is dated by its publication, with its effective date in the record.

United States: Bureau of Industry and Security · 14 records

China: Ministry of Commerce · 6 records

Compute in orbit

The reasons given for placing computing in orbit, and the limits and objections raised against it, are recorded as propositions on their own page, each with its earliest located text.

Read the arguments about compute in orbit →

Not covered

Subjects outside the page’s bounds, records held at admission, sources that could not be retrieved and how figures were coded, from the admission records of 30 October 2026. A gap is not a finding that something did not happen.

Outside the page’s bounds

  • Plans, launch statements and regulatory filings for computing in orbit, admitted with these records. Each is on its record page; the arguments about them are on the page linked above. Records: SpaceX · Starcloud · Axiom Space
  • Records of compute and cloud agreements admitted before this pack, among them OpenAI’s agreement with Oracle on further Stargate capacity and the first rack deliveries to the Abilene site. They are on the dossiers of the institutions they name. Records: OpenAI · Stargate I, Abilene · OpenAI
  • The AI diffusion rule of January 2025 and the announcement of its rescission are on the frameworks-and-law guide. The foundry rule listed here names it. Records: BIS · BIS
  • Whether an announced site was built, whether contracted power was delivered, how many chips were shipped and how much electricity data centres used. No record here measures any of them.

Held at admission

  • NVIDIA’s statements on a US licence requirement for its H20 chip (April 2025) and on no H20 sales to China (August 2025). They are held until a BIS letter or rule stating the requirement is retrieved.
  • ADA Space’s own statement of the launch of the Three-Body Computing Constellation. Its homepage now serves a suspension notice, so the statement could not be read again at admission.

Retrieval limits

  • Four sources were read only in Internet Archive captures, by a reviewer from a different model family, because this admission could not reach the Archive, Talen’s investor site or Shelby County’s address: the Shelby County permit, Talen’s sale release, Talen’s results of 14 March 2024 and Talen’s power purchase release. Their evidence is given as paraphrase, never as quotation. Records: Shelby County Health Department · Talen Energy Corporation · Talen Energy Corporation

How figures were coded

  • What each figure measures was coded by rule from the research pack’s description of it, and that description is not kept. Each figure keeps its source’s wording in its unit. Read the wording before relying on the code.
  • Where a source gives a figure in megawatts or gigawatts without saying whether it is facility power, IT capacity, generation or contracted energy, the figure is marked “not stated”. Two such figures cannot be compared.