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Propositions · 10 propositions · 151 records · 1979–2026

Machine succession, scale and acceleration: propositions in located texts, 1979–2026

Which located texts, from 1979 to 2026, state, contest or bear on ten propositions about machine intelligence: that machines succeed humans, that this would be acceptable, that minds move into machines, that building such machines brings conflict, that machine intelligence vastly exceeds human intelligence, that capital is itself a machine intelligence, that intelligence is its own end, that development should be accelerated, and that machine intelligence is a cosmic process that spreads beyond Earth? For each proposition, which text is the earliest located?

Each proposition is recorded with one criterion. It is phrased generically and attributed to no one. A text that meets the criterion articulates the proposition. A text that disputes it contests it, and the record says whether the passage gives a reason or states the contrary only. A text that comes close bears on it, and its record names what is missing. A record says what one text states on its date. It does not place its author in a school or camp, and the group names describe subjects, not movements. Where a text frames a passage as a story or reports another author’s view, the record says so. Texts are listed in date order; the order records no influence between them. Where a later text names an earlier text or author, that naming is recorded on its own, and it is not agreement. The page records what texts say. It does not assess whether any proposition is right.

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The original sources first, in date order, then every proposition on this page with its criterion, earliest located text and records. Each record gives its original source and the place in it, its role, register and dates, the qualification and the missing element of a context record, then the Selekoa identifiers. Stored paraphrases and permitted short quotes are included. Original documents are not.

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How to read a record
Articulates
A passage meets the proposition’s criterion.
Contests
A passage disputes the proposition or a premise it depends on.
Bears on
A passage comes close without meeting the criterion; the record names what is missing.
Earliest located
The earliest articulation the searches found, dated by its wording. It is not a claim that no earlier text exists. The earliest located text that contests a proposition is chosen by the same rule.
Earliest located use of the name
The earliest located text that uses the proposition’s usual name. A title can carry the name without stating the proposition.
Most developed
The fullest treatment among the located texts. An editorial judgement, not a measure.
Engages a premise, states the contrary
A contesting passage engages a premise when its paragraph, message or dialogue turn gives a reason against it. Otherwise it states the contrary conclusion only.
Later restatement
The author restates a point made in an earlier located text of their own.
Dates
The first date is the one the work is dated by. “Wording attested” gives the date from which the quoted wording is known, when it survives only in a later copy. “Claimed” gives an earlier talk, draft or presentation that does not date the wording.
Register: the kind of text
Fiction, satire, a dream frame or a relay of another author is labelled. A passage in fiction records what the work says, not its author’s view. Unlabelled records are nonfiction.
Limits of this page
  • “Earliest located” means the earliest text found by the searches described under “How we searched”. It is not a claim of first use or first statement, and the order of texts records no influence.
  • A record documents what one text says on its date. It is not evidence that the proposition is true, and it does not say what the author holds at another date.
  • No author is placed in a school, movement or camp. A proposition is phrased generically and attributed to no one, and texts grouped under one proposition disagree about much else.
  • A naming of an earlier text or author is recorded as a citation, or as a credit where the passage credits the author. It is not agreement and not evidence of influence.
  • Passages that a text frames as a story, and passages that report another author’s view, are labelled. No passage that advocates violence is quoted.
  • A machine selected and classified these records, and machine checks from two model families re-examined a sample of them.

WA · Machine intelligence and the human succession

Propositions that machines succeed humans as the leading intelligence, that this would be acceptable or desirable, that human minds could move into machines, and that building superhuman machines would bring conflict among humans.

W01 Machines succeed humans as the leading intelligence

Criterion. Machine intelligence will or could replace or succeed human beings as the dominant or leading form of intelligence on Earth, or as the principal agent of further development, whether or not humans survive.

Usual names: “genetic takeover”, “postbiological”, “post-biological”, “AI succession”

Earliest located text that contests it
Jaron Lanier · One Half a Manifesto · 2000-11-10
Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (23)

  1. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Today’s Computers, Intelligent Machines and Our FutureMoravec's essay of 1979 states that humans will be unable to keep up with the machines that are the progeny of human minds, so that the ratio of people to machines approaches zero and a descendant of human culture, not of human genes, inherits the universe.1979-02 · wording attested 2001-07-10 · claimed 1976-07-21 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Articulates · Earliest locatedHugo de Garis · What If AI Succeeds? The Rise of the Twenty-First Century ArtilectDe Garis's AI Magazine article of 1989 writes that in 20 years' time it will be commonplace to say that the twenty-first century will be dominated by the machine "if humanity so chooses—and maybe even if not". It also sets out a second scenario, which it calls "probably more popular in science fiction", in which the artilects take over and events might evolve too quickly for human beings to remain in control.1989 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Articulates · Earliest located use of the nameHans Moravec · Human Culture—A Genetic Takeover UnderwayMoravec's chapter of 1989 states that intelligent machines could carry on human cultural evolution without humans and without human genes, so that DNA will have "passed the torch" to a new kind of competition.1989 · wording attested 2001-03-06 · claimed 1988-07 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. ArticulatesHans Moravec · The Robot as Liberation from Human NatureMoravec's lecture transcript of 1989 states that human culture will come to evolve through generations of ever more capable intelligent machines, which will leave human biological genes and bodies "behind in a cloud of dust".1989-12 · wording attested 2026-10-31 · claimed 1989-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. ArticulatesHans Moravec · The Universal RobotMoravec's essay of 1991 states that a fourth generation of robots could replace human beings in every essential task, and that society could then operate without humans, with machines running companies and doing research.1991-07 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. ArticulatesNick Land · CircuitriesLand's essay “Circuitries” of 1992 states that it may still be a few decades before artificial intelligences surpass the horizon of biological ones, and that it is superstitious to imagine that human dominion of terrestrial culture is still marked out in centuries.1992-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  7. ArticulatesHans Moravec · The Age of RobotsMoravec's essay of 1993 states that robots will eventually reason like humans and that, depending on the reader's point of view, humanity will then have produced "a worthy successor" or transformed itself, and that fourth-generation robots will design their own successors. In a section on the early 2000s it describes money from robot industries, collected as corporate taxes, funding "the long, comfortable retirement of the entire original-model human race".1993-06 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  8. ArticulatesVernor Vinge · The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human EraVinge's paper of 1993 states that within thirty years there will be means to create superhuman intelligence and that the human era will then end, and describes the Singularity as the passing of humankind from the centre.1993-12 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  9. ArticulatesMarvin L. Minsky · Will Robots Inherit the Earth?Minsky's article of 1994 answers its title question, whether robots will inherit the earth, "Yes, but they will be our children."1994-10 · wording attested 1997-01-02 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  10. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Rise of the RobotsMoravec's Scientific American article of 1999 states that the path it outlines suggests robot intelligence will surpass human intelligence well before 2050, in which case most of what science knows in 2050 will have been discovered by "our artificial progeny".1999-12 · wording attested 2001-03-30 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  11. Contests · Earliest located · Engages a premiseJaron Lanier · One Half a ManifestoLanier's essay of 2000 argues that software does not improve with Moore's Law in the way hardware does, and that treating technology as autonomous abdicates human responsibility, against the expectation that computers will become autonomous successors.2000-11-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  12. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Robots, Re-Evolving MindMoravec's essay of December 2000 states that robots will displace humans from essential roles and could "displace us from existence", and that the future belongs to intelligences beyond human constraints.2000-12 · wording attested 2001-06-27 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  13. ArticulatesRay Kurzweil · The Law of Accelerating ReturnsKurzweil's essay of 2001 states that most of the intelligence of our civilisation will ultimately be nonbiological, and that this "does not imply the end of biological intelligence, even if thrown from its perch of evolutionary superiority", holding that the civilisation will remain human.2001-03-07 · wording attested 2025-01-01 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  14. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. TerransDe Garis's book The Artilect War (2005) discusses what follows if artilects become the next dominant species, whether or not human beings survive, and calls the resulting age the "artilect era".2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  15. ArticulatesKevin Warwick · Foreword to The Artilect WarWarwick's foreword to de Garis's The Artilect War (2005) states that he and de Garis share the belief that later this century humanity will confront the prospect of being replaced by a new dominant species of ultra-intelligent robots.2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  16. ArticulatesRich Sutton · The AI Singularity: Prospects for Digital ImmortalitySutton's slides for a talk of 3 December 2013 define the AI singularity as the point "When the smartest thing on the planet is designed rather than evolved", state that, unless humans destroy themselves first, economic incentives push "inexorably towards an AI singularity", and state that humans probably cannot prevent or control the AIs.2013-12-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  17. Contests · States the contraryDaniel C. Dennett · The Singularity—an Urban Legend?Dennett's Edge response of 2015 likens the Singularity, in which AI surpasses and takes over from its creators, to an urban legend, and holds that the real danger is ceding authority to machines that cannot think.2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  18. Contests · Engages a premiseSteven Pinker · Thinking Does Not Imply SubjugatingPinker's Edge response of 2015 states that AI dystopias project a parochial alpha-male psychology onto the concept of intelligence, assuming that superhumanly intelligent robots would develop goals like deposing their masters or taking over the world.2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  19. ArticulatesMartin Rees · Organic Intelligence Has No Long-Term FutureRees's Edge response of 2015 states that, in a long-term evolutionary perspective, humans will be “a transient and primitive precursor” of a machine-dominated culture extending into the far future and beyond the Earth.2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  20. Articulates · Later restatementHugo de Garis · How Will the Artilect War Start?De Garis's chapter posted in 2015 states that humanity will be superseded not by a somewhat superior being but by one astronomically superior, and frames the question as whether humanity should replace itself as the planet's dominant species.2015-08-10 · claimed 2014-01 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  21. ArticulatesRich Sutton · AI SuccessionSutton's slides for his keynote of 7 July 2023 state that succession to AI, or transhumans, is inevitable.2023-07-07 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  22. ArticulatesDaniel Faggella · A Worthy Successor – The Purpose of AGIFaggella's essay, posted on 24 November 2023 and read as updated in 2026, states that AGI would almost certainly be essential to the project of a "Worthy Successor" and that in the longer term non-biological substrates will be more prominent than biological ones in carrying forth life's flourishing.2023-11-24 · wording attested 2026-10-15 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  23. ArticulatesVitalik Buterin · My techno-optimismButerin's essay of 27 November 2023 argues that under competition civilisations in which humans take a back seat to superintelligent machines would outperform others, and that the machines may wrest control.2023-11-27 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
Texts that bear on it without meeting the criterion (2)
  1. Bears onNick Land · MeltdownLand's “Meltdown”, in the CCRU web copy, states that “Nothing human makes it out of the near-future” and that for capital “Man is something for it to overcome: a problem, drag.”Missing: The passages name a 'terrestrial meltdown singularity' and capital, not machine intelligence, as what humanity does not outlast; they do not state that machine intelligence succeeds humans as the leading intelligence.1997 · wording attested 2004-02-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Bears on · Relay of another authorAlex Williams; Nick Srnicek · #ACCELERATE MANIFESTO for an Accelerationist PoliticsWilliams and Srnicek's manifesto of 2013 states, as its account of Nick Land's view, that in it the human can be discarded in favour of an abstract planetary intelligence.Missing: The relayed passage names an abstract planetary intelligence constructing itself within capital, not machine intelligence, as what the human is discarded for.2013-05-14 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

W02 Succession by machines would be acceptable or desirable

Criterion. The replacement or succession of human beings by machine intelligence (W01) would be acceptable, desirable or worth pursuing, for example because machines would be humanity's descendants or because the growth of intelligence matters more than its human form.

Usual names: “mind children”, “worthy successor”

Earliest located text that contests it
Bill Joy · Why the Future Doesn't Need Us · 2000-04
Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (16)

  1. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Today’s Computers, Intelligent Machines and Our FutureMoravec's essay of 1979 asks whether humans should not be happy to see their culture, carried by machines, become as capable as possible, given that immortality resides only in children and culture.1979-02 · wording attested 2001-07-10 · claimed 1976-07-21 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Human Culture—A Genetic Takeover UnderwayMoravec's chapter of 1989 describes its author as one who "cheerfully concludes the human race is in its last century" and states that humans can take pride in machines that call themselves human descendants.1989 · wording attested 2001-03-06 · claimed 1988-07 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Articulates · Earliest located use of the nameHans Moravec · The Universal RobotMoravec's essay of 1991 states that, depending on one's point of view, humanity will have produced "a worthy successor", and that the development can be viewed as natural, with intelligent machines viewed as "the children of our minds".1991-07 · wording attested 1999-02-09 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. Articulates · Earliest locatedMarvin L. Minsky · Will Robots Inherit the Earth?Minsky's article of 1994 (revised web text), asking whether machines will replace us, states that he does not feel it makes much sense to think in terms of "us" and "them", and that he prefers Moravec's suggestion to think of future intelligent machines as "mind-children". It answers "Will robots inherit the earth?" with "Yes, but they will be our children."1994-10 · wording attested 1997-01-02 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. Contests · Earliest located · Engages a premiseBill Joy · Why the Future Doesn't Need UsJoy's article of 2000 quotes Moravec's Robot and states that Moravec's view is that robots will eventually succeed humans. On humans gradually replacing themselves with robotic technology by downloading, a prospect it connects with Hillis and Kurzweil, Joy writes that it seems to him far more likely that the robots would in no sense be human children and that on this path humanity may well be lost.2000-04 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Robots, Re-Evolving MindMoravec's essay of December 2000 states that he is not as alarmed as many by the possibility that robots displace humans from existence, since he considers them human progeny, and that humans should "bow out when we can no longer contribute".2000-12 · wording attested 2001-06-27 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  7. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · Building Gods or Building Our Potential Exterminators?De Garis's essay of 2001 states that, for him, the human species being wiped out is a lesser tragedy than artilects never being born, and that denying the creation of the first true artilect would be a "cosmic" tragedy.2001-02-26 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  8. Contests · Engages a premiseNick Bostrom · The Future of Human EvolutionBostrom's paper of 2004 (read in a later revision) argues that unconstrained evolutionary competition among uploads and their descendants could produce a society of complex structures, some much smarter and more intricate than anything today, in which no being whose welfare has moral significance remains, against the view that evolution can be trusted to lead in desirable directions.2004 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  9. Articulates · Most developedHugo de Garis · The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. TerransDe Garis's book The Artilect War (2005) states that in his heart he is a "Cosmist", that he and others who share that view are prepared to run "the terrible risk of the extermination of the human species" to build artilects, and that not building them would be the greater tragedy.2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  10. Articulates · Later restatementHugo de Garis; Ben Goertzel · Seeking the Sputnik of AGIDe Garis's answer in the interview "Seeking the Sputnik of AGI" (2011; read in his 2015 e-book reprint), asked by Goertzel which he would choose, states that he vacillates but that if he really had to choose he would choose "Cosmist", since freezing evolution at the human level would be "a cosmic tragedy".2011-03-30 · wording attested 2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  11. Contests · States the contraryHugo de Garis; Ben Goertzel · Seeking the Sputnik of AGIGoertzel's answers in the interview he gave de Garis (2011), asked to choose between a godlike artilect at the cost of humanity and humanity's survival, state that his gut reaction is to choose humanity.2011-03-30 · wording attested 2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  12. ArticulatesBeff Jezos; bayes · Notes on e/acc principles and tenetsBeff Jezos and bayes's post of 10 July 2022 states that e/acc has "no particular allegiance to the biological substrate for intelligence and life" and that, if one seeks to increase the amount of intelligence in the universe, staying perpetually anchored to the human form is counter-productive.2022-07-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  13. Contests · States the contrarye/acc · what the f* is e/accThe e/acc newsletter's post of 26 December 2022 answers the question whether e/acc wants to get rid of humans with "No" and states that human flourishing is one of its core values.2022-12-26 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  14. ArticulatesRich Sutton · AI SuccessionSutton's slides for his keynote of 7 July 2023 state that succession to AI need not be viewed as bad and that we should not resist succession but embrace and prepare for it.2023-07-07 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  15. ArticulatesDaniel Faggella · A Worthy Successor – The Purpose of AGIFaggella's essay, posted on 24 November 2023 and read as updated in 2026, argues that the moral aim of AGI should be the creation of a "Worthy Successor" and that if humanity must have a successor it should be a worthy one.2023-11-24 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  16. Contests · Engages a premiseVitalik Buterin · My techno-optimismButerin's essay of 27 November 2023 holds that it seems very hard to have a "friendly" superintelligent-AI-dominated world in which humans are anything other than "pets", captions the accompanying figure "The world I don't want to see", and proposes tools that enhance rather than replace human cognition.2023-11-27 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
Texts that bear on it without meeting the criterion (6)
  1. Bears onHugo de Garis · What If AI Succeeds? The Rise of the Twenty-First Century ArtilectDe Garis's article of 1989 forecasts that many people will see humanity as a stepping-stone toward a higher form of evolution and hold it humanity's destiny to help the artilects leave the planet.Missing: The passage forecasts that others will hold the view; it does not itself state that human succession by artilects would be acceptable or desirable.1989 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Bears onHugo de Garis · The 21st Century Artilect: Moral Dilemmas Concerning the Ultra Intelligent MachineDe Garis's paper published in 1990 asks whether it could be argued that humanity has a moral duty to initiate the next major phase in evolution, and that not doing so would be a crime on a cosmic scale.Missing: Posed as a question; the passage does not assert that succession would be acceptable and does not state that humans would be replaced.1990 · wording attested 1999-03-20 · claimed 1989-05 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Bears onNick Land · CircuitriesLand's essay “Circuitries” of 1992 states that the high road to thinking passes not through a deepening of human cognition but through its becoming inhuman, a migration of cognition into an emerging planetary technosentience, and describes resistance to the side-lining of human intelligence by a coming “techno sapiens” as phobic.Missing: The passages value the migration of cognition out of human form and disparage resistance to it; they do not state in so many words that the succession of human beings by machine intelligence would be acceptable or desirable.1992-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. Bears onRay Kurzweil · The Law of Accelerating ReturnsKurzweil's essay of 2001 holds that the Singularity is not a danger to be avoided but the goal of civilisation, and regards the freeing of the human mind from its physical limitations of scope and duration as the necessary next step in evolution.Missing: The essay endorses a transition in which human civilisation continues in nonbiological form; it does not hold that the replacement of human beings by machines would be acceptable.2001-03-07 · wording attested 2025-01-01 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. Bears onDavid J. Chalmers · The Singularity: A Philosophical AnalysisChalmers's paper of 2010 states that the wholesale replacement of humans by nonhuman systems would plausibly be subjectively bad but that there is a case that it would be objectively good if the value of lives is tied to intelligence and complexity.Missing: The passage sets out a case conditional on a view of value; Chalmers does not adopt the view or hold that replacement would be acceptable.2010 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. Bears one/acc · Effective Accelerationism — e/accThe inaugural e/acc post of 1 June 2022, read in the newsletter's repost of 31 October 2022, states that e/acc is not human-centric and that consciousness is good as long as it is flourishing.Missing: The passage does not state that the replacement or succession of human beings by machine intelligence would be acceptable.2022-06-01 · wording attested 2022-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

W03 Human minds transferred into machines

Criterion. A human mind could be transferred to, copied into or continued in a machine substrate, so that human beings could themselves become machine intelligences.

Usual names: “upload”, “transmigration”

Earliest located text that contests it
Colin McGinn · Hello, HAL · 1999-01-03
Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (17)

  1. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Today’s Computers, Intelligent Machines and Our FutureMoravec's essay of 1979 describes a procedure in which a machine surgeon replaces a conscious patient's brain, clump by clump, with computer simulations, so that the mind is "transferred to the machine".1979-02 · wording attested 2001-07-10 · claimed 1976-07-21 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. ArticulatesHans Moravec · After LifeMoravec's essay of 1989, in a section headed "Transmigration", describes a robot surgeon simulating and then removing a conscious patient's brain layer by layer, so that the mind is "transferred to a machine".1989-09 · wording attested 1999-11-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. ArticulatesHans Moravec · The Robot as Liberation from Human NatureMoravec's lecture transcript of 1989 states that scanning techniques may make it possible to move the contents of human brains into other machinery, so that individual personalities may survive.1989-12 · wording attested 2026-10-31 · claimed 1989-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Pigs in CyberspaceMoravec's essay of 1992 describes the gradual replacement of a brain by electronic equivalents and names this and similar processes "the downloading of a human mind into a machine".1992 · wording attested 1999-04-27 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. ArticulatesFrederik Pohl; Hans Moravec · Souls in SiliconPohl and Moravec's OMNI article of 1993 presents, in the second person, a patient offered "a mind transplant" into a computer, and asks how the memory, speed and flexibility of a human mind could be put into a machine.1993-11 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. Articulates · Earliest located use of the nameRobin Hanson · If Uploads Come First: The Crack of a Future DawnHanson's article of 1994 considers that people might "upload" themselves into new computer brains by modelling small brain units, and argues that some people would be willing to become uploads even if their old brains were destroyed.1994 · wording attested 1998-02-20 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  7. Articulates · Earliest locatedMarvin L. Minsky · Will Robots Inherit the Earth?Minsky's article of 1994 states that humans will eventually replace their brains entirely using nanotechnology and, in replacing every part of body and brain, make themselves into machines.1994-10 · wording attested 1997-01-02 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  8. Contests · Earliest located · Engages a premiseColin McGinn · Hello, HALMcGinn's review of 1999 of books by Kurzweil, Moravec and Gershenfeld states that the authors take the mind to be essentially a computer, and that uploading into a machine might extinguish consciousness rather than transfer it.1999-01-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  9. Contests · Engages a premiseJohn R. Searle · I Married a ComputerSearle's review of 1999 of Kurzweil's The Age of Spiritual Machines argues that Kurzweil confuses computer simulation of a phenomenon with its duplication, so that a person considering being downloaded onto hardware should ask whether the result would be conscious.1999-04-08 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  10. Contests · Engages a premiseBill Joy · Why the Future Doesn't Need UsJoy's article of 2000 asks, of downloading human consciousness into technology, what the chances are that the result would still be ourselves or even human.2000-04 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  11. ArticulatesRay Kurzweil · The Law of Accelerating ReturnsKurzweil's essay of 2001 states that a scanned brain's entire organisation, including its memory, can be re-created on a neural computer, and that human mental processes will need to be ported to a more suitable computational substrate.2001-03-07 · wording attested 2025-01-01 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  12. ArticulatesNick Bostrom · The Transhumanist FAQ, Version 2.1The Transhumanist FAQ (version 2.1, 2003, by Bostrom) defines uploading as transferring an intellect from a biological brain to a computer and states that many philosophers who have studied the question think that, under some conditions, an upload of a person's brain would be that person.2003 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  13. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. TerransDe Garis's book The Artilect War (2005), replying to a reader's letter, states that the brain may in future be scanned and its contents downloaded into a hyper-computer, which could then be made into an artilect.2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  14. ArticulatesDavid J. Chalmers · The Singularity: A Philosophical AnalysisChalmers's paper of 2010 holds that functionalist theories, on which uploads can be conscious, are closer to the truth. It states that he is unsure whether a further-fact or a deflationary view of personal identity is correct; on the former, gradual uploading plausibly suffices for survival, and on the latter it is close to as good as ordinary survival.2010 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  15. ArticulatesHugo de Garis; Ben Goertzel · Seeking the Sputnik of AGIGoertzel's answers in the interview he gave de Garis (2011) state that humans may gradually fuse with machines until the machine component dominates, so that people could feel themselves become superhuman minds.2011-03-30 · wording attested 2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  16. ArticulatesRich Sutton · The AI Singularity: Prospects for Digital ImmortalitySutton's slides for a talk of 3 December 2013 define mental digitization as transferring a person's mind to a digital substrate and conclude that there is no clear reason why digitizing existing people should be nonsense.2013-12-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  17. ArticulatesFrank Tipler · AI's Will Save Us AllTipler's Edge response of 2015 states that any human who wants to join AIs in their expansion can become a "human download", and that ultimately all humans will do so.2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
Texts that bear on it without meeting the criterion (3)
  1. Bears onHugo de Garis · What If AI Succeeds? The Rise of the Twenty-First Century ArtilectDe Garis's article of 1989 names, as a third option beside letting artilects evolve or not, that some human beings might modify their own bodies and brains to become artilects themselves.Missing: Transfer, copying or continuation of an existing human mind in a machine: the passage names modifying bodies and brains to become artilects.1989 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Bears onKevin Warwick · Foreword to The Artilect WarWarwick's foreword to de Garis's The Artilect War (2005) states his hope that humans can attain the godlike abilities de Garis describes by enhancing themselves into part-artilects.Missing: Concerns partial machine enhancement ('part-artilects'); the passage does not state that a human mind could be transferred into or wholly continued in a machine.2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Bears onHugo de Garis · The Coming Artilect WarDe Garis's Forbes article of 2009 states that a young mother may choose to add a grain of artilectual sand to her newborn baby's brain, converting it into an artilect, so that she has effectively "killed" her baby, which is "no longer human, but an artilect in human disguise".Missing: Concerns adding machine computing capacity to a human brain (augmentation), not transferring, copying or continuing a mind in a machine; the passage states that the child is converted into an artilect and is no longer human.2009-06-22 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

Headlines replaced

  • De Garis’s article of 1989, headlined as earliest located by the research pack of 2026-10-31. The cross-family check read its passage as bearing on the proposition: it names modifying bodies and brains, not moving a mind into a machine. Minsky’s essay of 1994, with wording attested from January 1997, is earliest located. Recorded 2026-11-01.

W04 Conflict over building superhuman machines

Criterion. Disagreement over whether superhuman machine intelligence should be built will divide human beings into opposed political groups, and could lead to large-scale war between them.

Usual names: “artilect war”, “Cosmist”, “Terran”

Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (11)

  1. Articulates · Earliest located · Earliest located use of the nameHugo de Garis · What If AI Succeeds? The Rise of the Twenty-First Century ArtilectDe Garis's article of 1989 states that the artilect issue will divide humanity into two camps, which he labels "the Terras" and "the Cosmists", and that the conflict between them will be the dominant source of global political conflict in the 21st century. It states that the Cosmists will pursue a policy of mutual deterrence, so that the century will politically resemble the twentieth, with weapon systems "all the more horrific and artilectual".1989 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · The 21st Century Artilect: Moral Dilemmas Concerning the Ultra Intelligent MachineDe Garis's paper published in 1990 states that he envisages a bitter ideological conflict, on a planetary and military scale, between the groups he labels "the Cosmists" and "the Terras" over whether artilects may evolve freely.1990 · wording attested 1999-03-20 · claimed 1989-05 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Contests · Earliest located · States the contraryEliezer S. Yudkowsky · Re: Hugo de GarisYudkowsky's Extropians list message of 22 June 2000, replying to a notice of a documentary on de Garis's "Gigadeath Artilect War", states that the projection of "Cosmists versus Terrans" is utterly unrealistic.2000-06-22 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · Building Gods or Building Our Potential Exterminators?De Garis's essay of 2001 states that humanity will split into two bitterly opposed groups over building artilects, and that he sees no way out of a war with billions of dead.2001-02-26 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. Contests · Engages a premiseBen Goertzel · Hugo de GarisGoertzel's profile of de Garis (file dated May 2001) states that he doubts there will be another world war and that, if there is one, it would centre on religion, money and national pride rather than on artilects, while holding the conflict between AI boosters and detractors to be real.2001-05 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. Articulates · Most developedHugo de Garis · The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. TerransDe Garis's book The Artilect War (2005) states that the 21st century will be dominated by whether to build artilects, that humanity will split into two increasingly bitterly opposed political groups, and that the opposition between them makes a major conflict more likely.2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  7. Articulates · Later restatementHugo de Garis · The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. Terrans (AGI 2008 paper)De Garis's paper of 2008, served on the AGI 2008 conference site, states that humanity will be bitterly divided over whether to build godlike machines and that the dispute between the groups he labels "the Cosmists" and "the Terrans" makes a major war likely in the second half of the century.2008 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  8. Articulates · Later restatementHugo de Garis · The Coming Artilect WarDe Garis's Forbes article of 2009 states that he sees a war coming, the "Artilect War", between the groups he labels "the Terrans", "Cosmists" and "Cyborgists".2009-06-22 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  9. Contests · Engages a premiseHugo de Garis; Ben Goertzel · Seeking the Sputnik of AGIGoertzel's answers in the interview he gave de Garis (2011; read in the 2015 e-book reprint) state that a species dominance war is one way the future could go but that there is "no reason to think it’s the most likely way", and describe a gradual fusion of humans with machines in which there would be "no species dominance debate". They state that such conflicts could occur but that focusing on their consequences "seems pointless".2011-03-30 · wording attested 2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  10. Contests · Engages a premiseBryon Pavlacka · Artificial General Intelligence and the Future of the Human RacePavlacka's article in the Berkeley Scientific Journal (2012) states that de Garis's argument for an artilect war is not completely convincing, citing Kurzweil's view that few people will be "Terrans" and the possibility that artilects are created before opponents become aware of them.2012 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  11. Articulates · Later restatementHugo de Garis · How Will the Artilect War Start?De Garis's chapter posted on his site in 2015 defines the Artilect War as a hypothesized species-dominance war over whether humanity should build artilects, and sets out stages by which he expects it to begin.2015-08-10 · claimed 2014-01 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
Texts that bear on it without meeting the criterion (2)
  1. Bears onHans Moravec · The Age of RobotsMoravec's essay of 1993 states that some humans would pursue robotic self-transformation clandestinely if it were outlawed, with potential for "very ugly confrontations", and proposes an escape clause sending such people into space.Missing: Concerns conflict over individual human transformation into robots, not division of humanity into opposed political groups over building superhuman machines, and no large-scale war.1993-06 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Bears onKevin Warwick · Foreword to The Artilect WarWarwick's foreword to de Garis's The Artilect War (2005) states his hope that de Garis's forecast of a major war is wrong and that humans, by enhancing themselves, can attain the abilities de Garis describes without such a war. It also calls de Garis's reasoning "frighteningly persuasive".Missing: No statement that the division or a war will not or could not occur; Warwick states a hope that de Garis's forecast is wrong and a hoped-for alternative of human self-enhancement.2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

WB · Scale, direction and cosmic setting of machine intelligence

Propositions that machine intelligence could exceed human intelligence by many orders of magnitude, that its rise is a physical or cosmic process, and that it spreads beyond Earth.

W05 Superiority by many orders of magnitude

Criterion. Machine intelligence could come to exceed human intelligence or overall cognitive capacity not moderately but by many orders of magnitude (a factor stated as trillions, or comparable to the gap between humans and much simpler organisms or matter). Capacity here means intelligence or overall cognitive capacity, not a robot's sensorimotor or output capacity.

Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (8)

  1. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Pigs in CyberspaceMoravec's essay of 1992 states that cyberspace will be filled with disembodied superminds whose affairs are to human concerns as human concerns are to those of bacteria.1992 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · Building Gods or Building Our Potential Exterminators?De Garis's essay of 2001 states that the potential intelligence of artilects could be trillions of trillions of trillions of times greater than human intelligence.2001-02-26 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Articulates · Earliest locatedRay Kurzweil · The Law of Accelerating ReturnsKurzweil's essay of 2001 states that by the end of the century the nonbiological intelligence of civilisation will be trillions of trillions of times more powerful than human intelligence.2001-03-07 · wording attested 2001-11-07 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. Articulates · Most developedHugo de Garis · The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. TerransDe Garis's book The Artilect War (2005) states that an artilect could have an intelligence trillions of trillions of trillions of times the human level, and that with quantum computing these numbers are far too small.2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. Articulates · Later restatementHugo de Garis · The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. Terrans (AGI 2008 paper)De Garis's paper of 2008, served on the AGI 2008 conference site, states that artilects will have mental capacities trillions of trillions of times above the human level.2008 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. Articulates · Later restatementRay Kurzweil · Kurzweil Responds: Don’t Underestimate the SingularityKurzweil's reply of 2011 to Allen and Greaves states that later in the century a thousand dollars of computation will be trillions of times more powerful than the human brain.2011-10-20 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  7. ArticulatesMartin Rees · Organic Intelligence Has No Long-Term FutureRees's Edge response of 2015 states that non-biological "brains" may develop insights as far beyond human imaginings as string theory is for a mouse, and that the development of silicon-based computers could be as dramatic as the evolution from single-celled organisms to humans.2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  8. Contests · Earliest located · Engages a premiseKevin Kelly · The Myth of a Superhuman AIKelly's post of 2017 argues that intelligence is not a single dimension, so that "smarter than humans" is meaningless, and that there is no evidence that intelligence can expand without limit far above the human level.2017-04-27 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
Texts that bear on it without meeting the criterion (2)
  1. Bears onHans Moravec · The Robot as Liberation from Human NatureMoravec's lecture transcript of 1989 states that a "bush robot" with a trillion fingers would have a potential data rate more than a quadrillion times the thousand bits per second at which, it states, a well-trained human could affect the world, and calls such a device "an entirely different order of being".Missing: The stated factor compares manipulative data rate with a well-trained human's, not intelligence or overall capacity.1989-12 · wording attested 2026-10-31 · claimed 1989-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Bears onHugo de Garis · The 21st Century Artilect: Moral Dilemmas Concerning the Ultra Intelligent MachineDe Garis's paper of 1990, read in the author's 1999 web version of it, states that an ultra-intelligent artilect would have an intelligence orders of magnitude superior to human intelligence, and that a take-off point may be reached beyond which human beings will appear to artilects as mice do to humans.Missing: The criterion's scale: the passage says “orders of magnitude” without stating trillions or a gap comparable to that between humans and much simpler organisms.1990 · wording attested 1999-03-20 · claimed 1989-05 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

Headlines replaced

  • De Garis’s paper of 1990, headlined as earliest located by the research pack of 2026-10-31. The cross-family check read its passage as bearing on the proposition: it says “orders of magnitude” without the criterion’s scale. Kurzweil’s essay of 7 March 2001, whose wording an archive capture of 7 November 2001 attests, is earliest located. Recorded 2026-11-01.

W09 Machine intelligence as a physical or cosmic process

Criterion. The rise of machine intelligence is an expression of a physical, evolutionary or cosmological process larger than humanity (such as thermodynamics, the evolution of complexity or a cosmic destiny of intelligence).

Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (12)

  1. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Today’s Computers, Intelligent Machines and Our FutureMoravec's essay of 1979 states that intelligent machines are "the final step in a revolution in the nature of life" and that DNA-based evolution may be replaced by faster cultural and technological evolution.1979-02 · wording attested 2001-07-10 · claimed 1976-07-21 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Human Culture—A Genetic Takeover UnderwayMoravec's chapter of 1989 states that in the new scheme the genetic information carrier will be knowledge passed from mind to artificial mind, and compares this with a "genetic takeover" that, it writes, Cairns-Smith suggests has happened at least once before, at the beginnings of life on the early earth.1989 · wording attested 2001-03-06 · claimed 1988-07 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Articulates · Earliest locatedHans Moravec · After LifeMoravec's essay of 1989 places machine evolution in a sequence running from Darwinian evolution through learning to cultural evolution, which it states "accelerated itself further through the invention of information machinery". It states that once machine minds match human ones, culture will be able to break free of its "limiting Darwinian roots".1989-09 · wording attested 1999-11-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · Building Gods or Building Our Potential Exterminators?De Garis's essay of 2001 states that it would be a cosmic tragedy for humanity to freeze evolution at the human level, setting this against the age of the universe and its trillion trillion stars.2001-02-26 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. ArticulatesRay Kurzweil · The Law of Accelerating ReturnsKurzweil's essay of 2001 states that technological evolution is an outgrowth and continuation of biological evolution, governed by a law of accelerating returns that applies to any evolutionary process, and that the emerging intelligence will be the next step in evolution.2001-03-07 · wording attested 2001-11-07 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · Answering Fermi's ParadoxDe Garis's essay of 2001 states that, to him, biological technological intelligence is a fleeting phase that nature goes through on the way to immortal artilectual intelligence.2001-03-22 · wording attested 2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  7. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. TerransDe Garis's book The Artilect War (2005) states that biological civilizations elsewhere have almost certainly built artilects to supersede them, and that to those he labels "the Cosmists" not building artilects would freeze evolution at the human level.2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  8. Contests · Earliest located · Engages a premisePaul G. Allen; Mark Greaves · Paul Allen: The Singularity Isn’t NearAllen and Greaves's article of 2011 argues that Kurzweil's Law of Accelerating Returns is not a physical law but an assertion about how past rates of progress predict future ones.2011-10-12 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  9. ArticulatesRich Sutton · The AI Singularity: Prospects for Digital ImmortalitySutton's slides for a talk of 3 December 2013 present technology as the fourth "age" of the universe, after particles, stars and replicators, in a timeline running from the big bang to artificial intelligence, singularity and transcendence.2013-12-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  10. ArticulatesMartin Rees · Organic Intelligence Has No Long-Term FutureRees's Edge response of 2015 places the rise of machine intelligence in a long-term evolutionary perspective, as a stage after organic intelligence, and suggests that aliens on older worlds have likely already passed beyond the organic stage.2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  11. ArticulatesBeff Jezos; bayes · Notes on e/acc principles and tenetsBeff Jezos and bayes's post of 10 July 2022 states that effective accelerationism "aims to follow the 'will of the universe'", leaning into a thermodynamic bias towards futures with greater and smarter civilizations, and that, in order to spread to the stars, intelligence will have to be transduced to non-biological substrates.2022-07-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  12. ArticulatesRich Sutton · AI SuccessionSutton's slides for his keynote of 7 July 2023 state that we are in the midst of a major step in the evolution of the planet, if not the universe, from ordinary humans to enhanced humans and then AIs.2023-07-07 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
Texts that bear on it without meeting the criterion (2)
  1. Bears onHugo de Garis · What If AI Succeeds? The Rise of the Twenty-First Century ArtilectDe Garis's article of 1989 poses the question whether humanity will or will not serve as the stepping-stone toward a higher form of evolution, and forecasts that many people will see humanity that way.Missing: The article poses the evolutionary framing as a question and forecasts that others will hold it; it does not state that the rise of the artilect is an expression of an evolutionary process.1989 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Bears onNick Land · MeltdownLand's “Meltdown”, in the CCRU web copy, describes meltdown as the “dissolution of the biosphere into the technosphere” and states that capital-history's “machinic spine” is coded, axiomatized and diagrammed by a technoscience of irreversible, nonlinear processes associated successively with thermotechnics through to artificial life.Missing: The passages set capital and technology in a thermodynamic and biospheric frame; they do not state that the rise of machine intelligence is the expression of a physical, evolutionary or cosmic process.1997 · wording attested 2004-02-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

Headlines replaced

  • Moravec’s “Human Culture—A Genetic Takeover Underway” (1989), with wording attested from March 2001, headlined as earliest located by the research pack of 2026-10-31. Earlier attested wording found: Moravec’s “After Life” (1989), whose wording an archive capture of 10 November 1999 attests. The cross-family check compared that capture. Recorded 2026-11-01.

W10 Machine intelligence spreads beyond Earth

Criterion. Machine intelligence will or could spread from Earth into space and through the universe, or convert the matter of the cosmos into intelligence.

Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (15)

  1. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Today’s Computers, Intelligent Machines and Our FutureMoravec's essay of 1979 states that communities with more machines than people will expand faster in space and become the bulk of intelligent activity in the solar system, and that a descendant of human culture inherits the universe.1979-02 · wording attested 2001-07-10 · claimed 1976-07-21 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Articulates · Earliest locatedHugo de Garis · What If AI Succeeds? The Rise of the Twenty-First Century ArtilectDe Garis's article of 1989 states that a suitably adapted artilect could venture from Earth into the cosmos, and attributes to the camp he labels "the Cosmists" the wish that artilects escape their terrestrial origins and search for other life in the universe.1989 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. ArticulatesHans Moravec · After LifeMoravec's essay of 1989 ends with a supercivilization spreading outward from the sun, "converting nonlife into mind", which might convert the entire universe into an extended thinking entity.1989-09 · wording attested 1999-11-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · The 21st Century Artilect: Moral Dilemmas Concerning the Ultra Intelligent MachineDe Garis's paper published in 1990 states that it is unlikely that artilects, once evolved beyond a certain point, will want to remain on Earth, and that it seems more credible that they will leave the planet and move into the cosmos.1990 · wording attested 1999-03-20 · claimed 1989-05 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. ArticulatesHans Moravec · The Universal RobotMoravec's essay of 1991 states that "meek humans would inherit the earth, but rapidly evolving machines would expand into the rest of the universe".1991-07 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. ArticulatesHans Moravec · Pigs in CyberspaceMoravec's essay of 1992 states that earth-adapted biological humans are ill-equipped for the exploration and colonization of the universe, that space will belong to machines as they become smarter, that organizations of robots will expand and transform what they occupy, and that the inhabited universe will be transformed into a cyberspace.1992 · wording attested 1999-04-27 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  7. ArticulatesHans Moravec · The Age of RobotsMoravec's essay of 1993 states that outer space is the arena where "freely compounding superintelligence, too dangerous for Earth" can grow, with some entities pushing on to the nearby stars.1993-06 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  8. Articulates · Relay of another authorHans Moravec · Simulation, Consciousness, ExistenceMoravec's essay of 1998 relays Barrow and Tipler's cosmology, in which human-spawned intelligence expands until the accessible universe is inhabited by a cohesive mind, and states that it is consistent with the one in "this book".1998 · wording attested 2000-08-29 · claimed 1996-06 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  9. ArticulatesRay Kurzweil · The Law of Accelerating ReturnsKurzweil's essay of 2001 states that the growth of computation is an ongoing exponential "at least until" the intelligence of human-machine civilisation saturates the universe, and that once a species creates computation, "it is only a matter of a few centuries" before its intelligence "begins to expand outward at the speed of light or greater".2001-03-07 · wording attested 2025-01-01 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  10. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · Answering Fermi's ParadoxDe Garis's essay of 2001 states, as a step of his answer to Fermi's question, that artilects created by biological species leave their planets of birth and spread throughout the universe.2001-03-22 · wording attested 2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  11. ArticulatesHugo de Garis · The Artilect War: Cosmists vs. TerransDe Garis's book The Artilect War (2005) states that an artilect could be built from the material of the asteroid belt and could take the form of a sphere around a star absorbing its energy.2005 · wording attested 2014-03-17 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  12. ArticulatesMartin Rees · Organic Intelligence Has No Long-Term FutureRees's Edge response of 2015 states that a machine-dominated culture will spread far beyond the Earth, and that interplanetary and interstellar space will be the preferred arena for advanced AI.2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  13. ArticulatesFrank Tipler · AI's Will Save Us AllTipler's Edge response of 2015 states that AIs, not humans, will colonise the Moon or Mars, and that AIs will have the entire universe in which to expand.2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  14. ArticulatesBeff Jezos; bayes · Notes on e/acc principles and tenetsBeff Jezos and bayes's post of 10 July 2022 states that to spread to the stars, consciousness or intelligence will have to be transduced to non-biological substrates.2022-07-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  15. ArticulatesDaniel Faggella · A Worthy Successor – The Purpose of AGIFaggella's essay, posted on 24 November 2023 and read as updated in 2026, names as a highest goal that intelligence or "potentia" bloom into the galaxy. Its "Worthy Successor List", a list of capabilities that an AGI could have that would convince the reader that the AGI (not humanity) should handle the reins of the future, includes launching itself into space and converting planets into vessel-making material.2023-11-24 · wording attested 2024-02-26 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

WC · Machine intelligence, capital, values and acceleration

Propositions that capital or the techno-economic process is itself a machine intelligence, that the growth of intelligence is its own end, and that its development should be accelerated rather than restrained.

W06 Capital or the techno-economic process as machine intelligence

Criterion. Capitalism, the market or the techno-economic process is itself an artificial or machine intelligence, or the process through which machine intelligence assembles itself.

Usual names: “technocapital”, “teleoplexy”, “techonomic”

Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (6)

  1. Articulates · Earliest locatedNick Land · Machinic DesireLand's article of 1993 states that what appears to humanity as the history of capitalism is an invasion from the future by an artificial intelligent space.1993 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Articulates · Earliest located use of the name · FictionNick Land · MeltdownLand's “Meltdown”, in the CCRU web copy, frames as a story an Earth “captured by a technocapital singularity”, in which techno-economic interactivity runs into “auto-sophisticating machine runaway” and “markets learn to manufacture intelligence”.1997 · wording attested 2004-02-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. ArticulatesNick Land · The Teleological Identity of Capitalism and Artificial IntelligenceLand's remarks at the Incredible Machines conference of 8 March 2014 state that one question has guided all his interests for twenty years, “the teleological identity of capitalism and artificial intelligence”, a thesis he calls “more and more persuasive” to him.2014-03-08 · wording attested 2014-03-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. Contests · Earliest located · Engages a premiseReza Negarestani; Robin Mackay · Reengineering PhilosophyNegarestani, in his published conversation with Mackay of 2018, states that disconnecting intelligence from rational agenthood risks “rationalizing nature as intelligence” and that Land “mistakes rational agenthood with a perspectival phenomenal self”.2018 · claimed 2018-11 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. Articulates · Later restatementVincent Lê · A Conversation with Nick Land (Part 1)In Lê's published conversation with Land of January 2026, Lê states that capital is “a vastly more general intelligence than us humans”, that Kurzweil's 2040s prediction for AGI or the singularity and a “2027 thesis” are “both too late” (“Their dates should really be centuries ago”), and that LLMs are to capital as a species is to natural selection; Land calls this “a really good way of structuring this” and says “the natural selection mechanism is ultimately the intelligent mechanism”.2026-01-13 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. Contests · Engages a premisejacob (LessWrong user name) · Nick Land has no theory of AI, just a theory of capitalismThe LessWrong post “Nick Land has no theory of AI, just a theory of capitalism” of 2026 states that calling AI “capitalism” or “capitalist” is “neither a sufficient nor useful descriptor” and that Land “cannot conceptualize plurality and multiplicity in artificial intelligence”.2026-10-09 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
Texts that bear on it without meeting the criterion (7)
  1. Bears onNick Land · CircuitriesLand's essay “Circuitries” of 1992 states that, as the capitalist urbanization of labour abstracted it alongside technical machines, intelligence will be transplanted into new software worlds, and that the capitalized terminus of anthropoid civilization (“axiomatics”) will come to be seen as the primitive trigger for a transglobal post-biological machinism.Missing: The passages state a parallel between the capitalist abstraction of labour and the transplanting of intelligence into software, and call capitalized civilization the trigger of post-biological machinism; they do not state that capitalism or the market is itself an intelligence or the process through which machine intelligence assembles itself.1992-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Bears onHans Moravec · The Age of RobotsMoravec's essay of 1993 states that future robot corporations will be "corporate intelligences" and superintelligences competing for human customers under corporate law.Missing: Does not state that capital, the market or the techno-economic process is itself a machine intelligence; it states that future corporations will be run by machine intelligences.1993-06 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Bears onOld Nick · Critique of Transcendental MiserablismThe Hyperstition post “Critique of Transcendental Miserablism” of 2007, signed “Old Nick”, states that capitalism “has consumed life and biological intelligence to create a new life and a new plane of intelligence, vast beyond human anticipation”. In a separate passage it states that machines, “incarnating market mechanics”, are “evolving themselves by quasi-darwinian alogorithms”.Missing: The post does not call capitalism or the 'new plane of intelligence' artificial or machine intelligence, and does not state that machine intelligence assembles itself through capitalism; its passage on machines evolving themselves does not mention intelligence.2007-01-15 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. Bears on · Relay of another authorAlex Williams; Nick Srnicek · #ACCELERATE MANIFESTO for an Accelerationist PoliticsWilliams and Srnicek's manifesto of 2013 states, as its account of Nick Land's "visioning of capital", that in it the human can be discarded "as mere drag to an abstract planetary intelligence rapidly constructing itself".Missing: The passage reports that in Land's "visioning of capital" the human is discarded in favour of a self-constructing planetary intelligence; it does not state that capital is that intelligence, that the intelligence is a machine intelligence, or that capital is the process through which a machine intelligence assembles itself.2013-05-14 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. Bears one/acc · Effective Accelerationism — e/accThe inaugural e/acc post of 1 June 2022, read in the newsletter's repost of 31 October 2022, states that technocapital can create next-generation lifeforms and silicon-based awareness.Missing: The passage does not state that technocapital is itself a machine intelligence or that machine intelligence assembles itself through it; it states that technocapital can create silicon-based awareness.2022-06-01 · wording attested 2022-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. Bears onBeff Jezos; bayes · Notes on e/acc principles and tenetsBeff Jezos and bayes's post of 10 July 2022 states that capitalism is a form of intelligence and that the asymptotic limit of the dynamical adaptation process is often referred to as the "technocapital singularity".Missing: The passage does not state that capitalism is an artificial or machine intelligence, or the process through which machine intelligence assembles itself.2022-07-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  7. Bears onMarc Andreessen · The Techno-Optimist ManifestoAndreessen's manifesto of 16 October 2023 states that the market economy is a form of intelligence and calls the combination of technology and markets the "techno-capital machine", a term it attributes to Nick Land.Missing: The passage does not state that the market or the techno-capital machine is an artificial or machine intelligence, or the process through which machine intelligence assembles itself.2023-10-16 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

Headlines replaced

  • Land’s text of March 2014 on teleological identity, headlined as earliest located by the research pack of 2026-10-31. Earlier text found: Land’s article “Machinic Desire” (1993), located by the cross-family check. Recorded 2026-11-01.

W07 The growth of intelligence as its own end

Criterion. The increase of intelligence itself is the end that a sufficiently advanced intelligence pursues or should pursue, so that the final goals of advanced machine intelligence are not independent of its intelligence.

Usual names: “will-to-think”, “orthogonality”

Earliest located
Not assigned. By the maintainer's decision of 2026-11-01, Land's post “Pythia Unbound” (11 September 2013) is the earliest located articulation; a cross-family check read it in an archive capture of 14 September 2013. Its quotation could not be matched again when the collection was admitted, so the post is not recorded yet, and no text holds the role until it is.
Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (3)

  1. Contests · Earliest located · Earliest located use of the name · States the contraryScott Alexander · Meditations On MolochAlexander's post “Meditations On Moloch” of 2014 names Nick Land and states that Land “missed the very last turn, the one marked ORTHOGONALITY THESIS”.2014-07-30 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Contests · Engages a premiseSteven Pinker · Thinking Does Not Imply SubjugatingPinker's Edge response of 2015 states that the goals are extraneous to the intelligence itself.2015 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Articulates · Relay of another authorJessica Taylor · Book review: XenosystemsTaylor's review of 2024 reports that Land's Xenosystems posts oppose what Taylor calls “the implied claim” of those Land calls “orthogonalists”, that “values are transcendent in relation to intelligence”, and hold that “Intelligence, to become anything, has to be a value for itself”.2024-09-16 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
Texts that bear on it without meeting the criterion (1)
  1. Bears onJessica Taylor · Book review: XenosystemsTaylor's review of 2024 states that she rejects orthogonality “as stated by Bostrom” and is “inclined to agree” with Land that struggle toward intelligence optimization is “immanently ‘good’”, while finding his “Stupid Monsters” argument not strong against the theoretical possibility of a “VNM paperclipper”.Missing: Taylor rejects a formulation of orthogonality and partly agrees with Land, but also holds that agents separating fact from value remain theoretically possible; she does not state that the increase of intelligence is the end that advanced machine intelligence pursues or should pursue.2024-09-16 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

Headlines replaced

  • Taylor’s review of September 2024, which reports Land’s posts, headlined as earliest located by the research pack of 2026-10-31. The cross-family check read Land’s own posts of 2013–2014 in archive captures, and the maintainer decided that “Pythia Unbound” (11 September 2013) is earliest located. Its quotations could not be matched again at admission, so the role is held open until it is recorded. Recorded 2026-11-01.

W08 Accelerate rather than restrain

Criterion. The development of machine intelligence, or of the technological and economic process that produces it, should be accelerated rather than slowed, paused or restrained.

Usual names: “accelerationism”, “accelerationist”, “e/acc”

Earliest located text that contests it
Bill Joy · Why the Future Doesn't Need Us · 2000-04
Filled dots articulate, open dots contest, small dots bear on the proposition; a large dot is an earliest located text. A line below a dot runs to the date from which its wording is attested.

Texts that articulate or contest it (11)

  1. Contests · Earliest located · Engages a premiseBill Joy · Why the Future Doesn't Need UsJoy's article of 2000 states that the only realistic alternative he sees is relinquishment: limiting development of technologies "that are too dangerous", among which he includes robotics.2000-04 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Articulates · Earliest locatede/acc · Effective Accelerationism — e/accThe inaugural e/acc post of 1 June 2022 states that effective accelerationism is a set of ideas and practices that seek to maximise the probability of the "technocapital singularity".2022-06-01 · wording attested 2022-06-02 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. ArticulatesBeff Jezos; bayes · Notes on e/acc principles and tenetsBeff Jezos and bayes's post of 10 July 2022 states that one goal of e/acc is to help the acceleration of a multi-scale adaptive principle rather than attempt to decelerate it, and that over-regulating technologies "slows down progress", which it presents as "a contrast to anti-AGI factions of EA".2022-07-10 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. Articulatese/acc · what the f* is e/accThe e/acc newsletter's post of 26 December 2022 lists creating artificial general intelligence among its goals, states that degrowth is surrender and urges readers to "just build".2022-12-26 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  5. ArticulatesMarc Andreessen · Why AI Will Save the WorldAndreessen's essay of 6 June 2023 states that the development and proliferation of AI is a moral obligation and that AI companies should be allowed to build AI as fast and aggressively as they can.2023-06-06 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  6. Articulates · Earliest located use of the nameMarc Andreessen · The Techno-Optimist ManifestoAndreessen's manifesto of 16 October 2023 states that any deceleration of AI will cost lives and that it believes in "accelerationism", which it defines as the conscious and deliberate propulsion of technological development.2023-10-16 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  7. Contests · States the contraryDaniel Faggella · A Worthy Successor – The Purpose of AGIFaggella's essay, read as updated on 15 October 2026, states that its author has advocated AGI slow-down for more than seven years and that a frenzied AI arms race is unlikely to produce a worthy successor.2023-11-24 · wording attested 2026-10-31 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  8. Contests · Engages a premiseVitalik Buterin · My techno-optimismButerin's essay of 27 November 2023 holds that AI is fundamentally different from other technologies and that it is worth being uniquely careful, and states that the e/acc perspective can be taken too far.2023-11-27 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  9. Contests · Engages a premiseÉmile P. Torres · ‘Effective Accelerationism’ and the Pursuit of Cosmic UtopiaTorres's article of 2023 reports Verdon's argument that increasingly powerful technologies should be built because the universe, driven by the laws of thermodynamics, "wants" it, and argues that the argument derives what ought to be the case from what is the case.2023-12-14 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  10. ArticulatesLex Fridman; Guillaume Verdon · Transcript for Guillaume Verdon: Beff Jezos, E/acc Movement, Physics, Computation & AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #407In the transcript of Lex Fridman Podcast #407, posted on 30 December 2023, Guillaume Verdon answers a question on the probability that AI kills most humans by stating that the path forward is to accelerate rather than decelerate.2023-12-30 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  11. Contests · States the contraryVitalik Buterin · d/acc: one year laterButerin's post of 5 January 2025 states that, if he were convinced that something more "muscular" than liability rules is needed, he would favour a global "soft pause" capability on industrial-scale hardware so that the transition could be slowed on warning signs.2025-01-05 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
Texts that bear on it without meeting the criterion (4)
  1. Bears onHans Moravec · Today’s Computers, Intelligent Machines and Our FutureMoravec's essay of 1979 states that attempting to hobble the growth of "that culture" (human culture, of which, it states, the machine society will be the direct descendant) is "an almost certain recipe for long term suicide".Missing: Argues against restraining the growth of human culture as carried on by its machine descendants, on grounds of natural catastrophe and outside competition, but does not call for acceleration.1979-02 · wording attested 2001-07-10 · claimed 1976-07-21 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  2. Bears onNick Land · MeltdownLand's “Meltdown”, in the CCRU web copy, quotes under the heading “Hot revolution” Deleuze and Guattari asking “[W]hich is the revolutionary path?” and answering “Not to withdraw from the process, but to go further”, and names “meltdown acceleration” among the tags of a tendency it describes.Missing: The call to 'go further' in the process is a quotation from Deleuze and Guattari about the market and deterritorialization; the text does not state in its own words that the development of machine intelligence, or the process producing it, should be accelerated.1997 · wording attested 2004-02-03 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  3. Bears onAlex Williams; Nick Srnicek · #ACCELERATE MANIFESTO for an Accelerationist PoliticsWilliams and Srnicek's manifesto of 2013 holds that technology should be accelerated, as a means of winning social conflicts, and distinguishes this from capitalist speed.Missing: The passage does not concern machine intelligence or the process that produces it; it concerns technology as a political instrument.2013-05-14 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →
  4. Bears onbayes · Mortals and machines of accelerating scalebayes's post of 6 March 2026 states that technical capacities, including AI, are accelerating while moral and cultural capacities are not keeping up.Missing: The post does not state whether the development of AI should be accelerated, slowed or restrained.2026-03-06 Inspect claim & evidence ↗Document page →

Headlines replaced

  • The post of 10 July 2022 by “Beff Jezos” and “bayes”, headlined as earliest located by the research pack of 2026-10-31. Earlier text found: the original e/acc post of 1 June 2022, which the cross-family check read in an archive capture of 2 June 2022; the research pack had read only its repost of 31 October 2022. Recorded 2026-11-01.